Unit 1 When was it invented 一般过去时的被动语态（单元核心语法精练）英语鲁教版五四学制九年级全一册

Unit 1 When was it invented ? 核心语法精练（一般过去时的被动语态的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 被动语态（二） 概念:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，主语是动作的承受者。 句型结构: 1.肯定句:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 He was chosen to work for the village. 他被选上为这个村庄工作。 2.否定句:主语+was/ were + not+及物动词的过去分词十其他。 He wasn't chosen to work for the village. 他没有被选上为这个村庄工作。 3.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+was/were + not. —Was he chosen to work for the village? 他被选上为这个村庄工作了吗? —Yes, he was./No, he wasn't. 是的,他被选上了。/不,他没被选上。 4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他? When was the picture taken? 这张照片是什么时候拍的? ★注意 1.主动句中若有双宾语,则将其中一个宾语作为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。[动词make,buy,get的间接宾语(指人)前用for;动词give,send, lend则用to。 2.不使用被动语态的几种情况: (1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用被动语态,如:die, happen, take place等; (2)感官动词、某些系动词没有被动语态,如:feel, become, look, seem等; (3)有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。 一、单项选择 1．—Tom, why didn’t you go to Wilson’s birthday party yesterday? —I wanted to go, but I ________. A．wasn’t invited B．haven’t invited C．didn’t invite D．am not invited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你昨天为什么没去威尔逊的生日派对？——我想去，但我没被邀请。 考查动词时态和被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知，动作发生在过去，且“我”和“邀请”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语I为单数，故be动词用was，否定形式为wasn’t，后接过去分词invited。故选A。 2．The Water Festival ______ in Xishuangbanna from April 13th to 15th this year. Everyone had fun there. A．celebrate B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今年4月13日至15日，西双版纳庆祝了泼水节。大家在那里玩得很开心。   考查动词时态和语态。celebrate庆祝，一般现在时；celebrated庆祝了，一般过去时；is celebrated被庆祝，一般现在时的被动语态；was celebrated被庆祝了，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“this year”和“had fun”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，且主语“The Water Festival”与动词之间是被动关系。故选D。 3．Since the English corner ______ up last month, we have organized six activities. A．has been set B．is set C．was set D．will be set 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从上个月英语角成立以来，我们已经组织了六次活动。 考查句子时态。has been set现在完成时的被动语态；is set一般现在时的被动语态；was set一般过去时的被动语态；will be set一般将来时的被动语态。“since”引导的从句表示动作的起点，主句用现在完成时have + 过去分词，从句通常用一般过去时，表示过去发生的具体动作。从句中有明确的时间状语“last month”（上个月），强调动作发生在过去，因此从句需用一般过去时。故选C。 4．In our last chemistry class, we ________ to follow the rules strictly so that we could finish the project safely in the laboratory. A．tell B．told C．are told D．were told 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在我们最后一堂化学课上，我们被告知要严格遵守规则，这样我们才能在实验室安全地完成项目。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语we与动词tell存在被动关系；再根据“could”可知，时态为一般过去时，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done；主语为we，助动词应用were。故选D。 5．The Fifth Mentougou District High School English Drama Festival ________ in December, 2024. A．held B．will hold C．was held D．will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：第五届门头沟区高中英语戏剧节于2024年12月举行。 考查时态及语态。根据“in December, 2024”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语“The Fifth Mentougou District High School English Drama Festival”与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。故选C。 6．According to the Chinese historical story, tea ________ by Shen Nong about 5,000 years ago. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 【答案】D 【详解】句意：根据中国的历史故事，茶是由神农在大约5000年前发明的。 考查动词的时态。主语tea与谓语invent之间是被动关系，结合“5,000 years ago”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是was/were done。故选D。 7．The book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, ________ by Mark Twain many years ago. A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．was written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《汤姆·索亚历险记》是马克·吐温许多年前写的。 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据“many years ago”可知，此句时态为一般过去时。主语The book与动词write是逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。此句用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were done。主语为第三人称单数的The book，be动词用was；write的过去分词为written。故选D。 8．This book ________ into several languages last year. A．