小学英语语法详解大全（讲义）Part 10 动词的时态（讲义）-2025-2026学年人教PEP版（2012）英语六年级下册

该小学英语小升初复习讲义聚焦动词时态核心考点，涵盖一般现在时、一般过去时等七大基础时态，以“导入复习-知识梳理-重点突破-巩固练习”为教学流程，帮助学生系统掌握各时态构成、用法及易混点。 亮点在于分层突破与情境化练习设计，如通过“巧记口诀”帮助学生快速记忆非进行时动词，结合“练一练”中“The students will go to the Summer Palace if it...”等真题情境题，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。每个时态配套句型对比表与错题解析，助力学生精准突破时态难点，教师可据此把握考点分布，提升复习效率。

小学英语语法详解大全（讲义） Part 10 动词的时态1 英语时态是一种用来表示不同时间中动作发生的动词形式。 按时间划分 现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来 按动作形式划分 一般时、进行时、完成时、完成进行时 下面以do为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 1 一般现在时 一般现在时用动词原形，第三人称单数有变化。动词be的一般现在时形式有is, am, are三种，have有has, have两种。 1. 一般现在时的句型 要点提示 1. 动词have表示“有”时，否定形式比较特殊 1. 动词have表示“有”时，否定形式比较特殊，既可以在其前面加“助动词+not”，也可以在其后面直接加not。如： I don’t have a bank account. =I haven’t a bank account. 我没有银行账户。 疑问形式也比较特殊，既可以在句首加助动词，也可以直接把have/has提到句首。如： Do you have a bank account? =Have you a bank account? 你有银行账户吗？ 2. 当have不表示“有”时，其否定式和疑问式和其他实义动词一样，只有一种形式。既可以在其前面加“助动词+not ”，也可以在其后面直接加not 。如： 2. 一般现在时的用法 用法 例句 1 经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 He often runs in the morning. 他经常在早上跑步。 2 主语现在的职业、性格、能力、特征等 She is our English teacher. 她是我们的英语老师。 3 客观事实、普遍真理、科学道理、自然现象或名言警句 Summer comes after spring.春去夏来。 4 按日历、时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作 School begins the day after tomorrow. 后天开学。 5 报刊、杂志、书籍或小说、电影、戏剧的情节介绍、图片说明 The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money.作者说士兵们是为了自由而不是为了金钱而战。 6 时间、条件和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态 If the rain stops , we’ll be able to go out for a walk.如果雨停了，我们就能出去散步了。 练一练 1. He sits down and ______ a rest. A. having B. have C. to have D. has 2. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ______ tomorrow. A. don’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain D. didn’t rain 3. He often ______ supper at 6:00 in the evening. A. have B. has C. is having D. is eating 1. D 2. B 3. B 2 一般过去时 一般过去时由规则或不规则动词的过去式表示。动词be在第一、三人称单数作主语的句子中用was，其余用were；动词have一律用had 。 1. 一般过去时的句型 谓语动词 句型 例句 谓语由实义动词充当 陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它. 否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ He entered the room. He didn’t enter the room. Did he enter the room? 谓语由动词be充当 陈述句：主语+was/were+表语. 否定句：主语+was/were+not+表语. 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+表语? I was tired after a long walk. I was not tired after a long walk. Were you tired after a long walk? 2. 一般过去时的用法 用法 例句 1 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用 I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。 2 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作 Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。 备注：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在 练一练 1. When ______Lee ______school this morning? A. did; got to B. did; get to C. did; get D. did; got 2. ______your parents at home last week? A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were 3. Mary is out, but she ______here a few minutes ago. A. is B. was C. were D. are 1. B 2. D 3. B 3 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的句型 主语 句型 例句 第一人称作主语 陈述句：主语+shall/will+动词原形+其它. 否定句：主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其它？ I/We shall /will work here. I/We shall /will not work here. Shall /Will I/We work here? 第二、三人称作主语 陈述句：主语+will+动词原形+其它. 否定句：主语+will+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+其它？ You/He/She/It/They will work here. You/He/She/It/They will not work here. Will you/he/she/it/they work here? 备注：will用于各种人称，shall只用于第一人称 2. 一般将来时的用法 用法 例句 1 表示将来某个时间点要发生的事 The concert will start in a minute. 音乐会马上就开始了。 2 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 It will be fine tomorrow.明天会是好天气。 3 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事 I shall /will be thirty next month. 