动词be的用法（讲义）-2025-2026学年人教PEP版（2012）英语六年级下册

UNIT 1 动词be的用法 构成陈述句：主语＋be＋名词 【经典剖析】 1．be是个连系动词。下表归纳了动词be随主语变化的规则。 2．句型：由主语加动词be，后接名词构成句子。 主语＋be＋名词（单数） I am a pupil. 我是一个学生。 You are a teacher. 你是一个老师。 She is a nurse. 她是一个护士。 主语＋be＋名词（复数） We are pupils. 我们是学生。 You are soldiers. 你们是战士。 They are workers. 他们是工人。 ◇什么叫名词 ：表示人或物的名称的词叫名词，如cow （牛）、tree （树）、teacher （老师）、Shanghai （上海）、Li Ming （李明）等。 ◇什么叫代词 ：指代名词的词叫代词。指代人名的叫人称代词。作主语的人称代词，如I （我）、you （你）、she （她）、they （他们）等叫主格人称代词。 ◇什么叫主语 ：句子主要说明的人或事物叫主语。名词或代词可用做主语。 ◇be动词的作用 ：be 是一个连系动词，后面常接名词、代词、数词或形容词，和前面的主语一起构成一个句子。 3．交际与运用：看图并阅读图下的句子。在be动词后名词不变的情况下，改变主语造句。 I am a pupil. I'm not a teacher. 我是个学生。我不是老师。 You are teachers. You aren't doctors. 你们是老师。你们不是医生。 技能点睛 汉语说“我是”、“你是”、“他是”的“是”，英语用动词be，但这个be必须跟着主语变。人们在口语或书面语中常将be动词与主语代词或否定词not连在一起，用缩略符号'来表达。 UNIT 1 EXERCISES 1．用am，is，are填空： 1）He ______________ a taxi driver. 2）I ______________ a good tennis player. 3）She ______________ my English teacher. 4）We ______________ good friends. 5）You ______________ a worker. 6）It ______________ a big house. 2．用缩略形式改写下列句子： 1）She is my sister.__________________________________________ 2）You are my friends.__________________________________________ 3）They are not doctors.__________________________________________ 4）We are your friends.__________________________________________ 5）He is not your father.__________________________________________ 6）It is a dictionary.__________________________________________ 3．根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词： 1）我们是新学生。我们不是老师。 We ______________ new students. We ______________ _____________ teachers. 2）他不是汽车驾驶员。他是个警察。 He ______________ ______________ a bus driver. He ______________ a policeman. 3）他是个工程师。他不是艺术家。 He ______________ an engineer. He ______________ ______________ an artist. 4）我们不是兄弟。我们是同班同学。 We ______________ ______________ brothers. We ______________ classmates. 5）我的父亲是工人。他不是医生。 My father ______________ a worker. He ______________ ______________ a doctor. 6）北京和上海是大城市。 Beijing and Shanghai ______________ big cities. 构成陈述句：主语＋be＋形容词／地点词 【经典剖析】 1．句型：由主语加动词be，后接形容词构成句子。 主语（名词或代词）＋动词be＋形容词 I am young . 我年轻。 We are busy . 我们忙。 The flower is beautiful . 花儿美丽。 ◇本句型的特点◇ 本句型中be动词后的形容词是对主语（名词或代词）进行描述或提供信息。 I'm tired but I'm not hungry . 我累了，但我不饿。 It's sunny today but it isn't warm . 今天阳光明媚，但不暖和。 2．句型：由主语加动词be，后接地点词构成句子。 主语（名词或代词）＋动词be＋地点词 I am here . 我在这里。 She is in the room . 她在房间里。 The shoes are under the desk . 鞋在桌子下面。 ◇本句型的特点◇ 本句型中be动词后的地点词常叫做副词。地点副词常由介词加名词构成。 Li Ming's at home . He's not at school . 李明在家里。他不在学校。 The child is in the toy shop . He is not in the garden . 孩子在玩具店。他不在花园。 3．交际与运用：看图并阅读图下的句子，在主语不变的情况下，改变be动词后的形容词和地点词造句。 The boy is sick. 那孩子病了。 We are very happy. 我们很快活。 A book is in his hand. 他手里有本书。 A TV is on the desk. 桌子上有一台电视机。 技能点睛 动词be后的形容词是对主语进行描述或提供信息，地点词是说明主语（某人或某物）所处的位置，译成汉语时，动词be不能翻译为“是”或“不是”。 UNIT 2 EXERCISES 1．选择方框中所给的形容词，用“主语＋be＋形容词”结构完成下列句子： happy，old，dirty，tall，cheap，rich，cold，red，difficult 例：I'm not sad. I'm happy. 