专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，江苏专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏连云港东海·期中） It’s a wild world out there online, with dis-and misinformation flying around at pace. I’m aware that people’s making things up is not new. But what is new is the influence that troublemakers have. That is obvious in information gathered by the Behavioral Insights Team (BIT). The survey of 2,000 UK adults highlights how confusing the Wild West Web is at present. While 59% of those surveyed by BIT think they can find false information online, only 36% of people were confident that others could find fake news. That’s a problem for two reasons. One is our low confidence in other people’s ability to identify false stories. The other is the gap in insight between our own abilities and those of the public. I doubt that if we measured how well people distinguish disinformation from the truth, it’d be closer to the number of 36% than59%. In short, we tend to think we’re smarter than we are. Don’t believe me? For my first book, YouTubers, I authorized （授权） a survey by YouGov to see how well the public recognized major figures on the platform. The team at YouGov recommended that, I should add someone who didn’t exist among the real names to identify the percentage of people who were lying. A worrying number of people surveyed confidently said they knew the person invented by the team — and knew them well. The BIT recommended governments and social media platforms fight against mis - and disinformation. First among them is to mark false information as soon as it is found, to try and make the public aware before they share. Additionally, platforms should be stricter in how much legal but harmful content they show. Whether any of this will work is tough to say. I’ve been looking at the science alongside studies and surveys like BIT, and every positive intervention （干预） also appears to have its disadvantages. 1. What does “that" in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The wild world. B．The false information. C．The impact of misinformation. D．The information gathered by BIT. 2. Why does the author mention the survey conducted by YouGov? A．To raise our awareness of misinformation. B．To show our ability to find misinformation. C．To display our wisdom to know misinformation. D．To show we’re poor in identifying misinformation. 3. What might the author continue talking about? A．The science he will look at. B．The survey BIT will conduct lately. C．The weaknesses of positive intervention. D．His new book about misinformation. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A science magazine. B．A classic novel. C．A guide plan. D．An exam paper. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了网络世界中虚假信息的泛滥以及人们对此的识别能力。 1. 词句猜测题。根据上文“It’s a wild world out there  online, with dis-and misinformation flying around at pace. I’m aware  that people’s making things up is not new. But what is new is the  influence that troublemakers have.（这是一个疯狂的网络世界，虚假和错误的信息飞快地飞来飞去。我知道人们编造故事并不是什么新鲜事。但什么是新是麻烦制造者的影响）”可知，这里的“that”指代的是前文提到的捣乱者（即传播虚假信息的人）所产生的影响，即虚假信息的影响。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A worrying number of people surveyed confidently said they knew the person invented by the team — and knew them well.（令人担忧的是，相当数量的被调查者自信地表示他们认识这个团队虚构的人，并且很了解他们）”可知，作者提到YouGov的调查是为了展示我们在识别虚假信息方面的不足。这个调查结果显示，很多人无法识别出虚构的人物，反而自信地表示认识并了解他们。由此推知，我们在识别虚假信息方面的能力很差。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I’ve been looking at the science alongside studies and surveys like BIT, and every positive intervention also appears to have its disadvantages.（我一直在研究像BIT这样的科学研究和调查，而且每一种积极的干预措施似乎都有其不利之处）”可知，作者提到每一种积极的干预措施都有其不利之处。由此推知，接下来很可能会继续讨论这些不利之处，即积极干预的弱点。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。文章主要讨论了网络世界中虚假信息的泛滥以及人们对此的识别能力。由此可知，文章讨论了与科技和社会紧密相关的虚假信息问题，这类话题通常出现在科学杂志或相关领域的出版物中。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——旅游观光 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中） Slowing down was the last thing on Elaine Schaefer’s mind when she turned 70 last year. She’d enjoyed an ambitious travel schedule for the previous decade. She didn’t feel too old to travel. Yet many people are asking that slightly embarrassing question: Can you be too old to travel? The travel industry has already responded. Try renting a car in Europe, for example. In Croatia, Schaefer wouldn’t be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities. That feels like a “no” for many travelers. Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It’s their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog. She recalls a 93-year-old who was disabled and traveling alone on a Caribbean tour, “You can’t expect to ask a tour leader to be there for you 24/7 for medical care.” she says. “Tour guides don’t have the time, skills, and knowledge for it. So, in this case, my advice is: he shouldn’t have traveled with us in this situation.” But some tour operators serve older travelers. For example, Grand Circle Travel started in 1958 to serve senior members. “We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.” If you ask travel experts, they’ll tell you that age is just a number. It’s a question of physical, and to a certain extent, mental ability. “Many of our travelers are retired, focused on keeping their good health, and are experienced travelers who have a good idea of what to expect,” says Sara Baer-Sinnott, president of Oldways, a food and nutrition nonprofit that operates tours. “Someone in their 40s may struggle more than someone in their 80s.” 5. What is Schaefer expected to do if she travels in Croatia this year? A．She can rent a car to go around. B．She will receive 24/7 medical care. C．She has to pay more insurance fees. D．She can participate in all the activities. 6. What caused Veldman to disapprove of the 93-year-old’s traveling? A．His old age. B．His stubborn personality. C．His lack of medical skills. D．His poor physical condition. 7. What do we know about Grand Circle Travel? A．It is a non-profit traveling organization. B．It is intended for the senior customers. C．It offers service to a wide range of travelers. D．It has a history of more than seven decades. 8. What is the author’s attitude towards traveling at an old age? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Critical. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．C 8．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就老年人是否适合旅行这一话题进行讨论，作者通过一些事例和旅行专家的观点来说明想要旅行，年龄不是问题，主要看健康状况。 6. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In Croatia, Schaefer wouldn’t be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities.（在克罗地亚，Schaefer今年不能参加，因为最高年龄是70岁。保险公司要求更高的费率；旅游经营者限制某些活动。）”可知，Schaefer预计，如果今年去克罗地亚旅行，她将支付更多的保险费。故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It’s their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog.(Kirsten Veldman说：“当然，有些人在旅行前应该三思，但不能只看年龄。要看他们的健康水平。”她以前是一名导游，现在编辑一个退休博客。）”可知，Veldman认为对于旅行者来说，年龄不是问题，重要的是身体健康，由此可推知，Veldman不同意一名93岁的老人去旅行的最主要原因可能是他糟糕的健康状况。故选D。 7. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone，” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.”（公司发言人Ann Shannon说：“我们有八九十岁的旅行者。有些是情侣旅行，有些是独自旅行。我们没有年龄限制。”）”可知，Grand Circle Travel为各种各样的旅行者提供服务。故选C。 8. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age.（当然，有些人在旅行前应该三思，但不能只看年龄。）”和第五段“If you ask travel experts, they'll tell you that age is just a number.（如果你问旅游专家，他们会告诉你年龄只是一个数字。）”以及全文内容来看，作者通过引用事例和旅行专家的观点来表明年龄不是阻碍老年人旅行的主要原因，重点考虑健康状况，文章从客观的角度来分析老年人是否适合去旅行，所以，作者对于老年人是否可以旅行的态度是客观的。故选A。 主题03 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏南通如皋·期中） Failure is a big part of everyone’s life. The problem many of us face, however, is that we automatically equate experiencing failure with being a failure. We view it as something to be ashamed of, or embarrassed about, something to be avoided or hidden. In fact, failure gives us an opportunity to learn, adapt and grow. It should be expected on the way to achieving life goals and used as a feedback mechanism （机制） to get it right next time, or the time after. I recently saw a woman who had to give up studying for her university degree. She had bipolar disorder （躁郁症） and was unable to cope with the pressure of studying. She was studying to be a teacher and had hoped to find a teaching job. However, she failed her exams and job interviews, and overall felt like she was failing to achieve anything. One of the things she enjoyed doing was singing in a band. So in order to earn a bit of money, she began giving singing lessons to children in her community. Fast forward 18 months and she now has her own growing business of teaching singing full-time. She hasn’t achieved this goal in the way she imagined, and she wouldn’t have embarked on this path without the setbacks she encountered. What was it about this woman that made her succeed? Yes, failure had a big part to play, but the ability to bounce back and to be flexible was an important factor. An important part of developing flexibility is having a supportive network. Having relationships with people who can support us helps us go through tough times. Our attitudes toward ourselves are also crucially important, including a sense that we are in control of our actions, have confidence in what we do, realize our strengths and set ourselves achievable and realistic goals. This is all necessary to flexibility. The secret to flexibility lies in accepting that there are things in life we cannot change. Rather than thinking of ourselves as victims, we need to realize we have the ability to change the way we think, behave and, ultimately, feel. Life may throw manure （粪肥） at us, but we can grow roses with it. 9．What do people usually think of failure? A．Shameful. B．Unavoidable. C．Changeable. D．Rewarding. 10．What do paragraphs 3-4 mainly talk about? A．Ways to achieve our goals in life. B．Reflection on how to avoid failure. C．Reasons why failure can’t be avoided. D．An example of turning failure into a chance. 11．What does the author think contributes to the woman’s success? A．His positive mindset. B．Her ability to adapt. C．Her eagerness to learn. D．Her courage and persistence. 12．What is the key to being flexible, according to the author? A．Ignoring what bothers us. B．Keeping improving our abilities. C．Learning to accept failure. D．Setting goals based on our interests. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章先提出人们对失败的普遍错误看法，接着通过具体事例阐述失败能转化为机会，进而分析促使成功的因素，最后论述了保持灵活性的关键所在。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We view it as something to be ashamed of, or embarrassed about, something to be avoided or hidden. （我们认为它是一件值得羞愧或尴尬的事情，一件应该避免或隐藏的事情）”可知，人们通常认为失败是可耻的，故选A。 10. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“I recently saw a woman who had to give up studying for her university degree. She had bipolar disorder （躁郁症） and was unable to cope with the pressure of studying. She was studying to be a teacher and had hoped to find a teaching job. However, she failed her exams and job interviews, and overall felt like she was failing to achieve anything. （我最近看到一位女士不得不放弃攻读大学学位。她患有躁郁症，无法应对学习的压力。她正在学习成为一名教师，并希望找到一份教学工作。然而，她的考试和工作面试都失败了，总的来说，她觉得自己什么都没取得）”及第四段“One of the things she enjoyed doing was singing in a band. So in order to earn a bit of money, she began giving singing lessons to children in her community. Fast forward 18 months and she now has her own growing business of teaching singing full-time. She hasn’t achieved this goal in the way she imagined, and she wouldn’t have embarked on this path without the setbacks she encountered. （她喜欢做的事情之一是在乐队里唱歌。所以为了赚一点钱，她开始在社区里给孩子们上歌唱课。快进18个月，现在她有了自己不断发展的全职教唱歌的生意。她没有以她想象的方式实现这个目标，而且如果没有遇到那些挫折，她也不会走上这条道路）”可知，这两段主要是通过这位女士的例子来说明将失败转化为机会的情况，故选D。 11. 细节理解题。根据第五段“What was it about this woman that made her succeed? Yes, failure had a big part to play, but the ability to bounce back and to be flexible was an important factor. （这个女人成功的原因是什么？是的，失败起了很大作用，但恢复能力和灵活性也是一个重要因素）”可知，作者认为这位女士成功的重要因素是她能够恢复过来并且具有灵活性，也就是适应的能力，故选B。 12. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The secret to flexibility lies in accepting that there are things in life we cannot change. （灵活性的秘诀在于接受生活中有些事情我们无法改变）”可知，作者认为灵活性的关键在于学会接受生活中我们无法改变的事情，也就是接受失败，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏常州·期中） I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This theory helps explain the springing up of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high performance. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business: politics, the army and even the Roman Empire. And it has been much apparent before and during the Olympics, which end in Paris on August 11th. Executives （主管） attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them successful. What can CEOs learn from the world’s best athletes? Actually, there are threads that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires 100% commitment and hard work. Sporting excellence rests on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the platform in Paris are competitive and resilient （适应力强）. It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are cliché （老生常谈）, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting events have clear standards for winning or losing; most jobs lack this. A four-year Olympic cycle building to a match that may last only seconds has few similar examples in business. The athletes who win medals at the games are blessed not just with determination but also natural gifts. The job of managers is partly to discover such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose talents will vary and whose jobs will not depend as heavily on genetics （遗传）. “As soon as I saw that kid log on, I knew he was special.” are words you do not often hear. Whether similarities or differences, these are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple recipe for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster or jump higher than anyone else. They want to hear stories that can have no practical value back in the office. If they can pretend it’s good for their career, so much the better. 13．Why does the author mention the theory in Paragraph 1? A．To prove a point. B．To lead in the topic. C．To present a fact. D．To explain a concept. 14．Why do CEOs turn to Olympians? A．