2025年中考英语语法 讲义 Part 12 被动语态

中学英语语法详解大全(讲义) Part 12 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态: 要点提示 1. 只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态形式; 2. 不及物动词(短语)由于不接宾语,所以没有被动语态形式,但有些不及物动词如果与某些介词或副词构成动词短语,可以有被动语态形式。如: The baby can be looked after by me. 这个婴儿可以由我照料。 1 被动语态的构成 1. 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p.)”构成,助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。 1 及物动词 be+及物动词(短语)的过去分词 (时态变化体现在助动词be上) I am often praised by the teachers. 我经常受到老师们的表扬。 The sports meeting will be put off . 运动会将被推迟。 The street is being widened . 那条街道正在加宽。 The fire has been put out . 火已经被扑灭了。 2 情态动词+及物动词 情态动词+be+及物动词(短语)的过去分词 This work must be finished before tomorrow. 此工作必须在明天以前完成。 主动语态变为被动语态: 2. 各种时态被动语态的构成 要点提示 1. 主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的人称和数要与新主语保持一致; 2. 将来进行时以及现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时的被动语态很少见。 练一练 把下列句子改写成被动语态: 1. Everybody likes this song. _ 2. We saw him off at the airport. _ 3. He wrote a poem. _ 1. This song is liked by everybody. 2. He was seen off at the airport by us. 3. A poem was written by him. 2 被动语态的句式变化 句式类型 不含情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词(+by…). He was elected monitor last week.他上周被选为班长。 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词(+by…). The flowers should be watered in the morning.应该早上给花浇水。 否定句 主语+be not+过去分词(+by…). He was not elected monitor last week.他上周没有被选为班长。 主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词(+by…). The flowers should not be watered in the morning.不应该早上给花浇水。 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词(+by…)? Was he elected monitor last week?他上周被选为班长了吗? 情态动词+主语+be+过去分词(+by…)? Should the flowers be watered in the morning?早上应该给花浇水吗? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by…)? When was he elected monitor?他什么时候被选为班长的? 疑问词+情态动词+be+过去分词(+by...)? When should the flowers be watered ? 应该什么时候给花浇水? 练一练 把下列主动语态改为被动语态: 1. When did they build the bridge? _ 2. Have they posted the letter? _ 3. You must finish the work today _ 1. When was the bridge built(by them)? 2. Has the letter been posted(by them)? 3. The work must be finished today(by you). 3 被动语态的用法 1 强调动作的承受者时 The room hasn’t been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。 2 不知或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 His bike was stolen last night. 他的自行车昨晚被人偷走了。 3 出于礼貌或避免说出动作的执行者时 Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。 4 动作的执行者是无生命的事物时 The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。 练一练 1. A red sky in the morning _to be a sign of bad weather. A. say B. is saying C. has said D. is said 2. The reading room _yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 3. The boy will _back to her parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending 1. D 2. D 3. C 4 特殊形式的被动语态 1.含有“宾语+宾语补足语”的句子,变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。如: They named the baby Beibei. The baby was named Beibei by them. 他们给这个婴儿起名为“贝贝”。 注意:不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变成被动句时要加上to。如: I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. 我看到他进入房子。 2. 句中含有双宾语,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式,但多以间接宾语作主语。若将直接宾语作主语,这时要在间接宾语前加上介词to 或for 。如: I gave Jim a book yesterday. Jim was given a book yesterday(by me). A book was given to Jim yesterday(by me). 昨天我给了吉姆一本书。 3. 句中的动词短语要作为整体看,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。如: My grandma looks after my little brother. My little brother is looked after by my grandma. 奶奶照看我的小弟弟。 4. 主动语态中的宾语是从句,变成被动句时可使用it 作为形式主语,变为“It be+ 过去分词+原宾语从句”结构或“Sb./Sth. be+ 过去分词+to do ”结构。如: They say that she is very clever . It is said that she is very clever. 或 She is said to be very clever. 他们说她很聪明。 5. nobody, no one 等否定意义的不定代词作主语,变为被动句时,将其变为anybody, 且将谓语动词变为否定形式。如: Nobody can stop the wheel of history. The wheel of history can’t be stopped by anybody . 没有人能够阻挡历史的车轮。 练一练 1. Paul doesn’t have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 2. Who _this book _? A. did; written by B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written 3. A story _by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us 1. B 2. B 3. B 5 动词的主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1 有些动词用主动形式表被动意义,常见的有:write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等 The pen writes fluently. 这支笔写起来流利。 2 某些感觉动词的主动形式表示被动意义 The flowers smell sweet. 花儿闻起来很香。 3 be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动意义 The novel is worth reading . 这个小说值得一读。 4 在need, want, require等动词后,可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义 The flowers need watering . 花需要浇水。 