Unit 3 Food and Culture 过去完成时及其被动语态（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 Food and Culture 核心语法精练（过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空 4 二、完成句子 9 三、选词填空 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 15 过去完成时 一、核心概念： 过去完成时的核心精髓就是四个字：“过去的过去”。 它表示一个动作或状态在过去某一特定时间点或另一个过去动作之前已经发生或完成。 为了更好地理解，我们可以看下面这个时间轴： [ 动作A完成 ] [ 过去时间点/动作B ] [ 现在 ] 过去 ----------------|-------------------------------|-----------------> 时间 (过去完成时) (一般过去时) 动作A：使用过去完成时（had done），它发生得更早。 动作B：使用一般过去时（did），它是那个“过去的”参照点。 二、基本结构 肯定句： 主语 + had + 过去分词 (V-ed/p.p.) I had finished my homework by 8 pm last night. She had lived in London before she moved to New York. 否定句： 主语 + had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 He hadn't seen the movie before we watched it together. They hadn't prepared for the exam, so they failed. 疑问句： Had + 主语 + 过去分词? Had you eaten dinner when I called? Had the meeting started when you arrived? 三、核心用法（四种情况） 1. 表示“过去的过去” 这是最基本、最常见的用法。当一个句子中有两个过去动作时，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。通常会有时间状语或上下文来明确这种先后关系。 When I got to the station, the train had already left. （我到车站【过去】 vs 火车已经离开【过去的过去】） He realized that he had lost his wallet. （他意识到【过去】 vs 丢了钱包【过去的过去】） She had worked in Japan for five years before she came to China. （来中国【过去】 vs 在日本工作【过去的过去】） 2. 与by, before, until等连用 表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。 By the end of last year, I had written two books. （到去年年底为止，我已经写了两本书。） They had repaired the car before noon. （他们在中午之前就把车修好了。） 3. 用于间接引语和宾语从句中 当主句动词是过去时（如 said, told, asked, thought, wondered等），引述发生在更早的事情时，从句要用过去完成时。 直接引语：She said, “I have seen the film.” 间接引语：She said that she had seen the film. 直接引语：Tom said, “I did my homework.” 间接引语：Tom said that he had done his homework. 4. 用于虚拟语气 在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，if从句必须使用过去完成时。 If I had known your number, I would have called you. （事实是：我当时不知道你的号码，所以没打电话。） She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder. （事实是：她当时没有更努力地学习，所以没及格。） 四、重要提示与常见错误 1. 必须有“参照点” 使用过去完成时的句子中，必须有一个明确的（或隐含的）过去时间点或动作作为参照。不能孤立使用。 （错误） I had finished my homework. （听起来话没说完，别人会问 “So what? Then what happened?"） （正确） I had finished my homework before my parents came back. （提供了参照动作“came back”） （正确） By 10 o'clock, I had finished my homework. （提供了参照时间“by 10 o'clock”） 2. 时间状语从句中的省略 在after, before, as soon as 等已经明确表示出时间先后关系的连词引导的从句中，由于先后顺序已经很清楚，过去完成时常常可以简化成一般过去时，意思不变。 After he (had) finished his work, he went home. The train left just before I (had) reached the platform. 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。 另：当从句由after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived，he called her. 他到达时，给她打了电话。 They locked the door before they left. 在离开前，他们把门锁上了。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in. 那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 一、语法填空 1．It was the second time that he (visit) the Great Wall. 【答案】had visited 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：这是他第二次参观长城。此处考查固定句型“It was the first/second/...time that...”，该句型中，主句时态为一般过去时，that引导的从句需用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，visit的过去分词形式为visited。故填had visited。 2．I (intend) to finish the report before Friday, but a sudden business trip forced me to put it off until yesterday. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来打算在星期五之前完成这份报告，但突然出差迫使我把它推迟到昨天。结合句意及“before Friday”可知，此处指“过去原打算做某事”，使用过去完成时。故填had intended。 3．I didn’t go to the cinema because I (see) it twice. 【答案】had seen 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我没去看电影，因为我已经看过两次了。“没去看电影”是一般过去时，而“看过两次”发生在“没去看电影”之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，see的过去分词是seen。故填had seen。 4．It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping (realise) his dream of developing seawater rice. 【答案】had realised 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：袁隆平实现了开发海水稻的梦想，这让全世界都感到惊讶。that引导主语从句，设空处在从句中作谓语，且与其主语Yuan Longping之间为主动关系；根据语境并结合surprised可知，设空处动作发生在surprised之前，故此处应用过去完成时。故填had realised。 5．After listening to the scientists who (study) the problem for a year, the government turned to the United Nations for help. 【答案】had studied 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：在听取了研究这个问题一年的科学家的意见后，政府转向联合国寻求帮助。study表示的动作发生在turned之前，使用过去完成时，故填had studied。 6．By the Shang Dynasty, animal bones and shells (become) a well-developed writing system. 【答案】had become 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到了商代，在动物的骨头和贝壳上写字（甲骨文）已经成为一种发达的文字系统。结合时间状语“By the Shang Dynasty”可知，此处描述到过去某个时间以前已经完成的事情，使用过去完成时，故填had become。 7．The government   (announce) the setting up of several special funds by the end of last year. 【答案】had announced 【详解】考查时态。句意：到去年年底，政府宣布设立若干专项基金。根据时间状语 by the end of last year可知，此处强调动作在过去某个时间之前已经完成，应用过去完成时。故填had announced。 8．It was the first time she (see) him in person. 【答案】had seen 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第一次亲自见到他。see“看见”。It was the first time that…为固定句型，表示“某人第……次做某事”，that从句中使用过去完成时。故填had seen。 9．It was the third time that he (make) the same mistake. 【答案】had made 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是他第三次犯同样的错误。在“It+be+the first/second… time that …”句型中，that从句应用完成时态，再由句中的was可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had made. 10．I got up at 8:00 this morning, and I (sleep) for ten hours. 【答案】had slept 【详解】考查时态。句意：我今天早上八点起床，已经睡了十个小时了。动作sleep发生在got up之前，此处表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had slept。 11．The showroom had been emptied and (sweep) clean. 【答案】swept 【详解】考查语态。句意：展厅已被清空并彻底打扫干净了。