translates B．translated C．is translated D．was translated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这本书去年被翻译成几种语言。 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“last year”可知时态为一般过去时；“this book”和“translate”之间是被动关系，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用“was”。故选D。 9．Our team lost! We ________ by the other team. A．beat B．will beat C．have beaten D．were beaten 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们队输了！我们被另一个队打败了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Our team lost! We…the other team.”可知，此处指的是我们被另一个队打败了，we与动词beat之间是被动关系，结合“lost”可知，描述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），故选D。 10．— How delicious the cake is! — Thanks. It ________ by my mother last night. A．makes B．made C．was made D．is made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——蛋糕多么好吃啊！——谢谢，是我妈妈昨晚做的。 考查时态和语态。根据“by my mother”可知用被动语态，再由“last night”可知句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were + 动词过去分词”。故选C。 11．Lots of trees and flowers ________ in my city in order to make it more beautiful last year. A．were planted B．was planted C．planted D．have planted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了让我的城市更美丽，去年种了很多树和花。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last year”可知，这句话应用一般过去时，主语“lots of trees and flowers”是复数形式，与动词之间是被动关系，结构为were done。故选A。 12．The light bulb ________ by Thomas Edison in 1879. A．is invented B．invented C．invents D．was invented 【答案】D 【详解】句意：电灯是在1879年由托马斯·爱迪生发明的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“The light bulb”可知，主语“The light bulb”应该是被发明，所以用被动语态。 “发明电灯泡”的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故选D。 13．Students ________ to read the text carefully before they answered the questions. A．ask B．asked C．were asked D．are asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生们被要求在回答问题之前仔细阅读课文。 考查时态和语态。主语“Students”与动词ask之间是动宾关系，结合“answered”可知用一般过去时的被动语态were asked。故选C。 14．—Who is the baby in the photo? —It’s me. The photo ________ fourteen years ago. A．was taken B．has taken C．is taken D．will take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——照片里的婴儿是谁？——是我。这张照片是14年前拍的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语The photo是动作take的承受者，结合“fourteen years ago”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done。故选A。 15．Mary ________ to the party. She went to the concert with her sister instead. A．invited B．was invited C．didn’t invite D．wasn’t invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：玛丽没有被邀请参加聚会。她和姐姐一起去听音乐会了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语Mary是动词invite“邀请”的承受者，根据“She went to the concert with her sister instead.”可知，玛丽没参加聚会，本句时态为一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done。故选D。 二、根据所给词的适当形式填空 1．Paper (invent) in ancient China more than 2000 years ago. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：纸是在2000多年前的古代中国被发明的。根据“more than 2000 years ago.”可知，句子时态是一般过去时。根据“Paper”和“invent”可知，两者是被动关系，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Paper是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was invented。 2．The Chinese poem into English and many foreigners spoke highly of it. (translate） 【答案】was translated 【详解】句意：这首中国诗被译成英文，得到许多外国人的高度评价。根据句中的spoke一词可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语The Chinese poem和谓语动词translate之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态， 一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用was，translate的过去分词是translated。故填was translated。 3．Students into to two teams before they started the basketball game. (divide) 【答案】were divided 【详解】句意：篮球比赛开始前，学生们被分成两队。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语是复数，be动词用were，故填were divided。 4．This point (not mention) at the meeting last week. 【答案】wasn’t mentioned 【详解】句意：这一点在上周的会议上没有被提及。根据“last week”可判断该句是一般过去时，“This point”是单数名词，且与“mention”之间存在被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasn’t mentioned。 5．This novel (write) by Lu Xun. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意：这个小说是由鲁迅创作的。根据This novel“这个小说”和write“写”之间是被动关系，且根据作家“Lu Xun”可知，时态用一般过去时，故使用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+动词过去分词；由于主语是“This novel”单数，故be动词用was，write的过去分词是written。故填was written。 6．