内容正文:
2026年中考英语长难句训练第九天
原句一:When the students who joined the robotics club tested the machine that could sort waste automatically, they found that its efficiency was higher than they had expected.(2025安徽)
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
1. 句首 "When the students who joined the robotics club tested the machine" 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系。
2. "who joined the robotics club" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。
3. "that could sort waste automatically" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。
4. "that its efficiency was higher" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
5. "than they had expected" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰形容词______。
6. 主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。
二、填空答案与解析
1. 答案:时间状语;When;时间(当…… 时)
· 解析:"When the students...tested the machine" 是时间状语从句,由 When 引导,表“当学生们测试机器时”的时间背景,主从句均用一般过去时(tested/found),体现过去同时发生的动作。
2. 答案:定语;who;students;主语
· 解析:"who joined the robotics club" 是定语从句,关系代词 who 指代先行词 "students",在从句中作主语(承担“加入机器人社团”的动作),修饰“参与测试的学生”,引导词不可省略。
3. 答案:定语;that;machine
· 解析:"that could sort waste automatically" 是定语从句,关系代词 that 指代先行词 "machine",在从句中作主语(机器能自动分类垃圾),说明机器的功能,引导词不可省略。
4. 答案:宾语;that;宾语
· 解析:"that its efficiency was higher" 是宾语从句,由 that 引导,作主句谓语动词 "found" 的宾语,说明学生“发现的内容”。that 无实际意义,从句用一般过去时(was)呼应主句时态。
5. 答案:比较状语;than;higher
· 解析:"than they had expected" 是比较状语从句,由 than 引导,修饰形容词比较级 "higher",表示“比预期更高”,从句用过去完成时 "had expected",强调“预期”发生在“发现”之前。
6. 答案:they;found
· 解析:主句为 "they found that...","they" 指代前文的 "the students",作主语;"found" 是一般过去时谓语,是主句的核心动作。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
1. 主句
· 结构:they found that its efficiency was higher than they had expected
· 主语:they(指代学生)
· 谓语:found
· 宾语:that 引导的宾语从句
2. 时间状语从句
· 结构:When the students who joined the robotics club tested the machine that could sort waste automatically
· 引导词:When
· 主语:the students
· 定语从句:who joined the robotics club(修饰 students)
· 谓语:tested
· 宾语:the machine
· 定语从句:that could sort waste automatically(修饰 machine)
3. 定语从句 1(修饰 students)
· 结构:who joined the robotics club
· 引导词:who(作主语)
· 谓语:joined
· 宾语:the robotics club
4. 定语从句 2(修饰 machine)
· 结构:that could sort waste automatically
· 引导词:that(作主语)
· 谓语:could sort
· 宾语:waste
· 状语:automatically(方式状语)
5. 宾语从句
· 结构:that its efficiency was higher than they had expected
· 引导词:that
· 主语:its efficiency(机器的效率)
· 系动词:was
· 表语:higher
· 比较状语从句:than they had expected
6. 比较状语从句
· 结构:than they had expected
· 引导词:than
· 主语:they
· 谓语:had expected
· 宾语:省略(完整形式为 "than they had expected it to be")
四、翻译
· 逐部分翻译:
· When the students who joined the robotics club tested the machine that could sort waste automatically:当加入机器人社团的学生测试这台能自动分类垃圾的机器时
· they found:他们发现
· that its efficiency was higher:它的效率更高
· than they had expected:比他们预期的
· 整句翻译:
· 当加入机器人社团的学生测试这台能自动分类垃圾的机器时,他们发现其效率比预期的更高。
五、语法知识总结
1. 多重定语从句:
· 句子中 "students" 和 "machine" 分别被定语从句修饰,形成“名词 + 定语从句”的多层修饰结构,"the students who joined...the machine that could...",体现英语“定语后置”的特点。
2. 比较状语从句的时态:
· 比较状语从句用过去完成时 "had expected",强调“预期”发生在主句动作 "found" 之前,符合“过去的过去”时态规则,如 "She was taller than I had thought"。
· 情态动词 could 的用法:
· 定语从句中 "could sort" 表示机器的“能力”,could 是 can 的过去式,与主句时态一致(一般过去时),如 "The robot could work 24 hours a day"。
3. 固定搭配:
· join a club 加入社团;
· sort waste 分类垃圾;
· higher than expected 比预期更高。