sweep与had been emptied并列作谓语，与主语showroom谓语构成被动关系，根据上文had been可知为过去完成时的被动语态，and连接，省略had been。故填swept。 12．He apologized to the people who had been (affect). 【答案】affected 【详解】考查动词。句意：他向那些受到影响的人道歉。apologized为主句的谓语动词，主句时态为一般过去时，空处为who引导的定语从句的谓语动词部分，who指代先行词the people，与动词affect之间为动宾关系，且affect的动作发生在主句谓语动词apologized之前，故从句需用过去完成时的被动语态，结构为had been+过去分词，表示过去某一时间前已经发生或完成的一个被动动作，故需将动词affect变为过去分词affected，意为“影响”。故填affected。 13．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet (make) into at least ten different films by the end of last year. 【答案】had been made 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到去年年底，莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》已经被改编成至少十部不同的电影。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“by the end of last year”，可知应用过去完成时；主语“Shakespeare’s play Hamlet”与谓语动词“make”之间是被动关系，所以应使用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been+过去分词”，“make”的过去分词是“made”。故填had been made。 14．The bridge (destroy) before they arrived. 【答案】had been destroyed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在他们到达之前，这座桥就已经被毁坏了。destroy（毁坏）与The bridge（这座桥）之间是被动关系，即桥是被毁坏的，所以要用被动语态“be + 过去分词”。又因为before they arrived（在他们到达之前），arrived是一般过去时，而桥被毁坏发生在“到达”这个过去动作之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态“had been + 过去分词”。destroy的过去分词是destroyed，故填had been destroyed。 15．The passengers would have died if their food and water (run) out of. 【答案】had been run 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果乘客的食物和水用完了，他们就会死的。根据主句“The passengers would have died”可知，此处是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句需用过去完成时；且主语food and water和run out of之间是被动关系，所以从句需用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been run。 16．Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals (kill). 【答案】had been killed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：亚瑟很不高兴，因为他的一些动物被杀了。was表示句子为一般过去时，because引导原因状语从句，从句事情发生在主句之前，用过去完成时，且some of his animals与kill构成被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been killed。 17．It was the second time that the idiom (use) in his article. 【答案】had been used 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个成语在他的文章中是第二次被使用。这里考查It was+the+序数词+time+that sb had done，表示“是第几次某人做某事”，为固定句型，idiom和use是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been used。 18．It was one of the books that (recommend) at the end of his first lecture. 【答案】had been recommended 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这是他第一次演讲结束时推荐的书之一。定语从句that指代先行词books，与谓语构成被动关系，且从句表示“过去的过去”用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been recommended。 19．This was the second time that his bike (steal). 【答案】had been stolen 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这是他的自行车第二次被偷。根据This was the second time that可知，从句部分用过去完成时，bike与steal构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been stolen。 20．That was the first time that she (invite) to Harbin to see ice lanterns. 【答案】had been invited 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：那是她第一次被邀请到哈尔滨看冰灯。谓语动词invite和主语she之间是被动关系，根据前文That was the first time that可知，应用过去完成时的被动语态，这是固定用法。故填had been invited。 二、完成句子 21．她没想到会在这里遇到小学时的同桌。 She her primary school deskmate here. 【答案】had never expected to meet 【详解】考查时态和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“没想到会遇到”，“没想到会……”可表达为never expect to do sth，“遇到”用动词meet，用不定式作宾语；结合句意可知，“遇到小学时的同桌”发生在过去，“没想到”这一动作发生在“遇到小学时的同桌”，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时had done结构；故填had never expected to meet。 22．我想知道谁最后做出了那道数学题。 I wondered who in the end. 【答案】had worked out the maths problem 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“做出”用work out；表示“数学题”短语为maths problem，发生在过去的过去用过去完成时。故填had worked out the maths problem。 23．但就连他们中的一部分人也表示， 家人曾力劝他们不要到日本旅游。(persuade) But even some of those said their families had in Japan. 【答案】tried to persuade them not to travel 【详解】考查短语和时态。“劝某人不要做某事”为persuade sb. not to do sth；“旅游”为“travel”；“力劝”即尽力劝说，用try to do sth.，这里“劝说”这个动作发生在“said”之前，“力劝”就用过去完成时，结构为“had + 过去分词”，try的过去分词是tried，故填tried to persuade them not to travel。 24．Only when Lily walked into the office . 当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。 【答案】did she realize that she had left the contract at home 【详解】考查倒装句、时态和宾语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“她才意识到她把合同落在家里了”，分析句子结构可知，“Only+时间状语从句”置于句首，句子要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前；“意识到”翻译为realize，在句中作谓语，结合前文“walked”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，所以将助动词did提到主语“她”she之前；“她把合同落在家里了”发生在“意识到”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，“把……落在……”翻译为leave...at...，“合同”翻译为the contract，“家”翻译为home，所以“她把合同落在家里了”翻译为she had left the contract at home，在句中作realize的宾语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，应用that引导。故填did she realize that she had left the contract at home。 25．As a teacher, she had . 作为教师，她赢得了学生们的尊敬。 【答案】earned the respect of the students 【详解】考查固定短语。本题要翻译“赢得了学生们的尊敬”。had是过去完成时的助动词，其后要接过去分词，“赢得某人的尊敬”用earn the respect of sb.表示，earn的过去分词是earned，“学生们”翻译成the students。故填earned the respect of the students。 26．I and I felt stupid.        我被人骗了，觉得自己真傻。 【答案】had been tricked 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。根据句意，此处表示“被人骗了”，“骗”使用动词trick，主语I与trick之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。“被欺骗”这一动作发生在felt stupid之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态，结构为“had been+过去分词”，trick的过去分词为tricked。故填had been tricked。 27． by these boys when we came back? 当我们回来的时候，这些男孩都做了些什么? 【答案】What had been done 【详解】考查时态。