Tea (bring) to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries. 【答案】was brought 【详解】句意：茶在6世纪和7世纪被带到韩国。主语tea与动词bring之间是被动关系，结合“during the 6th and 7th centuries”可知，此句是一般过去时，所以此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，tea是不可数名词，be动词用was。故填was brought。 7．Many flowers (plant) last year in our school. Now our school looks really nice. 【答案】were planted 【详解】句意：去年我们学校种了许多花。现在我们的学校看起来真的很好看。根据“last year”可知时态是一般过去时，主语Many flowers为复数，与动词plant之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“were done”，plant过去分词为planted。故填were planted。 8．He (punish) because he broke the rules. 【答案】was punished 【详解】句意：他因为违反规定被惩罚了。 根据“because he broke the rules”可知，“broke”是过去式，表明动作发生在过去，且“he”和“punish”是被动关系，即他被惩罚，主语为三单，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态“was punished”。故填was punished。 9．How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they (take). 【答案】were taken 【详解】句意：这些照片多美啊！我想知道它们是在哪里拍摄的。根据“How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they...”以及备选词汇可知，照片是过去被拍摄的，此处需用被动语态“were taken”作谓语，表示“被拍摄”。故填were taken。 10．The stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago. 【答案】was built 【详解】句意：这座石桥建于800多年前。主语是“The stone bridge”，应该是“被建”，结合“over 800 years ago”可知，该句考查一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”，主语是单数，be动词填was。故填was built。 三、完成句子 1．上周，李华被邀请参加学校的旅游知识竞赛。 Last week, Li Hua to join in a travel quiz show at school. 【答案】 was invited 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“被邀请”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，主语“Li Hua”和动词“invite”是被动关系；又根据“Last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以这里是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done；主语为“Li Hua”，be动词用was，动词invite的过去分词为invited。故填was；invited。 2．这些树是去年我爷爷种的。 The trees by my grandfather last year. 【答案】 were planted 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，plant“种植”，句子主语“The trees”与谓语是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，应填were planted。故填were；planted。 3．拉链是什么时候发明的？ When the zipper ? 【答案】 was invented 【详解】对比中英文句子可知，本句缺少“发明”的英文表达，invent“发明”。本句时态为一般过去时，主语the zipper是动作invent的承受者，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是the zipper，be动词要用was。故填was；invented。 4．最著名的民间音乐之一《二泉映月》是由阿炳写成的。 One of the most famous folk music Erquan Yingyue by Abing. 【答案】 was written 【详解】write表示“写”，根据“by Abing”可知此处是被动语态，写音乐发生在过去，用一般过去时，因此是一般过去时的被动语态，one of作主语，be动词用was，write过去分词为written。故填was；written。 5．上周五下午，我们学校举办了一场国际文化日活动。 Last Friday afternoon, an International Culture Day at our school. 【答案】 was held 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处为“举办”hold，根据“Last Friday afternoon”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，由于句子主语为an International Culture Day，其和hold为被动关系，故此处应用be done的结构，由于主语为三单，故be动词用was，hold的过去分词为held。故填was；held。 6．这座著名的桥建于300多年前。 The famous bridge more than 300 years ago. 【答案】 was built 【详解】句意：这座桥是300多年以前建造的。对照中英文可知，空格处缺少“建造”的表达，build“建造”，句子主语“The famous bridge”和谓语之间是被动关系，同时根据“more than 300 years ago”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+done，主语为单数，be用was。故填was；built。 7．据报道：2023 年2月6 日在土耳其发生了地震。 It that an earthquake hit Turkey on February 6th, 2023. 【答案】 was reported 【详解】表达“据报道”用固定句式it is reported，是被动语态；再结合时间状语“on February 6th, 2023”可知，事情发生在2023年2月6日，用一般过去时，主语是“It它”，所以be动词用was。 故填was；reported。 8．上周，我们学校举行了趣味运动会。 Last week, a fun sports meeting in our school. 【答案】 was held 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处应填“举行”。hold表示“举行”，动词和主语之间是被动关系，结合句意可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was；held。 9．你知道茶是被偶然发明的吗? Do you know that tea by accident? 【答案】 was invented 【详解】根据所给汉语提示可知空格处表示的应是“被发明”be invented，且根据常识可知发明茶是在过去，故此处要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“tea”是不可数名词，故要用was invented。故填was；invented。 10．因为疫情学校运动会被推迟了。 Because of COVID-19, the school sports meeting was . 【答案】 put off 【详解】动词短语put off表示“推迟”，主语the school sports meeting与谓语动词put off之间是被动关系，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，put的过去分词为put。故填put；off。 一、完形填空 Many of the most useful things around us were invented by mistake. Believe it or not, such 1 as the Velcro TM strip (维可牢尼龙搭扣), potato chips and tea were accidents. The Velcro TM strip was 2 in Austria by a mountaineer called George de Mestral, and one day in 1949, when he took his dog for a walk, the dog 3 many burrs (芒). George tried to pull them out without much success. 