Unit 1 Laugh out loud! Using language Non-defining attributive clause 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第一册

非限定从 目录 01 02 03 04 定义 引导词 特殊情况 练习 01 定义 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句在句中主要起补充说明作用,与主句之间往往用逗号隔开,独立存在,缺失也不会影响整个句子的意思 02 引导词 关系代词 代指人 代指物 主语 who which 宾语 whom which 定语 whose whose 关系副词 when（时间）, where（地点）, for which（原因） 1.who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook. 我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,烹调好极了。 2.whom引导的非限制性定语从句 关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词或介词宾语。 Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。 3.whose引导的非限制性定语从句 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。 The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。 02 引导词 02 引导词 4.which引导的非限制性定语从句 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 (1)which指代主句中的名词。 These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not had any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽种的,还没有结过果实。 Water, which is a kind of clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。 02 引导词 (2)which指代主句中的某个从句。 He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。 (3)which指代整个主句。 In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。 02 引导词 5.when引导的非限制性定语从句 关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。 He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free. 他将把野餐推迟到5月1日,那时他将有空。 6.where引导的非限制性定语从句 关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。 They went to London, where they lived for six months. 他们去了伦敦,在那儿住了六个月。 02 引导词 7.“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 关系代词有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。 They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines, without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄藤架的杆儿,没有它们产量会减少一半。 They thanked Tom, without whose support they would not have succeeded. 他们感谢了汤姆,如果没有他的支持他们不会成功。 02 引导词 8.“名词/代词+of+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句 It now has 20,000 hectares of land, more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地,其中超过三分之二已经耕种。 02 引导词 9.as引导的非限制性定语从句 as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,且引出的从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中间,通常由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……,就像……”之意。 As is known to the Americans, Mark Twain is a great American writer. 美国人都知道,马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语) He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语) As we all know, the earth is round. 众所周知,地球是圆的。 (as在从句中作宾语) 03 特殊情况 03 特殊情况 10.非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况 (1)非限制性定语从句不可用that引导。 The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. 这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的注意。 (2)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who。 York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city. 我去年访问过约克,那是个古老而美丽的城市。 (3)非限制性定语从句不可用why引导,需用for which替代why。 None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent. 我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。 03 特殊情况 11. which和as引导的非限定从的区别 1) which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果，它只能位于主句后面。 He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变主意了，这使得我们大家都生气了。 2) 在从句中做定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。 Jenny might come, in which case I’ll ask her. 詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。 She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Peking University. 她毕业于当地一所中学，之后她去了北京大学。 3) 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语（宾语+宾补）时，一般用which而不用as。 He pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand. 他假装不认识我，这是我搞不明白的。 He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange. 4) as引导的非限定从，先行词为整个主句，as在从句中可以作主语、宾语，可放于句首、句中或句末。 As everybody knows, Shakespeare was a great English writer. 众所周知，莎士比亚是一位伟大的英国作家。 Tom is a brave boy, as is described in the report. 汤姆是一个勇敢的男孩，这正如报道中描述的那样。 The project, as we had expected, got along well. 正如我们预料的那样，工程进展顺利。 【特别提示】 as引导非限定从时，常译为“正如…”，常见搭配如下: as we all know 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得 as often happens 这经常发生 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as you see 如你所见 as has been said before 如前所述 as is well known 众所周知 as is often the case 情况尝尝如此 … 04 练习巩固 Practice makes perfect. The clown, _________ had hurt his ankle at the beginning of the show, did the trick at last. There are all kinds of “laugh” among people, _________ contain laughing aloud, smiling, grinning, roaring, cracking a smile. A practical joke is a trick _________ is intended to make someone a laughing stock, _________ feels embarrassed and ridiculous. The man is a witty linguist, _________ has won international fame for his unique brand of humour. _________ you see, a smile _________ can only impress others deeply is genuine. This food also provides vitamin A, _________ is essential for healthy skin and good eyesight. who which which/that who who As which/that which Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, _________ small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. Kate, _________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a claiming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of _________ have emotional control issues. Many lessons are now available online, from _________ students can choose for free. This is Mr Green, with __________help I’ve made great progress in English. where whose whom which whose Thank you! $$