从句用一般过去时，主句“这些男孩都做了些什么”发生在从句动作“回来”之前，应用过去完成时，“做”为动词do，主句是what引导的特殊疑问句，主语what和动词do是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态，句首单词首字母大写，故填What had been done。 28．This was the first time with such respect. 我是第一次受到这样的尊重对待。 【答案】that I had been treated 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。This was the first time+that...是固定句型，表示“这是第一次某人做某事”，从句要用过去完成时。从句主语“我”I，“对待”treat，与从句主语I之间是被动关系，使用过去完成时的被动语态，即had been treated。故填that I had been treated。 29．The architect told us that . 那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。 【答案】the project had been completed 【详解】考查时态语态。“工程已经竣工了”处理为宾语从句，表示“工程”应用the project，作主语；表示“竣工”可用动词complete，与主语构成被动关系，主句为一般过去时，“竣工”发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填the project had been completed。 30． before the meeting? 这个新结论在开会前讨论过吗? 【答案】Had the new conclusion been discussed 【详解】考查时态和语态。中英文对比可知缺少“这个新结论讨论过吗?”，“这个新结论”用名词短语this new conclusion表示；“讨论”用动词discuss，与主语之间为动宾关系，结合句意“在开会前讨论过吗”可知此句用过去完成时的被动语态，即谓语为had been discussed。此句为一般疑问句，助动词had需置于主语前，句首单词首字母大写。故填Had this new conclusion been discussed。 三、选词填空 prior to; refer to; in point; be linked to; on the other hand; if anything; look for; consist of; hand in hand; relate...to 31．What, do these clothes tell you about the people who wear them? 32．Sometimes people one’s personality what he eats. 33．When saying this, the author was actually our personality, character, and culture. 34．To prove this, Chinese cuisine is a case . 35．I had been living in Japan for two years meeting her. 36．This dish fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavored with hot red peppers. 37．On the one hand, it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. , it does tell us a lot about Americans. 38．When my family and I had just arrived in Beijing, we went something to eat. 39．What we can say is that culture and cuisine go . 40．Maybe our personalities closely the food we eat. 【答案】 31．if anything 32． relate to 33．referring to 34．in point 35．prior to 36．consists of 37．On the other hand 38．to look for 39．hand in hand 40． are linked to 【解析】31．考查固定短语。句意：如果真要说点什么的话，这些衣服能告诉你关于穿它们的人的什么信息呢？本空表示“如果真要说的话，其实”，if anything符合语境，强调从某种角度来说。故填if anything。 32．考查固定短语、时态。句意：有时人们把一个人的性格和他的饮食联系起来。本空表示 “把……与……联系起来”，用relate...to...，句子描述的是一般情况，时态用一般现在时，主语people为复数，谓语用动词原形。故填①relate；②to。 33．考查固定短语、时态。句意：说这话时，作者实际上指的是我们的个性、性格和文化。根据our personality, character, and culture可知，本空表示“指的是”，用refer to，本句描述过去正发生的事情，时态用过去进行时，本空用referring to，与was构成过去进行时。故填referring to。 34．考查固定短语。句意：为了证明这一点，中国菜就是一个恰当的例子。本空表示“恰当的，切题的”，用in point，a case in point是固定搭配，指“一个恰当的例子”。故填in point。 35．考查固定短语。句意：在遇到她之前，我已经在日本生活了两年。本空表示“在……之前”，用prior to，强调时间上的先后。故填prior to。 36．考查固定短语、时态。句意：这道菜由炸鸡组成，上面浇着甜酱，还有红辣椒调味。本空表示“由……组成”，用consist of，句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语dish为第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填consists of。 37．考查固定短语。句意：一方面，它不能告诉我们很多关于中国人的事情。另一方面，它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。本空与前文的On the one hand呼应，表示“另一方面”，用on the other hand，句首单词，首字母大写 。故填On the other hand。 38．考查固定短语、动词不定式。句意：当我和家人刚到北京时，我们就去找吃的了。本空表示“寻找”，用look for，用不定式，作目的状语。故填to look for。 39．考查固定短语。句意：我们可以说的是，文化和美食是相辅相成的。本空表示“手拉手，相辅相成”，说明文化与美食的密切关系，用固定短语hand in hand。故填hand in hand。 40．考查固定短语。句意：也许我们的性格与我们吃的食物密切相关。本空表示“与……有关联”，用固定短语be linked to，句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语personalities为复数，be动词用are。故填①are；②linked to。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高二下·辽宁丹东·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ox Lan located in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, attracts a lively crowd, where a traditional Lanzhou delicacy has unexpectedly become popular. The idea took root during a 2023 trip to Stockholm, where Zhou Yan, a 32-year-old native from Gansu, 1 (notice) something: Japanese ramen (拉面) and Vietnamese pho (米粉) were easy to find, but authentic Chinese noodles were 2 (obvious) absent. Zhou saw an opportunity to introduce Swedes to Lanzhou beef noodles. Zhou quickly began preparations — studying local business regulations, hiring an experienced noodle-pulling chef, securing a location, 3 eventually opening Sweden’s first Lanzhou beef noodle restaurant. Since opening, Ox Lan 4 (see) a steady stream of customers —70 percent of them Swedish. “Customers are fascinated by the artistry of hand-pulled noodles,” Zhou explained. “They’re used to ramen and pho, 5 are often pre-made. Watching dough (面团) transform into noodles in front of them is 6 whole new experience.” Another unique feature is the option to choose 7 seven noodle widths, 8 (range) from 0.5 mm to 50 mm. In Lanzhou, the most popular 9 (choose) is erxi, the fourth thinnest, but in Sweden, people are open to trying all seven options. Zhou is planning to expand further, with three new spots in Spain and ambitions to open restaurants in France and Italy. His goal is 10 (bring) Chinese fast food to major European cities. 【答案】 1．noticed 2．obviously 3．and 4．has seen 5．which 6．a 7．from 8．ranging 9．choice 10．to bring 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自甘肃的周岩在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩开设首家兰州牛肉面馆并取得成功的故事。 1．考查动词时态。句意：这个想法源于2023年斯德哥尔摩之旅，当时32岁的甘肃人周岩注意到一件事：日本拉面和越南米粉随处可见，但正宗的中国面条却明显缺失。句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，空处应用动词的过去式形式。故填noticed。 2．考查副词。句意同上。修饰形容词absent，应用副词obviously“明显地”，作状语。故填obviously。 3．考查连词。句意：周很快开始准备——研究当地商业法规、聘请有经验的拉面厨师、选址，最终开设了瑞典第一家兰州牛肉面馆。studying local business regulations，hiring an experienced noodle-pulling chef，securing a location和eventually opening Sweden’s first Lanzhou beef noodle restaurant为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 4．