4 he got home, he put one of the burrs under his microscope and saw that it was covered in tiny hooks (钩) which made it so 5 to remove the burrs from his dog. This gave him the 6 , and soon Velcro TM strip was born. The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum, a 7 who worked in a restaurant in America. One day, a customer in the restaurant sent back 8 plate of fried potatoes because they were cut too 9 . George was so angry that he cut a potato into very thin slices and fried them. Then he put lots of salt on them. He 10 that the customer would hate them, but the customer loved them and asked for more. The most 11 drink in the world, after water of course, is tea. It’s another common thing that was invented 12 . It was invented in China around 5,000 years ago by a Chinese emperor called Shen Nong. The emperor was 13 water to drink over an open fire when some leaves fell into the water from a nearby plant. The emperor 14 that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. He tasted the hot water and found it was quite delicious. And this is the 15 that tea was invented. 1．A．persons B．things C．mistakes D．plants 2．A．used B．shared C．sold D．invented 3．A．mixed up B．cleaned up C．picked up D．put up 4．A．Until B．Although C．Before D．When 5．A．nervous B．difficult C．dangerous D．boring 6．A．advice B．hope C．test D．idea 7．A．cook B．waiter C．cleaner D．manager 8．A．his B．their C．its D．your 9．A．small B．big C．thick D．thin 10．A．thought B．regretted C．imagined D．explained 11．A．expensive B．popular C．interesting D．delicious 12．A．gradually B．directly C．accidentally D．suddenly 13．A．pouring B．boiling C．bringing D．using 14．A．noticed B．ordered C．knew D．said 15．A．place B．plan C．time D．way 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 【解析】本文介绍了一些因意外发明的事物，如维可牢尼龙搭扣、薯片和茶，并讲述了其发明过程。 1．句意：信不信由你，像维可牢尼龙搭扣、薯片和茶这样的东西都是意外发明的。   persons人；things事物；mistakes错误；plants植物。根据“such...as the Velcro TM strip, potato chips and tea”可知，下文列举的都是事物，故选B。 2．句意：维可牢尼龙搭扣是在奥地利由一位名叫乔治・德・梅斯特拉尔的登山者发明的。   used使用；shared分享；sold售卖；invented发明。根据“when he took his dog for a walk,”可知，下文讲述了尼龙搭扣发明的过程，故选D。 3．句意：1949年的一天，当他带着狗去散步时，狗沾上了许多芒刺。   mixed up混合；cleaned up清理；picked up沾上；put up张贴。根据“George tried to pull them out”可知，下文提到乔治试着把芒刺拽下来，故此处指狗沾上了芒刺，故选C。 4．句意：当他回到家，他把其中一根芒刺放在显微镜下观察，发现它布满了微小的钩子，这使得把芒刺从他的狗身上弄下来变得非常困难。 Until直到；Although尽管；Before在……之前；When当……时候。根据“he got home”可知，此处指当他回到家时，故选D。 5．句意：当他回到家，他把其中一根芒刺放在显微镜下观察，发现它布满了微小的钩子，这使得把芒刺从他的狗身上弄下来变得非常困难。 nervous紧张的；difficult困难的；dangerous危险的；boring无聊的。根据“George tried to pull them out without much success.”可知，移除芒刺是困难的，故选B。 6．句意：这给了他这个想法，很快维可牢尼龙搭扣就诞生了。 advice建议；hope希望；test测试；idea想法。根据“soon Velcro TM strip was born”可知，此处指观察芒刺让乔治产生了发明尼龙搭扣的想法，故选D。 7．句意：薯片是1853年由在美国一家餐厅工作的厨师乔治・克伦发明的。   cook厨师；waiter服务员；cleaner清洁工；manager经理。根据“George was so angry that he cut a potato into very thin slices and fried them. Then he put lots of salt on them.”可知，乔治的工作是厨师，故选A。 8．句意：一天，餐厅里的一位顾客退回了他的一盘炸土豆，因为它们切得太厚了。   his他的；their他们的；its它的；your你的。根据“plate of fried potatoes”可知，这里指顾客退回自己的盘子，customer是单数，用his，故选A。 9．句意：一天，餐厅里的一位顾客退回了他的一盘炸土豆，因为它们切得太厚了。 small小的；big大的；thick厚的；thin薄的。根据“He cut a potato into very thin slices”可知，他把土豆切得很细，说明之前切得厚，顾客不满意，故选C。 10．句意：他认为顾客会讨厌它们，但顾客很喜欢并要求再来一些。   thought认为；regretted后悔；imagined想象；explained解释。根据“the customer would hate them,”可知，此处表示他的想法，他认为顾客会不喜欢切得很细的土豆，故选A。 11．句意：世界上除了水之外最受欢迎的饮品是茶。   expensive昂贵的；popular受欢迎的；interesting有趣的；delicious美味的。根据“drink in the world, after water of course, is tea”并结合常识可知，茶应该是被人们广泛接受的，也就是受欢迎的，故选B。 12．句意：它是另一种偶然被发明出来的常见物品。   gradually逐渐地；directly直接地；accidentally偶然地；suddenly突然地。根据“Many of the most useful things around us were invented by mistake.”并结合下文可知，茶也是偶然发明，故选C。 13．句意：当一些树叶从附近的植物掉进水里时，这位帝王正在烧水煮水喝。   pouring倾倒；boiling煮；bringing带来；using使用。根据“He tasted the hot water”可知，下文提到喝的是热水，故此处是烧水，故选B。 14．句意：这位帝王注意到水中的树叶散发出宜人的气味。   noticed注意到；ordered命令；knew知道；said说。根据“the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell”可知，此处是注意到茶叶的气味，故选A。 15．句意：这就是茶被发明的方式。   place地方；plan计划；time时间；way方式。