内容正文:
小学英语语法重点攻关讲练
UNIT 3 动词的数
名词的数(一)
可数名词规则的复数变化
【经典剖析】
1.多数名词单数变复数只需在名词后加s。
a pupil 一个学生
→ two pupils 两个学生
a panda 一只熊猫
→ three pandas 三只熊猫
a banana 一根香蕉
→ two bananas 两根香蕉
this elephant 这头大象
→ these elephants 这些大象
that house 那栋房子
→ those houses 那些房子
2.以s、sh、ch或x结尾的名词单数变复数需在名词后加es。
a bus 一辆公共汽车
→ some buses 一些公共汽车
a dish 一个碟子
→ several dishes 几个碟子
a peach 一只桃子
→ two peaches 两只桃子
a box 一个箱子
→ those boxes 那些箱子
3.以o结尾的单词有两种情况,有的加es,有的加s。
a tomato 一个西红柿
→ two tomatoes 两个西红柿
a potato 一个马铃薯
→ five tomatoes 五个马铃薯
a zoo 一个动物园
→ ten zoos 十个动物园
a radio 一台收音机
→ ten radios 两台收音机
4.以y结尾的名词单数变复数有以下两种情况。
①以“辅音字母+y”结尾的:将y改为i再加es。
a baby 一个婴儿
→ many babies 许多婴儿
a party 一次聚会
→ two parties 两次聚会
②以“元音字母+y”结尾的:直接在名词后加s。
a boy 一个男孩
→ five boys 五个男孩
a monkey 一只猴子
→ many monkeys 许多猴子
5.以f或fe结尾的名词单数变复数将f或fe改为ves。
one shelf 一个架子
→ two shelves 两个架子
a knife 一把小刀
→ two knives 两把小刀
a thief 一个小偷
→ several thieves 几个小偷
his wife 他的妻子
→ their wives 他们的妻子
技能点睛
英文与中文的一个不同点就是英文的名词有单数形式和复数形式,这两种形式从拼写到读音都有一些规则可循。本单元介绍的是一些基本的规则,必须牢牢记住。
UNIT 8 EXERCISES
1.根据学过的规则,写出下列名词的复数形式:
1)flower _______________
2)banana _______________
3)family _______________
4)country ______________
5)knife ________________
6)city _________________
7)match ________________
8)bush _________________
9)lady _________________
10)panda _______________
11)key _________________
12)room ________________
2.选择恰当的词,并将其复数形式填入空格:
knife,bus,flower,monkey,tomato,doll,son,glass
1)I drink eight _____________________________ of water every day.
2)Mr and Mrs Parker have one daughter and two __________________.
3)There are many beautiful _____________________________ in the school garden.
4)I have many _____________________________ in my family.
5)There are two small _____________________________ in my pencil-box.
6)There are many _____________________________ in the zoo.
7)Those red _____________________________ are very big.
8)There are many _____________________________ in the street.
3.从左框中选择恰当的数词,与右框中的名词变成复数后组成一个短语,然后填入空格:
例:You can see five babies in this picture.
1)There are ______________ ______________ in our country.
2)There are ______________ ______________ in a week.
3)There are ______________ ______________ in an hour.
4)I have ______________ ______________ in my class.
5)We have ______________ ______________ in the morning.
6)I have ______________ ______________ in the pencil-box.
4.改正下列句子中的错误:
1)Beijing and Shanghai are big city.
2)There are many lovely park in our city.
3)There are many beautiful umbrella in the shop.
4)There are many desks and chair in our classroom.
5)I can see many big tree outside the window.
6)These are my key.
7)They have one girl and two boy.
8)He has many toy in the room.
名词的数(二)
可数名词不规则的复数变化
【经典剖析】
1.改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。
2.单数名词和复数名词形式相同。这时,谓语动词的形式要看主语表示的是单数还是复数。
3.下列物品的名词只有复数形式,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,可用a pair of表示单数。
scissors 剪刀
glasses 眼镜
trousers 长裤
jeans 牛仔裤
shorts 短裤
4.以下两个单词没有单数形式,总是以复数形式出现,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
●people人,人们,人民:Many people speak English. 许多人讲英语。
●police警察:Many police are there. What do they want? 许多警察在那儿。他们要干什么?
技能点睛
“一把剪刀”可以说a pair of scissors,“一副眼镜”可以说a pair of glasses。说“一个人”可以用a/one person表示。说“一个警察”可以用a policeman或a policewoman表示。
UNIT 9 EXERCISES
1.根据学过的规则,写出下列名词的复数形式:
1)one child,two ____________________
2)one foot,two _____________________
3)one policeman,two ________________
4)one sheep,two ____________________
5)one party,two ____________________
6)one woman,two ____________________
7)one dish,two _____________________
8)one tooth,two ____________________
9)one tomato,two ___________________
10)one man,two _____________________
11)one fish,two ____________________
12)one mouse,two _____________________
2.认真阅读句子,用括号内提供单词的复数形式填入空格:
1)There are many ______________ under the tree. (child)
2)Help yourself to some ______________! (fish)
3)There are three ______________ at the bus stop. (people)
4)Some ______________ are in front of that building. (policeman)
5)There are many ______________ in the zoo. (deer)
3.认真阅读句子,用括号内提供单词的适当形式填入空格:
1)Mr Smith has one ______________. Mr Cook has two ______________. (child)
2)I have a right ______________ and a left ______________. I have two ______________. (foot)
3)I see a ______________ under the tree. I see two ______________ on the street. (man)
4)One ______________ is over there. Two ______________ are under the tree. (sheep)
5)He is ______________. We are all ______________. (Chinese)
4.看图并回答问题:
1)
What are there in the picture?
________________________________________________
2)
What can you see in the picture?