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自开业以来，Ox Lan餐厅的顾客络绎不绝，其中70%是瑞典人。根据时间状语Since opening可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语Ox Lan为单数，助动词用has。故填has seen。 5．考查定语从句。句意：他们习惯了拉面和米粉，这些通常是预先做好的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ramen and pho，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．考查冠词。句意：看着面团在他们面前变成面条，这是一种全新的体验。空处泛指一个，且whole以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．考查介词。句意：另一个独特的特点是可以选择七种面条宽度，从0.5毫米到50毫米不等。choose from是固定搭配，意为“从……中选择”。故填from。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句中已有谓语动词is，空处在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语seven noodle widths构成主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填ranging。 9．考查名词。句意：在兰州，最受欢迎的选择是“二细”，即第四细的面条，但在瑞典，人们愿意尝试所有七种选择。空处应用名词在句中作主语，由is可知，应用单数形式。故填choice。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的目标是将中国快餐带到欧洲主要城市。空处应用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容。故填to bring。 （24-25高二下·江苏淮安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Yangzhou, young people are pouring into a local traditional Chinese medicine hospital, not for medical care, but for bread. The hospital has gained fame since April, when it launched 1 unique series of breads containing Chinese medicinal herbs. Combining culinary (烹饪的) innovation with the current wellness culture, the herbal bread series appeals 2 (strong) to the health-conscious youth. As for ingredients, Chinese angelica root, lotus seeds and dried orange peel were carefully selected for their 3 (property) to boost energy and improve circulation. 4 (perfect) the recipes, the team behind the bread experimented 5 methods like boiling herbs into liquid for dough (生面团) or grinding (碾碎) them into powders for baking. Shortly after it was available, the demand for the herbal bread series, 6 flavors were described as “pretty comforting”, 7 (rise) rapidly. Snaking lines formed even before sales began as eager buyers arrived early to secure a purchase. The popularity of TCM breads signals young people’s growing connection to traditional health practices, 8 (fuel) broader curiosity about TCM. Still, experts advised consumers in need of medical help to consult TCM practitioners for personalized 9 (guide), stressing that “diagnosis and 10 (tailor) treatment remain key to the TCM philosophy.” 【答案】 1．a 2．strongly 3．properties 4．To perfect 5．with 6．whose 7．rose 8．fueling 9．guidance 10．tailored 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了扬州一家中医院创新推出含有中草药的面包，吸引了注重健康的年轻人，并探讨了这种趋势如何促进人们对传统中医文化的兴趣，同时强调医疗咨询的重要性。 1．考查冠词。句意：这家医院自4月以来声名鹊起，当时它推出了一系列独特的含中草药面包。“a series of”是固定短语，意为“一系列”，且unique发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 2．考查副词。句意：将烹饪创新与当下的健康文化相结合，这款草药面包系列强烈吸引着有健康意识的年轻人。提示词修饰动词“appeals”，用副词strongly作状语，表示“强烈地”。故填strongly。 3．考查名词复数。句意：在食材方面，当归、莲子和陈皮因其能补充能量、改善循环的特性而被精心挑选。可数名词property意为“特性，性质”，作宾语，有形容词性物主代词“their”修饰，应用复数形式properties。故填properties。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完善食谱，面包背后的团队尝试了多种方法，如将草药煮成液体用于面团，或碾成粉末用于烘焙。“(perfect) the recipes”是“面包背后的团队尝试了多种方法”的目的，用不定式to perfect作目的状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填To perfect。 5．考查介词。句意：为了完善食谱，面包背后的团队尝试了多种方法，如将草药煮成液体用于面团，或碾成粉末用于烘焙。“experiment with”是固定短语，意为“尝试，试验”。故填with。 6．考查定语从句。句意：这款草药面包系列上市后不久，需求就迅速上升，其口味被描述为“相当令人舒适”。“_____ flavors were described as “pretty comforting””是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the herbal bread series”，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，表示“这款草药面包的口味”，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 7．考查时态。句意：这款草药面包系列上市后不久，需求就迅速上升，其口味被描述为“相当令人舒适”。不及物动词rise(上升)作主句谓语，结合语境和时间状语“Shortly after it was available”可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态，rise的过去式是rose。故填rose。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：中药面包的流行表明年轻人与传统养生方法的联系日益紧密，这激发了人们对中药更广泛的好奇心。“(fuel) broader curiosity about TCM”在句中作结果状语，fuel(刺激，加剧)用现在分词形式表自然而然的结果。故填fueling。 9．考查名词。句意：不过，专家建议需要医疗帮助的消费者咨询中医从业者以获得个性化指导，并强调“诊断和个性化治疗仍是中医理念的关键所在”。提示词作宾语，用名词guidance，意为“指导”，是不可数名词。故填guidance。 10．考查形容词。句意：不过，专家建议需要医疗帮助的消费者咨询中医从业者以获得个性化指导，并强调“诊断和个性化治疗仍是中医理念的关键所在”。提示词修饰名词“treatment”，用形容词tailored作定语，意为“量身定制的”。故填tailored。 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高二下·重庆·期末）At a time when Americans consume more than half of their daily calories from ultra-processed (超加工的) foods, there is increasing evidence showing that eating too much of these foods can make us sick. A recent study published in the British Medical Journal finds people who consume high amounts of these foods have an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and certain cancers. The data come from more than 9 million people who participated in dozens of studies. Ultra-processed foods are ubiquitous in our food supply. Among the most common are highly refined breads, fast food, sugary drinks, cookies, and other packaged snacks. They are often high in salt, sugar, fat and calories and low in fiber and micro-nutrients such as vitamins. Although no evidence proves that consumption of ultra-processed foods can directly cause anxiety, cancer or other health conditions, a growing body of evidence shows that ultra-processed foods contribute to the development of these conditions. A study published last year found people in the habit of consuming high levels of ultra-processed foods were about three times more likely to develop cancer, compared to those who consumed the least. When it comes to mood and mental health conditions, a French study showed that adults who maintained an unhealthy diet had more depressive symptoms. “We saw a roughly 20 to 50% increased risk of depressive symptoms in people who had diets that were high in ultra-processed foods,” says Wolfgang Marx, a researcher. A panel of advisors is currently evaluating all the latest diet and nutrition studies as part of a process to update the country’s Dietary Guidelines. It is possible that they could recommend limits on ultra-processed foods. On the regulatory side, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is moving ahead to finalize a new definition of the term “healthy”. The FDA says a “healthy” claim on food labels could help consumers identify healthier choices with a quick look and may encourage food companies to improve their products. 