原句二:Because the researchers who studied the rare birds found that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities, they decided to set up a protected area where the birds can breed safely.(2025山东)
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
1. 句首 "Because the researchers who studied the rare birds found that..." 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系。
2. "who studied the rare birds" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。
3. "that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
4. "where the birds can breed safely" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。
5. 主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。
6. 过去完成时 "had been destroyed" 表示动作发生在______之前。
二、填空答案与解析
1. 答案:原因状语;Because;因果(因为)
· 解析:"Because the researchers...found that..." 是原因状语从句,由 Because 引导,表“因为…… 所以……”的因果关系,解释主句“决定建立保护区”的原因。
2. 答案:定语;who;researchers;主语
· 解析:"who studied the rare birds" 是定语从句,关系代词 who 指代先行词 "researchers",在从句中作主语(承担“研究”的动作),修饰“研究稀有鸟类的研究人员”。
3. 答案:宾语;that;宾语
· 解析:"that their habitat had been destroyed..." 是宾语从句,由 that 引导,作主句谓语动词 "found" 的宾语,说明研究人员“发现的内容”。that 无实际意义,从句用过去完成时被动语态(had been destroyed),强调栖息地破坏发生在“发现”之前。
4. 答案:定语;where;area;地点状语
· 解析:"where the birds can breed safely" 是定语从句,关系副词 where 指代先行词 "area",在从句中作地点状语(“在保护区里”繁殖),修饰“保护区”的功能。
5. 答案:they;decided
· 解析:主句为 "they decided to set up a protected area...","they" 指代前文的 "researchers",作主语;"decided" 是一般过去时谓语,是主句的核心动作。
6. 答案:主句动作(found)
· 解析:过去完成时 "had been destroyed" 表示“栖息地被破坏”的动作发生在主句动作 "found"(发现)之前,体现“过去的过去”的时间逻辑。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
1. 主句
· 结构:they decided to set up a protected area where the birds can breed safely
· 主语:they(研究人员)
· 谓语:decided
· 宾语:to set up a protected area(不定式短语作宾语)
· 定语从句:where the birds can breed safely(修饰 area)
2. 原因状语从句
· 结构:Because the researchers who studied the rare birds found that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities
· 引导词:Because(表原因)
· 主语:the researchers
· 定语从句:who studied the rare birds(修饰 researchers)
· 谓语:found
· 宾语:that 引导的宾语从句(their habitat had been destroyed...)
3. 定语从句 1(修饰 researchers)
· 结构:who studied the rare birds
· 引导词:who(作主语)
· 谓语:studied
· 宾语:the rare birds
4. 宾语从句
· 结构:that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities
· 引导词:that
· 主语:their habitat(鸟类的栖息地)
· 谓语:had been destroyed(过去完成时被动语态)
· 动作执行者:by human activities(介词短语表被动主体)
5. 定语从句 2(修饰 area)
· 结构:where the birds can breed safely
· 引导词:where(作地点状语)
· 主语:the birds
· 谓语:can breed
· 状语:safely(方式状语)
四、翻译训练
· 逐部分翻译:
· Because the researchers who studied the rare birds found that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities:因为研究稀有鸟类的研究人员发现它们的栖息地已被人类活动破坏
· they decided to set up a protected area:他们决定建立一个保护区
· where the birds can breed safely:让鸟类可以安全繁殖的(保护区)
· 整句翻译:
· 因为研究稀有鸟类的研究人员发现它们的栖息地已被人类活动破坏,所以他们决定建立一个让鸟类可以安全繁殖的保护区。
五、语法知识总结
1. 过去完成时被动语态:
· 结构:had been + 过去分词(如 had been destroyed),表示“过去某一时间之前已被完成的被动动作”,常与一般过去时搭配。
2. 定语从句引导词 where:
· 指代地点名词(如 area),在从句中作地点状语,相当于 "in which",如 "the area where birds breed" = "the area in which birds breed"。
3. 原因状语从句:
· Because 引导的从句直接说明原因,语气最强,可回答 why 的提问,如 "Why did they set up a area? Because the habitat was destroyed."
4. 不定式作宾语:
· "decided to set up" 中,不定式短语 to set up 作宾语,常见于 decide/plan/want 等动词后,如 "want to go home"。
5. 固定搭配:
· set up a protected area 建立保护区;
· breed safely 安全繁殖;
· be destroyed by 被…… 破坏。
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