To seek business partners. B．To get the secrets to success. C．To prove the truth of a theory. D．To expand their social circle. 15．What is the author’s attitude to learning from Olympians? A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned. 16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．What can Olympians teach CEOs? B．How do CEOs differ from Olympians? C．What is the recipe for business success? D．Why are Olympians more successful than CEOs? 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．C 16．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章就奥运获奖运动员的故事是否能促使我们在工作场上成功提出了讨论。 13. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This theory helps explain the springing up of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high performance. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business: politics, the army and even the Roman Empire. And it has been much apparent before and during the Olympics, which end in Paris on August 11th. （我想成功。那个人是成功的。这样那个人就可以教我如何成功。这一理论有助于解释播客、书籍和演讲的兴起，它们致力于高绩效的秘密。这就是为什么高管领导力课程借鉴了商业以外的案例研究的原因之一：政治、军队甚至罗马帝国。在8月11日于巴黎结束的奥运会之前和期间，这一点非常明显。）”以下文可知，文章第一段提到理论是为了引出话题，即运用奥运赛场上获奖运动员案例是否可以帮助我们成功。故选B。 14. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them successful. What can CEOs learn from the world’s best athletes? Actually, there are threads that connect sporting success and business success. （高管们参加奥运会选手描述他们成功原因的活动。CEO们能从世界上最好的运动员身上学到什么？事实上，有一些线索将体育成功和商业成功联系起来。）”可知，CEO们向奥运选手寻求成功的秘诀。故选B。 15. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“They want a simple recipe for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster or jump higher than anyone else. They want to hear stories that can have no practical value back in the office. If they can pretend it’s good for their career, so much the better. （他们想要一个简单的成功秘诀。他们想听听比其他人跑得更快或跳得更高是什么感觉。他们希望在办公室里听到没有实际价值的故事。如果他们能假装这对他们的职业生涯有好处，那就更好了。）”以及上文可知，作者对向奥运选手学习的态度是质疑的。故选C。 16.主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them successful. What can CEOs learn from the world’s best athletes? Actually, there are threads that connect sporting success and business success. （高管们参加奥运会选手描述他们成功原因的活动。CEO们能从世界上最好的运动员身上学到什么？事实上，有一些线索将体育成功和商业成功联系起来。）”、第三段“If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are cliché, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. （如果说体育运动和职场之间的一些相似之处是老生常谈的话，那么它们之间的许多差异就太大了，以致于事无补。）”以及上下文可知，文章就奥运会上获奖运动员的故事是否能促使我们在工作上成功提出了讨论。所以A项What can Olympians teach CEOs? （奥运选手能教CEO什么？）符合文意。故选A。 主题04 人与社会——竞技比赛 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏宿迁·期中） The Chinese delegation’s excellent performance in Paris has carried forward the spirit of Chinese sports, as well as the Olympic spirit. In the quarterfinal match of the men’s table tennis at the 2024 Paris Olympics, Fan Zhendong delivered a dramatic performance that captivated fans worldwide. The match started with Fan Zhendong falling behind 0-2. Zhangbenzhihe capitalized on his aggressive play and precision, almost no mistakes. Then, Fan adjusted tactics quickly, leveling the score at 2-2. This comeback was testament to Fan’s resilience and adaptability. Just when it seemed Fan might seize control of this match, Zhangbenzhihe edged ahead again, bringing the score to 2-3. After a fierce battle, Fan’s unwavering spirit propelled him to equalize once more at 3-3. Fan Zhendong turned the tide and fought until the last ball, ultimately winning 4-3 against the Japanese player Zhangbenzhihe, advancing to the semifinal. This remarkable victory highlighted the sportsmanship of our players. The spirit of sports teaches us that the journey is often more important than the destination. It’s about pushing our limits, testing our endurance, and overcoming obstacles. Whether we’re running the last mile of a marathon, fighting for the final point in a tennis match, or defending our goal in a soccer game, the essence of sports lies in our refusal to surrender. When we face setbacks, it’s easy to feel disheartened. But it’s in these moments that the spirit of sports shines the brightest. It reminds us to dust ourselves off, to stand up taller, and to keep moving forward. Every athlete, at some point, has faced the temptation to quit, but it’s the ones who persevere that write the history of sports. The spirit of sports is not just about winning. It’s about the lessons we learn on the field, the character we build through adversity, and the bonds we forge with our teammates. It’s about the countless hours of practice, the sacrifices we make, and the dreams we chase. It’s about never ever giving up, no matter how to tough the challenge may be. So, let’s cheer louder, run faster, and reach higher, for in the heart of every athlete, the flame of determination burns eternally－never ever give up. 17．What does paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A．The Chinese delegation excels at self-discipline. B．The Chinese delegation cares a lot about the medals. C．The Chinese delegation breathes life into the Olympics. D．The Chinese delegation highlights sports spirit in the Olympics. 18．What was the fourth score Fan Zhendong against Zhangbenzhihe? A．4 to 3 B．2 to 2 C．3 to 3 D．2 to 3 19．What can we learn from Fan Zhendong? A．Luck plays a crucial role in winning. B．Opponents are not important in a game. C．Talent is more important than hard work. D．Perseverance and skills contribute to success. 20．What is the essence of sports according to last three paragraphs? A．Never letting go. B．Embracing the victory. C．Throwing in the towel. D．Having a strong constitution. 【答案】17．D 18．C 19．D 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述中国乒乓球队员樊振东在2024年巴黎奥运会男子乒乓球四分之一决赛中逆转获胜的精彩表现，阐述了体育精神的内涵，强调体育精神在于永不放弃、不断突破自我等。 17. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Chinese delegation’s excellent performance in Paris has carried forward the spirit of Chinese sports, as well as the Olympic spirit.（中国代表团在巴黎的出色表现弘扬了中国体育精神以及奥林匹克精神）”可知，第一段意在告诉我们中国代表团在奥运会上彰显了体育精神。故选D。 18. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Just when it seemed Fan might seize control of this match, Zhangbenzhihe edged ahead again, bringing the score to 2-3. After a fierce battle, Fan’s unwavering spirit propelled him to equalize once more at 3-3（就在樊振东似乎要掌控这场比赛的时候，张本智和再次领先，比分变为 2-3。经过激烈的战斗，樊振东坚定不移的精神促使他再次将比分扳平为 3-3）”可知，樊振东与张本智和比赛时的第四局比分是 3-3。故选C。 19. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The match started with Fan Zhendong falling behind 0-2. Zhangbenzhihe capitalized on his aggressive play and precision, almost no mistakes. Then, Fan adjusted tactics quickly, leveling the score at 2-2. This comeback was testament to Fan’s resilience and adaptability. Just when it seemed Fan might seize control of this match, Zhangbenzhihe edged ahead again, bringing the score to 2-3. After a fierce battle, Fan’s unwavering spirit propelled him to equalize once more at 3-3. Fan Zhendong turned the tide and fought until the last ball, ultimately winning 4-3 against the Japanese player Zhangbenzhihe, advancing to the semifinal. This remarkable victory highlighted the sportsmanship of our players（比赛开始时，樊振东以0-2落后。张本智和凭借其激进的打法和精准度，几乎没有失误。随后，樊振东迅速调整战术，将比分追平至2-2。这一逆转充分证明了樊振东的韧性和适应能力。就在樊振东似乎要掌控比赛局面时，张本智和再次领先，比分变为2-3。经过激烈的争夺，樊振东凭借不屈的精神再次将比分扳平至3-3。最终，樊振东扭转局势，战斗到最后一刻，以4-3战胜日本选手张本智和，晋级半决赛。这场非凡的胜利彰显了我们运动员的运动精神）”可知文中描述樊振东在比赛开始 0-2 落后的情况下，迅速调整战术，多次扳平比分，最终以 4-3 逆转获胜，樊振东凭借坚持不懈的毅力以及自身的技能最终获得了成功，所以我们能从他身上学到坚持不懈和技能都有助于成功。故选D。 20. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The spirit of sports teaches us that the journey is often more important than the destination. It’s about pushing our limits, testing our endurance, and overcoming obstacles （体育精神告诉我们，过程往往比结果更重要。它关乎突破我们的极限，考验我们的耐力，克服障碍）”、倒数第二段“When we face setbacks, it’s easy to feel disheartened. But it’s in these moments that the spirit of sports shines the brightest. It reminds us to dust ourselves off, to stand up taller, and to keep moving forward. Every athlete, at some point, has faced the temptation to quit, but it’s the ones who persevere that write the history of sports（当我们遇到挫折时，很容易感到沮丧。但正是在这些时刻，体育精神最为闪耀。它提醒我们拍拍身上的尘土，站得更高，继续前进。每位运动员在某个时刻都曾面临过放弃的诱惑，但正是那些坚持不懈的人书写了体育的历史）”以及最后一段“The spirit of sports is not just about winning. It’s about the lessons we learn on the field, the character we build through adversity, and the bonds we forge with our teammates. It’s about the countless hours of practice, the sacrifices we make, and the dreams we chase. It’s about never ever giving up, no matter how tough the challenge may be（运动精神不仅仅是关于胜利。它关乎我们在赛场上学到的教训，通过逆境建立的品格，以及与队友们结成的纽带。它关乎无数小时的训练，我们所做的牺牲，以及我们追逐的梦想。它是关于无论挑战多么艰难，永不放弃）”可知，体育过程往往比结果更重要，运动精神不仅仅是关于胜利。它关乎我们在赛场上学到的教训，通过逆境建立的品格，以及与队友们结成的纽带。它关乎无数小时的训练，我们所做的牺牲，以及我们追逐的梦想，可推理出体育的本质是永不放弃。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏连云港东海·期中） There are over 1.3 billion people living with disabilities worldwide, representing about 16 percent of the global population, according to the UN. Despite their numbers, this group is often ignored in society. This is where the Paralympic Games （残奥会） step in — to provide a platform for people’ s support. The Paralympics is not a secondary version of the Olympics but an equal celebration of athletic excellence. Yet, despite its significance, the Paralympics struggle for media attention and audience engagement. Many media organizations, focused on making money, often choose to replay the Olympic broadcasts rather than cover the Paralympic events live. This oversight contributes to a lack of public awareness and understanding of the athletes’ training and achievements. The importance of the Paralympics extends beyond the sports field. For the over 1.3 billion people with disabilities globally, the Paralympics is a vital reminder of the need for recognition and inclusion. The Paralympics have indeed shown this powerful change. Besides, the impact of the Paralympics should not be limited to the event itself.A broader social change is needed to address the challenges faced by people with disabilities daily. This means recognizing people with disabilities not as objects of pity, but as individuals with the same right to participate fully in society. The Paralympics show the Olympic spirit. Through their influence, they challenge us to expand our understanding of beauty, ability, and inclusion. Yet, the Paralympics alone cannot achieve the social change badly needed. It is up to us to see beyond disabilities and recognize the full humanity（人性） of people with disabilities. When the society can understand and include them, the Paralympics will have completed their greatest task: Creating a world where everyone is valued and respected. May the flame of the Paralympics not only light up the stadiums but also fire up global awareness, empathy, and action toward making the world a more inclusive place for everyone. 21．What’s the current situation about the disabled? A．They are treated equally. B．They are frequently neglected. C．People solve the problems timely. D．People show too much pity on them. 22．What does the underlined word “oversight" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ignorance. B．Judgement. C．Appeal. D．Challenge. 23．Why is it necessary to host the Paralympic Games? A．To encourage people to exercise. B．To attract people to watch the games. C．To voice people’s opinion on life value. D．To make the disabled valued and respected. 24．What is the best title for the text? A．The Paralympics benefit the world. B．The Paralympics mean more beyond sports. C．The disabled share the same right in events. D．The disabled fulfil their dreams by working hard. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了残奥会对于残疾人群体以及社会的重要性。 21. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Despite their numbers, this group is often ignored in society.（尽管他们数量众多，但这个群体在社会中往往被忽视。）”可知，残疾人群体在社会中往往被忽视。故选B。 22. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Many media organizations, focused on making money, often choose to replay the Olympic broadcasts rather than cover the Paralympic events live.（许多媒体组织为了赚钱，往往选择重播奥运会广播，而不是现场报道残奥会赛事。）”可知，媒体没有给予足够的关注和报道，由此可知，这种疏忽导致公众对运动员的训练和成就缺乏了解和认识。因此，overnight意为“忽视”。故选A。 23. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When the society can understand and include them, the Paralympics will have completed their greatest task: Creating a world where everyone is valued and respected.（当社会能够理解并包容他们时，残奥会就完成了它最伟大的任务：创造一个每个人都受到重视和尊重的世界。）”可知，残奥会的目标是创造一个每个人都受到重视和尊重的世界，这实际上是在表达人们对生命价值的看法和态度。因此，举办残奥会是为了传达人们对生命价值的看法和态度。故选C。 24. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The importance of the Paralympics extends beyond the sports field.（残奥会的重要性远远超出了体育领域。）”可知，文章主要探讨了残奥会对于残疾人群体以及社会的重要性，强调了残奥会不仅是一个体育盛事，更是一个推动社会包容和尊重每个人的平台。因此，选项B“残奥会的意义远超体育”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故选B。 主题05 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏镇江·期中） The small hobby of chocolate is becoming a more costly one. Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. Yet it is bringing little reward to struggling growers. The immediate cause is a bad harvest in West Africa—which produces 70% of the world’s beans—reflecting El Niño-linked weather patterns and disease. Major processing plants in Ghana and Ivory Coast, the main growers, have stopped or reduced operations because they cannot afford the beans. But underlying the crisis are longer-term issues including the climate crisis and the inability of farmers to invest in production due to their low incomes. Many West African growers are being forced out of the business after years of punishingly low returns for their work and—as trees come to the end of their life cycle—often selling land to gold miners, resulting in severe environmental degradation （恶化）. Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again. As serious as the situation looks, the attention demanded by the rocketing price of cocoa, and the introduction of EU Deforestation Regulation offer an opportunity. Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply. The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts. This would help to lift growers out of poverty and, in doing so, tackle other problems. Sustainable production is essential, and will even benefit consumers in the long run. It can’t be achieved by letting the free market run its course. 25．