根据“tea was invented.”可知，这里说这是发明茶的方式，故选D。 二、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 In our daily lives, we often keep electrical appliances (电器) plugged in (插入电源) even though we don’t use them. This small habit can waste a lot of energy. But this problem can be solved by smart plugs! A smart plug is a small thing that you can connect between your wall socket and any electrical appliance, like a TV, a computer, or a light. It’s really easy to use, with the help of an app on the phone, you can control the power of the plugged-in electrical appliances anywhere. For example, if you forget to turn off the lights before leaving home, you can just use the app to turn them off. One of the best things about smart plugs is that they can detect when an electrical appliance is not in use but still connected. When you’re not using your game box but it’s still plugged in, the smart plug can cut off the power, so no energy is wasted. Using smart plugs can save a lot of electricity. In fact, studies show that a family can save up to 10% on their electricity bill each month by using smart plugs. This not only helps you save money but also reduces the need to produce more electricity, which is good for the environment. Smart plugs also have some problems. They are much more expensive than normal ones. Also, they need a stable (稳定的) internet connection. If the Wi-Fi is poor, they may not work well. In a word, smart plugs are simple and useful. They make our lives more energy-efficient (高能效的). Using smart plugs is a small step towards a greener future. 16．How can you control a smart plug? _____________________________________________________________ 17．What can a smart plug do when an appliance is not in use but still plugged in? _________________________________________________________________________ 18．How much can a family save on electricity bill each month by using smart plugs? ___________________________________________________________________________ 19．What problem do smart plugs have? (写出一个答案即可) ______________________________________________________________________ 20．Do you think smart plugs will become popular in the future? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】16．By using an app on the phone. 17．It can cut off the power. 18．Up to 10%. 19．They need a stable internet connection. 20．Yes, I think smart plugs will become popular in the future. Because they can help people save energy and money, and they are also good for the environment. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能插头的作用、优点、存在的问题以及未来展望。智能插头可以帮助人们更有效地管理电器用电，节省能源和金钱，同时也对环境有益。 16．根据“It’s really easy to use, with the help of an app on the phone, you can control the power of the plugged-in electrical appliances anywhere.”可知，在手机的帮助下，你可以在任何地方控制插上电源的电器的电源。故填By using an app on the phone. 17．根据“When you’re not using your game box but it’s still plugged in, the smart plug can cut off the power, so no energy is wasted.”可知，当你没有使用游戏盒但它仍然插着时，智能插头可以切断电源，这样就不会浪费能源。故填It can cut off the power. 18．根据“In fact, studies show that a family can save up to 10% on their electricity bill each month by using smart plugs.”可知，事实上，研究表明，一个家庭每月使用智能插头可以节省高达10%的电费。故填Up to 10%. 19．根据“Smart plugs also have some problems. They are much more expensive than normal ones. Also, they need a stable (稳定的) internet connection. If the Wi-Fi is poor, they may not work well.”可知，智能插头也有一些问题。它们比普通的贵得多。此外，它们需要稳定的互联网连接。如果Wi-Fi信号不好，它们可能无法正常工作。故填They need a stable internet connection. 20．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为Yes, I think smart plugs will become popular in the future. Because they can help people save energy and money, and they are also good for the environment. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Global (全球) AI Device (设备) Expo (博览会) 2025 21 (official) opened in Shenzhen on Thursday, May 22nd. The event shows over 1,000 AI products and 22 (technology), including smartphones, PCs, smart glasses, and so on. Industry leaders such as Huawei, Honor, and ZTE 23 (introduce) a wave of newly developed AI devices. There were also meetings on hot AI robotics topics. As a main 24 (nation) innovation (创新) center, Shenzhen has many advantages for developing the AI industry. The city 25 (lead) China in Research & Development, making up 23.4% of country’s smartphone production, 57.2% of smartwatches, and 24.1% of industrial robots. Fan Qin, General Manager of Doctor Glasses, told the 26 (report), “With strong support from the Shenzhen government and development in AI and AR technologies, alongside high customer acceptance, I am very confident 27 the future of the smart glasses industry.” Artemey Melnikov, a visitor from Belarus, played a game of chess with a robot produced by China’s Sense Time during 28 expo. “This is my 29 (one) time playing chess against a robot,” he said. “It noticed my mistakes within seconds, 30 I am deeply impressed (印象深刻).” 【答案】 21．officially 22．technologies 23．introduced 24．national 25．leads 26．reporter 27．about 28．the 29．first 30．and 【解析】本文介绍了2025年全球人工智能设备博览会在深圳的开幕情况，以及深圳作为人工智能产业创新中心的优势，还有参展商和访客的反馈。 21．句意：2025年全球人工智能设备博览会于5月22日星期四在深圳正式开幕。根据“opened”可知，此处需要用副词修饰动词，表示“正式地”开幕，因此用“official”的副词形式“officially”。故填officially。 22．句意：此次活动展示了1000多个人工智能产品和技术，包括智能手机、个人电脑、智能眼镜等。根据“products and”可知，此处需要用名词的复数形式与“products”并列，表示“产品和技术”，因此用“technology”的复数形式“technologies”。故填technologies。 23．句意：华为、荣耀和中兴等行业领军企业推出了一系列新开发的人工智能设备。根据“There were also meetings”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，且主语“Industry leaders”与“introduce”之间是主动关系，所以用“introduce”的过去式“introduced”。故填introduced。 24．句意：作为主要的国家创新中心，深圳在发展人工智能产业方面具有诸多优势。根据“innovation center”可知，此处需要用形容词修饰名词，表示“国家的”创新中心，因此用“nation”的形容词形式“national”。故填national。 25．句意：该市在研发方面领先中国，占全国智能手机产量的23.4%，智能手表产量的57.2%，工业机器人产量的24.1%。根据“making up”可知，此处描述的是现在的情况，且主语“The city”是第三人称单数，因此用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式“leads”。故填leads。 26．句意：博士眼镜总经理范勤告诉记者：“在深圳市政府的大力支持以及人工智能和增强现实技术的发展下，加上客户的高度接受度，我对智能眼镜行业的未来充满信心。”根据“told the”可知，此处需要用名词表示“记者”，且通常用单数形式，因此用“report”的名词形式“reporter”。故填reporter。 27．句意：博士眼镜总经理范勤告诉记者：“在深圳市政府的大力支持以及人工智能和增强现实技术的发展下，加上客户的高度接受度，我对智能眼镜行业的未来充满信心。”根据“I am very confident”可知，此处表示“对……充满信心”，因此用介词“about”与“confident”构成固定搭配“be confident about”。故填about。 28．句意：来自白俄罗斯的访客Artemey Melnikov在博览会期间与商汤科技生产的一款机器人下了一盘棋。根据“during”和“expo”可知，此处特指上文提到的“全球人工智能设备博览会”，因此用定冠词“the”。故填the。 29．句意：“这是我第一次与机器人下棋，”他说。根据“time”可知，此处表示“第一次”，因此用“one”的序数词形式“first”。故填first。 30．句意：“它几秒钟内就注意到了我的错误，这让我印象深刻。”根据“It noticed my mistakes within seconds”和“I am deeply impressed”可知，前后两个句子之间是顺承关系，因此用连词“and”连接。故填and。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 When was it invented ? 核心语法精练（一般过去时的被动语态的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 被动语态（二） 概念:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，主语是动作的承受者。 句型结构: 1.肯定句:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 He was chosen to work for the village. 他被选上为这个村庄工作。 2.否定句:主语+was/ were + not+及物动词的过去分词十其他。 He wasn't chosen to work for the village. 他没有被选上为这个村庄工作。 3.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+was/were + not. —Was he chosen to work for the village? 他被选上为这个村庄工作了吗? —Yes, he was./No, he wasn't. 是的,他被选上了。/不,他没被选上。 4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他? When was the picture taken? 这张照片是什么时候拍的? ★注意 1.主动句中若有双宾语,则将其中一个宾语作为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。[动词make,buy,get的间接宾语(指人)前用for;动词give,send, lend则用to。 2.不使用被动语态的几种情况: (1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用被动语态,如:die, happen, take place等; (2)感官动词、某些系动词没有被动语态,如:feel, become, look, seem等; (3)有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。 一、单项选择 1．—Tom, why didn’t you go to Wilson’s birthday party yesterday? —I wanted to go, but I ________. A．wasn’t invited B．haven’t invited C．didn’t invite D．am not invited 2．The Water Festival ______ in Xishuangbanna from April 13th to 15th this year. Everyone had fun there. A．celebrate B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated 3．Since the English corner ______ up last month, we have organized six activities. A．has been set B．is set C．was set D．will be set 4．In our last chemistry class, we ________ to follow the rules strictly so that we could finish the project safely in the laboratory. A．tell B．told C．are told D．were told 5．