内容正文:
目 录
一、高中英语句法笔记 1
二、高中英语词条笔记 39
三、高中英语词组搭配 69
四、高中英语动词不定式及动名词搭配 99
1. 接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词 100
2. 接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 102
3. 接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词 105
4. 接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词 107
5. 接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词 108
6. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词 109
7. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词 110
8. 可接双宾语的38个常用动词 111
9. 可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词 115
10. 可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词 116
11. 可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词 117
12. 容易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词 118
13. 容易误用作不及物动词的8个及物动词 119
14. 17个常用“be+形容词+about”结构 121
15. 10个常用“be+形容词+at”结构 122
16. 18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构 123
17. 6个常用“be+形容词+from”结构 124
18. 13个常用“be+形容词+in”结构 125
19. 18个常用“be+形容词+of”结构 126
20. 20个常用“be+形容词+to”结构 127
21. 16个常用“be+形容词+with”结构 128
22. 24个常用“in+其他词+of”结构 129
23. 27个带“to doing sth.”的常用结构 131
五、英语专业考研翻译技巧 133
六、大学英语笔记 151
一、高中英语句法笔记
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
被动语态标记:系动词+过去分词:
be done:被
be being done:正被
having been done:已经被
will/shall have been done:将已经被
had been done:过去已经被
would/ should have been done:那时将已经被
has/have been being done:即将被
had been being done:过去即将被
16个时态:
四个时:现在;过去;将来;过去将来
四个态:一般;进行;完成;完成进行
一般现在时:I do 我现在做
现在进行时:I am doing 我现在正在做
现在完成时:I have done 我现在已经做了
现在完成进行时:I have been doing 我现在已经正在做
一般过去时:I did 我那时做了
过去进行时:I was doing 我那时正在做
过去完成时:I had done 我那时已经做了
过去完成进行时:I had been doing 我那时已经正在做
一般将来时:I will 我将
将来进行时:I will be doing 我将在做
将来完成时:I will have done 我将已经做了
将来完成进行时:I will have been doing 我将已经在做
过去将来时:I would 我那时曾将
过去将来进行时:I would be doing 我那时曾将在做
过去将来完成时:I would have had done 我那时曾将已经做
过去将来完成进行时:I would have been doing 我那时曾将已经正在做
“一…就…”英文说法集锦:
1、 as soon as
as soon as 是最常见的表达方式,前一个as 是副词,后一个as 是连词,引导时间状语从句。
注意:
(1)as soon as所指的动作发生在另一分句所指的动作之前。
如:
He made a phone call to me as soon as he came back. 他一回来就给我打了个电话(回家在前,打电话在之后)。
(2)as soon as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。
(3)as soon as 可用于一般现在时、一般过去时或完成时,主句的动词用现在时、过去时或将来时。
2、when/whenever/just when
它也有“一…就…”之意,作连词,常常和just连用。比如:
He had just drifted off to sleep when the phone rang. 他刚睡着电话铃就响了。
注意:如果把just放到句首,其句型结构、用法就和hardly/scarcely/barely…when一样,just引导的句子要had倒装,后面的句子用正常语序,一般为过去时态。
如:Just had Dick left home when it began to rain. 狄克一离开家,天就开始下雨了。
3、once
once作副词讲是“一次”,“曾经”等意思,但作连词讲就作“一旦”,“一…就…”讲,相当于“as soon as, from the moment that”.
如:
(1)The water is fine once you’re in! 你一下水,就会觉得水里挺舒服!
(2)Once Mr Wang arrives we can start. 王先生一到我们就可以动身。
注:once后面的从句中常可采用省略结构:
Once seeing it (=Once you see it),you can never forget it.
Once seen (= Once it is seen),it can never be forgotten.
一(旦)见到了就永远不会忘记。
4、at+名词或动名词
(1)at后的名词或动名词,一般是sight, thought, sound, hearing, idea或者see,hear,think等情感、感观动词, 组成结构为:
at the sight/hearing/sound/(bare)thought/idea of或者at seeing/hearing/thinking等,翻译为:一看到/听到/想到…就…。句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。
如:At hearing the news, he rushed out. 一听到这个消息,他就冲出去了。
At the sight of the police officers they ran off. 一看见那些警官,他们便逃跑了。
(2) 另外还可以用at the(mere)/(very) mention of当说到…;一提到…就…, at the first opportunity(chance)一有机会就…等, 例如:
I’d like to pay a visit to her at the first opportunity. 我一有机会就去看望她。
(3)at+名词或动名词多放在句首,但直接加名词常放到后面。比如:
At seeing her mother,the girl burst into tears. 一见到母亲,那女孩就放声大哭起来。
He was in tears at the news that his grandpa died yesterday. 他一听到他爷爷昨天过逝的消息就哭了。
5、on/upon + 名词/动名词
on/upon为介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语,表示它所表达的动作刚一发生或完成,句子谓语所表示的动作就接着发生,所接动词基本是短暂动作,如:arrive, reach, hear, see, receive, enter, get, step, leave等。它相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,意为immediately after, at the time of。例如:
On his arrival at the school, he was warmly welcome by all the teachers and students. 他一到达学校就受到全体师生的热烈欢迎。
On arriving home I found they had gone. 我一到达家就发现他们已经离开了。
There was a letter waiting for him on his return. 他一回来就有一封信在等着他看。
On seeing this, she burst into tears. 一看到这种情景,她就哭了。
6、 directly/ immediately/instantly
(1)directly作副词讲意思是:①直接地;笔直地;②正好,恰好;截然。例如:
She drove directly to school. 她开车直接去学校。
His political views are directly opposed to mine. 他的政治观点与我的截然相反。
directly也可作连词用,常用于非正式文体或口语中,相当于as soon as。比如:
I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。
He came directly I called.我打了电话他就来了。
(2)immediately作副词用是:立刻/即;紧接,接近等意思。但作连词讲是“一…就…”, 相当于as soon as,主要用于英式英语中。比如:
Return immediately you are done. 事情一做完就回来。
Immediately she’d gone, I remembered her name. 她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。
(3)instantly作副词讲意为:立即,马上。例如:
The police came to my help instantly.警方立刻来帮助我。
作连词时,和immediately的意思和用法一样,如:
I came instantly I saw the need. 一发觉有必要走一趟我就来了。
I telegraphed instantly I arrived there. 一到那里我就发电报。
I recognized her instantly I saw her. 我一看见她就把她认出来了。
7、immediately / instantly/ directly +after
在第6个用法点中,我们看到,directly/ immediately/instantly这三个词的用法基本相似,但是如果在他们后面加上after, 不仅可以接从句,还可以接名词、代词,相当于“as soon as”,意为“一……就……”,习惯上将其放在句尾 ,主句的谓语动词通常用过去时。例如:
I came immediately after breakfast. 我一吃完早饭就来了。
I made a contact with him immediately after I received the letter. 我一接到信就和他联系了。
The machine will start instantly after you press the button. 你一按电钮机器就会开动。
They had a meeting to sum up our experience immediately after finishing the work. 工作一结束,他们立即开会总结经验。
8、短语
① hardly…when…
② scarcely…when…
③ barely…when…
④ no sooner…than…
这四个短语,结构和用法类似,只是前三者常和when匹配,而no sooner和than搭配;意义相同,等于as soon as;hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner放在when和than之前。例如:
The race had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚一开始就下起雨来了。
The race had no sooner begun than it started raining. 比赛刚一开始就下起雨来了。
注意:
hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner否定词位于句首时,句中的主语和谓语必须部分倒装,而“when/than”从句部分语序不倒装; hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner引导的是主句,表示它的动作发生在从句之前,故常用过去完成时, 而when和than引导的从句只能与一般过去时连用。例如:
Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had the race begun when it started raining.
No sooner had the race begun than it started raining.
Hardly had we started our journey when the car got a flat tire.
另外,前三者除了和when搭配外,还可以与before搭配。比如:
Hardly/scarcely/barely had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.=Hardly/scarcely/barely had we sat down at the table before the phone rang. 我刚在桌子旁坐下电话铃就响了。
再者,该句型含“惊奇”之意。如:
Mr. Wang had no sooner left the room than the students began to chat about her. 王老师刚离开房间,学生就议论起她来了。
Scarcely/Hardly/Barely had she begun to speak when we sensed that she was in trouble.
她刚一开口,我们就感到他遇到麻烦了。
No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们一动身就遇上了大雷雨。
They had hardly started their journey when the car got a flat tire. 他们刚出发,车胎就漏气了。
9、短语
① the moment
② the minute
③ the instant
④ the second
在这些结构中,the moment, the minute, the instant, the second看似名词词组,但实际上用作conj,引导时间状语从句,相当于as soon as。例如:
I recognized her the instant I saw her. 我一看到她,就认出她来了。
We recognized the star the moment we saw him. 我们一看到那个明星就认出他来了。
The minute I saw him I knew he was angry. 我一见到他就知道他生气了。
注:这几个词后面可以加that,含义不变,比如:
I want to see him the minute/ instant/second/moment that he arrives. 他一到我就要见他。
10、soon / right / just + after
他们的意思类似“just when,一…(马上/即刻)就…”,但是短语结构却和directly/ immediately/instantly+after一样,后面可以接名词、动名词和句子。例如:
John arrived soon after two. 两点刚过约翰便到了。
非谓语动词:
to do一般式(表示事情未发生)
to be doing进行式(表示事情正在发生)
to have done完成式(表示事情已经发生,先于谓语动词)
doing一般
being done被动
having done完成
having been done完成被动
E.g. The students majoring in(非谓语动词)Russian are watching(谓语动词) a video in the hall to practice their listing ability.
majoring in 主修(表示主动语态)
majored in 被主修(被动语态)
独立主格结构:
E.g. Not having completed the task, they had to stay there for another two weeks.
没完成任务,他们不得不再待两周。
【Tips】:动词短语“belong to”不用于被动语态与进行时态,但在作非谓语动词时可以“ing”形式表主动,此时不为“进行时态”。
E.g. For the past two weeks he has been living in a safe house belonging to(非谓语动词“ing”形式表主动) one of his wife’s relatives.
一般将来时与过去将来时的区别:
①一般将来时以现在为起点,将要…(时态标记词有will, am/are going, be to do, be about to do等)
②一般过去时以过去为起点,将要…(时态标记词有would, was/were going to等)
be to do:命令,警告,安排,约定等
be about to do:正要做,即将做,与when引导的时间状语连用,不与具体时间状语连用
E.g. We are leaving(起止动词,如come, go等)early tomorrow.
感官动词:feel, listen to, hear, see, look, watch, notice
使役动词:make, let, have,
need doing=need to be done
E.g. I need caring=I need to be cared.
【Tips】:deserve+doing:值得,应得
suggest+从句(should可省略)
suggest doing:建议做某事
advice sb to do sth
advice doing
关系代词(与先行词一致可省略)+be+过去分词(被动、完成)
关系代词(与先行词一致可省略)+be现在分词(动作、用途)
E.g. a falling tree:一棵正在倒的树
a fallen tree:一棵倒下了的树
a walking stick:拐杖
【Tips】:主语有do动词(did, doing ,does, done)的形式,表语当中的to可省略。
E.g. What he could do is(to)wait.
【Tips】:only to:不料却(表示意外的结果)
【Tips】:否定词+比较级=最高级
“疑问词+to do”相当于名词性从句
E.g. They didn’t decide when to go.
When to go hasn’t been decided.
独立主格结构:
主+非谓语动词: ①to do未发生
②doing主动,一般做状语,表伴随情况
补充说明等
③done被动
consider sb/sth+补充(to be)+n/adj:认为
E.g. We considered him (to be) a good teacher.
the same+n+关系代词:①+as:同类事物;②+that:原物
E.g. He has the same pen as I bought last week.
This is the same bag that I bought last week.
while:当…时候;在做…的同时;然而
①引导的状语从句中主语与主句的主语一致,且有be,从句中的主语和be可同时省略,从句动作过程中,主句动作发生;
②主语含有it is/was.
the first/second/third…+n+to do(后置宾语)
祈使句:
Listen to me, please.
否定形式:Don’t talk in class.
反义疑问句形式:Listen to me, will you? (不包括说话者)
Go to have a walk, shall we?(包括说话者)
祈使句+and/then/or(否则)+简单句:
Hurry up, or you will be late.
join+(团体、组织等)the army:参军
join in+活动:join in the game:参与游戏
even if/though+①一般过去时
②过去式(现在);过去完成时(过去)
it is said that+主+…=主+is said+to do/to be doing/to have done/ to be done
表示“尽某人所能”(后接to do)的说法:
do whatever they can
do their best they can
do all they can
as possible as they
wish(不可能实现的愿望)+
①过去时(情态动词)→现在将来
②过去完成时(过去)→过去
①只接动名词的有:enjoy, avoid, mind, suggest, find, advice, practice等;
②接ing形式和to do形式意义无差别的有:like, love, hate, begin, start等;
③接动词不定式和动名词意义有差别的有:
try to do 尽力做某事
try doing 尝试做某事
mean to do意欲做某事
mean doing 意味做某事
remember to do 记得要做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing 停下正在做的事
regret to do 遗憾未做某事
regret doing 后悔做某事
quit/stop doing sth:停止正在做的事
quit/stop to do sth:停下来去做某事
④接形式宾语的词:love, like, appreciate, hate, dislike, enjoy.