1．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Nutritious. B．Cheap. C．Widespread. D．Profitable. 2．What did the study published last year find regarding ultra-processed foods? A．They improve emotional stability. B．They cause health decline. C．They trigger immediate reactions. D．They lower nutritional value. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Future plans from food companies. B．New guidelines for food sales. C．Limits on ultra-processed foods. D．Responses to ultra-processed foods. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A health magazine. B．A biology report. C．A hospital leaflet. D．A food advertisement. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了超加工食品对健康的潜在危害，包括与癌症、焦虑、抑郁等疾病的相关性，并提到美国正在通过更新饮食指南和食品标签政策来应对这一问题。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Ultra-processed foods are ubiquitous in our food supply. Among the most common are highly refined breads, fast food, sugary drinks, cookies, and other packaged snacks.(超加工食品在我们的食品供应中ubiquitous。其中最常见的有高度精制的面包、快餐、含糖饮料、饼干以及其他包装零食)”以及后文列举了高度精制面包、快餐、含糖饮料、饼干和其他包装零食等超加工食品，均为日常生活中常见的食物，说明超加工食品在食品供应中普遍存在。故划线词意思是“普遍的”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“A study published last year found people in the habit of consuming high levels of ultra-processed foods were about three times more likely to develop cancer, compared to those who consumed the least.(去年发表的一项研究发现，经常大量食用超加工食品的人患癌的可能性是很少食用此类食品的人的三倍之多)”可知，去年发表的那项研究对于超加工食品的结论是它们会导致健康状况恶化。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“A panel of advisors is currently evaluating all the latest diet and nutrition studies as part of a process to update the country’s Dietary Guidelines. It is possible that they could recommend limits on ultra-processed foods. On the regulatory side, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is moving ahead to finalize a new definition of the term “healthy”. The FDA says a “healthy” claim on food labels could help consumers identify healthier choices with a quick look and may encourage food companies to improve their products.(一个顾问小组目前正在对所有最新的饮食和营养研究进行评估，这是更新国家《膳食指南》过程的一部分。他们有可能会建议对超加工食品设定限制。在监管方面，食品药品监督管理局（FDA）正在推进以最终确定“健康”一词的新定义。FDA 表示，在食品标签上标注“健康”信息能够帮助消费者通过快速查看就识别出更健康的选择，并可能促使食品公司改进其产品)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是对超加工食品的反应。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“At a time when Americans consume more than half of their daily calories from ultra-processed (超加工的) foods, there is increasing evidence showing that eating too much of these foods can make us sick. A recent study published in the British Medical Journal finds people who consume high amounts of these foods have an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and certain cancers. The data come from more than 9 million people who participated in dozens of studies.(在当下，美国人每日摄入的热量中有超过一半来自超加工食品。越来越多的证据表明，过量食用这类食品会让我们生病。《英国医学杂志》近期发表的一项研究发现，摄入此类食品较多的人患焦虑症、抑郁症以及某些癌症的风险会增加。这些数据来自参与了数十项研究的超过900万人)”以及全文围绕超加工食品的健康风险、研究发现及应对措施展开，内容面向大众，语言通俗易懂，旨在普及健康知识。故文章选自一本健康类杂志。故选A。 （24-25高二下·辽宁丹东·期末）Everyone is familiar with the colors of the foods they eat. You normally associate salads with green, apples with red, and rice with pink — wait a second, rice is white Well, scientists have synthesized (合成) a new, pinkish rice known as “meaty” rice. If commercialized, this option could be much cheaper than traditional meat in several countries. In South Korea, hybrid (杂交的) rice would be $13 cheaper than the average $15 per kilo of beef. Recently, scientists in South Korea discovered that rice could be a good base for meat cells to grow in as the enzymes (酶) and conditions that the rice provides make it an excellent catalyst for the growth of meat cells. When meat cells were allowed to grow in rice for 11 days, scientists found the final product contained eight percent more protein and seven percent more fat. Some researchers even claim that it has the potential to carry all the vital nutrients we need. Meaty rice has the potential to reduce our impact on the environment and is efficient in terms of cost and emissions. Currently, beef produces around 50 kg of carbon dioxide for every 100 grams of protein produced compared to the roughly 6 kg of emissions that hybrid rice produces. Raising livestock also requires more resources like water which is getting scarce. Some countries like Singapore, the Netherlands, and the United States have already sanctioned lab-grown meat. Meaty rice could be a valuable food source in the military and for space exploration as well as to provide relief during famines. However, many people find the idea of eating food created by a scientific lab unnatural and unappetizing. Italy, for example, recently became the first country in the world to ban lab-grown meat. The country’s Minister of Agriculture shared that the purpose of the ban was to protect Italian traditions and farmers. One thing to note is that the term “lab-grown” is used loosely. Many people associate the term with “artificial” or “manufactured”. While some lab-grown products meet that description, meaty rice is made from naturally growing meat cells. So, while it is indeed grown in a lab, the process itself is natural. 