2026年中考英语长难句训练第九天

2025-08-29
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 -
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 中考复习-一轮复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 33 KB
发布时间 2025-08-29
更新时间 2025-08-29
作者 慧识分享
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审核时间 2025-08-29
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2026年中考英语长难句训练第九天 原句一:When the students who joined the robotics club tested the machine that could sort waste automatically, they found that its efficiency was higher than they had expected.(2025安徽) 一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)​ 1. 句首 "When the students who joined the robotics club tested the machine" 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系。 2. "who joined the robotics club" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。 3. "that could sort waste automatically" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。 4. "that its efficiency was higher" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。 5. "than they had expected" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰形容词______。 6. 主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。 二、填空答案与解析​ 1. 答案:时间状语;When;时间(当…… 时) · 解析:"When the students...tested the machine" 是时间状语从句,由 When 引导,表“当学生们测试机器时”的时间背景,主从句均用一般过去时(tested/found),体现过去同时发生的动作。 2. 答案:定语;who;students;主语 · 解析:"who joined the robotics club" 是定语从句,关系代词 who 指代先行词 "students",在从句中作主语(承担“加入机器人社团”的动作),修饰“参与测试的学生”,引导词不可省略。 3. 答案:定语;that;machine · 解析:"that could sort waste automatically" 是定语从句,关系代词 that 指代先行词 "machine",在从句中作主语(机器能自动分类垃圾),说明机器的功能,引导词不可省略。 4. 答案:宾语;that;宾语 · 解析:"that its efficiency was higher" 是宾语从句,由 that 引导,作主句谓语动词 "found" 的宾语,说明学生“发现的内容”。that 无实际意义,从句用一般过去时(was)呼应主句时态。 5. 答案:比较状语;than;higher · 解析:"than they had expected" 是比较状语从句,由 than 引导,修饰形容词比较级 "higher",表示“比预期更高”,从句用过去完成时 "had expected",强调“预期”发生在“发现”之前。 6. 答案:they;found · 解析:主句为 "they found that...","they" 指代前文的 "the students",作主语;"found" 是一般过去时谓语,是主句的核心动作。 三、句子结构成分详细分析 1. 主句 · 结构:they found that its efficiency was higher than they had expected · 主语:they(指代学生) · 谓语:found · 宾语:that 引导的宾语从句 2. 时间状语从句 · 结构:When the students who joined the robotics club tested the machine that could sort waste automatically · 引导词:When · 主语:the students · 定语从句:who joined the robotics club(修饰 students) · 谓语:tested · 宾语:the machine · 定语从句:that could sort waste automatically(修饰 machine) 3. 定语从句 1(修饰 students) · 结构:who joined the robotics club · 引导词:who(作主语) · 谓语:joined · 宾语:the robotics club 4. 定语从句 2(修饰 machine) · 结构:that could sort waste automatically · 引导词:that(作主语) · 谓语:could sort · 宾语:waste · 状语:automatically(方式状语) 5. 宾语从句 · 结构:that its efficiency was higher than they had expected · 引导词:that · 主语:its efficiency(机器的效率) · 系动词:was · 表语:higher · 比较状语从句:than they had expected 6. 比较状语从句 · 结构:than they had expected · 引导词:than · 主语:they · 谓语:had expected · 宾语:省略(完整形式为 "than they had expected it to be") 四、翻译 · 逐部分翻译:​ · When the students who joined the robotics club tested the machine that could sort waste automatically:当加入机器人社团的学生测试这台能自动分类垃圾的机器时 · they found:他们发现 · that its efficiency was higher:它的效率更高 · than they had expected:比他们预期的 · 整句翻译: · 当加入机器人社团的学生测试这台能自动分类垃圾的机器时,他们发现其效率比预期的更高。 五、语法知识总结 1. 多重定语从句: · 句子中 "students" 和 "machine" 分别被定语从句修饰,形成“名词 + 定语从句”的多层修饰结构,"the students who joined...the machine that could...",体现英语“定语后置”的特点。 2. 比较状语从句的时态: · 比较状语从句用过去完成时 "had expected",强调“预期”发生在主句动作 "found" 之前,符合“过去的过去”时态规则,如 "She was taller than I had thought"。 · 情态动词 could 的用法: · 定语从句中 "could sort" 表示机器的“能力”,could 是 can 的过去式,与主句时态一致(一般过去时),如 "The robot could work 24 hours a day"。 