完全倒装:
On the top of the mountain stands a tower.
Here comes the bus.
可以使用倒装句式的动词:come, go, sit, stand, lie
a number of+可数名词
a great deal of+不可数名词
should+v. 提建议
you’d better…:你最好…
have+宾+过去分词:
①某事得以完成
②请人做某事
③遭受不好的情况
be going to表示根据迹象将要发生的动作
would have +过去分词(虚拟语气)
主+would rather+宾语从句+①过去时(现在)
②过去完成时(过去)
【Tips】:come true不用于被动语态
【Tips】:what可作宾语,担任宾语成分,而which在名词性从句中有选择性的意味。
【Tips】:As is known,(逗号不能省略)主+…
【Tips】:hundred, thousand, million等前面有具体的数字表达具体的数量时,这些词不用复数,后面不加of。
【Tips】:复合数词在句中作定语,如果有连字符出现,不用复数形式。
【Tips】:数词+hours’/minutes’+ride/drive/walk为习惯表达。
marry的用法:①be married to与…结婚,表示状态(已经)
②get married to与…结婚,表示动作(正在)
注:在表示“和某人结婚”这一状态中,常用be/get married to sb结构,但be married to sb可以和一段时间状语连用,get married to sb则不能。
in views of:考虑到
倍数表达法:
①…times+as+adj/adv的原级+as…
②…times+adj/adv的比较级+than…
③…times+the+n(size/length/width/height/depth…)+of…
④…times+as+ much+不可数n/ many+可数n +as…
long→length→lengthen
strong→strength→strengthen
observe. v.观察;遵守;庆祝(作“遵守”时相当于obey, abide by, comply)
observe(watch) sb doing sth. 正在观察→现在进行时
observe(watch) sb do sth. 已观察→现在完成时
多(可数):many
多(不可数)much
少(可数)few
少(不可数)little
the way+①that
②in which
③从句
as if/ as though+①过去(表现在)
②过去完成时(表过去)
【Tips】:it is/will be+一段时间+ before+从句:某事要过一段时间才发生
【Tips】:形容词作状语时,表示伴随,结果,原因,时间,
条件等。
E.g. The dog lay on the floor, dead.
强调句型:it is/was +被强调部分+ that/who+句子的其他成分。
(就是他!)
注:与定语从句的区别:去掉it is /was+被强调部分
+that+之后看是否为完整的句子。
名词有序数词修饰时后面只接动词不定式形式不接ing形式:
E.g. I am always the first one to arrive at our school.
【Tips】:it is time that…:该是做…的时候了,从句要用过去时或should do;
it is time for sb to do sth:某人该做某事的时候了
it is/was the first/second time that+现在完成时/过去完成时
名词性从句:
1. 主语从句:it+be+n/adj+that/weather/why/when+从句
2. 宾语从句:①疑问词+to相当于一个名词性从句;
②宾语有补语时要用to;
③介词后面不能直接接that从句,要先加it(除了except和in);
E.g. We must see to it that all people are equal before the law.
④that(宾语从句中可省);
⑤whether,if是否(if只引导宾语从句,后置主语从句);
⑥特殊疑问词:代词:what,which(含有“选择性意味”),who, whose, whom;副词:where, when, why, how, how many/much.
3. 同位语从句:
对前面名词内容作进一步的解释、说明,引导词只起引导作用,不担任任何成分。此外,一些语法书也将同位语从句视为定语从句的一种类型。
4. 表语从句:because引导的强调原因,why引导的强调结果。
E.g. He was late. It is because the bus broke down.
The bus broke down. That’s why he was late.
【Tips】:“not all…”为部分否定结构,表示“并非都、并非所有的”,英语中的all, both, each, every-, complete, always, whole, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都、并非都”的意思。
be made into…:被制成…
be made of+看得出的材料:由某某组成
be made from+看不出的材料:由某某制成
be made up of…:由…组成
E.g. A is made up of B.
B makes up A.
what和whatever的区别:
what可表示“一个”或“一类”,而whatever表示“所有”或“无论何物”。
【Tips】:a series of作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,类似的还有a pile of, a portion of, a panel of等。
【Tips】:man前面不用冠词时表示人类。
what angered me most is…=to my anger
it和that的区别:
it指上文或前面句子中提到的事物;that指代上文或前面句子中提到的人或句子内容及含义。
【Tips】:“I will…”通常指临时决定做某事;
“I am up for it”通常指渴望做某事。
it is worthwhile doing /to do sth:做某事是值得的
doing sth /sth is worthwhile:做某事/某事是值得的
win和defeat的区别:
win指赢得比赛或项目+game/project;
defeat指战胜某人或对手+sb.
number只能用large和small修饰
price只能用high和low修饰
wish引导的虚拟语气:
①表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+主+动词过去式或were
②表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+主+had+过去分词
③表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+主+would/could/might+动词原形
情态动词和虚拟语气:
won’t:表示意愿,不表示推测
will和would可表示物体本身所固有的特性:
E.g. The door wouldn’t open, no matter how hard she pushed. (此时door作主语,“门打不开”表示门本身所固有的特性,所以用wouldn’t)
can:天生所具有的能力、天赋;有时会,可能,很有可能
can’t:不可能,语气强烈
be able to:通过努力所获得的努力
must:表肯定推测或判断,译为“一定,想必,必须”,否定句中不用mustn’t,用needn’t或don’t have to
may/might:不一定会发生,只有可能性
should:理应
would:过去某种时间内经常发生的动作
should:用于条件从句中表示“万一、竟然”。
人的情绪及心理活动后面的介词需用at:
E.g. The children were all in tears of joy at the news that Germany had won the 2014 World Cup.
其中joy指人的情绪及心理活动,所以后面的介词要用at。
【Tips】:回答How many/How much的全部否定用none。
rather than:而不是
rather than多用于平行结构,即它所连接的前后两部分在形式上要保持一致,后可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词或动词不定式。但如果rather than连接两个不定式时,后面的不定式可省略。当rather than连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词要根据前面的名词变化。此外:
would rather do…than do…:宁愿做…也不做…
prefer to do… rather than do…:喜欢做…而不喜欢做…
other than:不同于;除了
or rather:确切地说(前后用逗号隔开)
more than:不仅仅;超过;非常(通常修饰adj/adv)
in和later辨析:
①in +一段时间,表示再过一段时间以后,以现在为起点,用于将来时:
E.g. The plane will take off in half an hour.
②later:一段时间+later,用于过去时,表示…之后:
E.g. The plane took off half an hour later.
当like后面有when引导的状语从句时,like后面+it不接that
E.g. Becca,you know I don’t like it when you yell at me.
if引导的虚拟条件句:
if条件句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
if+主+动词过去式或were
would/could/should/might+v
与过去事实相反
if+主+had+过去分词
would/could/should/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反
if+主+动词过去式、should+v、
were to+v
would/could/should/might+v
one和that的区别:
one
that
不能代替不可数名词
代替不可数名词
通常泛指数量1
可以代替可数名词单数,相当于the one
复数为ones
有后置定语
if only/ how I wish+①一般过去时,表示现在
②过去完成时,表示过去
【Tips】:在英语中,如果拒绝做什么事或不情做什么事,习惯上用这种句型:
That’s the last thing I want to do.
那是我最不想做的事。
【Tips】:end up as+职位/职业,表示“最终做了某职位或职业”。
【Tips】:sth occurs to sb:指“某种想法突然被想到”=sth crosses one’s mind.
though的两种用法:
一是conj“虽然”;二是adv“然而”,放在句末,用逗号隔开,作补充说明,相当于however,意为“不过、可是、然而”。
E.g. The law of love is never broken, though.
be+adj+enough to:足够…的
E.g. be brave enough to:足够勇敢的
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句及关系副词引导的定语从句
1. 如何选定介词
①看从句选介词:介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词等构成固定搭配
E.g. Do you like the book for which she paid 10$.
②看先行词选介词:介词与先行词构成固定搭配
E.g. I remember the days during which I lived here.
③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词
E.g. Water,without which man can’t live.
2. 如何选定关系词
定语从句中用关系代词还是关系副词引导是根据定语从句所缺成分确定的。先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时,不一定都用when, where, why引导,关键要看从句所缺成分。
E.g.
①I went to the factory that/which we visited(及物动词,缺少宾语)10 years ago.
②I went to the factory where we worked(不及物动词,不缺宾语)10 years ago.
【Tips】:介词with作“用,使用”讲时,表示使用某种工具或人的某一身体部位。
E.g. We eat with chopsticks.
【Tips】:“the last person”意为“最不可能的人,最不想要的人”,如“the last thing”意为“最不愿意的事,最不想要发生的事”。
E.g. That’s the last thing/person in the world.
make a difference.造成影响,产生差别
E.g. Whether you go or not will not make any difference to me.
=Whether you go or not will make no difference to me.
make a difference to sth.对…来说有作用/影响
make some difference to sth.对…来说有一些影响
make much difference to sth.对…来说有很大影响
make no difference to sth.对…来说没有影响
after all:
①after all放在句末,含有“虽然…,但毕竟…”之义,表示与预期相反;
E.g. I didn’t fail my math tests after all.
但毕竟我没挂科。
②after all放在句首时,用来说明或提醒对方,“毕竟、终究、到底”;
E.g. Be kind to him. After all, he is your brother.
对他好点,毕竟他是你弟。
【Tips】:作介词的宾语一般采用there being, 但当介词是for时用there to be:
E.g. ①This depends on there being a suddenly change.
②The teacher was waiting for there to be silent.
there to be and there being:
①there to be:往往表示还没有存在的事物,或表将来的一种愿望或希望,但目前还未存在;
②there being:通常表示已经存在的事物,还可用作副词,在语法上称之为独立主格结构,直接译为“因为”。
错综时间条件句:
E.g. If you had just followed my advice, you would be better now.
从句之间为just(刚刚),主句时间为now(现在),如果主句与从句时间一致,那么从句用had done(表示对过去的加假设),主句就要用would have done(表示基于该假设所产生的结果),但是由于时间不一致,所以需要改变主句动词的形式以便于将时间错开,汉语解释为:
假如之前(刚才)…,那么现在(之后)就…
↓ ↓
had done would do
不定式作定语时,通常表示将来的动作:
E.g.
I was away in Paris for over a week. When I got home, there was a pile of mail to wait for(作定语,表示“将要处理”修饰“mail”) me.
I have a lot of readings to complete(作定语,表示“将要完成”,修饰readings)before the end of this term.
pay、cost、buy、spend辨析:
1.pay的主语为人,且多和for连用
2.buy的主语为人,buy sb sth或buy sth for sb
3.spend的主语为人或时间,后常接on sth或(in) doing sth
4.cost的主语为物
【Tips】:当设空处与more、less并列,也应用比较级形式
E.g. My books are worse(不用bad) and less important.
once与ever的区别:
once:一般用于过去时
E.g. We once played computer for hours.
ever:一般用于现在完成时
E.g. Have you ever been to America?
shall的用法:
1. shall作为助动词,一般用于第一人称,表示一个将来的动作,构成将来时态,shall后接动原,should为其过去式。
E.g. I shall think it over and let you know my idea.
2. shall作为情态动词:
①用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿,意为“将要、要不要”。
E.g. What shall we do this morning?
②用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或请示对方。
E.g. Shall we begin our lesson?
③用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、允诺、警告、威胁。
when的常用句型:
1. be doing sth…when…:正做某事,这时…
E.g. I am cooking when he comes.
2. be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing sth/ be going to do sth…when…:刚要做某事…,这时…
E.g. I am about to watch TV when he comes.
3. had just(表示刚刚,相当于the very:恰恰) done sth…when…:刚做完某事
E.g. I had just finished my work when he arrived.
总结where引导的定语从句中的先行词为模糊化的地点:
场合
situation
阶段
stage
要点
point
地步
step
后果consequence
所在existence
地方
place
程度
degree
局势circumstance
地位
status
条件condition
范围
range
氛围atmosphere
官职
position
情况
case
site
地点
So much the better.
那就更好了。
E.g. If he will help, so much the better.
so much better:…比…好多了,通常还有另一个与之比较的事物
E.g. Lily did so much better than Tom in the exam.
动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义:
句型:主语+be+adj+for sb+to do(主动形式表被动)sth.