What might be the consequence of rising cocoa prices? A．Some small producers will fail. B．Cocoa farmers will benefit greatly. C．Fewer people will eat chocolate. D．Cocoa production will increase. 26．What will happen if more Latin American farmers plant cocoa? A．Other crops will boost production. B．Cocoa prices will go down. C．The environment will be improved. D．Old cocoa trees will be abandoned. 27．What is the author’s attitude towards the free market approach to cocoa problems? A．Defensive. B．Concerned. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 28．What does the author suggest in order to solve the coco a problem? A．Allowing the free market to work. B．Giving cocoa farmers more freedom. C．Helping cocoa growers out of poverty. D．Promising a steady guaranteed price. 【答案】25．A 26．B 27．B 28．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章分析了可可豆价格上升的原因以及带来的一系列后果，并表达了自己对这一问题的看法，提出了解决方法。 25. 细节理解题。根据第一段二三四句“Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. （迅速上涨的可可豆价格最近达到创纪录的每吨1.2万美元，大约是去年价格的4倍。许多人认为价格会走得更高。这可能会使小型专业生产商破产。）”可知，可可豆价格的上涨可能会让一些小型生产商破产。故选A。 26. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again.（由于可可价格上涨，拉丁美洲农民争相种植可可，放弃了其他作物，并在新的地区砍伐森林。但是，如果产量激增而制度不变，那么等到他们的新树结出果实时，价格可能会再次下跌。）”可知，如果拉丁美洲的农民大规模种植可可，最终可能导致价格再次下跌。故选B。 27. 推理判断题。根据第四段二三句“Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply.（面对全球变暖、冲突加剧和能源价格不稳定，依靠自由市场是一个糟糕的赌注。将粮食问题视为金融工具会伤害农民，破坏森林，加剧供应不稳定。）”可知，作者认为依靠自由市场很糟糕，很担心这个方法会给农民造成伤害。故选B。 28. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts.（在这种情况下，解决方案是承诺为可可种植者提供稳定的最低价格，并签订长期合同。）”可知，作者认为要解决这个问题，是要保证可可的稳定的价格。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中） I’ve bought many things without thinking too much in my life, but the first one that I found uneasy was a pair of Nike VaporMax shoes. It was in July 2018, and I was mindlessly tapping through Instagram updates while waiting for friends. That’s where I saw the advertisement for the shoes. The order took maybe 15 seconds. Almost as soon as I’d paid, I quickly shook off the excitement that had briefly overtaken me, $190 poorer but with one pair of shoes on their way to my apartment. I had completed some version of the online checkout process a million times before, but never could I remember it being quite so thoughtless. That experience wasn’t the result of any just-to-the-market technology. Instead, a handful of small changes to online shopping had grown into something meaningful: Advertisers were collecting stores of personal information with which to target their advertising. Retailers （零售商） were offering free shipping and free returns on everything — buy now, decide later. The widespread use of online payment shortcuts such as Apple Pay was making it unnecessary to create a new account. “Buy now, pay later” services were beginning to appear at more retailers to soften the blow of spending. In the consumer system, friction refers to anything that slows down a potential buyer on the path toward completing a buying journey. About 70 percent of online shopping carts （购物车） are left unfinished without a sale, which suggests that potential buyers can easily derail their plans to buy. Sometimes, the realization that you’ll need to get up and get your wallet is enough to prevent you from ending up with a new T-shirt. When buying something feels like making a real choice, you have more opportunities to slow down and consider whether it might be the wrong one. Even with the smoothest shopping experience, there’s still the risk of waste, of future inconvenience, of money lost in the fine print. Frictionless shopping might be convenient, in a sense, but it’s a bad system for making good decisions. 29．What happened after the author paid for the pair of Nike shoes? A．He felt a bit regretful. B．He decided to live a healthy life. C．He became very picky about shoes. D．He shared his excitement with his friends. 30．What aspect of online shopping is mainly stressed in paragraph 3? A．Its variety. B．Its convenience. C．Its personalization. D．Its competitive pricing. 31．What does the underlined word “derail" in paragraph 4 mean? A．Make. B．Show. C．Discuss. D．Stop. 32．What advice does the author probably give in the last paragraph? A．Shop online to save time. B．Only shop online for future use. C．Save money by shopping online. D．Think twice before shopping online. 【答案】29．A 30．B 31．D 32．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，作者通过自己购买耐克鞋的经历，探讨了无摩擦购物的现象及影响。 29. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Almost as soon as I’d paid, I quickly shook off the excitement that had briefly overtaken me, $190 poorer but with one pair of shoes on their way to my apartment. （几乎就在我付款之后，我迅速摆脱了短暂占据我心头的兴奋感，虽然少了190美元，但有一双鞋正在寄往我的公寓。）”可知，作者在付款后感到有些后悔。故选A。 30. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Instead, a handful of small changes to online shopping had grown into something meaningful: Advertisers were collecting stores of personal information with which to target their advertising. Retailers （零售商） were offering free shipping and free returns on everything—buy now, decide later. The widespread use of online payment shortcuts such as Apple Pay was making it unnecessary to create a new account. ‘Buy now, pay later’ services were beginning to appear at more retailers to soften the blow of spending.（相反，网购的一些小变化已经发展成有意义的事情：广告商正在收集个人信息以便针对性地投放广告。零售商提供免费送货和免费退货服务——现在购买，稍后决定。像Apple Pay这样的在线支付快捷方式的广泛使用使得创建新账户变得不必要。“先买后付”服务开始在更多零售商中出现，以减轻消费的冲击）”可知，广告商收集个人信息以定向投放广告，零售商提供免费运输和免费退货，广泛使用在线支付快捷方式，如苹果支付，使得创建新账户变得不必要，“先买后付”服务开始在更多零售商中出现，以减轻消费带来的打击。这些变化都体现了网上购物的便利性。故选B。 31. 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“About 70 percent of online shopping carts ( 购物车） are left unfinished without a sale, which suggests that potential buyers can easily derail their plans to buy. Sometimes, the realization that you’ll need to get up and get your wallet is enough to prevent you from ending up with a new T-shirt. （大约70%的在线购物车在没有完成销售的情况下被遗弃，这表明潜在买家可以很容易地derail他们的购买计划。有时候，意识到你需要站起来拿钱包就足以阻止你最终买了一件新T恤。）”可知，划线词所在句子讲的是有时候意识到需要站起来拿钱包就足以阻止你最终买了一件新T恤，由此可以推测出划线词所在句子讲的是潜在买家很容易破坏他们购买的计划，即划线词意为“破坏、停止”，与D项意思相近，故选D。 32. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When buying something feels like making a real choice, you have more opportunities to slow down and consider whether it might be the wrong one. （当买东西感觉像是做出一个真正的选择时，你就有更多的机会放慢脚步，考虑这是不是错误的选择。）”可推知，作者在最后一段给出的建议是网上购物前要三思而后行。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡·期中） In recent years, aggression on social media has become commonplace. More than half of the victims said they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator （作恶者）. Most people agree that the anonymity （匿名） of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing （骚扰） behavior. Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human nature? Are we-at our core-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app ear to be growing. The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human nature. As an evolutionary anthropologist, I have spent years researching our transformation as a species. Over the past two million years, we have evolved from groups of apelike beings armed with sticks and stones to the creators of cars, rockets, and nations. Our bigger brains have allowed us to bond and cooperate in more complex and diverse ways than any other animal. Meanwhile, “you are whom you meet.” How we perceive, experience, and act in the world is shaped by who and what surround us on a daily basis. This process has deep evolutionary roots and gives humans what we call a shared reality. I would argue that the rise in online aggression is a product of our evolutionary social skills, the social media boom, and the specific political, economic and social context where we find ourselves. This explosive combination has opened up a space for increasingly more people to fan the flames of aggression and insult online. Aggressive behavior-especially to those you don’t have to confront face-to-face-is easier than it’s ever been. And for the aggressor, there are often no consequences. Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both. 33．What does the underlined word “that" in paragraph two refer to? A．Hate crimes on the rise. B．Growing political divisions. C．Considerable online bitterness. D．The transformation of humans. 34．What’s the author’s attitude toward social media? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Ironic. 35．What does the author propose to address the issue of growing aggression? A．Embracing our aggressive nature to compete in today’s world. B．Strengthening laws to hold perpetrators responsible for their online actions. C．Promoting positive behaviors and interactions in both real-life and digital spaces. D．Focusing only on reducing anonymity on the internet to reduce offensive behavior. 36．What is mainly discussed in this passage? A．The impact of social media on society. B．The influence of evolution on our behavior. C．The reasons behind rising online aggression. D．The factors in the social media development. 【答案】33．C 34．B 35．C 36．C 【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，还是社交媒体的过错。 33. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human nature? Are we-at our core-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app ear to be growing. The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. （社交媒体上日益增长的攻击性是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。）”可知，that指上文公众相当高的痛苦程度。A. Hate crimes on the rise仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B. Growing political divisions日益严重的政治分歧；C. Considerable online bitterness相当多的网络痛苦；D. The transformation of humans人类的转变。故选C。 34. 推理判断题。根据一段中“Most people agreed that the anonymity （匿名） of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing （骚扰） behavior. （大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。）”和第二段中“The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial.   But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human nature. （公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。）”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击性行为提供了遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度较为客观中立。故选B。 35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both. （是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。）”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社会之所以变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出来与这些攻击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选C。 36. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段“In recent years, aggression on social media has become commonplace.  More than half of the victims said they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator （作恶者）.  Most people agree that the anonymity （匿名） of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing （骚扰） behavior. （近年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身份。大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。）”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增加，很多人认为始作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human nature. （但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。）”作者提出是不是因为人类本性好斗呢？他不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both. （是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。）”作者呼吁大家行动起来，与这些攻击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击行为背后的原因，故选C。 主题06 人与自我——日常生活 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏高邮·期中） “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade （柠檬水）.” It is a good saying, but life throws at us more serious problems than lemons, doesn’t it? What do we do when we lose a family member? What do we do when we have been through events that leave us feelings? Can any failure be turned into success? Most of us realize we can learn one or two things from failure. When we fail, we think, “Well, I won’t try that again! ”or “I won’t trust anyone again! ”But this is not useful learning. It is suggested that we ask challenging questions. For example, “How could I try that again?” There are a lot we can learn and get from failure if we keep asking good questions on how to do better next time. Failure or pain can be good for developing our character if we choose to face it in a positive way. Our own suffering often makes us understand others better. It can give us wisdom or knowledge to share with others, which can prevent them from similar failure. If we have been hurt by others because of another person’s poor character, it may improve us to be better persons. Failures can make us experience many things that we didn’t experience before. If you lose your job, it doesn’t mean you lose everything and probably you may get more. As we know, no job often leads to self employment; no job has been the beginning of many highly successful businesses. It is common that we don’t like changing, but change, even unfortunate change, brings new opportunities. Sometimes only failure brings us better opportunities or greater success. 37．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means that ________. A．any lemons can be made into lemonade B．problems always bring us lots of trouble C．problems can never be avoided in our life D．failure can also be turned into a success 38．The 2nd paragraph mainly tells us that ________. A．We should learn more when we fail B．We must be careful to trust anyone C．We must ask questions when we fail D．We should deal with failure positively 39．According to the writer, if you were hurt by another person, you should ________. A．avoid hurting others in the same way B．find a better way to hurt him bravely C．try to prevent him from hurting others D．thank him for making you more perfect 40．What is the best title of the passage? A．Failure Decides success B．Failure Creates Opportunities C．Failure Brings Everything D．Failure Makes a Perfect Person 【答案】37．D 38．D 39．A 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是人生中有很多的失败，但有时候，只有失败才能给我们带来更好的机会或更大的成功。 37. 词句猜测题。根据划线句子后的“It is a good saying, but life throws at us more serious problems than lemons, doesn’t it? What do we do when we lose a family member? What do we do when we have been through events that leave us feelings? Can any failure be turned into success?（这句话很好，但生活给我们带来的问题比柠檬更严重，不是吗？失去亲人时我们该怎么办？当我们经历了让我们有感觉的事情时，我们会怎么做？任何失败都能转化为成功吗？）”可知，作者以谚语引出本文讲述的话题，同时，利用一系列的问题对此进行解释，生活给我们的问题比柠檬严重，任何失败都会转化为成功吗？