The Fifth Mentougou District High School English Drama Festival ________ in December, 2024. A．held B．will hold C．was held D．will be held 6．According to the Chinese historical story, tea ________ by Shen Nong about 5,000 years ago. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 7．The book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, ________ by Mark Twain many years ago. A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．was written 8．This book ________ into several languages last year. A．translates B．translated C．is translated D．was translated 9．Our team lost! We ________ by the other team. A．beat B．will beat C．have beaten D．were beaten 10．— How delicious the cake is! — Thanks. It ________ by my mother last night. A．makes B．made C．was made D．is made 11．Lots of trees and flowers ________ in my city in order to make it more beautiful last year. A．were planted B．was planted C．planted D．have planted 12．The light bulb ________ by Thomas Edison in 1879. A．is invented B．invented C．invents D．was invented 13．Students ________ to read the text carefully before they answered the questions. A．ask B．asked C．were asked D．are asked 14．—Who is the baby in the photo? —It’s me. The photo ________ fourteen years ago. A．was taken B．has taken C．is taken D．will take 15．Mary ________ to the party. She went to the concert with her sister instead. A．invited B．was invited C．didn’t invite D．wasn’t invited 二、根据所给词的适当形式填空 1．Paper (invent) in ancient China more than 2000 years ago. 2．The Chinese poem into English and many foreigners spoke highly of it. (translate） 3．Students into to two teams before they started the basketball game. (divide) 4．This point (not mention) at the meeting last week. 5．This novel (write) by Lu Xun. 6．Tea (bring) to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries. 7．Many flowers (plant) last year in our school. Now our school looks really nice. 8．He (punish) because he broke the rules. 9．How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they (take). 10．The stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago. 三、完成句子 1．上周，李华被邀请参加学校的旅游知识竞赛。 Last week, Li Hua to join in a travel quiz show at school. 2．这些树是去年我爷爷种的。 The trees by my grandfather last year. 3．拉链是什么时候发明的？ When the zipper ? 4．最著名的民间音乐之一《二泉映月》是由阿炳写成的。 One of the most famous folk music Erquan Yingyue by Abing. 5．上周五下午，我们学校举办了一场国际文化日活动。 Last Friday afternoon, an International Culture Day at our school. 6．这座著名的桥建于300多年前。 The famous bridge more than 300 years ago. 7．据报道：2023 年2月6 日在土耳其发生了地震。 It that an earthquake hit Turkey on February 6th, 2023. 8．上周，我们学校举行了趣味运动会。 Last week, a fun sports meeting in our school. 9．你知道茶是被偶然发明的吗? Do you know that tea by accident? 10．因为疫情学校运动会被推迟了。 Because of COVID-19, the school sports meeting was . 一、完形填空 Many of the most useful things around us were invented by mistake. Believe it or not, such 1 as the Velcro TM strip (维可牢尼龙搭扣), potato chips and tea were accidents. The Velcro TM strip was 2 in Austria by a mountaineer called George de Mestral, and one day in 1949, when he took his dog for a walk, the dog 3 many burrs (芒). George tried to pull them out without much success. 4 he got home, he put one of the burrs under his microscope and saw that it was covered in tiny hooks (钩) which made it so 5 to remove the burrs from his dog. This gave him the 6 , and soon Velcro TM strip was born. The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum, a 7 who worked in a restaurant in America. One day, a customer in the restaurant sent back 8 plate of fried potatoes because they were cut too 9 . George was so angry that he cut a potato into very thin slices and fried them. Then he put lots of salt on them. He 10 that the customer would hate them, but the customer loved them and asked for more. The most 11 drink in the world, after water of course, is tea. It’s another common thing that was invented 12 . It was invented in China around 5,000 years ago by a Chinese emperor called Shen Nong. The emperor was 13 water to drink over an open fire when some leaves fell into the water from a nearby plant. The emperor 14 that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. He tasted the hot water and found it was quite delicious. And this is the 15 that tea was invented. 