不定式中的v和主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,故当该v为vi时,其后要加介词:
E.g. The man is easy to get along with well.
as引导状语从句的用法:
①as作连词引导时间状语从句,意“当…时”,主句和从句动作同时发生,具有延续意义
E.g. 1.It was showing when he arrived at the factory.
2.You will grow wiser as you grow older.
as可译为“随着”,如:as time goes by
②as引导原因状语从句,意为“由于”,语气较弱
E.g. As the rain has fallen, the air is cooler.
③as引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”,语气较强,需形式倒装
E.g. Child as he is, he speaks English well.
注:在此不可改为As a child (he is), …。如此以来就成了时间状语从句,此处as引导的让步状语从句,构成表语的倒装,强调现在。
E.g. Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the heavy box.
as作关系代词引导定语从句的用法:
1. as单独引导定语从句
as单独引导定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词或一个句子
E.g. ①She is late, as is often the case.
②As we know, China is a developing country.
2. 与其他句型结构连用
such…as…;the same…as…
as作介词的用法:
as作介词,意为“作为,以…身份”
E.g. I came to America as a visitor 5 years ago.
as作副词的用法:
as作副词,意为“同样的、相同的”
E.g. They don’t have as many airplanes as the enemy does.
the last等用不定式作定语:
中心词为the last, the first(second, third…),the only, the best等或中心词是由the last, the only修饰时,其后要用不定式作定语:
E.g. He is the first to come and the last to leave.
可修饰比较级的词或短语:
a bit, a little, rather, much, far, any, a lot, still, even等置于形容词或副词比较级之前,表示语气或程度的加强或减弱
E.g. You are too fast, could you drive a bit more slowly?
时间名词+see/witness结构,意为“某个时间发生了什么事情”,可译为“见证”:
E.g. The Han and Ming Dynasties saw extensive rebuilding and maintenance of the Great Wall.
汉明两朝进行了长城的重修和保养。
would rather…than…:
would(英)/had(美)rather do sth:宁可做某事
would(英)/had(美)rather not have done sth:宁可希望没做过某事(但做了)
1. would rather…than(后接动原,若与前面的动词相同,可省略)…:与其…不如…
E.g. I’d rather you know this now than afterwards.
2. 也可改写成would…rather than…:含义不变
E.g. Facing the enemies, our soldiers would die rather than surrender.
3. 有时为了加强语气,也可将rather than置于句首
E.g. Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.
4. would rather+从句,表示主语宁愿让某人干某事,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事情,用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。
E.g.
I’d rather you got(一般过去时表现在)out at once.
I’d rather you hadn’t told(过去完成时) him the news that day(表过去).
At 6 o’clock tomorrow, I’d rather you got up(一般过去时表将来)early to visit the museum has been being built with us together by then(指代At 6 o’clock tomorrow).
5. would rather+动词的完成式,表示主语要做某事,而结果事与愿违。
E.g. I’d rather have left(本想做而未做)a note on her desk.
非谓语动词:
不定式作非谓语
现在分词作非谓语
过去分词作非谓语
to do
目的
doing
无时间性,表状态
done
被动,无时间性,表特征
to be doing
进行
having done
先于谓语动词动作发生
to have done
完成
being done
无时间性
to have been doing
完成进行
having been done
先于谓语动词动作发生
to be done
未发生
to have been done
完成
【Tips】:when引导时间状语从句时,通常用进行时表示在某段时间内发生的动作as和when引导时间状语从句时,通常表示在某一时间点发生的事情。
a certain kind of:一种,某种(certain与sure相当,反义为all kinds of)
term与word辨析:
term指专门的术语;相当于jargon(行话)
一、高中英语句法笔记
word单纯指文字,单词
2
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
2、 高中英语词条笔记
二、高中英语词条笔记
give sb a lift:让某人搭顺风车
bear. v.忍受;n.熊
bear one’s weight:承受某人体重(其他动词无此用法)
need. n.需求;v.需要
need for(+ n):需求…
need to(+ do):需要…
major. adj.主要的
major in:主修
minor in:辅修
book. v.预定(票、房间、座位等)
order. v.预定(货等,要求提供服务)
stand by:坚持(某种说法);袖手旁观
stand out:突出,显眼,引人注目
stand for:代表,象征
aim of:瞄准;旨在
aim at:瞄准;针对
take sth to do sth:付出…做某事
forget it:没关系;忘了
think of sb. 考虑某人
think about sth. 考虑某事
pass to:传承(通常由上一代传给下一代)
fall into the habit of…:养成…的习惯
go without:没有…将就…
take down=put down=write down:写下,记下
differ with sb:与某人有分歧
differ from:与…有区别
in terms of:就…而言,在…方面
on the way:即将来临
E.g. The storm is on the way.
as far as I know:据我所知=in so far as I know
lead to:通向…;导致
lift off:腾飞,起飞=take off
all by oneself:独自一人
have an impact on:对…有影响
I can’t believe it. 难以置信=It’s unbelievable.
don’t have to:不必
be used to doing:习惯于做=be accustomed to
be used to do:被用来做
used to do:过去常做(现在不)
no doubt:毫无疑问
no wonder:不足为奇
no way:绝不
no use:无用
表示“有时、不时”的说法:
sometimes
at times
from time to time
now and then
fail to do sth. 未能做成某事
what’s more. 而且,另外,更有甚者
set off:动身,出发,(使)开始,引起,点燃
some day:来日;之前某天
talk with:和…交谈
talk about sth:谈论
talk of sb/sth:谈到,谈及
only if:只有,只要,只在
can’t help:控制不住,情不自禁(此处help不表“帮助”之义)=hold back;under control
show up:出现,露面
get through:通过
on one’s behalf:代表某人=represent
on contrary:相反
try out:试验
try on:试穿
take out:拿出
take on:呈现
in case:万一
much too:非常
spare time:抽时间
as long as:长达;只要
E.g. The fish is as long as 10 meters.
You can never tell.说不准
not…either…:两者都不,相当于neither
cut out:删除
cut in:插嘴
cut off:切断
cut up=cut into pieces:切碎
in view of:在某人看来
throw…away:把…扔掉
for fear of:以免,害怕
in place of:替代
for lack of:缺乏
set out to do/ doing sth:着手做某事=get down to
tens of thousands of:成千上万
expect to do sth:期待做某事
expect sb to do sth:期待某人做某事
expect sth:期待某事(心理上期待)
wait for sth:期待某事(行动上期待)
It is no use doing. 做某事没用。
out of breath:(运动后)喘不上气
out of order:有毛病,出故障
out of reach:够不着,达不到
out of practice:生疏
to one’s taste:符合某人口味
cope with=deal with=handle
creature. n.生灵
creation. n.创造
worst of all:最为糟糕的是
despite=in spite of:尽管
break in:打断;闯入
break up:分散,分解,分手
break out:引爆,爆发
break down:损坏;崩溃
wear out:磨损;筋疲力尽
far from:远非
表示“知道,察觉到”的说法:
①know
②be aware of
③have an idea
sth gets across to sb. 某事传达给某人,使某人理解
thick and thin:艰难困苦
through thick and thin:不畏艰苦
get across:渡过(从一边到另一边)
get through:通过(从内部穿过);勉强度过(难关)
undergo=go through:经受
accuse sb of sth. 指控某人某事
My money has run out(无被动)=I have run out of my money.
can’t…to…:无论怎样…都不过分
E.g. You can’t be too old to study.
so far as/ as far as:就…而言
answer the phone:接电话(不用receive)
keep a diary:写日记
eat up:吃光
eat out:外出就餐
start off=get down to=set off=set out:动身
drop in/ call+①on sb:拜访某人
②at a place:参观某地
by accident:偶然
by no accident:绝非偶然
turn sb on/off:使某人感兴趣/失去兴趣
by all means:当然可以;用尽一切方法
E.g.
——Can I come and have a look at your new house?
——Yes, by all means!
be close to:靠近
promise sb(who, whoever=anyone) sth.承诺某人某事
set aside:把…搁置一边;不理睬
lie n.谎言;v.躺;在于
lie to sb:对某人说谎
lie in:在于
the key to:是…的关键
Have what with me?:和我说什么?
the other day:前几天
in need=in demand需要
argue for sth:主张某事
give access to:给…的机会
in general:大致
accept/bear/take the blame for:对…负责;为…承担责任
consist of:由…组成,不用于被动语态和进行时。
above all:首先
after all:毕竟
manage to do sth:勉强做成某事;设法做成某事
look back on:回顾,回想
call for=require:要求
by the way:顺便说
generally speaking:一般来说
as a result:结果是
That’s not the point:那不重要
save oneself…trouble:省某人的麻烦
one time:一次
this time:这次
another time:下次
all the time:一直
do sb a favor:帮某人忙
ask sb a favor:求某人帮忙
gas. n.气体
gases. n.表示几种气体
turn one’s back on:不管
get to one’s feet=stand up:站起来
any further=any longer=no longer:不再
speak highly of sb:赞扬某人
not a bit=not at all:一点也不
not a little=very much:非常,简直
for one thing:一方面
for another thing:另一方面
at the cost of:以…为代价
over+一段时间
E.g. over the years:数年间
for one’s life:终生
there’s nothing like:没有什么能比得上。
after that:自那以后;后来
for fear that:恐怕,唯恐
only if.只有
up to:达到;
be up to:从事于;取决于
高考常考短语集锦:
above all:首先;最重要的是
as a result:结果是
in addition (to) :此外
as a matter of a fact=in fact:事实上
in reply to:回应
in charge of:管理,负责
in place of:代替
due to:由于
except for:除了
along with:和…一起
regardless of:不管;不顾
in store:储存
in demand:需求大
on sale:出售;上市
on loan:暂借
in other words:换句话说
all in all:总而言之
on the other hand:在另一方面
in place:在正确的位置
in order:妥当,适宜
in shape:健康状况好的
in fashion:流行
on the contrary:相反地
in a word:总之
this is to say:也就是说
what’s more:更为重要的是,而且,甚至
in the way:挡道
on watch:值班
in sight:看得见
on the line:冒险
on account of:因为
in view of:鉴于,由于,考虑到
with regard to:关于
on the whole:大体上
in the meanwhile:同时
at random:随机
by chance:偶然,意外
in turn:依次,轮流
on occasion:偶尔,间或,有时
in time:及时
by means of:依靠…的方法
on behalf to sb=on sb’s behalf:代表
in search of:寻找
for fear of:唯恐
by the way:顺便说下
out of question:不成问题
for the purpose of:为了
in honor of:为向…表示敬意
for the benefit of:为了…的利益
in terms of:就…而言
in favor of:赞成
step aside:让路,让贤,让位
in praise of:称赞
by nature:天生的,天然的
in case:以防
die away:减弱,消失,停下来
die from:因…而死
die off:相继死去
die out:逐渐消失,绝种
die of:死于
have sth in common:与…有共同点
not in the least:一点也不好
so much the better/worse:那就更好了/更坏了。
be into sth:喜欢某事物
at one’s best:处于最佳状态
cry for:急于想要
develop a taste for=start to like
beyond recognition=impossible to recognize:无法辨认
a break:泛指“一段休息时间”
be second only to=next to:仅次于
to tell the truth:说实话
be at a loss:不知如何是好,茫然,困惑
either-or. adj.二者择其一的
those放在of后面,表示“…的那些人”。
I mean it.我说真的
Don’t be so mean.不要这么卑鄙。
(one) half…the other half:表示“一半…另一半”
I’d appreciate it if…:假如…我将感激不尽
far from=nowhere near+…=not anywhere near+…:远非,远不及
answer to…:…的答案
more or less=almost:几乎,大约
get into the habit of doing sth:养成做某事的习惯
fall on:适逢
buy. v.买;相信,买账
E.g. No one will buy that excuse.
point to:指向
point at:指着
point out:指出
to the point:要点
both…and…:…和…两方面
next to:靠近;几乎
E.g.
①He lives next to me and often looks after my pets when I am away.
②She has eaten next to nothing.
be engaged/married(起止动词) to sb:与某人订/结婚(表示状态)
be engaging in doing sth:沉浸于做某事之中
relive sb of sth:减轻
warn sb of sth:警告
remind sb of sth:提醒
inform sb of sth:通知
kill time:打发时间
on average:平均而言
work. v.起作用
E.g. work for you:对你起作用
earn respect from sb:赢得某人尊重
表示“对…满意”的说法:
be happy with
be satisfied with
be pleased with
E.g. Though we are not satisfied about/with the food, we are satisfied with the guide.
【Tips】:当表达对某物不满意的时候,可以用介词about或with;但当表达对某人不满意的时候,只能用介词with。
miss doing sth:错过做某事
than usual:比平常,比平时
than ever:比以往任何时候
than before:比以前
than expected:比预期
in control of:控制着…(+物)
in the control of:受…所控制(+人)
prevent sth/ doing sth:阻止(做)某事
prevent sb(from)doing sth:阻止某人做某事=keep sb from(不可省略)doing sth=stop sb(from)doing sth.