作者对此产生疑问，进而展开本文的论述。由此可猜测，划线句子应是一个观点“失败能转化为成功”。故选D。 38. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Most of us realize we can learn one or two things from failure.（我们大多数人都意识到我们可以从失败中学到一两件事）”可知，人们都意识到我们可以从失败中学到一两件事，结合尾句“There are a lot we can learn and get from failure if we keep asking good questions on how to do better next time.（我们可以从失败中学到很多东西，如果我们不断问一些好问题，下次如何做得更好）”可知，我们要失败后不断地问自己一些好的问题。由此可知，本段讲述的是我们失败的时候，要积极处理自己的失败。故选D。 39. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Our own suffering often makes us understand others better. （我们自己的苦难常常使我们更好地理解别人）”可知，作者认为，如果我们自己遭遇了不幸会让我们更好地理解别人，结合下文中的“If we have been hurt by others because of another person’s poor character, it may improve us to be better persons.（如果我们曾经因为别人的品行不好而受到别人的伤害，这也许会使我们变得更好）”可推断，如果我们受到了别人的伤害，我们会更好地理解其他人，我们从别人对我们的伤害中学到伤害别人不是好的行为，所以我们就不会再去伤害别人。故选A。 40．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Can any failure be turned into success?(任何失败都能转化为成功吗？)”可知，作者用提问的方式展开本文的论述，结合下文中作者论述的如何面对失败以及失败给我们带来的好处以及尾段中的“Sometimes only failure brings us better opportunities or greater success.(有时候，只有失败才能给我们带来更好的机会或更大的成功)”可知，有时候，只有失败会带给我们更好的机会或更大的成功，所以本文主要论述的是失败可以创造更多的机会。由此可知，“失败创造更多机会”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡辅仁高级中学·期中） Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was not enough, the science uncertain? They even thought that the anti-smoking group was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way. Lots of Americans believed that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting similarities today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was an expert group from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the introduction to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.” Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring smoke into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a careful people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to ask for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”. To serve as responsible keepers of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative （立法的） action, Congress should help to begin taking conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial awards for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally friendly. 41．What statement did the supporters of smoking agree to? A．Smoking led to death. B．People had the freedom to choose their own way of life. C．The number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was small. D．Anti-smoking people were usually talking nonsense. 42．According to Bruce Alberts, science can be ________. A．a guide B．a judge C．a critic D．a protector 43．According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming? A．Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. B．Take some legislative measures. C．Press for further scientific research. D．Raise public awareness of conservation. 44．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The influence of smoking. B．The measures of prohibiting smoking. C．The global warming and smoking. D．The benefits of protecting our environment. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．B 44．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是吸烟和全球变暖在科学面前的相似之处。 41. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“They even thought that the anti-smoking group was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way. （他们甚至认为反吸烟组织是要破坏我们的生活方式，政府应该置身事外。）”可知，吸烟的支持者会同意人们有选择自己生活方式的自由。故选B。 42. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. （但科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，至关重要的是，我们的国家和世界要根据科学对当前行动的未来后果所能提供的最佳判断来制定重要的政策。）”可知，Bruce Alberts认为，科学可以是一个向导，故选A。 43. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“If the Administration won’t take the legislative （立法的） action, Congress should help to begin taking conservation measures. （如果政府不采取立法行动，国会应该帮助开始采取保护措施。）”可知，根据作者的观点，政府应该采取一些立法措施来应对全球变暖，故选B。 44. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was not enough, the science uncertain? （你还记得那些年科学家们争辩说吸烟会致人死亡，但怀疑者坚持说我们对此并不确定吗？证据不足，科学不确定？）”和第二段的“There are upsetting similarities today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. （如今，科学家们一波接一波地试图唤醒我们，让我们意识到全球变暖日益严重的威胁，这些相似之处令人不安。）”可知，本文主要讲的是吸烟和全球变暖在科学面前的相似之处，因此最好的题目是C选项“The global warming and smoking. （全球变暖和吸烟。）”，故选C。 主题02 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏常州中学·期中） Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing". It may help them prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for the worst while waiting for potentially negative outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work. Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations. But other psychological theories undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorized and scientifically established – that expectations can powerfully influence reality. There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality. First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance. In fact, the interviewer did not want to give anything away. Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be better to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst. 45．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The logic of preparing for the worst. B．The theory of comparing past and future. C．The conflict between people’s expectation and reality. D．The emotions hidden behind anticipating the worst. 46．What does the underlined word “undermine” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Strengthen. B．Determine. C．Oppose. D．Justify. 47．How can negative expectations probably affect people’s performance in reality? A．By resulting in unnecessary time waste. B．By promoting people’s ambition and motivation. C．By giving weight to people’s potential of excellence. D．By causing less preparation and some misinterpretations. 48．What is the author’s attitude toward bracing for the worst? A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Approving. 【答案】45．A 46．C 47．D 48．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人们对未来可能发生的负面情况进行预期的行为，即“做最坏打算”的心理学概念，探讨了相关的理论和研究，并认为持有积极的期望可能比预期最坏情况更加有益。 45. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations.”（一些心理学理论认为，支撑应该有所帮助。例如，“决策影响理论”提出，我们对一种情况的感受在一定程度上是由实际发生的事情与可能发生的事情的比较决定的。基于此，当一件事超出预期时，人们应该感到高兴，当一件事落后时，人们应该感到失望。因此，通过做最坏的打算，人们可以保护自己免受未来的失望，因为任何结果都可能超过他们的预期。）可知，第二段主要讲的是做最坏打算的逻辑。故选A。 46. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help.”（一些心理学理论认为，支撑应该有所帮助。）以及第三段“It has been theorized and scientifically established – that expectations can powerfully influence reality.”（期望能有力地影响现实，这已被理论化和科学地证实。）可推断出此处表示意思的转折，即其他心理学理论“颠覆”（反对）这种看法，故可猜测划线单词undermine为“反对”的意思，与C项Oppose“反对”意思一致。故选C。 47. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well.  Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance.”（如果你认为自己在即将到来的考试或面试中会不及格，那么你可能就不会在准备工作上投入精力，这反过来又会降低你取得好成绩的机会。其次，人们可能会根据自己的期望来解释情况。假设你认为自己不足以胜任你所申请的工作。在求职面试中，你很可能会把面试官的茫然表情理解为与这种想法一致，这可能会对你的表现产生负面影响。）可知，消极预期通过减少准备和一些误解来影响人们在现实中的表现。故选D。 48. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be better to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst.”（综合这些科学研究，似乎做最坏的打算绝不是为即将到来的新闻或结果做准备的明智方式。与其做最坏的打算，不如保持积极的预期。）可推知，作者认为做最坏的打算，不如保持积极的预期，作者对做最坏的打算持有反对态度。故选C。 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏扬州中学·期中） How AI will transform education is very important to schools such as mine, teachers such as me, and hardworking care-givers such as the parents in my community. Could AI get our children to grasp new concepts and skills? Might AI be better equipped to help them exploit their own intelligence? After a few days watching my children use artificial intelligence-based learning tools, I can tell you the short answer is NO. Human intelligence is different from the computer’s. For one, human intelligence can not be measured. The brain is plastic, always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence relies on human interaction. Exercising our intelligence is something we do naturally as we connect with others, consider the world around us and seek to improve our relationship to that world. In education, there has been a movement toward social-emotional and problem-based learning. So educators attempt to motivate interest in subjects and skills by turning learning moments into communal （共有的） problem-solving events. When we combine analytical learning with social- emotional learning, students become mastered in the material we want them to know and get more excited about the learning process. Using AI looks very different from this. AI learning often involves an individual working alone with a computer program. It can crowd source information to help students find facts about their environment, solve a problem and come up with a creative way forward. But AI doesn’t force students to think through or keep anything. And simply being fed facts and information is not the same as “learning". It is fascinating to imagine that AI might cure what annoys us. Many parents don’t have the resources-in time, money or energy—to teach their kids at home. If AI could fill the gaps, how great, right? Yet the nature of AI “teaching" as it currently exists means that students merely level up without learning. When it comes to developing intelligence, nothing can beat what we humans have been doing, face to face, for centuries. 49．What do we know about human intelligence according to paragraph 2? A．It is measured easily B．It is of great significance C．It is related to education D．It is changeable and interactive 50．What can be inferred about AI learning from paragraph 4? A．It is widely used at school. B．It makes no difference to education. C．It helps develop students’ intelligence D．It does little help with students’ true learning. 51．What is the author’s attitude to AI learning? A．Unclear B．Neutral C．Disapproving D．Favorable 52．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Could AI Really Teach Students B．Should students Use AI Frequently C．How Students Use AI in Their Study D．How Teachers Interact with Students 【答案】49．D 50．D 51．C 52．A 【导语】本文为议论文。通过观察孩子们使用基于人工智能的学习工具几天后，作者认为利用人工智能的学习，不是真正的学习模式，不利于学生开发智力，掌握新的概念和技能。 49. 细节理解题。根据第二段“For one, human intelligence can not be measured. The brain is plastic, always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence relies on human interaction. （首先，人类的智力是无法测量的。大脑是可塑的，总是随着我们从环境中学习而发展和成长。此外，人类的智能依赖于人类的互动。）”可知，人类的智能因大脑的发展成长而一直在改变，同时也存在互动性。故选D。 50. 推理判断题。根据第四段“AI learning often involves an individual working alone with a computer program. It can crowd source information to help students find facts about their environment, solve a problem and come up with a creative way forward. But AI doesn’t force students to think through or keep anything. And simply being fed facts and information is not the same as ‘learning’。 （人工智能学习通常需要一个人单独使用计算机程序。它可以集中资源信息，帮助学生找到有关环境的事实，解决问题，并提出创造性的前进道路。但人工智能不会强迫学生思考或保留任何东西。简单地接受事实和信息与‘学习’是不一样的。）”可知，人工智能学习的过程中，学生只是简单地接受事实和信息，没有思考或保留任何东西，并不是真正意义上的学习，所以对于学生的学习没什么帮助。故选D。 51. 推理判断题。根据第一段“After a few days watching my children use artificial intelligence-based learning tools, I can tell you the short answer is NO. （在观察了我的孩子们使用基于人工智能的学习工具几天后，我可以告诉你简短的答案是否定的。）”，以及最后一段“Many parents don’t have the resources—in time, money or energy—to teach their kids at home. If AI could fill the gaps, how great, right? Yet the nature of AI ‘teaching’ as it currently exists means that students merely level up without learning. When it comes to developing intelligence, nothing can beat what we humans have been doing, face to face, for centuries. （许多父母没有足够的资源，无论是时间、金钱还是精力，在家教育孩子。如果人工智能能填补这些空白，那该有多好，对吧？然而，目前存在的人工智能‘教学’的本质意味着，学生只是在没有学习的情况下升级。说到发展智力，没有什么能比得上几个世纪以来我们人类面对面所做的事情。）”可知，作者认为发展只能还得靠人类面对面的教学，许多父母因没有足够的资源，无论是时间、金钱还是精力，在家教育孩子，而选择人工智能教孩子，其实人工智能并没有填补这些空白，故作者对人工智能是不赞同的。故选C。 52. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“How AI will transform education is very important to schools such as mine, teachers such as me, and hardworking care-givers such as the parents in my community. Could AI get our children to grasp new concepts and skills? Might AI be better equipped to help them exploit their own intelligence? After a few days watching my children use artificial intelligence-based learning tools, I can tell you the short answer is NO. （人工智能将如何改变教育，对于像我这样的学校、像我这样的老师，以及像我所在社区的父母这样勤奋的照顾者来说，都是非常重要的。人工智能能让我们的孩子掌握新的概念和技能吗？人工智能是否能更好地帮助人类开发自己的智力？在观察了我的孩子们使用基于人工智能的学习工具几天后，我可以告诉你简短的答案是否定的。）”可知，作者列出多个问题，引出本文主题：人工智能能否教学生，Could AI Really Teach Students，适合作标题，故选A。 主题04 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏锡山高级中学·期中） Sanding on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock. I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I’m not a rock. I’m a human-being filled with all the drama built into my DNA． Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and net rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can.” But the guy tried to argue about the note. I sat watching. understanding both sides. I’ve been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others’ eyes, and thus the possibility of finding content and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again. 53．What does the author compare the rocks to? A．People with varied personalities. B．DNA unique to each person. C．Challenges that we come across. D．Our abilities that grows with time. 54．What caused the argument in the restaurant? A．Lack of clarity in the sign. B．The owner’s inappropriate attitude. C．Demanding restaurant requests. D．The guy’s failing to obey the rules. 55．Which best describes the author’s attitude toward the world when he was young? A．Respectful. B．Aggressive. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant. 56．What does the author try to convey through this text? A．We should adjust ourselves to new conditions. B．Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. C．It’s necessary to obey the rules in public spaces. D．Being open and understanding brings satisfaction. 【答案】53．A 54．D 55．B 56．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要叙述并议论了人如同岩石一般不断磨平棱角，学会理解体谅他人的过程。 53. 细节理解题。从文章第三段“Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock. I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. （即使是最高的山也已磨损；没有一座像一千年前那么高。和这些岩石很像，我发现我的态度软化了，而随着每一次的旅行，我也更渴望能去更好地了解他人） ”可知，作者把岩石比成有着各自性格的人。