下个月我就满三十岁了。 4 在疑问句中用来征询对方意见 What shall we do this weekend? 本周末我们要干什么？ 3. 一般将来时的其他几种形式及用法 形式 用法 例句 1 be going to+动词原形 含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示根据已有的事实或迹象很有可能要发生某事 He is going to buy a new car next year.他打算明年买一辆新车。 It’s going to clear up.天要放晴了。 2 be+doing进行时表示将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south. 他要搬到南方去。 Are they leaving for Europe? 他们要动身去欧洲吗？ 3 be about to+动词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，通常不与具体的时间状语连用 The meeting is about to start . 会议即将开始。 4 be to+动词原形 表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务、要求要做的事 You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 看电视之前你得先做作业。 5 一般现在时表示将来 表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事 The meeting starts at five o’clock. 会议五点开始。 要点提示 “will/shall+动词原形”与“be going to+动词原形”均可表示将来时间和意图，有时可换用，但下列情况中不可换用： 1）若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，用be going to 。如： Mary is in hospital. I am going to visit her tomorrow. 玛丽住院了，我打算明天去看看她。 2）若表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，用will。如： —Mary is in hospital. 玛丽住院了。 —Oh, really? I didn’t know. I will go and visit her. 啊，真的吗？我还不知道。我要去看看她。 3）若指迹象表明要发生某事，用be going to而不用will。如： Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。 练一练 1. He ______very busy this week; he ______free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 2. It ______the year of the dog next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. shall be 3. The train ______at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving 1. D 2. C 3. D 4 过去将来时 1. 过去将来时的句型 句型 例句 陈述句：主语+would/should+动词原形+其它. 否定句：主语+would/should+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Would/Should+主语+动词原形+其它？ She would be sixty-nine after three years. She would not be sixty-nine after three years. Would she be sixty-nine after three years? 备注：在过去将来时中，所有人称都用would，尤其在口语中；should用于第一人称 2. 过去将来时的用法 用法 例句 1 表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情 He said there would be a concert that evening. 他说晚上将有一场音乐会。 2 表示过去习惯性的动作 Every evening he would go and talk with the workers. 每天晚上他都和工人交谈。 3 用于间接引语及宾语从句中 He said he would work for that boss the next year. 他说下一年他将为那个老板工作了。 3. 过去将来时的其他几种形式及用法 过去将来时的其他几种形式与一般将来时一样，只是将有关动词改为过去式形式。如：was/were going to+动词原形、was/were about to+动词原形、was/were to+动词原形、过去进行时，也可由was/were on the point of加动名词构成。如： She said she was going to prepare for her trip. 她说她将为旅行做准备。 He was about to start . 他即将动身。 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很紧张,因为我很快就要首次离开家了。 She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。 I was on the point of going when you came in. 你进来时我正要出去。 要点提示 并不是所有动词都可用“was/were+现在分词”表示过去将来时，通常可用于该句型中的动词是come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等瞬间动词。 练一练 1. Li Juan said she ______happy if Brian ______to China next month. A. is; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come 2. Father said that he ______me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take 3. He said he ______some cakes for me, but he hasn’t come back yet. A. will buy B. would buy C. bought D. buy 1. C 2. B 3. B 5 现在进行时 现在进行时由“be（am, is, are）+现在分词”构成。 1. 现在进行时的句型 句型 例句 陈述句：主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其它. 否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其它？ They are cleaning the house. They are not cleaning the house. Are they cleaning the house? 2. 现在进行时的用法 用法 例句 1 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或状态，常与now, at present等时间状语连用 We are having our English class now. 我们现在在上英语课。 2 表示现阶段正在进行的事而动作不一定在此刻进行 They are revising a Chinese English dictionary.他们在修订一本汉英辞典。 3 与always, often, forever等词连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气 She is always complaining about her work.