注:keep sb doing sth:使某人持续不断地做某事
used to do:过去常常(意含现在已不再如此)
E.g. There used to be a lot of fish in the river, but the pollution is becoming more serious.
for free:免费(状语)
free of charge:免费
free of tax:免税
much to my regret:真是令人遗憾
inform sb of sth:通知某人某事
keep sb informed of:随时告知某人某事
inform sb that:告知某人
注:通常不说inform sb to do sth.
be dying to do sth:死都要做某事
be dying for sth:渴望得到某物=hope for sth.
in so far as:在…范围下,在…的情况下
E.g. This is the truth in so far as I know it.
go hand in hand with:密切相关;共同行动
clap one’s hands:鼓掌
run after.追赶
run across:邂逅,不期而遇
run away:逃走
run into sb:撞上/撞见某人
run out (of):耗尽,用完
注:run out与go out都有“耗尽、耗完”之义,但当表“耐心、金钱”被“耗光”时,两者都可以用,但当表示“时间”被“耗光”时只能用run out.
【Tips】:as引导方式状语,as you are,意为“照您现状,按您现在的样子”,常常放在句末,类似的有:as it is, as they are, as I am.
make an appointment:预约
in the long run/term:从长远角度看
in the short run/term:短期来看
in terms of:就…而言;从…的角度
start a family:成家
enough for me:足以让我
in no time:很快,马上,用不了多久
at time:有时
at a time:一次
at one time:曾经,一度
at the same time:同时
all the time:一直
in time:及时
on time:准时
recover from a serious illness.大病初愈
make a full recovery.彻底康复
in the end:终于,最终
in the end of:在…结束的时候
by the end of:到…为止
at the end of:在…末端/终点/结尾
explore. v.探索,探险,引申意义为“游览,游玩”。
mind your own business:别管闲事
take a bite of:吃一口
fill in:填满,填好
E.g. fill in the blank of the article
fill out:填写
E.g. fill out the form
fill in for sb:在某人生病或缺席的时候做了某人工作
15 more copies:复印了15份多
agree to do sth:约定做某事
be exposed to:暴露在
make a fortune:发财
lead/live a…life:过着…的生活
bring…to an end:终结…
help out:摆脱困境(帮助解出难题)
get hold of:抓住;得到
make a call:打电话
address book:通讯录
walk over to:走向
walk away from:从…走开
head for:朝…方向走去
get off the phone:挂电话
time is/was spent(in) doing sth:时间花在做某事上
it further requires that:这进一步要求
in such a hurry:匆匆忙忙
take sth into account/consideration:把…考虑在内
do me a favor=do a favor for me:帮我一下
wear off:消退
hand over to:移交
feel like doing sth:想要做某事
reduce sb/sth to do sth:使某人/某物陷入更坏的境地
appreciate sb’s doing sth:感谢某人做某事
E.g.
I really appreciate your offering to drive me home.
=I appreciate it that you offered to drive me home.
regard…as…:认为…是…
dream of/about doing sth:梦想做某事
slip away:溜走
fall apart:崩溃,破裂
be free to do:随心所欲做
be likely to do sth:可能做某事
beat out sb:战胜某人,击败某人
still. adj/adv.静止的,不动的;宁静的,寂静的
E.g.
①The forest was very still.
②He is still a football star.
be/get/run low on sth:几乎用完某物;缺乏某物
and so on=and so forth.
get sth in place:使…就位;准备就绪
can’t help:禁不住
can help:忍住,控制住
run into the family:世代相传
describe oneself as…:自称是…(as与表示具体的词连用)
respect…as…:把…敬为…
serve…as…:充当…,担任…
beyond words:无以言表
happen to do sth:碰巧做某事
in the years ahead:在未来的几年里
nowhere near:差得远,远不及,相当于一个adj
at best:至多,充其量
take on/ play the role:充当…角色
take a cue from:听从…的劝告
Truth is the daughter of time:时间见真理
Every minute counts:分秒必争
drift through:虚度,浑浑噩噩地度过
be better off:境况好转
concern over…:对…的关注、担忧
come into being:产生,开始存在
be placed in:被置于…里
involve a certain degree of…:涉及一定程度的
channel surfing:频道转换
take sides in:站在…一边,偏袒
drop me a line:写封信给我
if necessary:如果有必要的话
if possible:如果可能的话
if any:如果有的话
if so:如果这样的话
if ever.:如果曾经有过的话
二、高中英语词条笔记
if not:如果不是的话
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三、高中英语词组搭配
一、常考动词词组
1. break
break down 损坏;瓦解;(组织. 计划等)彻底毁坏
break in/into 闯入;强行进入
break off 中止;中断
break out 逃出;(战争,火灾等)突然发生,爆发
break away from 戒除,打破,摆脱
break up 分散开,分手
break through 突破;(喻)(在某一方面取得成就的)突破
2. bring
bring about 造成;导致;引起
bring forward 提出;提议
bring to 使恢复知觉
bring up 教育,培养,使成长
bring out 拿出,出版
bring in 引入,引进,挣钱
bring back 带回某人或某物,使回想起
bring down 使下降,使倒下
3. call
call at 访问,拜访(某地)
call for 邀请;要求,需要;提倡;号召;接(某人)
call off 放弃,取消
call on/upon 访问,拜访(某人);号召,呼吁
call in 召集,请某人来
call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召
call out 大喊,高叫
4. carry
carry on 继续下去,坚持下去;从事,经营
carry out 贯彻(理论等),执行(计划等);实现(目标等)
5. come
come across (偶然)发现;(偶然)碰见;偶遇
come on 开始;进展;上演;来吧,快点
come out 出版;结果是(to be);出现,长出
come through 经历,脱险
come to 总计,达到;苏醒,复原
come up 发生;走近,上来
come about 产生,发生
come down 下落,下降,代代相传,败落, 社会地位降低
come in 进来, 进入, 上市
come back 回来,回想起
come from 来自,源自
6. cut
cut across 抄近路
cut down 砍倒,削减
cut off 剪〔切, 砍〕下
cut out 删除,剪下来, 删掉, 省掉
cut in 插嘴,插队
7. die
die for 为…而死
die for the motherland 为国捐躯
die of 死于(疾病. 饥饿或过度悲伤等)
die from 死于(某种原因, 不包括疾病. 过度悲伤等)
die out(指物种. 家族. 习惯. 观念等)绝迹, 消失
8. drop
drop by/in 顺便来访(无意的)
9. fall
fall behind 落后
fall down 掉下,跌倒
fall back 撤退,后退
10. get
get across 解释清楚,使人了解
get along/with 有进展;与…和睦相处
get at 够得着,触及;意思是,理解
get away 离开,走开,逃脱, 逃跑
get by 混过;通过,经过
get down to 开始,着手(此处to为介词)
get in 进入;收回,收获
get out 离开,出去
get out of 逃避;改掉
get rid of 除去,摆脱
get through 接通电话;度过(时间等);结束,完成
get together 集合,聚集
get on 继续,进行,上车,上马
get off 离开,动身,下车
get over 克服,从疾病/痛苦中恢复
get up 起床
get close to 接近,几乎
get into 陷入,养成
11. give
give away泄露,分送,赠送
give back 送还;恢复
give in 交上;投降,屈服
give up 停止,放弃
give way to 给...让路,对...让步(含屈服的意思)
give out 散发,分发
give off 发出(光、热、气体)
12. go
go after 追求,追赶
go by (时间等)过去;遵守,遵循
go in for 从事,追求,致力于,沉迷于
go over 复习,重温;(重复)检查,审查
go through 经历,经受(困难等)
go away 离开
go against 违反
go on 继续做,进行
go out 外出,熄灭
go off 走开,爆炸
13. hand
hand in 交上,提交
hand out 分发
hand down 流传,遗传
14. hang
hang about 闲逛
hang up 挂电话
15. hold
hold back 阻止
hold up 举起
hold on 别挂电话,等一等,坚持
hold down 压制,镇压
16. keep
keep away from 避开,不接近
keep out (使)留在外面
keep to (rules, promise) 坚持,遵守
keep on 继续
keep back 阻止,隐瞒
17. knock
knock at/on 敲
knock into 撞见某人
knock down 撞倒
knock over 撞倒
knock off 停止工作,休息
18. lay
lay aside 把...搁置在一边;储蓄
lay off 休息;(临时)解雇
lay out 布置,安排;设计,制定
19. let
let alone 不干涉;更不用说
let down 放下,降低;使失望
20. live
live on (动物)以...为食;(人)靠...生活
21. look
look up 查找,向上看
look on 旁观
look into 调查
look at 看着
look for 寻找
look out (for sth) 当心
look about / around/round 四下查看
look after 照顾,照料;注意,关心
look back 回头看;回顾,记忆
look down on/upon 看不起,轻视
look forward to 盼望,期待
look through 仔细查看;浏览,温习
22. make
make into 制成,做成(某成品)
be made in 在……生产/制造(地点)
be made of 由……组成/构成,原材料显而易见的
be made from 由……组成/构成,原材料不易看出
be made up of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成
make up 编造,配制,打扮,组成
make up for 弥补
make out 弄懂
make for 走向,驶往
23. pass
pass away (时间等)消磨掉, 过去, 去世
pass by 经过,过去
pass over 漠视,忽视
24. pay
pay back 还钱,报复
pay for 付钱,为…受到惩罚,因…得到报应
pay off 还清
25. pick
pick up 接(某人)拾起,接收,学会(语言)
pick out 挑选,分辨出
26. pull
pull in (车)停下,进站;(船)到岸
pull off 脱(帽. 衣等)
pull on 穿(帽. 衣等)
27. put
put up 举起,建立,张贴;提(价);提供食宿
put off/ over 推迟
put away 收起来,放好
put on穿戴,上映,展览,增加(速度,重量等)
put through 接通电话,完成
put aside 放到一边,储备
put back 放回原处
put across 解释清楚,说明
put down 记下,放下;镇压,评定
put forward 提出
put out 熄灭;关(灯);生产;伸出;出版;公布,发布
28. run
run across 偶然发现,偶遇
run after 追赶,追求
run away 逃跑
run into 偶遇(= run/come across),相撞
run out (of) 用完,耗尽
run down (逐渐)减少;(逐渐)变弱;撞倒,撞沉
29. see
see off 给...送行
see to 注意,负责,照料;修理
see through 看透,识破
send for 派人去叫
send out 派遣
30. set
set about 开始,着手
set down 记下,记入,放下,卸下
set off 动身,出发;引起,使发生
set up 创立,建立,树立;
set out 动身,着手(to do)
31. show
show off 卖弄,炫耀
32. stand
stand for 代表,意味着;支持;是...的缩写
33. take
take off 脱掉,起飞
take on 呈现 雇佣
take away 拿走
take in 欺骗,领会,包括
take up 从事,占用(时间空间)
take down 记录,拆卸
take over 接管
take out 取出 扣除 带出去
take charge of负责
take turns
take after(在外貌. 性格等方面)与(父、母)相像
take to 对...产生好感;开始喜欢;开始从事
34. think
think of 想起,着想. 考虑
think out/up 想出
think about 考虑
think over 仔细考虑
35. turn
turn off / on 打开
turn over 翻身,翻转
turn out 结果是,原来是…
turn to 转向,求助
turn up 露面,出现,音量调大
turn down 调低,拒绝
turn against 变得敌视,反对
turn back 返回,转回去
turn round 转过身来,掉头
turn in 上交,呈交
turn upside down 把倒置,弄得乱七八糟
36. wait
wait for 等候
wait on 服侍,侍候
37. watch
watch out(for) 密切注意,提防
38. wear
wear out 穿破;磨损;(使)耗尽
39. work
work at 从事于,致力于
work out 算出;想出,制定出,解决
40. worry
worry about (使)担心,(使)发愁
41. write
write down 写下, 把...描写成
42. yield
yield to 屈服,服从
二. 形容词固定搭配
1. be absent from 缺席,不在
2. be accustomed to 习惯于...,常...
3. be applicable to 可应用于,适应于
4. be ashamed of 对...感到惭愧,羞耻
5. be aware of 意识到,知道
6. be beneficial to 对...有益,对...有利
7. be blind to 对...视而不见;盲目的
8. be capable of 有...能力/技能的;能...的,可...的
9. be characteristic of 特有的,表示...特性的
10. be confident of 确信,相信
11. conscious of 意识到,知道
12. be consistent with 与...符合,与...一致
13. be content with 对...感到满意
14. be contrary to 和...相反,违犯
15. sth be convenient to/for 对...方便
16. be crazy about/on 对...着迷,热衷
17. be crazy for 渴望
18. be dependent on/upon 依靠,依赖
19. distinct from 与...不同
20. diverse from 和...不一样
21. due to 因为,由于;应归于
22. be eager for/after 渴求...