1．A．persons B．things C．mistakes D．plants 2．A．used B．shared C．sold D．invented 3．A．mixed up B．cleaned up C．picked up D．put up 4．A．Until B．Although C．Before D．When 5．A．nervous B．difficult C．dangerous D．boring 6．A．advice B．hope C．test D．idea 7．A．cook B．waiter C．cleaner D．manager 8．A．his B．their C．its D．your 9．A．small B．big C．thick D．thin 10．A．thought B．regretted C．imagined D．explained 11．A．expensive B．popular C．interesting D．delicious 12．A．gradually B．directly C．accidentally D．suddenly 13．A．pouring B．boiling C．bringing D．using 14．A．noticed B．ordered C．knew D．said 15．A．place B．plan C．time D．way 二、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 In our daily lives, we often keep electrical appliances (电器) plugged in (插入电源) even though we don’t use them. This small habit can waste a lot of energy. But this problem can be solved by smart plugs! A smart plug is a small thing that you can connect between your wall socket and any electrical appliance, like a TV, a computer, or a light. It’s really easy to use, with the help of an app on the phone, you can control the power of the plugged-in electrical appliances anywhere. For example, if you forget to turn off the lights before leaving home, you can just use the app to turn them off. One of the best things about smart plugs is that they can detect when an electrical appliance is not in use but still connected. When you’re not using your game box but it’s still plugged in, the smart plug can cut off the power, so no energy is wasted. Using smart plugs can save a lot of electricity. In fact, studies show that a family can save up to 10% on their electricity bill each month by using smart plugs. This not only helps you save money but also reduces the need to produce more electricity, which is good for the environment. Smart plugs also have some problems. They are much more expensive than normal ones. Also, they need a stable (稳定的) internet connection. If the Wi-Fi is poor, they may not work well. In a word, smart plugs are simple and useful. They make our lives more energy-efficient (高能效的). Using smart plugs is a small step towards a greener future. 16．How can you control a smart plug? _____________________________________________________________ 17．What can a smart plug do when an appliance is not in use but still plugged in? _________________________________________________________________________ 18．How much can a family save on electricity bill each month by using smart plugs? ___________________________________________________________________________ 19．What problem do smart plugs have? (写出一个答案即可) ______________________________________________________________________ 20．Do you think smart plugs will become popular in the future? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________________________________ 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Global (全球) AI Device (设备) Expo (博览会) 2025 21 (official) opened in Shenzhen on Thursday, May 22nd. The event shows over 1,000 AI products and 22 (technology), including smartphones, PCs, smart glasses, and so on. Industry leaders such as Huawei, Honor, and ZTE 23 (introduce) a wave of newly developed AI devices. There were also meetings on hot AI robotics topics. As a main 24 (nation) innovation (创新) center, Shenzhen has many advantages for developing the AI industry. The city 25 (lead) China in Research & Development, making up 23.4% of country’s smartphone production, 57.2% of smartwatches, and 24.1% of industrial robots. Fan Qin, General Manager of Doctor Glasses, told the 26 (report), “With strong support from the Shenzhen government and development in AI and AR technologies, alongside high customer acceptance, I am very confident 27 the future of the smart glasses industry.” Artemey Melnikov, a visitor from Belarus, played a game of chess with a robot produced by China’s Sense Time during 28 expo. “This is my 29 (one) time playing chess against a robot,” he said. “It noticed my mistakes within seconds, 30 I am deeply impressed (印象深刻).” 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$