故选A。 54. 细节理解题。文章第六段讲到“Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and net rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can.” But the guy tried to argue about the note. （两年前，在太平洋西北地区旅行时，我看到一个餐馆老板要求一个不遵守规定的人离开。他的态度既不强硬，也不粗鲁。门上写着：“请戴上口罩进入我们的餐厅。我们也不喜欢这样，但让我们一起尽己所能。”但那家伙试图就这条规定进行争吵。）”，从中可知，这次餐馆的争吵原因是这个人未能遵守规则。故选D。 55. 推理判断题。从文章第四段“Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. （我也曾是一块边缘锐利的尖石）”可知，作者年轻时是有棱有角的性格，态度比较激进好斗。故选B。 56. 推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段“You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. （圆的石头比棱角分明的石头更容易装进罐子里。前者想办法调整自己，为他人腾出空间；后者从不让步迁就别人。时间就像水流冲刷着尖锐的石头，冲走我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们）”可知，作者通过本文传达的应是“开放和理解的态度将使我们获得满意”。故选D。 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡江阴·期中） Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace my job? This is a question that many people think about these days. At present, the application of AI robotics in professional fields, as well as ChatGPT’s abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more, have heightened moral concerns. Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown. 57．Why are some people concerned about AI? A．It may outsmart humans. B．It has led to social problems. C．It has been applied widely. D．It is the product of humanity. 58．How can we prevent AI’s potential threat? A．By stirring emotions. B．By blocking functions. C．By setting restrictions. D．By changing regulations. 59．What does the underlined word “irreversible" in the last paragraph mean? A．Undesirable. B．Unavoidable. C．Unpredictable. D．Unbelievable. 60．What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A．Accept it passively. B．Deal with it positively. C．Respond to it randomly. D．Defend it unconditionally. 【答案】57．A 58．C 59．B 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了人工智能在人类社会中的角色和挑战。虽然一些人担心人工智能可能会取代人类的工作，但作者认为，人类创造了AI，并且在AI的进展、功能和未来方向上拥有决定性的作用。同时，作者也强调了适应新工业革命的必要性，相信人类可以适应新形势，创造新的就业形势。 57. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making.（一些人认为人工智能是解决社会最根本问题的终极良方，而另一些人则担心人工智能将超越人类的智慧。这两种观点都是基于人工智能比人类更好、更聪明，最终可能取代人类决策的假设）”可知，一些人担心人工智能将超越人类的智慧，这是基于他们认为人工智能比人类更好、更聪明，最终可能取代人类决策的假设。故选A。 58. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life.（更重要的是，相关法律法规必须确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命）”可知，我们可以通过相关法律法规确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命。故选C。 59. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment.（这就像以前一样，带来了以前无法想象的变化，肯定会影响到人类的就业）”可知，人工智能驱动的新工业革命就像以前一样会带来无法想象的变化，一定会影响到人类的就业，因此人工智能驱动的新工业革命是不可避免的。故划线词与B选项“Unavoidable（不可避免的）”为同义词。故选B。 60. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown.（因此，不必担心人工智能会取代我们的工作。虽然技术正在快速发展，但我们需要做的是欢迎人工智能时代的到来，而不是因为害怕未知而阻止它的发展）”可知，作者建议对于未来的人工智能时代的到来，不要因为害怕而去阻止它，而是应该欢迎人工智能时代的到来，即积极地对待它。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏海安中学·期中） While Matt Damon relied on potatoes cultivated in biowaste to survive in the hit film The Martian, the researchers say it is a humble desert moss（藓类） that might prove crucial to establishing life on Mars. Scientists in China say they have found Syntrichia caninervis — a moss found in the Antarctic and desert — is able to bear Mars - like conditions, including drought, high levels of radiation and extreme cold. The moss was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions after spending up to five years at - 80℃ and up to 30 days at - 196℃, and after exposure to gamma rays, with doses of around 500Gy even promoting new growth. The team then created a set-up that had similar pressures, temperatures, gases and UV radiation to Mars. It found the moss survived in this Mars-like environment, and was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions, even after seven days of exposure. “These experiments represent an important first step, but they do not show that the moss could be a significant source of oxygen under Martian conditions, nor do they show that the desert moss could reproduce in the Martian context，” McDaniel said. “Implying that moss, or any other pioneering species, is ready to terraform（行星地球化） Mars, or any other outer planet, is an overstatement.” Zupanska added. Dr. Wiger of Wageningen University, also raised concerns, including that temperatures on the red planet rarely got above freezing, making outdoor plant growth impossible, while the new study did not use Mars - like soil. “The mosses were treated under Mars circumstances for a maximum of several days and then regrown under Earth conditions on sand,” he said. “This, of course, doesn’t show at all they can grow under Mars conditions.” However, Prof. Edward Guinan of Villanova University in the US described the study as impressive. “This extremotolerant moss could promise to be a pioneer plant for Mars colonization,” he said, although he noted the moss would need water to grow. “We have a lot of things to do,” he said. “But this lowly desert moss offers hope for making small portions of Mars habitable for humankind in the future.” 61．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the potatoes? A．The potatoes played a crucial role in the film. B．The moss led to survival of the potatoes on Mars. C．The moss may survive on Mars like these potatoes. D．The success of the film resulted from the plot about potatoes. 62．What can be implied from what McDaniel and Zupanska said? A．The moss has a long way to be a Martian plant. B．It is unlikely that the earth species can grow on Mars. C．The experiments about the moss were a complete success. D．They will research into reproducing the moss in the Martian context. 63．Which one is right about the characteristic of the moss in the text? A．Resistant to water. B．Adaptable to Martian soil. C．Capable of producing oxygen on Mars. D．Regenerative under Earth condition. 64．What is the main idea of the text? A．Can Mars actually become a second Earth? B．Can scientists create a set-up similar to Mars? C．Can a moss become a pioneer living on Mars? D．Can researchers make it to Mars colonization? 【答案】61．C 62．A 63．D 64．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章的主要内容是探讨苔藓是否能成为火星上的先锋生物。 61. 推理判断题。根据第一段“While Matt Damon relied on potatoes cultivated in biowaste to survive in the hit film The Martian, the researchers say it is a humble desert moss（藓类） that might prove crucial to establishing life on Mars(在热播电影《火星救援》中，马特·达蒙依靠在生物垃圾中种植的土豆生存，而研究人员表示，这是一种不起眼的沙漠苔藓，可能对在火星上建立生命至关重要”可知，通过提到电影中的土豆，作者想说明苔藓可能像电影中的土豆一样在火星上生存。故选C项。 62. 推理判断题。根据第四段““These experiments represent an important first step, but they do not show that the moss could be a significant source of oxygen under Martian conditions, nor do they show that the desert moss could reproduce in the Martian context，” McDaniel said. “Implying that moss, or any other pioneering species, is ready to terraform（行星地球化） Mars, or any other outer planet, is an overstatement.” Zupanska added.( McDaniel说：“这些实验代表了重要的第一步，但它们并没有表明苔藓在火星条件下可能是一个重要的氧气来源，也没有表明沙漠苔藓可以在火星环境下繁殖。”“暗示苔藓或任何其他先锋物种已经准备好改造火星或任何其他外行星，这是夸大其词。”Zupanska补充道）”可知，从McDaniel和Zupanska的话中可以推断出，苔藓要成为火星植物还有很长的路要走。故选A项。 63. 细节理解题。根据第五段“then regrown under Earth conditions on sand （然后在地球条件下的沙子上重新生长）”可知，苔藓的特征是在地球条件下再生。故选D项。 64. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“While Matt Damon relied on potatoes cultivated in biowaste to survive in the hit film The Martian, the researchers say it is a humble desert moss（藓类） that might prove crucial to establishing life on Mars(在热播电影《火星救援》中，马特·达蒙依靠在生物垃圾中种植的土豆生存，而研究人员表示，这是一种不起眼的沙漠苔藓，可能对在火星上建立生命至关重要”以及下文不同人对苔藓是否能成为火星上的先锋生物提出了自己的观点。所以短文主要围绕着“苔藓能成为火星上的先锋生物？”展开，也是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 主题06 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏扬州邗江中学·期中） Technology seems to discourage slow, immersive reading. Reading on a screen, particularly a phone screen, tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list-like than print. The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new norm" of skim reading is producing “an invisible, game-changing transformation” in how readers process words. The neuronal circuit that sustains the brain’s capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis. We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully. From about the age of nine, our eyes start to bounce around the page, reading only about a quarter of the words properly, and filling in the gaps by inference. Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.” And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. For a start, it means that there is more to read, because more people than ever are writing. If you time travelled just a few decades into the past, you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom. And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard. Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement. But this advocacy often emphasizes “enthusiastic”, “passionate” or “eager” reading, none of which adjectives suggest slow, quiet absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water. The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change can’t be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading. 65．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin Brown’s opinion? A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 66．The author would probably agree that. A．advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading B．digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection C．the public should be aware of the impact skimming has on neuronal circuits D．the number of Internet readers is declining due to the advances of technology 67．What does the underlined word “tenacious" in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Comprehensive. B．Complicated. C．Determined. D．Apparent. 68．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Slow Reading Is Here to Stay B．Digital Technology Prevents Slow Reading C．Screen vs. Print: Which Requires Deep Reading? D．Reading Is Not a Race: The Wonder of Deep Reading 【答案】65．A 66．B 67．C 68．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。 65. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline，” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.”（对注意力持续时间下降的担忧也不是什么新鲜事。到目前为止，焦虑被证明是虚惊一场。美国作家Selvin Brown写道：“相当多的评论家最近开始担心注意力持续时间，他们认为非常短的故事是文化衰落的标志。从来没有人说过诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据。”）”可推知，作者对Selvin Brown的观点持赞成态度。故选A。 66. 细节理解题。根据第三段“And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard.（数字写作意味着快速释放和反应。一篇在线文章一经发表，就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读的模式可以是互动的和有趣的。但它经常把别人的话当作可以迅速收获的素材，用来说别的东西。每个人都说得比别人多，渴望被别人听到）”可知，作者认同数字写作导致过多的表达，而缺乏足够的思考。故选B。 67. 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The human need for this kind of deep reading is too”以及后文“for any new technology to destroy”可知，too…to…表示“太……以至于不能……”，即人类对这种深度阅读的需求是如此坚定，任何新技术都无法摧毁。故画线词意思是“坚定的”。故选C。 68. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.（实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有消灭纸质书，就像汽车没有消灭自行车一样。我们仍然想要享受缓慢形成的思想和精心选择的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间进行慢速阅读）”可知，文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。因此A选项“慢阅读将会持续下去”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏南通通州·期中） When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent" is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent". We all do! Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not?” (meaning “Have you eaten?”） is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong" or “ungrammatical". The sentence is well­formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 69．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self confidence. B．It misses the real meaning of accents. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It reflects their language levels. 70．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To correct a grammatical mistake. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To justify the use of dialects. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 71．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Seek for an official definition of accents. B．Learn to speak with your local dialect. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 72．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Standard English Is at Risk B．Accents Enhance Our Identities C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Everyone Has an Accent 【答案】69．B 70．C 71．C 72．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“口音和方言”这一主题，阐述对口音和方言的狭隘观念需要被超越，并强调语言差异对于了解人们文化经历和背景的重要性。 69. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.（当我向一些朋友提到我们每个人都有口音时，他们中的大多数都自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。”但这种回答并没有抓住要点”。）”可知，作者认为朋友们的回答并没有理解他提到的“口音”的真正含义，即口音是每个人都有的，而不是只有非标准语言使用者才有。故选B。 70. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten?”） is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong" or “ungrammatical". The sentence is wellformed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different?（每个人也都说一种方言。在语言研究领域，方言是一种语言变体，以其结构、短语和词汇的变化为特征。例如，“You got eat or not？”（意思是“你吃饭了吗？”）在新加坡英语口语中是一个可接受且能被理解的问题。这个表达会让标准美式英语的说话者感到困惑，但这并不意味着新加坡英语口语是“错误的”或“不符合语法的”。根据新加坡英语母语者坚实的语法体系，这个句子结构完整，表达清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就说是错误的呢？）”可知，作者举了新加坡英语口语的例子是为了证明方言使用的合理性，因为方言只是语言的一种变体，有其独特的结构和表达方式，不能仅因为其不同于标准语言就认为是错误的。故选C。 71. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.（我们需要超越对口音和方言的狭隘观念——这对每个人都有好处。这样的语言差异提供了了解人们文化经历和背景的机会。在全球化的时代，一个人的说话方式是其身份的独特组成部分。大多数人都很乐意谈论自己言语背后的文化。我们将更多地了解我们所生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友”。）”可知，作者建议我们要超越对口音和方言的狭隘观念，欣赏口音和方言的价值，因为它们提供了了解人们文化经历和背景的机会。故选C。 72. 主旨大意题。文章第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.（当我向一些朋友提到我们每个人都有口音时，他们中的大多数都自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/中文等说得很标准。”但这种回答并没有抓住要点”。）”