23. be equivalent to 等于,相当于
24. be essential to/for 必要的,基本的,不可少的
25. sb be familiar with/sth be familiar to 熟悉
26. be fit for 适合...,能胜任...
27. be fond of 喜欢
28. be foreign to 陌生的;与...无关,不相干
29. be good at 擅长
30. be generous in/with(doing) 慷慨,大方
31. be grateful to sb. for 对...向某人表示感谢
32. be guilty of 犯了...罪,对...感到内疚
33. be helpful to 对...有益,对...有帮助
34. be ignorant of 无知,不知道
35. be independent of 不依赖,不依靠
36. be indispensable for/to 必需的
37. inferior to 不如,劣于
38. be innocent of 无罪的,清白的
39. be jealous of 妒忌...,爱惜
40. be keen on 对...着迷,喜爱
41. be liable to 易患...的,应受法律制裁的
42. be loyal to 对...忠诚的
43. be new to 没有经验,不熟悉
44. be opposite to 相反的;对立的,对面的
45. preferable to 更可取的,更好的
46. prior to 在...之前,居先
47. qualified in 胜任,合适
48. be relative to 相对于;和...相应,和...有关
49. relevant to 与...有关
50. resistant to 对...有抵抗力的,耐...的
51. be responsible to sb. for sth. 对...负责
52. ripe for 时机成熟,准备好
53. be sensitive to 对...敏感,对...灵敏
54. be shy of 对...有戒心,对...迟疑,畏缩
55. be similar to 和...相似
56. be skillful at/in 精于...,善于
57. be strict with 对...要求严格
58. be subject to 易受...的,受...支配的,将会...的
59. be sufficient for 足够,满足
60. be suitable for/to 适合...的
61. superior to 比...好,优于...
62. suspicious of 对...起疑心,猜疑
63. be thirsty for 渴望...
64. be tired of 厌倦,厌烦
65. be typical of 典型的,有代表性的
66. beuncertain of/about 对...不确定
67. be worthy of 值得...
三. 名词固定搭配
1. have access to 可以接近;可以利用
2. make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人
3. take action 采取行动
4. take advantage of 利用,趁...之机
5. make/offer an apology to sb. 向某人道歉
6. make an appeal to sb. 向某人发出呼吁
7. approach to 通往...的方法;接近
8. make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
9. pay attention to 注意
10. do/try one’s best 努力,尽力
11. make the best of 充分利用
12. take care of 爱护,照料
13. take a chance 冒险;投机
14. take charge of 管理,接管
15. keep company with 和...结交;和...亲热
16. keep sb company 陪伴某人,陪某人同走
17. come to a conclusion 得出结论
18. have confidence in sb 信任某人
19. take into consideration 考虑到
20. be in contact with 与...接触
21. be out of contact with 与...失去联系
22. have contact with 和...接触
23. lose contact with 与...失去联系
24. lose control of 失去对...控制
25. commit a crime 犯罪
26. make a decision 作决定
27. have difficulty in doing sth 做某事有困难
28. come into effect 生效,实施
29. put into effect 实行,使生效,使起作用
30. take effect 生效,起作用
31. put emphasis on/upon 着重于,把重点放在
32. set a good example to sb. 为某人树立榜样
33. catch one’s eyes 引人注目
34. keep an eye on 留意,照看
35. have faith in 对...信任
36. lose faith in 失去对...信任
37. farewell to 对...永别了;不会再...
38. come into fashion 开始流行
39. follow the fashion 赶时髦
40. catch fire 着火
41. set fire to 使燃烧,点燃
42. make a fortune 发财
43. try one’s fortune 碰运气
44. make friends (with) 交朋友
45. make fun of 取笑,嘲笑
46. give/take a glance at 对...粗略地看一下
47. catch/get a glimpse of 瞥见
48. learn by heart 背诵,记住
49. lose heart 失去勇气,丧失信心
50. get hold of 抓住,得到
51. hunger for/after 渴望
52. attach importance on 重视
53. have an influence on/upon 对...有影响
54. play a joke on sb 开某人的玩笑
55. fall in love with 爱上
56. have mercy on/upon 对...表示怜悯
57. have sth in mind 记得,想到
58. keep/bear in mind记住
59. make up one’s mind 下决心,决意
60. make the most of 充分利用
61. make/take an objection to 对...表示反对
62. take pains 努力,尽力,下苦功
63. play a part (in)(在...中)扮演角色,参与
64. take part in 参加
65. take place 发生,进行,举行
66. take the place of 取代,代替
67. take possession of 占有,占领
68. put in/into practice 实施,实行
69. make preparations for 为...做准备
70. make a promise 许下诺言
71. keep a promise 遵守诺言
72. break a promise 不遵守诺言
73. take the responsibility for 负起对某事的责任
74. give rise to 引起,使发生
75. make sense 讲得通,言之有理
76. catch sight of 看见,发现
77. lose sight of 看不见,在视野之外
78. have a talk with sb. 与某人交谈
79. get/go into a temper 发脾气
80. lose one’s temper 发脾气
81. take one’s temperature 量体温
82. thanks to 由于,多亏
83. do a threat to 对...形成威胁
84. take one’s time 不着急,不慌忙
85. keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
86. set a trap 设陷阱
87. play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
88. get into trouble 陷入困境,招致不幸
89. make trouble 闹事,捣乱
90. make use of 使用,利用
91. put to use 使用
92. give way to 让路,让步
93. lead the way 带路,引路
94. make way 让路,腾出地方/位置
95. keep one’s word 守信用
四. 常用介词固定搭配
1. above all 最重要的是,尤其是
2. after all 毕竟,终究
3. ahead of time 提前
4. all of a sudden 忽然,突然,出乎意料地
5. all over 到处,遍及
6. all the same 仍然,照样地
7. all the time 一直,始终
8. and so on/forth 诸如此类,等等
9. anything but 根本不,除...以外任何事情
10. apart from 除...以外(别无,尚有)
11. as a matter of fact 事实上,其实
12. as a result 因此,作为结果
13. as a result of 作为...的结果,由于
14. as for/to 至于,关于
15. as usual 像往常一样,照例
16. at a loss 不知所措,困惑;亏本地
17. at all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何
18. at first 起先,最初
19. at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
20. at hand 近在手边,在附近
21. at heart 在内心里,本质上
22. at intervals 不时;每隔...时间/距离
23. at large 自由行动的;详尽的;一般的
24. at last 终于
25. at least 至少,无论如何
26. at length 最后,终于;详细地
27. at most 至多,不超过
28. at no time 从不,决不
29. at once 立刻,马上;同时,一起
30. at one time 同时;曾经;一度
31. at present 现在,目前
32. at the cost of 以...为代价
33. at the same time 同时;然而,不过
34. at times 有时,不时,间或
35. because of 因为,由于
36. before long 不久(以后)
37. beyond question 毫无疑问,确定无疑
38. by accident 偶然
39. by air 通过航空途径
40. by all means 尽一切办法;一定,务必
41. by chance 偶然;意外地,碰巧
42. by means of 用,依靠
43. by mistake 错误地,无意中(做了某件错事)
44. by no means 决不,并没有
45. by reason of 由于,因为
46. by the way 顺便地;附带说说
47. by/in virtue of 依靠...(的力量);由于
48. by way of 通过...方法/形式;经过,经由
49. for good 永久地;决定性地
50. for instance 例如,比如
51. for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益
52. for the time being 暂时;眼下
53. from time to time 有时;不时
54. from now on 今后,从今以后
55. in a hurry 匆忙;很快地;急于
56. in a moment 立即,马上
57. in a sense 从某种意义上说
58. in a/one way 从某一点上看,在某种程度上
59. in a/one word 简言之,总之,一句话
60. in addition 另外,加之
61. in addition to 除...之外(还)
62. in advance 预先,事先
63. in all 总共,合计
64. in any case 无论如何,总之
65. in brief 简言之;以简洁的形式
66. in case of 假使...,如果发生...,防备
67. in charge of 主管,负责
68. in common 共用的,共有的
69. in debt 欠债,欠情
70. in detail 详细地
71. in effect 实际上;事实上
72. in favor of 赞同...,支持...
73. in future 今后,从今以后
74. in general 一般来说,大体上
75. in hand(工作等)正在进行中;待办理
76. in honor of 向...表示敬意;为纪念
77. in line with 跟...一致,符合
78. in no case 决不,无论如何不
79. in no way 一点也不;决不
80. in order to 为了...,以...为目的
81. in other words 也就是说,换句话说
82. in part 在某种程度上;部分地
83. in particular 特别地;尤其
84. in place 在合适的位置;适当的,相称的
85. in place of 代替,取代,交换
86. in practice 在实践中;在不断练习中
87. in question正被谈论的
88. in relation to 关于,涉及,有关;与...相比
89. in return 作为报答;作为回报
90. in short 总之,简言之
91. in sight of 被见到,看得见;在望,在即
92. in spite of 不管,不顾
93. in tears 流着泪;含着泪;哭着
94. in the distance 在远处
95. in the end 最后,终于
96. in the event of 如果...发生,万一
97. in the face of 面对;即使;在...前面
98. in the future 将来
99. in the light of 鉴于,由于;按照,根据
100. in the way 挡道的,妨碍人的,使人不便的
101. in time 及时,最后,终于
102. in touch 联系,接触;有...的附近
103. in touch with 与...有联系,有...的消息
104. in turn 依次,轮流;反过来
105. in vain 徒劳,白辛苦;不尊敬地
106. instead of 代替,而不是...
107. more or less 或多或少,左右,有点儿
108. of course 当然,自然
109. on a large scale 大规模地
110. on a small scale 小规模地
111. on account of 因为;由于
112. on the average 平均而言,通常
113. on behalf of 代表...为了...
114. on board 在船(或车、飞机)上
115. on business 因事,因公
116. on condition that 如果...,在...条件下
117. on duty 值班,当班
118. on earth 究竟;到底;在世界上
119. on foot 步行;在进行中
120. on guard 站岗,值班
121. on occasions 间或,有时
122. on one's own 独自地;独立地
123. on purpose 有意,故意地
124. on sale 出售;上市;廉价出售
125. on schedule 按时间表;准时
126. on the contrary 正相反
127. on the one hand 一方面
128. on the other hand 另一方面
129. on the whole 总的看来,大体上
130. once for all 一劳永逸地,永远地
131. once in a while 偶尔,间或
132. once upon a time(常用于故事开头)从前
133. out of breath 上气不接下气
134. out of control 失去控制
135. out of date 过时的;废弃的
136. out of order 不整齐;(工作)不正常的,出故障的
137. out of place 不在合适的位置;不恰当的
138. out of practice 荒疏;久不练习
139. out of sight 看不见,在视野之外
三、高中英语词组搭配
140. out of the question 办不到的,不可能的;不必谈的
141. out of touch (with) 与...失去联系,没有...的消息
142. over and over (again) 反复,再三
143. so far 迄今为止;就此说来
144. so/as far as...be concerned 就...而言
145. sooner or later 迟早,早晚
四、高中英语动词不定式及
动名词搭配
1. 接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词
afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
agree to do sth.同意做某事
arrange to do sth.安排做某事
ask to do sth.要求做某事
beg to do sth.请求做某事
care to do sth.想要做某事
choose to do sth.决定做某事
decide to do sth.决定做某事
demand to do sth.要求做某事
determine to do sth.决心做某事
expect to do sth.期待做某事
fear to do sth.害怕做某事
help to do sth.帮助做某事
hope to do sth.希望做某事
learn to do sth.学习做某事
manage to do sth.设法做某事
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
plan to do sth.计划做某事
prepare to do sth.准备做某事
pretend to do sth.假装做某事
promise to do sth.答应做某事
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
want to do sth.想要做某事
wish to do sth.希望做某事
注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:
aim to do sth.打算做某事
fail to do sth.未能做某事
long to do sth.渴望做某事
happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
hesitate to do sth.犹豫做某事
struggle to do sth.努力做某事
2. 接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事
bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
beg sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事
cause sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事
elect sb. to do sth.选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事
get sb. to do sth.使(要)某人做某事
hate sb. to do sth.讨厌某人做某事
help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth.打算要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事
like sb. to do sth.喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth.打算要某人做某事
need sb. to do sth.需要某人做某事
oblige sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事
order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth.宁愿某人做某事
request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事
train sb. to do sth.训练某人做某事
trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事
want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某
wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事
汉语的“原谅某人做某事”,英语可说成excuse(forgive)sb. for doing sth.
汉语的“希望某人做某事”,英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.
汉语的“建议某人做某事”,英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.
汉语的“安排某人做某事”,英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.
汉语的“要求某人做某事”,英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.
汉语的“感谢某人做某事”,英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.
汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”,英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.
汉语的“阻止某人做某事”,英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.