她总是在抱怨她的工作。 4 现在进行时可表将来，具有“意图”“安排”“打算”的含义 The spring is coming .春天要来了。 I am flying to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天飞往北京。 3. 不用于现在进行时的情况 英语中有些表示感觉、愿望和状态的动词一般不用于现在进行时，如have, be, hear, see, like等。 巧记小助手 不用于现在进行时的常见动词记忆口诀： 现在进行不相干，七个感官四情感；三个存在四思维，拥有从属五个班。 七个感官： feel, look, see, hear, sound, smell, taste 四个情感： like, love, hate, want 三个存在： exist, stay, remain 四个思维： think, believe, understand, know 五个拥有或从属： have, possess, own, consist, belong to 练一练 1. Listen! The baby ______in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries 2. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ______my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken 3. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who ______the piano upstairs? A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing 1. C 2. A 3. D 6 过去进行时 1. 过去进行时的句型 过去进行时由“be（was/were）+现在分词”构成，第一、三人称单数作主语用was，其余用were 。 句型 例句 陈述句：主语+was/were+现在分词+其它. 否定句：主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它？ They were playing chess under the tree. They were not playing chess under the tree. Were they playing chess under the tree? 2. 过去进行时的用法 用法 例句 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作 What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ 表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作 He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他说他们今天下午要去北京。 与always, constantly, forever等连用，表示赞叹、厌烦等感情色彩 He was always trying out new ideas. 他总是试验一些新的设想。 表示过去某个事件发生时，另一个正在进行的动作 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 用于表示位置移动的动词，如come, go, set off等，其过去进行时表示过去的将来要发生的动作 He said the plane was arriving soon. 他说飞机快要到了。 练一练 1. He said he ______to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try 2. We heard a cry when we ______TV last night. A. were watching B. would watch C. watch D. watched 3. She ______to see me, but unfortunately she was ill. A. came B. comes C. will come D. was coming 1. C 2. A 3. D 7 将来进行时 将来进行时由“will be+现在分词”构成。 1. 将来进行时的句型 句型 例句 陈述句：主语+will be+现在分词+其它. 否定句：主语+will not be+现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句：Will+主语+be+现在分词+其它？ The students will be watching TV at seven this evening. The students will not be watching TV at seven this evening. Will the students be watching TV at seven this evening? 备注：“shall be+现在分词”用于第一人称 2. 将来进行时的用法 用法 例句 表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 When I get home, my wife will probably be watching TV. 当我到家时，我太太可能正在看电视。 表示按计划、安排或势必要发生的动作 If we don’t do so, we shall be repeating the errors of the past. 我们如果不这样做，就会重犯过去的错误。 表示委婉语气 Will you be needing anything else?你还需要什么吗？ 要点提示 1.将来进行时没有被动语态； 2.将来进行时与一般将来时的区别： 基本用法不一样：将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作，一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作 What will you be doing at this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢？ What will you do tomorrow?你明天干什么？ 均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉 When will you pay back the money? 你什么时候还钱？ When will you be paying back the money? 这钱你什么时候还呢？ 有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思，而将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况 Mary won’t pay this bill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。 Mary won’t be paying this bill.不会由玛丽来付钱。 练一练 1. The car ______ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about ten o’clock tonight. A. would go B. went C. will be going D. goes 2. What do you think you ______ at this time next year? A. will do B. will be doing C. are about to do D. do 3. Mr. Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because he______ a class then. A. has B. will be teaching C. teaches D. will teach 1. C 2. B 3. B 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$