引出本文主题，即每个人都有口音，文章接着详细论述了口音和方言的多样性、存在的合理性以及欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会——社会问题与社会现象 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏连云港东海·期中） It’s a wild world out there online, with dis-and misinformation flying around at pace. I’m aware that people’s making things up is not new. But what is new is the influence that troublemakers have. That is obvious in information gathered by the Behavioral Insights Team (BIT). The survey of 2,000 UK adults highlights how confusing the Wild West Web is at present. While 59% of those surveyed by BIT think they can find false information online, only 36% of people were confident that others could find fake news. That’s a problem for two reasons. One is our low confidence in other people’s ability to identify false stories. The other is the gap in insight between our own abilities and those of the public. I doubt that if we measured how well people distinguish disinformation from the truth, it’d be closer to the number of 36% than59%. In short, we tend to think we’re smarter than we are. Don’t believe me? For my first book, YouTubers, I authorized （授权） a survey by YouGov to see how well the public recognized major figures on the platform. The team at YouGov recommended that, I should add someone who didn’t exist among the real names to identify the percentage of people who were lying. A worrying number of people surveyed confidently said they knew the person invented by the team — and knew them well. The BIT recommended governments and social media platforms fight against mis - and disinformation. First among them is to mark false information as soon as it is found, to try and make the public aware before they share. Additionally, platforms should be stricter in how much legal but harmful content they show. Whether any of this will work is tough to say. I’ve been looking at the science alongside studies and surveys like BIT, and every positive intervention （干预） also appears to have its disadvantages. 1. What does “that" in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The wild world. B．The false information. C．The impact of misinformation. D．The information gathered by BIT. 2. Why does the author mention the survey conducted by YouGov? A．To raise our awareness of misinformation. B．To show our ability to find misinformation. C．To display our wisdom to know misinformation. D．To show we’re poor in identifying misinformation. 3. What might the author continue talking about? A．The science he will look at. B．The survey BIT will conduct lately. C．The weaknesses of positive intervention. D．His new book about misinformation. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A science magazine. B．A classic novel. C．A guide plan. D．An exam paper. 主题02 人与社会——旅游观光 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏徐州·期中） Slowing down was the last thing on Elaine Schaefer’s mind when she turned 70 last year. She’d enjoyed an ambitious travel schedule for the previous decade. She didn’t feel too old to travel. Yet many people are asking that slightly embarrassing question: Can you be too old to travel? The travel industry has already responded. Try renting a car in Europe, for example. In Croatia, Schaefer wouldn’t be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities. That feels like a “no” for many travelers. Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It’s their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog. She recalls a 93-year-old who was disabled and traveling alone on a Caribbean tour, “You can’t expect to ask a tour leader to be there for you 24/7 for medical care.” she says. “Tour guides don’t have the time, skills, and knowledge for it. So, in this case, my advice is: he shouldn’t have traveled with us in this situation.” But some tour operators serve older travelers. For example, Grand Circle Travel started in 1958 to serve senior members. “We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.” If you ask travel experts, they’ll tell you that age is just a number. It’s a question of physical, and to a certain extent, mental ability. “Many of our travelers are retired, focused on keeping their good health, and are experienced travelers who have a good idea of what to expect,” says Sara Baer-Sinnott, president of Oldways, a food and nutrition nonprofit that operates tours. “Someone in their 40s may struggle more than someone in their 80s.” 1. What is Schaefer expected to do if she travels in Croatia this year? A．She can rent a car to go around. B．She will receive 24/7 medical care. C．She has to pay more insurance fees. D．She can participate in all the activities. 6. What caused Veldman to disapprove of the 93-year-old’s traveling? A．His old age. B．His stubborn personality. C．His lack of medical skills. D．His poor physical condition. 7. What do we know about Grand Circle Travel? A．It is a non-profit traveling organization. B．It is intended for the senior customers. C．It offers service to a wide range of travelers. D．It has a history of more than seven decades. 8. What is the author’s attitude towards traveling at an old age? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Tolerant. D．Critical. 主题03 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏南通如皋·期中） Failure is a big part of everyone’s life. The problem many of us face, however, is that we automatically equate experiencing failure with being a failure. We view it as something to be ashamed of, or embarrassed about, something to be avoided or hidden. In fact, failure gives us an opportunity to learn, adapt and grow. It should be expected on the way to achieving life goals and used as a feedback mechanism （机制） to get it right next time, or the time after. I recently saw a woman who had to give up studying for her university degree. She had bipolar disorder （躁郁症） and was unable to cope with the pressure of studying. She was studying to be a teacher and had hoped to find a teaching job. However, she failed her exams and job interviews, and overall felt like she was failing to achieve anything. One of the things she enjoyed doing was singing in a band. So in order to earn a bit of money, she began giving singing lessons to children in her community. Fast forward 18 months and she now has her own growing business of teaching singing full-time. She hasn’t achieved this goal in the way she imagined, and she wouldn’t have embarked on this path without the setbacks she encountered. What was it about this woman that made her succeed? Yes, failure had a big part to play, but the ability to bounce back and to be flexible was an important factor. An important part of developing flexibility is having a supportive network. Having relationships with people who can support us helps us go through tough times. Our attitudes toward ourselves are also crucially important, including a sense that we are in control of our actions, have confidence in what we do, realize our strengths and set ourselves achievable and realistic goals. This is all necessary to flexibility. The secret to flexibility lies in accepting that there are things in life we cannot change. Rather than thinking of ourselves as victims, we need to realize we have the ability to change the way we think, behave and, ultimately, feel. Life may throw manure （粪肥） at us, but we can grow roses with it. 9．What do people usually think of failure? A．Shameful. B．Unavoidable. C．Changeable. D．Rewarding. 10．What do paragraphs 3-4 mainly talk about? A．Ways to achieve our goals in life. B．Reflection on how to avoid failure. C．Reasons why failure can’t be avoided. D．An example of turning failure into a chance. 11．What does the author think contributes to the woman’s success? A．His positive mindset. B．Her ability to adapt. C．Her eagerness to learn. D．Her courage and persistence. 12．What is the key to being flexible, according to the author? A．Ignoring what bothers us. B．Keeping improving our abilities. C．Learning to accept failure. D．Setting goals based on our interests. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏常州·期中） I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This theory helps explain the springing up of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high performance. It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business: politics, the army and even the Roman Empire. And it has been much apparent before and during the Olympics, which end in Paris on August 11th. Executives （主管） attend events in which Olympians describe what makes them successful. What can CEOs learn from the world’s best athletes? Actually, there are threads that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires 100% commitment and hard work. Sporting excellence rests on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the platform in Paris are competitive and resilient （适应力强）. It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are cliché （老生常谈）, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting events have clear standards for winning or losing; most jobs lack this. A four-year Olympic cycle building to a match that may last only seconds has few similar examples in business. The athletes who win medals at the games are blessed not just with determination but also natural gifts. The job of managers is partly to discover such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose talents will vary and whose jobs will not depend as heavily on genetics （遗传）. “As soon as I saw that kid log on, I knew he was special.” are words you do not often hear. Whether similarities or differences, these are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple recipe for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster or jump higher than anyone else. They want to hear stories that can have no practical value back in the office. If they can pretend it’s good for their career, so much the better. 13．Why does the author mention the theory in Paragraph 1? A．To prove a point. B．To lead in the topic. C．To present a fact. D．To explain a concept. 14．Why do CEOs turn to Olympians? A．To seek business partners. B．To get the secrets to success. C．To prove the truth of a theory. D．To expand their social circle. 15．What is the author’s attitude to learning from Olympians? A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned. 16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．What can Olympians teach CEOs? B．How do CEOs differ from Olympians? C．What is the recipe for business success? D．Why are Olympians more successful than CEOs? 主题04 人与社会——竞技比赛 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏宿迁·期中） The Chinese delegation’s excellent performance in Paris has carried forward the spirit of Chinese sports, as well as the Olympic spirit. In the quarterfinal match of the men’s table tennis at the 2024 Paris Olympics, Fan Zhendong delivered a dramatic performance that captivated fans worldwide. The match started with Fan Zhendong falling behind 0-2. Zhangbenzhihe capitalized on his aggressive play and precision, almost no mistakes. Then, Fan adjusted tactics quickly, leveling the score at 2-2. This comeback was testament to Fan’s resilience and adaptability. Just when it seemed Fan might seize control of this match, Zhangbenzhihe edged ahead again, bringing the score to 2-3. After a fierce battle, Fan’s unwavering spirit propelled him to equalize once more at 3-3. Fan Zhendong turned the tide and fought until the last ball, ultimately winning 4-3 against the Japanese player Zhangbenzhihe, advancing to the semifinal. This remarkable victory highlighted the sportsmanship of our players. The spirit of sports teaches us that the journey is often more important than the destination. It’s about pushing our limits, testing our endurance, and overcoming obstacles. Whether we’re running the last mile of a marathon, fighting for the final point in a tennis match, or defending our goal in a soccer game, the essence of sports lies in our refusal to surrender. When we face setbacks, it’s easy to feel disheartened. But it’s in these moments that the spirit of sports shines the brightest. It reminds us to dust ourselves off, to stand up taller, and to keep moving forward. Every athlete, at some point, has faced the temptation to quit, but it’s the ones who persevere that write the history of sports. The spirit of sports is not just about winning. It’s about the lessons we learn on the field, the character we build through adversity, and the bonds we forge with our teammates. It’s about the countless hours of practice, the sacrifices we make, and the dreams we chase. It’s about never ever giving up, no matter how tough the challenge may be. So, let’s cheer louder, run faster, and reach higher, for in the heart of every athlete, the flame of determination burns eternally－never ever give up. 17．What does paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A．The Chinese delegation excels at self-discipline. B．The Chinese delegation cares a lot about the medals. C．The Chinese delegation breathes life into the Olympics. D．The Chinese delegation highlights sports spirit in the Olympics. 18．What was the fourth score Fan Zhendong against Zhangbenzhihe? A．4 to 3 B．2 to 2 C．3 to 3 D．2 to 3 19．What can we learn from Fan Zhendong? A．Luck plays a crucial role in winning. B．Opponents are not important in a game. C．Talent is more important than hard work. D．Perseverance and skills contribute to success. 20．What is the essence of sports according to last three paragraphs? A．Never letting go. B．Embracing the victory. C．Throwing in the towel. D．Having a strong constitution. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏连云港东海·期中） There are over 1.3 billion people living with disabilities worldwide, representing about 16 percent of the global population, according to the UN. Despite their numbers, this group is often ignored in society. This is where the Paralympic Games （残奥会） step in — to provide a platform for people’ s support. The Paralympics is not a secondary version of the Olympics but an equal celebration of athletic excellence. Yet, despite its significance, the Paralympics struggle for media attention and audience engagement. Many media organizations, focused on making money, often choose to replay the Olympic broadcasts rather than cover the Paralympic events live. This oversight contributes to a lack of public awareness and understanding of the athletes’ training and achievements. The importance of the Paralympics extends beyond the sports field. For the over 1.3 billion people with disabilities globally, the Paralympics is a vital reminder of the need for recognition and inclusion. The Paralympics have indeed shown this powerful change. Besides, the impact of the Paralympics should not be limited to the event itself.A broader social change is needed to address the challenges faced by people with disabilities daily. This means recognizing people with disabilities not as objects of pity, but as individuals with the same right to participate fully in society. The Paralympics show the Olympic spirit. Through their influence, they challenge us to expand our understanding of beauty, ability, and inclusion. Yet, the Paralympics alone cannot achieve the social change badly needed. It is up to us to see beyond disabilities and recognize the full humanity（人性） of people with disabilities. When the society can understand and include them, the Paralympics will have completed their greatest task: Creating a world where everyone is valued and respected. May the flame of the Paralympics not only light up the stadiums but also fire up global awareness, empathy, and action toward making the world a more inclusive place for everyone. 