3. 接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth.承认做某事
advise doing sth.建议做某事
allow doing sth.允许做某事
appreciate doing sth.感激做某事
avoid doing sth.避免做某事
consider doing sth.考虑做某事
delay doing sth.推迟做某事
deny doing sth.否认做某事
discuss doing sth.讨论做某事
dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜爱做某事
escape doing sth.逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth.原谅做某事
fancy doing sth.设想做某事
finish doing sth.完成做某事
forbid doing sth.禁止做某事
forgive doing sth.原谅做某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
imagine doing sth.想象做某事
keep doing sth.保持做某事
mention doing sth.提及做某事
mind doing sth.介意做某事
miss doing sth.错过做某事
pardon doing sth.原谅做某事
permit doing sth.允许做某事
practice doing sth练习做某事
prevent doing sth.阻止做某事
prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事
put off doing sth.推迟做某事
report doing sth.报告做某事
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
suggest doing sth.建议做某事
understand doing sth.理解做某事
4. 接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词
bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事
catch sb. doing sth.碰上(撞上)某人做某事
discover sb. doing sth.发现某人做某事
feel sb. doing sth.感觉某人做某事
find sb. doing sth.碰上(撞上)某人做某事
get sb. doing sth.使某人做某事
have sb. doing sth.使某人做某事
hear sb. doing sth.听见某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth.使某人不停地做某事
listen to sb. doing sth.听某人做某事
look at sb. doing sth.看着某人做某事
notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth.观察某人做某事
prevent sb. doing sth.阻止某人做某事
see sb. doing sth.看见某人做某事
send sb. doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事
set sb. doing sth.使(引起)某人做某事
start sb. doing sth.使某人开始做某事
stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
watch sb. doing sth.观看某人做某事
5. 接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel sb. do sth.感觉某人做某事
have sb. do sth.使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth.听见某人做某事
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth.听着某人做某事
look at sb. do sth.看着某人做某事
make sb. do sth.使某人做某事
notice sb. do sth.注意某人做某事
observe sb. do sth.观察某人做某事
see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth.观察某人做某事
6. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词
like to do sth / like doing sth.喜欢做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth.喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth.憎恨做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth.宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth.开始做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth.开始做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth.继续做某事
can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth.不能忍受做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth.麻烦做某事
intend to do sth / intend doing sth. 想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth.试图做某事
cease to do sth / cease doing sth.停止做某事
7. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词
(1) remember to do sth.记住要做某事
remember doing sth.记住曾做过某事
(2) forget to do sth.忘记要做某事
forget doing sth.忘记曾做过某事
(3) regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事
regret doing sth.后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事
(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事
try doing sth.做某事试试看有何效果
(5) mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
(6) can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
(7) go on to do sth.做完某事后接着做另一事
go on doing sth.继续做一直在做的事
注:stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同,前者指停下来去做某事,后者指停止正在做的事,但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语,是目的状语。
8. 可接双宾语的38个常用动词
(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.颁奖给某人
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.把某物带给某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb.把某物递给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.将某物给某人
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb.付给某人某物(钱)
post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb.把某物读给某人听
return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.把某物还给某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb.把某物卖给某人
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb.拿某物招待某人
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.拿某物给某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.把某物拿给某人
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某情况
throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb.把某物扔给某人
write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb.给某人写信
(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb.为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb.为某人选某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.为某人煮某物
draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb.为某人画某物
fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物
find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb.为某人找到某物
fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb.为某人准备某物
get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb.为某人拿来某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.为某人做某物
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb.为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb.为某人采摘某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备某物
save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb.为某人留某物
sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb.为某人唱某物(歌)
spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb.为某人让出某物
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb.为某人偷某物
注:
①有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,既可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义相同,如bring,play等:
Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to(for)me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。
He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for(to)us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。
②有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,即可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义不同,如leave等:
They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。
My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.
我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。
③而有的动词后接双宾语时,既不能用介词to引出间接宾语,也不能用介词for引出间接宾语,如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等:
He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。
He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。
This caused me much trouble. 着给我带来了许多麻烦。
He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。
His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。
I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。
They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。
He refused her nothing. 她要什么就给什么。
9. 可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词
accuse sb. of sth.控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事
cheat sb. fo sth.骗取某人某物
cure sb. of sth.治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某情况(事)
remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某情况(事)
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱某物
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的某东西
warn sb. of sth.警告某人有某情况
10. 可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词
blame sb. for doing sth.指责某人做某事
criticize sb. for doing sth.批评某人做某事
forgive sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做某事
excuse sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做某事
pardon sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做某事
punish sb. for doing sth.惩罚某人做某事
scold sb. for doing sth.指责(责备)某人做某事
thank sb. for doing sth.感谢某人做某事
11. 可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词
cheat sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事
trick sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事
food sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事
force sb. into doing sth.迫使某人做某事
argue sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
terrify sb. into doing sth.威胁某人做某事
frighten sb. into doing sth.吓唬某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
12. 容易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词
误:deal a problem
正:deal with a problem处理问题
误:depend sb.
正:depend on sb. 依靠(依赖)某人
误:insist doing sth.
正:insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
误:knock the door
正:knock on(at)the door 敲门
误:operate sb.
正:operate on sb. 为某人做手术
误:participate sth.
正:participate in sth. 参加某事
误:refer sth.
正:refer to sth. 查阅(参考)某物
误:rely sb. / sth.
正:rely on sb. / sth. 依靠(依赖)某人(某物)
误:reply a letter
正:reply to a letter 回信
注:在某些其他用法中,以上有的动词也可能及物,如insist, reply等动词后可接宾语从句,operate表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物。
13. 容易误用作不及物动词的8个及物动词
误:serve for sb.
正:serve sb. 为某人服务
误:marry with sb.
正:marry sb. 与某人结婚
误:discuss about sth.
正:discuss sth. 讨论某事
误:mention about sth.
正:mention sth. 提到某事
误:enter into a room
正:enter a room 进入房间
误:contact with sb.
正:contact sb. 与某人联系
误:equal to sth.
正:equal sth. 等于某物
误:ring to sb.
正:ring sb. 给某人打电话
注:有个别词在用于其他意义时,可以是不及物的,如enter into可以表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动,或用于较抽象的概念。如:
The country entered into a state of war. 这个国家进入战争状态。
I can enter into your feelings at the loss of your father. 我理解你失去父亲后的心情。
The two old men entered into a long conversation. 两位老人开始长谈起来。
14. 17个常用“be+形容词+about”结构
be angry about为…生气
be anxious about为…担忧
be careful about当心…
be certain about确信…
be curious about对…好奇
be disappointed about对…失望
be excited about对…感到兴奋
be glad about对…感到高兴
be happy about为…感到高兴
be hopeful about对…抱有希望
be mad about对…入迷
be nervous about为…感到不安
be particular about对…讲究
be sad about为…而难过
be serious about 对…认真
be sure about对…有把握
be worried about为…担忧
15. 10个常用“be+形容词+at”结构
be angry at为…生气
be bad at不善于…
be clever at 擅长于…
be disappointed at 对…失望
be expert at在…方面是内行
be good at善于…
be mad at对…发怒
be quick at在…方面敏捷
be skilful at在…方面熟练
be slow at在…方面迟钝
16. 18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构
be anxious for渴望
be bad for对…有害,对…不利
be bound for 前往
be celebrated for以…出名
be convenient for对…方便,在…附近
be eager for 渴望
be famous for因…闻名
be fit for合适,适合
be good for对……有益(方便)
be grateful for感谢
be hungry for渴望得到
be late for迟到
be necessary for对…有必要
be ready for为…准备好
be sorry for 因…抱歉
be suitable for对…合适(适宜)
be thankful for因…而感激
be well-known for以…出名
17. 6个常用“be+形容词+from”结构
be absent from缺席,不在
be different from与……不同
be far from离……远,远远不
be free from没有,免受
be safe from没有……的危险
be tired from因……而疲劳
18. 13个常用“be+形容词+in”结构
be concerned in与…有关
be disappointed in对(某人)感到失望
be engaged in从事于,忙于
be experienced in在…方面有经验
be expert in在…方面是行家
be fortunate in在…方面幸运
be honest in在…方面诚实
be interested in对…感兴趣
be lack in缺乏
be rich in富于,在…方面富有
be skilful in擅长于
be successful in在…方面成功
be weak in在…方面不行
19. 18个常用“be+形容词+of”结构
be afraid of害怕
be ashamed of为…感到羞愧
be aware of意识到,知道
be capable of能够,可以
be careful of小心,留心
be certain of确信,对…有把握
be fond of喜欢
be free of没有,摆脱
be full of充满
be glad of为…而高兴
be nervous of害怕
be proud of 为…自豪
be short of 缺乏
be shy of不好意思
be sick of对…厌倦
be sure of肯定,有把握
be tired of对…厌烦
be worthy of只得,配得上
20. 20个常用“be+形容词+to”结构
be accustomed to习惯于
be blind to对…视而不见
be close to靠近,接近
be cruel to对…残酷,对…无情
be devoted to献身,专心于
be equal to等于,能胜任
be familiar to为(某人)所熟悉
be harmful to对…有危害
be important to对…重要
be open to对…开放,易受到
be opposed to反对,不赞成
be opposite to在…对面,和…相反
be polite to对…有礼貌
be related to与…有关(是亲戚)
be respectful to尊敬
be rude to 对…无礼
be similar to与…相似
be true to忠实于,信守
be used to习惯于
be useful to对…有用
21. 16个常用“be+形容词+with”结构
be angry with对(某人)生气
be bored with对…厌烦
be busy with忙于
be careful with 小心
be concerned with关于,与…有关
be content with以…为满足
be delighted with对…感到高兴
be disappointed with对(某人)失望
be familiar with熟悉,精通
be honest with对(某人)真诚
be ill with患…病
be patient with对(某人)有耐心
be pleased with对…满意(高兴)
be popular with受…欢迎
be satisfied with对…满意
be strict with对(某人)严格
22. 24个常用“in+其他词+of”结构
in advance of在…前面
in aid of帮助
in behalf of为了,为了…的利益
in case of如果,万一,以防
in celebration of 庆祝
in charge of负责,管理
in commemoration of纪念,庆祝
in defence of保卫
in explanation of解释
in face of面对
in favour of赞成,主张
in front of在…前面
in honor of纪念,祝贺,欢迎
in memory of纪念
in need of需要
in place of代替
in possession of拥有
in praise of称赞
in respect of关于,就…而言
in search of寻找,搜找
in sight of看得见,在看见…的地方
in spite of虽然,尽管
in support of为了支持(拥护)…
in view of鉴于,考虑到
注:同时注意一下相似结构:
in exchange for 作为对…的交换
in preparation for 为…作准备
in return for 作为…的报答
in reward for 作为…的报酬
in addition to 加之,除…之外
in answer to 回答,响应
in contrast to(with )与…形成对比
in opposition to 与…相反,反对
in reply to 作为对…的回答(答复)
in response to 回答,响应
in(with)reference to 关于
in(with)regard to 关于
23. 27个带“to doing sth.”的常用结构
1)动词+介词to+动名词
(1) admit to doing sth.承认做了某事
(2) apply to doing sth.适用于做某事
(3) object to doing sth.反对做某事
(4) see to doing sth.负责做某事
(5) stick to doing sth.坚持做某事
(6) take to doing sth.喜欢上做某事,逐渐习惯做某事
2)动词+宾语+介词to+动名词
(1) apply oneself to doing sth.专心致力于做某事
(2) devote sth. to doing sth.把…献给做某事
(3) devote oneself to doing sth.献身于做某事
(4) limit sth. to doing sth.把…限制在做某事的范围内
(5) reduce sb. to doing sth.使某人沦为做某事
3)动词+名词+介词to+动名词
(1) give one’s life to doing sth.献身于做某事
(2) give one’s mind to doing sth.专心做某事
(3) have a dislike to doing sth.厌恶做某事
(4) have an eye to doing sth.注意做某事
(5) have an objection to doing sth.反对(反感)做某事
(6) pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事
(7) set one’s mind to doing sth.决心做某事
4)be+形容词+介词to+动名词
(1) be equal to doing sth. 等于做某事,能胜任做某事
(2) be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
(3) be opposed to doing sth.反对做某事
(4) be reduced to doing sth.使某人沦为做某事
(5) be devoted to doing sth.把时间(钱,精力等)献给做某事
(6) be limited to doing sth.把…限制在做某事的范围内
四、高中英语动词不定式及动名词搭配
5)其他结构+介词to+动名词
(1) get down to doing sth.开始做某事,认真处理某事
(2) look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事
(3) What do you say to doing sth? 你认为做某事如何?