________________________________________________
5.用a pair of加上提供的名词完成下列句子:
1)There is ________________________________________________ on the desk. (scissors)
2)Is there ________________________________________________ on the desk? (glasses)
3)There is ________________________________________________ on my bed. (trousers)
4)This is ________________________________________________. (jeans)
5)This is not a shirt. It is ____________________________. (shorts)
名词的数(三)
可数名词和不可数名词
【经典剖析】
1.按语法意义分,英语的名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词可以用基数词(如one,two,three)或与它们相当的词(如many,a few,several,some,a lot of)来修饰。
one book 一本书
two pens 两支笔
five children 五个孩子
many horses 许多匹马
a few weeks 几个星期
several pupils 几个学生
some cities 一些城市
a lot of monkeys 许多猴子
2.不可数名词:英语中有许多名词是不可数的,而在汉语中却是可数的,在使用时要倍加小心。下列名词为常见的不可数名词。
advice 忠告
bread 面包
cheese 乳酪
coffee 咖啡
food 食物
fruit 水果
furniture 家具
news 新闻
ice 冰
juice 果汁
meat 肉
milk 牛奶
money 钱
salt 盐
soup 汤
sugar 糖
tea 茶
water 水
weather 天气
work 工作
3.不可数名词没有复数形式,因此不能用a或基数词来修饰,也不能用many来修饰,但可以用some,a lot of(这两个词既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词)等来修饰。
some 一些 , a lot of 许多 , much 很多 , a little 一些
some bread 一些面包
a lot of food 许多食物
much meat 许多肉
a little milk 一点牛奶
4.不可数名词要表示“一件”或“几件”时,可以用以下量词来表达,复数概念可以从量词上体现出来。
1)a piece of :
a piece of bread 一片面包
two pieces of ice 两块冰
three pieces of news 三条消息
four pieces of paper 四张纸
2)a pair of :
a pair of glasses 一副眼镜
two pairs of shoes 两双鞋
five pairs of trousers 五条裤子
six pairs of shorts 六条短裤
3)a bottle of :
a bottle of beer 一瓶啤酒
two bottles of milk 两瓶牛奶
three bottles of wine 三瓶酒
four bottles of orange juice 四瓶橙汁
4)a cup of :
a cup of water 一杯水
two cups of tea 两杯茶
three cups of apple juice 三杯苹果汁
four cups of milk 四杯牛奶
5)a glass of :
a glass of water 一杯水
two glasses of tea 两杯茶
6)a bowl of :
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
two bowls of rice 两碗米饭
技能点睛
英语名词的可数与不可数不能从汉语的角度来理解,虽然像桌子、房间、学生等,在英语及汉语中都是可数名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,要表达具体的复数概念要用恰当的量词表示。
UNIT 10 EXERCISES
1.将下列名词归类,并写出中文的含义:
city,water,key,ice,advice,lady,fruit,class,money,dish,juice,potato,meat,place,soup
不可数名词:___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
可数名词:___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2.根据提供的可数名词,从方框中找出含义与之相关的不可数名词填入空格:
work,music,money,advice,furniture,weather
1)a coin 一枚硬币 ________________________________
2)a suggestion 一条建议 __________________________
3)a cloud 一片云彩 _______________________________
4)a job 一份工作 _________________________________
5)a desk 一张桌子 ________________________________
6)a song 一首歌 __________________________________
3.根据左框中所给的量词,用This is a...of...来描述右框中的名词,并将句子译成汉语:
例:1)This is a bottle of milk.
2)___________________________________________________________3)___________________________________________________________
4)___________________________________________________________
5)___________________________________________________________
6)___________________________________________________________
7)___________________________________________________________
8)___________________________________________________________
1)这是一杯牛奶。
2)___________________________________________________________
3)___________________________________________________________
4)___________________________________________________________
5)___________________________________________________________
6)___________________________________________________________
7)___________________________________________________________
8)___________________________________________________________
UNIT 3 参考答案
名词的数(一)可数名词规则的复数变化
1.1)flowers
2)bananas
3)families
4)countries
5)knives
6)cities
7)matches
8)bushes
9)ladies
10)pandas
11)keys
12)rooms
2.1)glasses
2)sons
3)flowers
4)dolls
5)knives
6)monkeys
7)tomatoes
8)buses
3.1)many cities
2)seven days
3)sixty minutes
4)several friends
5)four classes
6)two knives
4.1)city → cities
2)park → parks
3)umbrella → umbrellas
4)chair → chairs
5)tree → trees
6)key → keys
7)boy → boys
8)toy → toys
名词的数(二)可数名词不规则的复数变化
1.1)children
2)feet
3)policemen
4)sheep
5)parties
6)women
7)dishes
8)teeth
9)tomatoes
10)men
11)fish
12)mice
2.1)children
2)fish
3)people
4)policemen
5)deer
3.1)child, children
2)foot, foot, feet
3)man, men
4)sheep, sheep
5)Chinese, Chinese
4.1)There are three sheep in the picture.
2)I can see five fish in the picture.
5.1)a pair of scissors
2)a pair of glasses
3)a pair of trousers
4)a pair of jeans
5)a pair of shorts
可数名词和不可数名词
1.不可数名词:
water, ice, advice, fruit, money, juice, meat, soup(中文含义略)
可数名词:
city, key, lady, class, dish, potato, place(中文含义略)
2.1)money
2)advice
3)weather
4)work
5)furniture
6)music
3.2)This is a cup of tea. 这是一杯茶。
3)This is a box of candy. 这是一盒糖。
4)This is a piece of bread. 这是一片面包。
5)This is a piece of paper. 这是一张纸。
6)This is a pair of jeans. 这是一条牛仔裤。
7)This is a pair of glasses. 这是一副眼镜。
8)This is a pair of trousers. 这是一条裤子。
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