1．What can we know about meaty rice? A．It contains all the nutrients we need. B．It is $2 cheaper than traditional meat. C．It is different in color from traditional rice. D．It provides enzymes for meat cells to grow. 2．What does the underlined word “sanctioned” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Approved. B．Banned. C．Avoided. D．Replaced. 3．Why did Italy ban lab-grown meat? A．Because it has a bad taste. B．Because it lacks nutritious value. C．Because it may harm traditional farming. D．Because it may be resisted by local people. 4．What is the author’s attitude to meaty rice? A．Proud. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Opposed. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家合成的一种新型粉色“肉味米”的特点、优势、潜在应用以及公众对其的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“rice is white(大米是白色的)”及第二段中“Well, scientists have synthesized a new, pinkish rice known as ‘meaty’ rice.(科学家合成了一种新型的、略带粉色的“肉味米”)可知，“肉味米”在颜色上与传统大米不同。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词下文“Meaty rice could be a valuable food source in the military and for space exploration as well as to provide relief during famines.(“肉味米”有望成为军事和太空探索领域宝贵的粮食来源，也可在饥荒时期提供救济)”可知，“肉味米”具有很大的价值，这些国家应是认可了实验室培育的肉，故划线词与A项Approved“认可”意义相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Italy, for example, recently became the first country in the world to ban lab-grown meat. The country’s Minister of Agriculture shared that the purpose of the ban was to protect Italian traditions and farmers.(例如，意大利最近成为世界上第一个禁止实验室培育肉类的国家。该国农业部长表示，禁令的目的是保护意大利的传统和农民)”可知，意大利禁止实验室培育的肉类是因为它可能损害传统农业。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章既介绍了肉味米的优点，如成本低、环保、营养等，也提到了人们对其的担忧和意大利的禁令，客观呈现了相关情况，作者态度是客观的。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Food and Culture 核心语法精练（过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空 4 二、完成句子 5 三、选词填空 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 6 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 8 过去完成时 一、核心概念： 过去完成时的核心精髓就是四个字：“过去的过去”。 它表示一个动作或状态在过去某一特定时间点或另一个过去动作之前已经发生或完成。 为了更好地理解，我们可以看下面这个时间轴： [ 动作A完成 ] [ 过去时间点/动作B ] [ 现在 ] 过去 ----------------|-------------------------------|-----------------> 时间 (过去完成时) (一般过去时) 动作A：使用过去完成时（had done），它发生得更早。 动作B：使用一般过去时（did），它是那个“过去的”参照点。 二、基本结构 肯定句： 主语 + had + 过去分词 (V-ed/p.p.) I had finished my homework by 8 pm last night. She had lived in London before she moved to New York. 否定句： 主语 + had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 He hadn't seen the movie before we watched it together. They hadn't prepared for the exam, so they failed. 疑问句： Had + 主语 + 过去分词? Had you eaten dinner when I called? Had the meeting started when you arrived? 三、核心用法（四种情况） 1. 表示“过去的过去” 这是最基本、最常见的用法。当一个句子中有两个过去动作时，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。通常会有时间状语或上下文来明确这种先后关系。 When I got to the station, the train had already left. （我到车站【过去】 vs 火车已经离开【过去的过去】） He realized that he had lost his wallet. （他意识到【过去】 vs 丢了钱包【过去的过去】） She had worked in Japan for five years before she came to China. （来中国【过去】 vs 在日本工作【过去的过去】） 2. 与by, before, until等连用 表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。 By the end of last year, I had written two books. （到去年年底为止，我已经写了两本书。） They had repaired the car before noon. （他们在中午之前就把车修好了。） 3. 用于间接引语和宾语从句中 当主句动词是过去时（如 said, told, asked, thought, wondered等），引述发生在更早的事情时，从句要用过去完成时。 直接引语：She said, “I have seen the film.” 间接引语：She said that she had seen the film. 直接引语：Tom said, “I did my homework.” 间接引语：Tom said that he had done his homework. 4. 用于虚拟语气 在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，if从句必须使用过去完成时。 If I had known your number, I would have called you. （事实是：我当时不知道你的号码，所以没打电话。） She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder. （事实是：她当时没有更努力地学习，所以没及格。） 四、重要提示与常见错误 1. 必须有“参照点” 使用过去完成时的句子中，必须有一个明确的（或隐含的）过去时间点或动作作为参照。不能孤立使用。 （错误） I had finished my homework. （听起来话没说完，别人会问 “So what? Then what happened?"） （正确） I had finished my homework before my parents came back. （提供了参照动作“came back”） （正确） By 10 o'clock, I had finished my homework. （提供了参照时间“by 10 o'clock”） 2. 时间状语从句中的省略 在after, before, as soon as 等已经明确表示出时间先后关系的连词引导的从句中，由于先后顺序已经很清楚，过去完成时常常可以简化成一般过去时，意思不变。 After he (had) finished his work, he went home. The train left just before I (had) reached the platform. 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。 另：当从句由after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived，he called her. 他到达时，给她打了电话。 They locked the door before they left. 在离开前，他们把门锁上了。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in. 那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 一、语法填空 1．It was the second time that he (visit) the Great Wall. 2．I (intend) to finish the report before Friday, but a sudden business trip forced me to put it off until yesterday. 3．I didn’t go to the cinema because I (see) it twice. 4．It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping (realise) his dream of developing seawater rice. 5．After listening to the scientists who (study) the problem for a year, the government turned to the United Nations for help. 6．