五、英语专业考研翻译技巧
1. 当遇到未指定性别的人称代词时,常译为“其”。
2. “A can have as many as B”,翻译时,先译出B“和…一样”,放在句首,再把“A”译出放在“B”之后。
3. 被动语态的翻译:
①当其后没有施动者(如by sb/sth)时,译为主动句:
②反之,寻找“被”的替代词或省略“被”(此时译文仍未被动句)。
E.g. The enemies were attacked by us.→施动者
译文:敌人遭受了我们的攻击。
E.g. Such a conclusion can be drawn.
译文:可以得出这一结论。(无施动者,可以译为主动句)
“被”的替代词:
①让…给(口语);
②为…所(书面);
③遭到、受到、遭受;
④可以(科技文献中)
⑤是…的。
Tips:
①介词常译为动词;
②尽量规避使用“被、使、当”此类词。
4. 回答上句疑问句的省略句,翻译的时候无需补全。
5.“dominate”常译为“左右”,在被动语态中,译为“为…所左右”。
E.g. Our lives were dominated by the dictator.
我们的生活为这个独裁者所左右。
6. 抽象名词一般位于冠词或零冠词之后、介词之前,当其具有动词词根时,名词转译为动词;反之,增词使语义完整。
E.g. the suggestion(动词词根)of mine is that…:我建议…
the spirit(无动词词根) of our nation:我们民族所具有(所增的词)的精神
7. 遇到原文中出现英文名时,首次翻译要译出全名,并且“姓”与“名”之间要加符号“• ”;第二次译姓不译名;第三次译为“他”等代词;第四次译为“其”等虚指词。
8. “believe”,“find”,“feel”等词在多数情况下译为“认为”。
9. 西方语言中常用“有多短、有多近”等来表示长度、距离等,因而翻译成中文时要遵循汉语的表达原则,译为“有多远、有多长”。
E.g. I wonder the harbor how near it is.
我想知道海港有多远。
10. of being human不妨译为“生而为人”,比直译成“对于做人而言”更加巧妙。
11.“especially, particularly, typically, in particular”等词表示“尤其”时,若英文中放在句首,译成中文时放在句子稍后一点,译成“对…来说尤其是这样”,原文应为“especially to…”,虽然也可译为“尤其对…来说”,但表达不如前者巧妙。
12.“要”译为“wish to”;“愿”译为“would like to”。
13. 汉译英时,若遇到作品名需要翻译,将《书名号》在译文中改为“双引号”,并且各单词首字母大写。
14. be exposed to不妨译为“预计将”。
15. 复数概念的翻译:persons人们;mountains群山;things and events万事万物;countries各国;clouds朵朵白云。
16. 动词加by的翻译:
work by…:…的工作原理是…
17. 遇到“which matters”时,不妨另起一句,译为“这很重要,因为…”。
18.“not require anything other than”不妨译为“只需要”。
19.“already”在否定句中可译为“到目前为止尚未”。
20. 翻译时,“such as”不与“etc.” 或“and so on”连用,故“等”字无需翻译。
21. 翻译同位语从句时,不妨将抽象名词转译为动词,以便衔接从句:
E.g. They have an unshakable belief that:他们总觉得
22.“this was followed by”不妨译为“随之而来;自那以后”。
23. Just as dark clouds cannot long hide the Sun, so no lies can cover up facts.
正如乌云无法长久遮住太阳,谎言也掩盖不了现实。
24. a half-dozen 相当于“六个”,“or so”放在数量后面表示 “大约”
E.g. We have a half-dozen or so classrooms.
25.“still”可表转折,译作“然而”,但不引导句子,只能作为副词使用,且用逗号隔开,相当于“however”:
E.g. The weather is bad, still, we are lucky to stay in the hotel.
26. 英文主语“we”表示泛指,翻译时宜译成“人们”,因为以前可能还没有“我们”。
27.“doing sth is a good choice”译为“做某事不失为佳择”。
28.“生活中有什么”不妨译为“life contains”比“there be”更优美。
29. 英文中直接引语前用逗号不用冒号:
E.g. My teacher said,“You are a clever boy but you underachieve.”
30. “现代人”不宜译为“modern people”, 而是译为“people today”。
31.“不虚此生”可以转译为“a significant and fruitful life”.
32.“山河湖水”的翻译:
①音译+品名;
②不加品名直译。
33. 翻译“it’s about”这样的句型时,增加“意义”、“问题”等范畴词:
E.g. 其目的是…
34.“而”字可以连接语义相承的成分。
35. now…now…不妨译成“有时…有时…”。
36. separate…from…不妨译成“这边是…,那边是…”。
37.“学习知识”一般译为“acquire knowledge”。
38.“system” 不和“construct”搭配。
39.“可以买到什么东西”不妨转译为“sth is available”这一形式。
40.“abide by”和“observe”都只能用于“人”或“机构”,所以大多数情况下用“comply”这个词,该词的适用范围比较广。
41.“在我的印象中”不妨翻译为“as I remember”, 不要译为“in my impression”。
42.“I wouldn’t do it.”不妨译为“我不赞同”。
43. 文学作品中“hero”不妨译为“主人公”。
44.翻译政府工作报告时,“生态优先”要增词“保护”:
E.g. 生态优先:prioritize ecological conservation
45. empty one’s glass:不妨译为“一饮而尽”。
46.“make a difference”不妨译为“有所作为;产生影响”。
47.“大势所趋”不妨转译为“the defining trend”。
48.“eyes rest on”不妨译为“眼光落在”。
49.“expect”不一定要译为“期待”,也可译为“原本以为”,指一些事与愿违的事情。
50. squeeze有时可译为“紧握”。
51.disregard sth不妨译为“对…置之不理”。
52. 若直接引语中前半句是陈述句,后半句是疑问句,则在翻译时必须分成两句,中间插入说话人,其中陈述句后加“句号”:
E.g.
原文:“那个小女孩还在吃奶,难道也犯了罪?”那小孩道。
译文:“That girl is only a baby,” said the boy.“What can she possibly be guilty of?”
53. 分词放在句首,如“ignoring…”,不妨译为“顾不上”或“顾不得”。
54.“as sb talked”不妨译为“某人娓娓而谈”。
55.“in the air”不妨译为“悬而未决;酝酿之中”。
56. He is my girlfriend, or my darling.此处的“or”译为“或称”。
57.“join one’s conversation”不妨译为“凑过去和某人谈话”。
58.“discuss the problem”不妨译为“讨论问题所在”。
59.“remain young”不妨译为“永葆青春”。
60.“…is fruitful”不妨译为“…卓有成效”。
61.“weariness increases”不妨译为“日渐倦怠”。
62.“both because…, and because…”不妨译为“一来…, 二来…”。
63.“have nothing”不妨译为“别无他有”。
64.“I see”有时可译为“看来”。
65.“sick children”不妨译为“患儿”。
66. 句型“where there…, there…”不妨译为“凡是…就…”。
67.“at the very moment”不妨译为“此时此刻”。
68.“difference”不妨译为“分歧”。
69.“raise one’s glass”不妨译为“举杯”。
70. We are enemies.不妨译为“我们互相为敌”。
71.“be deeply grateful”不妨译为“深为感激”。
72.“We are different”不妨译为“迥然不同”。
“it is too early to…”不妨译为“为时尚早”。
73.“人才利用”译为“employ talents”。
74.“I am privately interested in…”不妨译为“我有空喜欢研究…”。
75.“a junior copy”转译为动词词组:“就是仿照…而…”。
76. “中国拥有壮丽山河”不妨译为“China boasts its spectacular scenery”。
77.“I will do things on their priority, and won’t do them haphazardly.” 不妨译为“事有轻重缓急,不能无主次之分。”
78.“Among…is…”不妨译为“其中,当属…”。
79.“still”表示“仍然,仍旧时”,不妨译为“时至今日”,提到句首。
80.“rumors/news reach sb”不妨译为“某人听闻”。
81.“人类文明”不可译为“human civilization”,要去掉“civilization”。
82.“永续发展”不妨译为“sustainable development”。
83. 翻译“在A中B,在B中A”时,不妨译为“make A and B a mutually reinforcing process.” A与B相辅相成。
84.“和某人一起做某事”不妨译为“join sb(也可为sth) in doing sth”。
85.“冒号:”不妨译为“即”,在其表示列举意义时。
86. 副词转译为形容词:
E.g.
原文:相应地,我们做了一个决定。
译文:We made a corresponding decision.
87.“when…”不妨译为“那时在…”
88.“not notice…”不妨译为“未予注意”。
89. 翻译“西藏”时必须加同位语进行补充:Tibet, an autonomous region in western China
90.“experience”不妨译为“见闻”。
91.“western television”译为“英美电视剧”而非“西方电视剧”。
92.“面向世界”不妨译为“an international vision”。
93.“纵观中国历史”不妨译为“a look at Chinese history”。
94.“become sb”有时可译为“设身处地”。
95.“talk face-to-face with sb”不妨译为“直面倾谈”。
96. “people in separated regions”不妨译为“身处异地的人”。
97. 就“名称”音译而言,需要在其后注明音译。
98. characterize. v.以…为特性
E.g. products characterized by heavy pollution. 高污染产品
99.“on the latter part of autumn”不妨译为“时方晚秋”。
100.“往返A地与B地的人”不妨译为“travelers between A and B.”
101.“make a detailed research”不妨译成“祥加研究”。
102.“lose oneself”不妨译为“忘形于”。
103.“after+时间”不妨译为“历经”。
104.“be likely to”不妨译为“有望”。
105. “it is not a new argument”不妨译为“这一争论由来已久”。
106.“the first hour”不一定非要译成“第一个小时”,有时可译为“最初时光”。
107.“be often like”不妨译为“常如”。
108.“good words”不妨译为“金玉良言”。
109.“look at”不妨译为“打量”。
110.“know”不妨译为“熟谙,深知”。
111.“rare”不妨译为“为数不多”。
112.“for a month”不妨译为“为期一个月”。
113.“a bless or a curse?”不妨译为“是福是祸?”。
114.“尽早、早日”不妨译为“in the nearest future”。
115.“there is a danger /potential that”有时会译为“可能”。
116.“They are highly visible and audible.”不妨译为“他们随处可见,处处可闻。”
117.“A tree shook; an electric light danced.”不妨译为“树影婆娑,灯光摇曳”。
118.“emerge”不妨译为“应运而生”。
119. “do more than just talk.”不妨译为“不仅仅是纸上谈兵”。
120.“just as…”不妨译为“正当…之际”。
121.“sb be regarded as”不妨译为“人们把他某人奉为”。
122.“after all these lonely years”不妨译为“孤独了这么多年”。
123.“impress sb”不妨译为“打动某人”。
124.“deny one’s doing sth”不妨译为“他矢口否认”。
125.“countries to its west and south”不妨译为“以西、以南的数个国家”。
126.“ambitious as well as naive”不妨译为“满怀雄心壮志,却又涉世未深”。
127.“在我家”不妨译为“under my roof”。
128. 中文常用“分数”,而英文常用“百分数”,因此“十分之一二”译为“10~20 percent”。
129.“义不容辞的历史责任”不妨译为“obligatory and historical responsibilities”。
130.“世界多极化”不妨译为“a multipolar world”。
131.“名列前茅、位居前列”不妨转译为“make…a leader”或“sb/sth leads the world in…”。
132.“bring benefits to”不妨译为“造福”。
133.“every fall”不妨译为“每逢秋日”,更具文采。
134. “no countries can stay immune.”不妨译为“没有哪个国家能独善其身。”
五、英语专业考研翻译技巧
六、大学英语笔记
六、大学英语笔记
Tips:表示“原因、缘故”的说法:
1. for the sake of:由于…的原因(接名词或名词短语)
E.g. Many elderly people prefer to live in the countryside for the sake of their health.
2. for one’s sake:因…而起
E.g. memorize for memorization’s own sake:机械记忆
3. on account of:因为
4. on one’s account:为了某人(的缘故)
by virtue of:通过…来
E.g. She succeeded by her tenacity rather than her talent.
by dint of:凭借
Given…;in view of…;in light of…:鉴于…
E.g. Given the mounting pressure at work, he would sacrifice his high-paying job in exchange for more leisure time.