21．What’s the current situation about the disabled? A．They are treated equally. B．They are frequently neglected. C．People solve the problems timely. D．People show too much pity on them. 22．What does the underlined word “oversight" in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Ignorance. B．Judgement. C．Appeal. D．Challenge. 23．Why is it necessary to host the Paralympic Games? A．To encourage people to exercise. B．To attract people to watch the games. C．To voice people’s opinion on life value. D．To make the disabled valued and respected. 24．What is the best title for the text? A．The Paralympics benefit the world. B．The Paralympics mean more beyond sports. C．The disabled share the same right in events. D．The disabled fulfil their dreams by working hard. 主题05 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏镇江·期中） The small hobby of chocolate is becoming a more costly one. Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. Yet it is bringing little reward to struggling growers. The immediate cause is a bad harvest in West Africa—which produces 70% of the world’s beans—reflecting El Niño-linked weather patterns and disease. Major processing plants in Ghana and Ivory Coast, the main growers, have stopped or reduced operations because they cannot afford the beans. But underlying the crisis are longer-term issues including the climate crisis and the inability of farmers to invest in production due to their low incomes. Many West African growers are being forced out of the business after years of punishingly low returns for their work and—as trees come to the end of their life cycle—often selling land to gold miners, resulting in severe environmental degradation （恶化）. Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again. As serious as the situation looks, the attention demanded by the rocketing price of cocoa, and the introduction of EU Deforestation Regulation offer an opportunity. Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply. The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts. This would help to lift growers out of poverty and, in doing so, tackle other problems. Sustainable production is essential, and will even benefit consumers in the long run. It can’t be achieved by letting the free market run its course. 25．What might be the consequence of rising cocoa prices? A．Some small producers will fail. B．Cocoa farmers will benefit greatly. C．Fewer people will eat chocolate. D．Cocoa production will increase. 26．What will happen if more Latin American farmers plant cocoa? A．Other crops will boost production. B．Cocoa prices will go down. C．The environment will be improved. D．Old cocoa trees will be abandoned. 27．What is the author’s attitude towards the free market approach to cocoa problems? A．Defensive. B．Concerned. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 28．What does the author suggest in order to solve the coco a problem? A．Allowing the free market to work. B．Giving cocoa farmers more freedom. C．Helping cocoa growers out of poverty. D．Promising a steady guaranteed price. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中） I’ve bought many things without thinking too much in my life, but the first one that I found uneasy was a pair of Nike VaporMax shoes. It was in July 2018, and I was mindlessly tapping through Instagram updates while waiting for friends. That’s where I saw the advertisement for the shoes. The order took maybe 15 seconds. Almost as soon as I’d paid, I quickly shook off the excitement that had briefly overtaken me, $190 poorer but with one pair of shoes on their way to my apartment. I had completed some version of the online checkout process a million times before, but never could I remember it being quite so thoughtless. That experience wasn’t the result of any just-to-the-market technology. Instead, a handful of small changes to online shopping had grown into something meaningful: Advertisers were collecting stores of personal information with which to target their advertising. Retailers （零售商） were offering free shipping and free returns on everything — buy now, decide later. The widespread use of online payment shortcuts such as Apple Pay was making it unnecessary to create a new account. “Buy now, pay later” services were beginning to appear at more retailers to soften the blow of spending. In the consumer system, friction refers to anything that slows down a potential buyer on the path toward completing a buying journey. About 70 percent of online shopping carts （购物车） are left unfinished without a sale, which suggests that potential buyers can easily derail their plans to buy. Sometimes, the realization that you’ll need to get up and get your wallet is enough to prevent you from ending up with a new T-shirt. When buying something feels like making a real choice, you have more opportunities to slow down and consider whether it might be the wrong one. Even with the smoothest shopping experience, there’s still the risk of waste, of future inconvenience, of money lost in the fine print. Frictionless shopping might be convenient, in a sense, but it’s a bad system for making good decisions. 29．What happened after the author paid for the pair of Nike shoes? A．He felt a bit regretful. B．He decided to live a healthy life. C．He became very picky about shoes. D．He shared his excitement with his friends. 30．What aspect of online shopping is mainly stressed in paragraph 3? A．Its variety. B．Its convenience. C．Its personalization. D．Its competitive pricing. 31．What does the underlined word “derail" in paragraph 4 mean? A．Make. B．Show. C．Discuss. D．Stop. 32．What advice does the author probably give in the last paragraph? A．Shop online to save time. B．Only shop online for future use. C．Save money by shopping online. D．Think twice before shopping online. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡·期中） In recent years, aggression on social media has become commonplace. More than half of the victims said they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator （作恶者）. Most people agree that the anonymity （匿名） of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing （骚扰） behavior. Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human nature? Are we-at our core-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app ear to be growing. The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human nature. As an evolutionary anthropologist, I have spent years researching our transformation as a species. Over the past two million years, we have evolved from groups of apelike beings armed with sticks and stones to the creators of cars, rockets, and nations. Our bigger brains have allowed us to bond and cooperate in more complex and diverse ways than any other animal. Meanwhile, “you are whom you meet.” How we perceive, experience, and act in the world is shaped by who and what surround us on a daily basis. This process has deep evolutionary roots and gives humans what we call a shared reality. I would argue that the rise in online aggression is a product of our evolutionary social skills, the social media boom, and the specific political, economic and social context where we find ourselves. This explosive combination has opened up a space for increasingly more people to fan the flames of aggression and insult online. Aggressive behavior-especially to those you don’t have to confront face-to-face-is easier than it’s ever been. And for the aggressor, there are often no consequences. Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both. 33．What does the underlined word “that" in paragraph two refer to? A．Hate crimes on the rise. B．Growing political divisions. C．Considerable online bitterness. D．The transformation of humans. 34．What’s the author’s attitude toward social media? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Ironic. 35．What does the author propose to address the issue of growing aggression? A．Embracing our aggressive nature to compete in today’s world. B．Strengthening laws to hold perpetrators responsible for their online actions. C．Promoting positive behaviors and interactions in both real-life and digital spaces. D．Focusing only on reducing anonymity on the internet to reduce offensive behavior. 36．What is mainly discussed in this passage? A．The impact of social media on society. B．The influence of evolution on our behavior. C．The reasons behind rising online aggression. D．The factors in the social media development. 主题06 人与自我——日常生活 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏高邮·期中） “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade （柠檬水）.” It is a good saying, but life throws at us more serious problems than lemons, doesn’t it? What do we do when we lose a family member? What do we do when we have been through events that leave us feelings? Can any failure be turned into success? Most of us realize we can learn one or two things from failure. When we fail, we think, “Well, I won’t try that again! ”or “I won’t trust anyone again! ”But this is not useful learning. It is suggested that we ask challenging questions. For example, “How could I try that again?” There are a lot we can learn and get from failure if we keep asking good questions on how to do better next time. Failure or pain can be good for developing our character if we choose to face it in a positive way. Our own suffering often makes us understand others better. It can give us wisdom or knowledge to share with others, which can prevent them from similar failure. If we have been hurt by others because of another person’s poor character, it may improve us to be better persons. Failures can make us experience many things that we didn’t experience before. If you lose your job, it doesn’t mean you lose everything and probably you may get more. As we know, no job often leads to self employment; no job has been the beginning of many highly successful businesses. It is common that we don’t like changing, but change, even unfortunate change, brings new opportunities. Sometimes only failure brings us better opportunities or greater success. 37．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means that ________. A．any lemons can be made into lemonade B．problems always bring us lots of trouble C．problems can never be avoided in our life D．failure can also be turned into a success 38．The 2nd paragraph mainly tells us that ________. A．We should learn more when we fail B．We must be careful to trust anyone C．We must ask questions when we fail D．We should deal with failure positively 39．According to the writer, if you were hurt by another person, you should ________. A．avoid hurting others in the same way B．find a better way to hurt him bravely C．try to prevent him from hurting others D．thank him for making you more perfect 40．What is the best title of the passage? A．Failure Decides success B．Failure Creates Opportunities C．Failure Brings Everything D．Failure Makes a Perfect Person 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡辅仁高级中学·期中） Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was not enough, the science uncertain? They even thought that the anti-smoking group was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way. Lots of Americans believed that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting similarities today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was an expert group from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the introduction to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.” Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring smoke into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a careful people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to ask for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”. To serve as responsible keepers of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative （立法的） action, Congress should help to begin taking conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial awards for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally friendly. 41．What statement did the supporters of smoking agree to? A．Smoking led to death. B．People had the freedom to choose their own way of life. C．The number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was small. D．Anti-smoking people were usually talking nonsense. 42．According to Bruce Alberts, science can be ________. A．a guide B．a judge C．a critic D．a protector 43．According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming? A．Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. B．Take some legislative measures. C．Press for further scientific research. D．Raise public awareness of conservation. 44．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The influence of smoking. B．The measures of prohibiting smoking. C．The global warming and smoking. D．The benefits of protecting our environment. 主题02 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏常州中学·期中） Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing". It may help them prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for the worst while waiting for potentially negative outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work. Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations. But other psychological theories undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorized and scientifically established – that expectations can powerfully influence reality. There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality. First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance. In fact, the interviewer did not want to give anything away. Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be better to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst. 45．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The logic of preparing for the worst. B．The theory of comparing past and future. C．The conflict between people’s expectation and reality. D．The emotions hidden behind anticipating the worst. 46．What does the underlined word “undermine” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Strengthen. B．Determine. C．Oppose. D．Justify. 47．How can negative expectations probably affect people’s performance in reality? A．By resulting in unnecessary time waste. B．By promoting people’s ambition and motivation. C．By giving weight to people’s potential of excellence. D．By causing less preparation and some misinterpretations. 48．What is the author’s attitude toward bracing for the worst? A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Approving. 主题03 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏扬州中学·期中） How AI will transform education is very important to schools such as mine, teachers such as me, and hardworking care-givers such as the parents in my community. Could AI get our children to grasp new concepts and skills? Might AI be better equipped to help them exploit their own intelligence? After a few days watching my children use artificial intelligence-based learning tools, I can tell you the short answer is NO. Human intelligence is different from the computer’s. For one, human intelligence can not be measured. The brain is plastic, always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence relies on human interaction. Exercising our intelligence is something we do naturally as we connect with others, consider the world around us and seek to improve our relationship to that world. In education, there has been a movement toward social-emotional and problem-based learning. So educators attempt to motivate interest in subjects and skills by turning learning moments into communal （共有的） problem-solving events. When we combine analytical learning with social- emotional learning, students become mastered in the material we want them to know and get more excited about the learning process. Using AI looks very different from this. AI learning often involves an individual working alone with a computer program. It can crowd source information to help students find facts about their environment, solve a problem and come up with a creative way forward. But AI doesn’t force students to think through or keep anything. And simply being fed facts and information is not the same as “learning". It is fascinating to imagine that AI might cure what annoys us. Many parents don’t have the resources-in time, money or energy—to teach their kids at home. If AI could fill the gaps, how great, right? Yet the nature of AI “teaching" as it currently exists means that students merely level up without learning. When it comes to developing intelligence, nothing can beat what we humans have been doing, face to face, for centuries. 49．What do we know about human intelligence according to paragraph 2? A．It is measured easily B．It is of great significance C．It is related to education D．It is changeable and interactive 50．What can be inferred about AI learning from paragraph 4? A．It is widely used at school. B．It makes no difference to education. C．It helps develop students’ intelligence D．It does little help with students’ true learning. 51．What is the author’s attitude to AI learning? A．Unclear B．Neutral C．Disapproving D．Favorable 52．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Could AI Really Teach Students B．Should students Use AI Frequently C．How Students Use AI in Their Study D．How Teachers Interact with Students 主题04 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏锡山高级中学·期中） Sanding on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock. I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I’m not a rock. I’m a human-being filled with all the drama built into my DNA． Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and net rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can.” But the guy tried to argue about the note. I sat watching. understanding both sides. I’ve been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others’ eyes, and thus the possibility of finding content and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again. 53．What does the author compare the rocks to? A．People with varied personalities. B．DNA unique to each person. C．Challenges that we come across. D．Our abilities that grows with time. 54．What caused the argument in the restaurant? A．Lack of clarity in the sign. B．The owner’s inappropriate attitude. C．Demanding restaurant requests. D．The guy’s failing to obey the rules. 55．Which best describes the author’s attitude toward the world when he was young? A．Respectful. B．Aggressive. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant. 56．What does the author try to convey through this text? A．We should adjust ourselves to new conditions. B．Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. C．It’s necessary to obey the rules in public spaces. D．Being open and understanding brings satisfaction. 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏无锡江阴·期中） Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace my job? This is a question that many people think about these days. At present, the application of AI robotics in professional fields, as well as ChatGPT’s abilities to write essays, solve complex problems and more, have heightened moral concerns. Some people see AI as the ultimate cure for society’s most fundamental problems, while others fear that AI will overtake human intelligence. These two views are based on the assumption that AI is better and smarter than humanity and may ultimately replace human decision-making. But given the fact that technology is the product of human civilization, the challenge from AI is something we have created for ourselves as we keep pushing our own boundaries. In other words, AI’s progress, functions and future direction are all determined by the human brain. Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster. The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown. 57．Why are some people concerned about AI? A．It may outsmart humans. B．It has led to social problems. C．It has been applied widely. D．It is the product of humanity. 58．How can we prevent AI’s potential threat? A．By stirring emotions. B．By blocking functions. C．By setting restrictions. D．By changing regulations. 59．What does the underlined word “irreversible" in the last paragraph mean? A．Undesirable. B．Unavoidable. C．Unpredictable. D．Unbelievable. 60．What does the writer suggest readers do with the coming of the AI era? A．Accept it passively. B．Deal with it positively. C．Respond to it randomly. D．Defend it unconditionally. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏海安中学·期中） While Matt Damon relied on potatoes cultivated in biowaste to survive in the hit film The Martian, the researchers say it is a humble desert moss（藓类） that might prove crucial to establishing life on Mars. Scientists in China say they have found Syntrichia caninervis — a moss found in the Antarctic and desert — is able to bear Mars - like conditions, including drought, high levels of radiation and extreme cold. The moss was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions after spending up to five years at - 80℃ and up to 30 days at - 196℃, and after exposure to gamma rays, with doses of around 500Gy even promoting new growth. The team then created a set-up that had similar pressures, temperatures, gases and UV radiation to Mars. It found the moss survived in this Mars-like environment, and was able to regenerate under normal growth conditions, even after seven days of exposure. “These experiments represent an important first step, but they do not show that the moss could be a significant source of oxygen under Martian conditions, nor do they show that the desert moss could reproduce in the Martian context，” McDaniel said. “Implying that moss, or any other pioneering species, is ready to terraform（行星地球化） Mars, or any other outer planet, is an overstatement.” Zupanska added. Dr. Wiger of Wageningen University, also raised concerns, including that temperatures on the red planet rarely got above freezing, making outdoor plant growth impossible, while the new study did not use Mars - like soil. “The mosses were treated under Mars circumstances for a maximum of several days and then regrown under Earth conditions on sand,” he said. “This, of course, doesn’t show at all they can grow under Mars conditions.” However, Prof. Edward Guinan of Villanova University in the US described the study as impressive. “This extremotolerant moss could promise to be a pioneer plant for Mars colonization,” he said, although he noted the moss would need water to grow. “We have a lot of things to do,” he said. “But this lowly desert moss offers hope for making small portions of Mars habitable for humankind in the future.” 61．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the potatoes? A．The potatoes played a crucial role in the film. B．The moss led to survival of the potatoes on Mars. C．The moss may survive on Mars like these potatoes. D．The success of the film resulted from the plot about potatoes. 62．What can be implied from what McDaniel and Zupanska said? A．The moss has a long way to be a Martian plant. B．It is unlikely that the earth species can grow on Mars. C．The experiments about the moss were a complete success. D．They will research into reproducing the moss in the Martian context. 63．Which one is right about the characteristic of the moss in the text? A．Resistant to water. B．Adaptable to Martian soil. C．Capable of producing oxygen on Mars. D．Regenerative under Earth condition. 64．What is the main idea of the text? A．Can Mars actually become a second Earth? B．Can scientists create a set-up similar to Mars? C．Can a moss become a pioneer living on Mars? D．Can researchers make it to Mars colonization? 主题06 人与社会——社会现象与社会问题 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·江苏扬州邗江中学·期中） Technology seems to discourage slow, immersive reading. Reading on a screen, particularly a phone screen, tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list-like than print. The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new norm" of skim reading is producing “an invisible, game-changing transformation” in how readers process words. The neuronal circuit that sustains the brain’s capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis. We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully. From about the age of nine, our eyes start to bounce around the page, reading only about a quarter of the words properly, and filling in the gaps by inference. Nor is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.” And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. For a start, it means that there is more to read, because more people than ever are writing. If you time travelled just a few decades into the past, you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom. And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other people’s words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard. Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement. But this advocacy often emphasizes “enthusiastic”, “passionate” or “eager” reading, none of which adjectives suggest slow, quiet absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water. The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change can’t be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading. 65．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin Brown’s opinion? A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 66．The author would probably agree that. A．advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading B．digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflection C．the public should be aware of the impact skimming has on neuronal circuits D．the number of Internet readers is declining due to the advances of technology 67．What does the underlined word “tenacious" in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Comprehensive. B．Complicated. C．Determined. D．Apparent. 68．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Slow Reading Is Here to Stay B．Digital Technology Prevents Slow Reading C．Screen vs. Print: Which Requires Deep Reading? D．Reading Is Not a Race: The Wonder of Deep Reading Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江苏南通通州·期中） When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese, etc.” But this kind of response misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent" is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent". We all do! Every person speaks a dialect, too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not?” (meaning “Have you eaten?”） is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong" or “ungrammatical". The sentence is well­formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 69．What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self confidence. B．It misses the real meaning of accents. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It reflects their language levels. 70．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To correct a grammatical mistake. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To justify the use of dialects. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 71．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Seek for an official definition of accents. B．Learn to speak with your local dialect. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 72．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Standard English Is at Risk B．Accents Enhance Our Identities C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Everyone Has an Accent / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$