By the Shang Dynasty, animal bones and shells (become) a well-developed writing system. 7．The government   (announce) the setting up of several special funds by the end of last year. 8．It was the first time she (see) him in person. 9．It was the third time that he (make) the same mistake. 10．I got up at 8:00 this morning, and I (sleep) for ten hours. 11．The showroom had been emptied and (sweep) clean. 12．He apologized to the people who had been (affect). 13．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet (make) into at least ten different films by the end of last year. 14．The bridge (destroy) before they arrived. 15．The passengers would have died if their food and water (run) out of. 16．Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals (kill). 17．It was the second time that the idiom (use) in his article. 18．It was one of the books that (recommend) at the end of his first lecture. 19．This was the second time that his bike (steal). 20．That was the first time that she (invite) to Harbin to see ice lanterns. 二、完成句子 21．她没想到会在这里遇到小学时的同桌。 She her primary school deskmate here. 22．我想知道谁最后做出了那道数学题。 I wondered who in the end. 23．但就连他们中的一部分人也表示， 家人曾力劝他们不要到日本旅游。(persuade) But even some of those said their families had in Japan. 24．Only when Lily walked into the office . 当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。 25．As a teacher, she had . 作为教师，她赢得了学生们的尊敬。 26．I and I felt stupid.        我被人骗了，觉得自己真傻。 27． by these boys when we came back? 当我们回来的时候，这些男孩都做了些什么? 28．This was the first time with such respect. 我是第一次受到这样的尊重对待。 29．The architect told us that . 那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。 30． before the meeting? 这个新结论在开会前讨论过吗? 三、选词填空 prior to; refer to; in point; be linked to; on the other hand; if anything; look for; consist of; hand in hand; relate...to 31．What, do these clothes tell you about the people who wear them? 32．Sometimes people one’s personality what he eats. 33．When saying this, the author was actually our personality, character, and culture. 34．To prove this, Chinese cuisine is a case . 35．I had been living in Japan for two years meeting her. 36．This dish fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavored with hot red peppers. 37．On the one hand, it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. , it does tell us a lot about Americans. 38．When my family and I had just arrived in Beijing, we went something to eat. 39．What we can say is that culture and cuisine go . 40．Maybe our personalities closely the food we eat. 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高二下·辽宁丹东·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ox Lan located in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, attracts a lively crowd, where a traditional Lanzhou delicacy has unexpectedly become popular. The idea took root during a 2023 trip to Stockholm, where Zhou Yan, a 32-year-old native from Gansu, 1 (notice) something: Japanese ramen (拉面) and Vietnamese pho (米粉) were easy to find, but authentic Chinese noodles were 2 (obvious) absent. Zhou saw an opportunity to introduce Swedes to Lanzhou beef noodles. Zhou quickly began preparations — studying local business regulations, hiring an experienced noodle-pulling chef, securing a location, 3 eventually opening Sweden’s first Lanzhou beef noodle restaurant. Since opening, Ox Lan 4 (see) a steady stream of customers —70 percent of them Swedish. “Customers are fascinated by the artistry of hand-pulled noodles,” Zhou explained. “They’re used to ramen and pho, 5 are often pre-made. Watching dough (面团) transform into noodles in front of them is 6 whole new experience.” Another unique feature is the option to choose 7 seven noodle widths, 8 (range) from 0.5 mm to 50 mm. In Lanzhou, the most popular 9 (choose) is erxi, the fourth thinnest, but in Sweden, people are open to trying all seven options. Zhou is planning to expand further, with three new spots in Spain and ambitions to open restaurants in France and Italy. His goal is 10 (bring) Chinese fast food to major European cities. （24-25高二下·江苏淮安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Yangzhou, young people are pouring into a local traditional Chinese medicine hospital, not for medical care, but for bread. The hospital has gained fame since April, when it launched 1 unique series of breads containing Chinese medicinal herbs. Combining culinary (烹饪的) innovation with the current wellness culture, the herbal bread series appeals 2 (strong) to the health-conscious youth. As for ingredients, Chinese angelica root, lotus seeds and dried orange peel were carefully selected for their 3 (property) to boost energy and improve circulation. 4 (perfect) the recipes, the team behind the bread experimented 5 methods like boiling herbs into liquid for dough (生面团) or grinding (碾碎) them into powders for baking. Shortly after it was available, the demand for the herbal bread series, 6 flavors were described as “pretty comforting”, 7 (rise) rapidly. Snaking lines formed even before sales began as eager buyers arrived early to secure a purchase. The popularity of TCM breads signals young people’s growing connection to traditional health practices, 8 (fuel) broader curiosity about TCM. Still, experts advised consumers in need of medical help to consult TCM practitioners for personalized 9 (guide), stressing that “diagnosis and 10 (tailor) treatment remain key to the TCM philosophy.” 