1）He's not poor. _________________________________________ 2）The flowers aren't blue. _________________________________________ 3）Our teacher isn't short. _________________________________________ 4）The exam isn't easy. _________________________________________ 5）My grandmother isn't young. _________________________________________ 6）The clothes aren't clean. _________________________________________ 7）The weather isn't warm. _________________________________________ 8）These bicycles aren't expensive. _________________________________________ 2．根据汉语提示，选择方框中所给的地点词，用“主语＋be＋地点词”结构完成下列句子： at home，on the desk，on the bed，next to the book，in his hand，from Beijing，upstairs，under the desk 1）书不在桌子上。The book __________________________________________ 2）老师在楼上。The teacher _________________________________________ 3）一根香蕉在他手里。A banana ______________________________________ 4）猫在桌子下。A cat _______________________________________________ 5）我的衣服在床上。My clothes ______________________________________ 6）李明和刘英来自北京。Li Ming and Liu Ying ________________________ 7）我母亲不在家。My mother _________________________________________ 8）铅笔盒在书旁。The pencil box ____________________________________ 3．根据图的内容，分别用“is，isn't或are，aren't＋所给形容词／地点词”写话： 1）The apple, big, small ________________________ ________________________ 2）They, happy, sad ________________________ ________________________ 3）A banana, next to the book, on the desk ________________________ ________________________ 4）Two boxes, on the desk, under the desk ________________________ ________________________ 构成一般疑问句：be＋主语＋表语 【经典剖析】 1．由be动词构成的陈述句转换成一般疑问句的语序变化。 ◇疑问句的构成 ：由be动词构成的句子，将陈述句转换成疑问句，只需将be动词放到句首。 ◇什么叫表语 ：动词be后紧接的名词、形容词或地点词，在语法上称做表语，或主语补足语（因为它是对主语的补充说明）。 2．一般疑问句的简略回答。 3．交际与运用：看图并阅读图下的句子，然后仿照所给模式造句。 陈述句：The sun is a ball of fire. 太阳是一个火球。 疑问句：Is the sun a ball of fire? 太阳是一个火球吗？ 肯定回答：Yes，it is. 是的，太阳是个火球。 陈述句：These flowers are beautiful. 这些花儿很美丽。 疑问句：Are these flowers beautiful? 这些花儿美丽吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, they are. 是的，它们很美。 技能点睛 凡yes引导的简略回答不能使用缩略式，如不说Yes, I'm./Yes, it's./Yes, they're.应该说Yes, I am./Yes, it is./Yes, they are. UNIT 3 EXERCISES 1．将下列句子改为疑问句，并作简略的肯定回答和否定回答： 1）He is a policeman. ____________________ __________ __________ 2）They are shop assistants. ____________________ __________ __________ 3）She is hungry. ____________________ __________ __________ 4）The piano is very expensive. ____________________ __________ __________ 5）The boy is behind the door. ____________________ __________ __________ 2．根据B角色提供的完整回答，写出A角色的提问： 1）A：_________________________________________________________ B：Yes, he is our English teacher. 2）A：_________________________________________________________ B：No, my mother is a nurse. She isn't a teacher. 3）A：_________________________________________________________ B：Yes, I'm very thirsty. 4）A：_________________________________________________________ B：Yes, the stories are very interesting. 5）A：_________________________________________________________ B：No, the ducks aren't in the garden. They're on the river. 3．看图写话： 1） 疑问句：_______________________________________ 回 答：_______________________________________ 2） 疑问句：_______________________________________ 回 答：_______________________________________ 构成特殊疑问句：用where/what/who/whose/how提问 【经典剖析】 1．常与动词be连用的特殊疑问词及其含义。 