3. 固定搭配: · join a club 加入社团; · sort waste 分类垃圾; · higher than expected 比预期更高。 原句二:Because the researchers who studied the rare birds found that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities, they decided to set up a protected area where the birds can breed safely.(2025山东) 一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处) 1. 句首 "Because the researchers who studied the rare birds found that..." 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系。 2. "who studied the rare birds" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。 3. "that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。 4. "where the birds can breed safely" 是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。 5. 主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。 6. 过去完成时 "had been destroyed" 表示动作发生在______之前。 二、填空答案与解析 1. 答案:原因状语;Because;因果(因为) · 解析:"Because the researchers...found that..." 是原因状语从句,由 Because 引导,表“因为…… 所以……”的因果关系,解释主句“决定建立保护区”的原因。 2. 答案:定语;who;researchers;主语 · 解析:"who studied the rare birds" 是定语从句,关系代词 who 指代先行词 "researchers",在从句中作主语(承担“研究”的动作),修饰“研究稀有鸟类的研究人员”。 3. 答案:宾语;that;宾语 · 解析:"that their habitat had been destroyed..." 是宾语从句,由 that 引导,作主句谓语动词 "found" 的宾语,说明研究人员“发现的内容”。that 无实际意义,从句用过去完成时被动语态(had been destroyed),强调栖息地破坏发生在“发现”之前。 4. 答案:定语;where;area;地点状语 · 解析:"where the birds can breed safely" 是定语从句,关系副词 where 指代先行词 "area",在从句中作地点状语(“在保护区里”繁殖),修饰“保护区”的功能。 5. 答案:they;decided · 解析:主句为 "they decided to set up a protected area...","they" 指代前文的 "researchers",作主语;"decided" 是一般过去时谓语,是主句的核心动作。 6. 答案:主句动作(found) · 解析:过去完成时 "had been destroyed" 表示“栖息地被破坏”的动作发生在主句动作 "found"(发现)之前,体现“过去的过去”的时间逻辑。 三、句子结构成分详细分析 1. 主句 · 结构:they decided to set up a protected area where the birds can breed safely · 主语:they(研究人员) · 谓语:decided · 宾语:to set up a protected area(不定式短语作宾语) · 定语从句:where the birds can breed safely(修饰 area) 2. 原因状语从句 · 结构:Because the researchers who studied the rare birds found that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities · 引导词:Because(表原因) · 主语:the researchers · 定语从句:who studied the rare birds(修饰 researchers) · 谓语:found · 宾语:that 引导的宾语从句(their habitat had been destroyed...) 3. 定语从句 1(修饰 researchers) · 结构:who studied the rare birds · 引导词:who(作主语) · 谓语:studied · 宾语:the rare birds 4. 宾语从句 · 结构:that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities · 引导词:that · 主语:their habitat(鸟类的栖息地) · 谓语:had been destroyed(过去完成时被动语态) · 动作执行者:by human activities(介词短语表被动主体) 5. 定语从句 2(修饰 area) · 结构:where the birds can breed safely · 引导词:where(作地点状语) · 主语:the birds · 谓语:can breed · 状语:safely(方式状语) 四、翻译训练 · 逐部分翻译: · Because the researchers who studied the rare birds found that their habitat had been destroyed by human activities:因为研究稀有鸟类的研究人员发现它们的栖息地已被人类活动破坏 · they decided to set up a protected area:他们决定建立一个保护区 · where the birds can breed safely:让鸟类可以安全繁殖的(保护区) · 整句翻译: · 因为研究稀有鸟类的研究人员发现它们的栖息地已被人类活动破坏,所以他们决定建立一个让鸟类可以安全繁殖的保护区。 五、语法知识总结 1. 过去完成时被动语态: · 结构:had been + 过去分词(如 had been destroyed),表示“过去某一时间之前已被完成的被动动作”,常与一般过去时搭配。 2. 定语从句引导词 where: · 指代地点名词(如 area),在从句中作地点状语,相当于 "in which",如 "the area where birds breed" = "the area in which birds breed"。 3. 原因状语从句: · Because 引导的从句直接说明原因,语气最强,可回答 why 的提问,如 "Why did they set up a area? Because the habitat was destroyed." 4. 不定式作宾语: · "decided to set up" 中,不定式短语 to set up 作宾语,常见于 decide/plan/want 等动词后,如 "want to go home"。 5. 固定搭配: · set up a protected area 建立保护区; · breed safely 安全繁殖; · be destroyed by 被…… 破坏。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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2026年中考英语长难句训练第九天
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