练一练 1. —What do you think of the TV play? —Wonderful. It is worth _a second time. A. watched B. watching C. seen D. seeing 2. Books of this kind _well. A. sell B. selling C. are sold D. is sold 3. This material _very soft. A. feel B. feels C. felt D. is felt 1. B 2. A 3. B 6 被动语态与系表结构 7 get-型被动语态 练一练 1. Look out! Please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will _. A. burn B. burnt C. burning D. get burnt 2. I _dressed as quickly as I could. A. made B. had C. got D. was 1. D 2. C 被动语态习题 一、单项填空 1. —So what is the procedure? —All the applicants _before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed 2. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done 3. A Midsummer Night’s Dream _at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened 4. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _. We must act immediately before there’s nothing left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 5. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid 6. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _. A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt 7. Experiments of this kind _in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 8. In the last few years, thousands of films _all over the world. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 9. A lot of people often forget thatoral exams _to test our communicative ability. A. design B. are designed C. are designing D. are being designed 10. All visitors to this village _with kindness. A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 二、将下列句子改成被动语态 1. My father will repair my bike for me. My bike _by my father for me. 2. Nobody knew me in this town at that time. I _in this town at that time _. 3. He made me do that for him. I _that for him. 4. We’ll put on an English play in our school. An English play _in our school. 5. We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. _that the plan should be carried out soon. 6. They have sold out the light green dresses. _by them. 7. He gave me some old magazines. Some old magazines _. 8. We are carrying out many interesting experiments these days. _by us these days. 9. Did he say anything interesting? _by him? 10. Where do they sell the cars? _by them? 答案解析 一、单项填空 1. 【解析】 选C。句中applicants与interview之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;且句子所述的为一般情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。 2. 【解析】 选D。从句中nothing和do之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;且根据主句的一般将来时态可知,if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时,故选D。 3. 【解析】 选A。句意:《仲夏夜之梦》于6月19日在皇家剧院首映,然后在苏格兰各地巡回演出。根据并列连词and之后的谓语动词tours可知,open应用一般现在时;且A Midsummer Night’s Dream 和open之间为主动关系,故用一般现在时的主动语态,故选A。 4. 【解析】 选B。根据句意可知,食品供应即将耗尽。run out为不及物动词短语,不能使用被动形式,因此排除C、D;根据后句句意可知目前还没用完,排除A。B项为现在进行时态,可以表示将来,符合句意,故选B。 5. 【解析】 选A。在时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来,且I与pay之间是被动关系,故选A。 6. 【解析】 选A。句意:他们现在和父母一起居住,因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意,rebuilt应使用现在进行时,且house与rebuilt之间为被动关系,故选A。 7. 【解析】 选D。句意:早在二战爆发前,美国和欧洲就都进行了这种试验。首先experiments与conduct之间是被动关系,而且the Second World War是过去的时间点,well before the Second World War表示的时间是过去的过去,故选D。 8. 【解析】 选B。句意:在过去的几年里,全世界制作了成千上万部电影。in the last few years是现在完成时的标志,表示某动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在;且films和produce之间是被动关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态。 9. 【解析】 选B。句意:很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时,常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用,故design用一般现在时;且oral exams与design之间是被动关系,故选用一般现在时的被动语态。 10. 【解析】 选B。句意:所有来这个村庄的游客都受到了友好的招待。根据语境,treat应用一般现在时;且all visitors与treat之间是被动关系,故选B。 二、将下列句子改成被动语态 1. 【解析】 will be repaired。主动句变为被动句时,谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”,be与新主语的人称和数一致,时态不变。 2. 【解析】 wasn’t known; by anybody。当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,前加by,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。 3. 【解析】 was made to do。使役动词make, have, let在被动语态中,其后的不定式符号to不能省略。 4. 【解析】 will be put on。动词短语put on在句中作谓语,应看作一个整体,一个及物动词,变为被动语态时on不可和put拆开。 5. 【解析】 It has been determined。含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句,通常用it作为被动结构的形式主语,把宾语从句后置。 6. 【解析】 The light green dresses have been sold out。主动句变为被动句时,谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”,be与新主语的人称和数一致,时态不变。 7. 【解析】 were given to me by him。主动句中含有双宾语,被动句是以直接宾语作主语,这时要在间接宾语前加介词to。 8. 【解析】 Many interesting experiments are being carried out。现在进行时的被动语态的构成:be+being+过去分词。注意不可遗漏being。 9. 【解析】 Was anything interesting said。把be动词放在句首,就构成了被动语态的一般疑问句。被动句里是不定代词anything interesting作主语,所以be动词用was。 10.【解析】 Where are the cars sold。被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$