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高二下·重庆·期末）At a time when Americans consume more than half of their daily calories from ultra-processed (超加工的) foods, there is increasing evidence showing that eating too much of these foods can make us sick. A recent study published in the British Medical Journal finds people who consume high amounts of these foods have an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and certain cancers. The data come from more than 9 million people who participated in dozens of studies. Ultra-processed foods are ubiquitous in our food supply. Among the most common are highly refined breads, fast food, sugary drinks, cookies, and other packaged snacks. They are often high in salt, sugar, fat and calories and low in fiber and micro-nutrients such as vitamins. Although no evidence proves that consumption of ultra-processed foods can directly cause anxiety, cancer or other health conditions, a growing body of evidence shows that ultra-processed foods contribute to the development of these conditions. A study published last year found people in the habit of consuming high levels of ultra-processed foods were about three times more likely to develop cancer, compared to those who consumed the least. When it comes to mood and mental health conditions, a French study showed that adults who maintained an unhealthy diet had more depressive symptoms. “We saw a roughly 20 to 50% increased risk of depressive symptoms in people who had diets that were high in ultra-processed foods,” says Wolfgang Marx, a researcher. A panel of advisors is currently evaluating all the latest diet and nutrition studies as part of a process to update the country’s Dietary Guidelines. It is possible that they could recommend limits on ultra-processed foods. On the regulatory side, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is moving ahead to finalize a new definition of the term “healthy”. The FDA says a “healthy” claim on food labels could help consumers identify healthier choices with a quick look and may encourage food companies to improve their products. 1．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Nutritious. B．Cheap. C．Widespread. D．Profitable. 2．What did the study published last year find regarding ultra-processed foods? A．They improve emotional stability. B．They cause health decline. C．They trigger immediate reactions. D．They lower nutritional value. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Future plans from food companies. B．New guidelines for food sales. C．Limits on ultra-processed foods. D．Responses to ultra-processed foods. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A health magazine. B．A biology report. C．A hospital leaflet. D．A food advertisement. （24-25高二下·辽宁丹东·期末）Everyone is familiar with the colors of the foods they eat. You normally associate salads with green, apples with red, and rice with pink — wait a second, rice is white Well, scientists have synthesized (合成) a new, pinkish rice known as “meaty” rice. If commercialized, this option could be much cheaper than traditional meat in several countries. In South Korea, hybrid (杂交的) rice would be $13 cheaper than the average $15 per kilo of beef. Recently, scientists in South Korea discovered that rice could be a good base for meat cells to grow in as the enzymes (酶) and conditions that the rice provides make it an excellent catalyst for the growth of meat cells. When meat cells were allowed to grow in rice for 11 days, scientists found the final product contained eight percent more protein and seven percent more fat. Some researchers even claim that it has the potential to carry all the vital nutrients we need. Meaty rice has the potential to reduce our impact on the environment and is efficient in terms of cost and emissions. Currently, beef produces around 50 kg of carbon dioxide for every 100 grams of protein produced compared to the roughly 6 kg of emissions that hybrid rice produces. Raising livestock also requires more resources like water which is getting scarce. Some countries like Singapore, the Netherlands, and the United States have already sanctioned lab-grown meat. Meaty rice could be a valuable food source in the military and for space exploration as well as to provide relief during famines. However, many people find the idea of eating food created by a scientific lab unnatural and unappetizing. Italy, for example, recently became the first country in the world to ban lab-grown meat. The country’s Minister of Agriculture shared that the purpose of the ban was to protect Italian traditions and farmers. One thing to note is that the term “lab-grown” is used loosely. Many people associate the term with “artificial” or “manufactured”. While some lab-grown products meet that description, meaty rice is made from naturally growing meat cells. So, while it is indeed grown in a lab, the process itself is natural. 1．What can we know about meaty rice? A．It contains all the nutrients we need. B．It is $2 cheaper than traditional meat. C．It is different in color from traditional rice. D．It provides enzymes for meat cells to grow. 2．What does the underlined word “sanctioned” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Approved. B．Banned. C．Avoided. D．Replaced. 3．Why did Italy ban lab-grown meat? A．Because it has a bad taste. B．Because it lacks nutritious value. C．Because it may harm traditional farming. D．Because it may be resisted by local people. 4．What is the author’s attitude to meaty rice? A．Proud. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Opposed. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$