where “哪里”，用于对处所的提问 who/whose “谁”/“谁的”用于对人的提问 what “什么”，用于对某事物的提问 how “怎样”，用于询问性质、状况、方式等 2．句型：由特殊疑问词加动词be构成的特殊疑问句。 特殊疑问词＋动词be＋主语 Where is the book? 书在哪里？ What are these? 这些东西是什么？ Who is that girl? 那个女孩是谁？ Whose bag is it? 这是谁的包？ How are you? 你好吗？ ◇本句型的特点◇ ①本句型以特殊疑问词开头，后接动词be的形式根据主语而定。主语是单数，be动词用is；主语是复数或you，be动词用are；主语是I，be动词用am。 ②whose后常紧接名词的单数或复数。 3．问与答（完整回答）。 4．问与答（简略回答）。 5．交际与运用。 技能点睛 以特殊疑问词开头的句子，后紧接is时也常用缩略形式：What is➭What's；Who is➭Who's；Where is➭Where's；How is➭How's。How old 用于询问年龄。 UNIT 4 EXERCISES 1．根据左框内的问句，从右框中找出与之相匹配的回答： 2．根据回答，用What colour.../Who.../Whose.../Where.../How old...加be动词提问，注意be动词的形式： 1）A：_______________________________________ your father? B：He's forty years old. 2）A：_______________________________________ your bike? B：It's black. 3）A：_______________________________________ the boys in the picture? B：They're my classmates. 4）A：_______________________________________ you from? B：I'm from Australia. 5）A：_______________________________________ these oranges? B：They're Li Ming's. 3．阅读下列句子，并针对画线部分提问： 1）My father is a doctor. _______________________________________________________ 2）The hospital is in the north of the city. _______________________________________________________ 3）It is Li Ming's bike. _______________________________________________________ 4）They are Li Ming and Zhang Ying. _______________________________________________________ 5）Liu Ying is sick. _______________________________________________________ 6）She is twelve years old. _______________________________________________________ UNIT 1 参考答案 构成陈述句：主语＋be＋名词 1．1）is 2）am 3）is 4）are 5）are 6）is 2．1）She's my sister. 2）You're my friends. 3）They aren't doctors. 4）We're your friends. 5）He isn't your father. 6）It's a dictionary. 3．1）are, are not 2）is not, is 3）is, is not 4）are not, are 5）is, is not 6）are 构成陈述句：主语＋be＋形容词／地点词 1．1）He's rich. 2）They're red. 3）He's/She's tall. 4）It's difficult. 5）She's old. 6）They're dirty. 7）It's cold. 8）They're cheap. 2．1）isn't on the desk. 2）is upstairs. 3）is in his hand. 4）is under the desk. 5）are on the bed. 6）are from Beijing. 7）isn't at home. 8）is next to the book. 3．1）The apple is big. It isn't small. 2）They are happy. They are not sad. 3）A banana is next to the book. It isn't on the desk. 4）Two boxes are on the desk. They aren't under the desk. 构成一般疑问句：be＋主语＋表语 1．1）Is he a policeman? Yes, he is./No, he isn't. 2）Are they shop assistants? Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 3）Is she hungry? Yes, she is./No, she isn't. 4）Is the piano very expensive? Yes, it is./No, it isn't. 5）Is the boy behind the door? Yes, he is./No, he isn't. 2．1）Is he your English teacher? 2）Is your mother a teacher? 3）Are you thirsty? 4）Are the stories very interesting? 5）Are the ducks in the garden? 3．1）Is Mr Jack a driver? Yes, he is. 2）Is the clock on the table? Yes, it is. 构成特殊疑问句：用where/what/who/whose/how提问 1．1）F 2）B 3）G 4）D 5）A 6）C 7）E 8）H 2．1）How old is 2）What colour is 3）Who are 4）Where are 5）Whose are 3．1）What is your father? 2）Where is the hospital? 3）Whose bike is it? 4）Who are they? 5）How is Liu Ying? 6）How old is she? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$