【Grammar point】: be+抽象名词可表示抽象名词的形容词性意义:
E.g. Fossil fuel is of great importance (= greatly important) to develop industry, transportation and tourism.
as for…:谈起…(用在句首)
when it comes to…,(用在句首,有时可加but)
as to 至于;
Granted. adj.诚然(引导让从)
E. g. Granted, these problems are minor at this point, but they do have the potential to develop into major challenges.
Tips:表示“关于”的说法集锦:
regarding
concerning
respecting,
with respecting to
with regard to(用于法律文本翻译)
as regards
pertaining to
be in mind that:牢记(常用来替换remember)
attribute/ascribe/ put down…to…:把…归因于…
impute…to…:把…归咎于…
give sb the credit for…: 把…归功于某人
shoulder the responsibility for…:承担…的责任
assume one’s responsibility:担责
there is no better way to … than to…:这样做比那样做更好
E.g. There is no better way to make friends with us than to be enemies each other.
go a long way;行之有效
E.g. My encouragement goes a long way.
come a long way:取得重大进展
E.g. The county had come a long way before we left.
from within one’s heart:来自内心深处
have found my niche:找到了一个属于自己的天地
be a positive alternative to…:是…的有益替代方式
cease to:不再
go from bad to worse:越来越糟
E.g. Things went from bad to worse in the end.
be bent on/upon:全身心投入某事
far from being…:完全不是…;know …inside out:对…了如指掌
E.g. Far from being amateurs, these kids know the game rules inside out.
take measures/steps/actions to do sth:采取措施做某事
the social fabric/ the fabric of society:社会的凝聚力
test-oriented education:应试教育
——oriented:以…为导向/宗旨/目标的
E.g. market-oriented economy:市场导向经济
go astray:误入歧途
molder one’s character:塑造某人的性格
information overload/explosion:信息过剩/爆炸
entirely cut off from the outside world:完全与世隔绝
the vast majority of…:…大多数
a small segment of…:…小部分
A school is society in miniature. 学校是社会的缩影。
stimulating=interesting
Tips:表示“充满;充斥”的说法:
1. be awash with;
2. be inundated with;
3. be saturated with;
be packed with:挤满
linger in one’s mind:挥之不去
distinguish right from wrong:分清是非
the haves and the have-nots:富人与穷人
distinctive. adj.特色的,特别的;
distinct. adj.截然不同的,相异的(语气强于different)
drive off our loneliness:驱散我们的寂寞
i.e.=that is/in other words:也就是说
unsophisticated. adj. 不懂世故的,天真的(有别于naive)
or vice versa:反之亦然
albeit. conj.虽然,即使(文学词汇,后直接+形容词、副词或介词、介词短语等)
E.g. …albeit reluctantly
…albeit with some dissatisfaction
Tips:表示“获得”的说法:
be the access to;
earn;
procure;
secure;
trade-offs(亦可写作trade off):权衡(名词性短语)
strike a balance:取得平衡
in regard to:在做…方面
E.g. particularly in regard to polluting the water.
live hand to mouth:勉强维持生计
Tips:表示“渴望”的说法:
yearn/long/dying/hanker for
solely:仅仅地
severely:严重地
then that:那么
plow through:深入思考,刻苦钻研,费力处理
a rivalry over:在某方面敌对
in one go:一下子
slip one’s mind:忘记(无灵主语)
E.g. I don’t know how it could have slipped my mind.
pore over=ponder:凝想
conversant=professional
succumb to:屈服于
living quarters:住处
apprehension. n.担心,忧虑
have an apprehension about…:担心…
in:inside. n/prep. 里面;在…里面
internal. adj/n. 内部器官;内部的
inner. adj/n.内部;内部的,内层的
interior. adj/n.内部;内部的,内观的
out:outside. n/adj/adv/prep. 外面/外面的/外面地/在…之外
external. adj.外置的
outer. adj.外层的 outer space:外太空
exterior .n/adj.外观的,外观
trickle. n.涓涓细流;v.流(指细水)
E.g. Tears trickled down her cheeks.
give priority to sb:重视某人
amount. n.数量;v.总计=add up to=total to
hitherto:迄今
set…apart from…:使…与…不同
E.g. What sets those writing masters apart from others is their talent.
Tips:本身含有比较意义的词:
superior,inferior,senior,junior,prior不用than连接,而常用介词to引出比较对象。
E.g. He is 10 years senior to you.
be sensitive to…:对…敏感
be sensitive about…:对…在意
be sensible about…:对…理智
a sense of achievement:成就感
a sense of self-worth:自我价值感
a sense of identity and belonging:身份感和归属感
on top of…:除…之外
ahead of schedule=in advance:提前
on schedule= on time
behind ∧ schedule.比预定时间晚
不加任何冠词
content. n.目录;adj.满意的;v.使…满意
content sb with…:使某人满足于…
若修饰名词需后置:
E.g. This is not a result content.
count/reckon on:指望
except for:将…排除在外(对象之间关系不对等)
E.g. I enjoy the holiday except for the cost.(holiday和cost并非同一层面关系)
except:除了(对象之间关系对等)
E.g. We all passed the exam except Tom.(we和Tom皆处同一层面关系)
You are beyond my recognition.我快认不出你了。
It is your attitude that counts/matters(重要,要紧).
brain drain:人才流失
soil erosion:水土流失
Tips:表示“涌入,蜂拥而至”的说法:
flock/flood/pour into
occupy oneself with/in(doing)sth.专心做某事
major in:主修
minor in:辅修 minor mistake:小错误
a key/leading figure:显要人物
keep/watch one’s figure. 保持身材(一般指保持姣好的身材)
in the long run:长期来看
take … into consideration/account: 把…考虑进去
wage. n.薪水;v.开展(战争、运动等)
E.g. wage an arduous struggle:开展/发动一场艰苦卓绝的战争
be less likely to do sth:不太可能做某事
on doing sth. 一…就…
E.g. On hearing the news, he jumped.
chance. n.可能;机会;adj.偶尔的
land/secure a job:找到一份工作
His chance of landing the job is slim.
bid farewell:道别
strike. vt.打;打动
strike… into one’s heart. 使…刻骨铭心
it strikes sb that…=it happens/occurs to sb
thrill. n.兴奋;恐惧 v.兴奋;恐惧
get a thrill out of…:因…而激动
be thrilled at/about/with sth: 对某事感到兴奋
set/make up one’s mind to do sth:下决心做某事
start from scratch:白手起家
scar. n.伤疤;v.受伤(心灵上)
E.g. He was scarred by his childhood memory.
Tips:表示“塞翁失马”的说法:
a disguised blessing
a blessing in disguise
rob/deprive sb of sth:抢/剥夺某人某物
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待
Tips:表示“副”的说法:
aftereffect. n.副作用
Vice(V大写) President:副总统
deputy dean:副院长
associate professor:副教授
out of:出于,基于
I only do it out of habit.
She did that out of spite.
Tips:it is + adj(表示人的品行、品格、性格等,如:nice, honest, kind, friendly, stupid, foolish, wise, careful, considerate)+ of sb to do sth.
turn a deaf ear to…:对…置若罔闻
turn a blind eye to…:对…视若无睹
if I were he=if I were at his place=if I were in his shoes.
be sure to do sth:务必做某事
patient in critical condition:危重病人
survival of the fittest:适者生存
to the best of one’s ability:尽某人所能
free from:免于
Tips:表示“穿”的说法:
1.表示“穿”这一动作:①put on+衣服
②dress sb
2.表示“穿上”这一状态:③in+颜色/衣物,表示穿着状态
④wear+衣物、眼睛、装饰品…
⑤be dressed in+衣物
Tips:“say”作插入语,表假设,相当于suppose或supposing.
E.g. The nib of a brush pen is made of the hair of an animal, say, the rabbit, the sheep, the wolf, etc..
A is identical/similar in sound to B:A与B同音/近音
prise. v.重视;强行分开(指费劲地套出、诱出、撬开等)=prize
E.g. You’ll be lucky to prise any money out of him.
brain a few ideas:集思广益
editors-in-chief:主编
mother-in-law:岳母,婆婆
lookers-on:看客,旁观者
sit-ins:静坐
stand-bys:备胎
take an active part in:积极参与
Tips:more than的几种译法:
1.不仅仅是
E.g. He is more than a doctor and he is a writer as well.
2.很,非常
E.g. One must be more than careful when driving a car.
3.简直不
E.g. What you said is more than I can understand.
E.g. I like her more than I can say.
gain in/ enjoy the popularity:受欢迎
over prep.而不是
E.g. The main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics.
gay time:欢乐的时光
bridge a gap:弥合差距
bridge the generation gap:弥合代沟
it goes without saying that:不言而喻
I am one of the opinion that…:我认为…
plus:优点
tend to=have a tendency to do sth:往往
Tips:“consecutive”与“successive”的区别:
1,2,3——consecutive
1,3,8——successive
pressing need:急需
call/draw one’s attention
in hot pursuit:穷追不舍
a taste of rain:淅淅沥沥的雨
in the gray light of the dawn:在晨曦中
every short while:每隔一会儿
Tips:短暂性动词转化为持续性动词:
borrow-keep
buy-have
open-be open
close-be closed
die-be dead
return-be back
become-be in/be a member of
catch a cold-have a cold
marry/get married-be married
fall ill-be ill
fall asleep-be asleep
leave-be away
come to-be in
go/come-be
start/begin-be on
finish/end-be over
down payment:首付
deposit money:存钱
withdraw money:取钱
Tips:表示“去”的几种不同含义:
1.have gone to:去了某地(尚未回来)
E.g. The boss has gone to Shanghai on business.
2.have been to:去过某地(已经回来)
E.g. He has been to Shanghai 3 times.
3.has been in:在某地呆过一段时间
E.g. I have been in Shanghai for 6 years.
take baby steps to do sth:慢慢来做某事
not as/so…as…:和…不一样
Tips:“bare”的几种译法:
1.bare floors:没有装修的地板
2.bare trees/branches:光秃秃的树(枝)
3.a bare fridge:空空的冰箱
4.bare facts:简要的事实
5.bare one’s teeth in a grin:露齿而笑
6.bare words:空言
7.bare one’s soul:袒露心声
without the least possible delay:瞬间地
live up to one’s expectation:不辜负某人期望
fail to live up to one’s expectation:辜负某人期望
Tips:将中式英语转化为正统英文:
poke his ribs→poke him in the ribs
take his hand→take him by the hand
slap his face→slap him in the face
hit his nose→hit him on the nose
pat his shoulder→pat him on the shoulder
注:只用the,不用其他冠词;当表达与“硬”的物体时,用介词on,“软”的用in。
stain one’s reputation:玷污某人名声
flood someplace with sth:使某地充满着
E. g. She flooded her eyes with tears.
Tips:tap的几种译法:
1.tap one’s fingers(敲手指) to music:随着音乐打拍子
2.tap the resource=explore the resource
3.tap the telephone:窃听
purse one’s lip:撅嘴
float a plan/project/idea:提出计划/方案/想法
【Grammar point】: so that 引导目的状语从句,使用so that+主语+may/might/shall/should,若句子时态为过去时,则从句须用should+v.
E.g. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone should have an opportunity to hear the speech.
out of tune:跑调
in tune:在调上
give sb an edge:给某人优势,令某人脱颖而出
E.g. You must buy this dress since it can give you an edge in the interview.
Tips:表示“一堆”的说法:
a pile of(整齐的一堆)
a heap of(杂乱的一堆)
Problems piled up. 问题堆积如山。
Tips:表示“引发、引起、导致、致使”的说法:
spark,trigger,lead to, bring about, result in, result from, cause, stir, breed, incur, fuel, give birth to, spell
sink/dig a well:挖井
joint account:联名账户
a speaking acquaintance:泛泛之交
nodding acquaintance:点头之交
ally n/v.结盟
forge alliance:缔结联盟
bosom friend:挚友
domestic violence:家暴
bear a grudge:心怀怨恨
conceive a plan:构想出一个计划
conceive a child:怀孕
make provision for…:为…预先采取措施
senior citizen:老年人
Tips:“halt”表示“停”的用法:
E.g. 1. Sth comes/grinds to a halt:某事停止了。
2.bring sth to a halt:使某事停止
3.call a halt to…:决定停止…
Tips:for all+名词短语,表示“尽管”
pose a threat/problem to:带来威胁/问题
take great offence at…:对…非常生气
Spare the rod, spoil the child. 三日不打,上房揭瓦。
heated/bitter/animated argument:激烈讨论
Men only weep when deeply hurt.男儿有泪不轻弹。
【Grammar point】:“what”的特殊用法
what可作限定词,表示“…的(事物或人)”,在这种用法中,若what结构中的动词在前已经出现,则需省略。
E.g. The mother managed to save what little money she could(此处省略save)out of her wages to support her child’s schooling.
on the tip of one’s tongue:在嘴边(表示话在嘴边却说不出来)
As you sow, you will reap. / What goes around comes around.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
presidential suite:总统套房
undo. v. 取消;解开
E.g. What’s done cannot be undone. 木已成舟。
It is no use (of) crying over spilt milk.
shake off poverty:脱贫
Nothing venture, nothing gain. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子
Tips:“pledge”的用法:
make a pledge:做出保证
pledge to do sth:承诺做某事
pledge money to sb:承诺支付
pledge oneself to sth:保证某事
E.g. The president pledged himself to decreasing the tax.
swarm around:蜂拥而至
prey. n/vi. 猎物;捕获
prey on:捕食,捕猎;折磨(upon)
E.g. Pray for you today, prey on you tomorrow.
E.g. Anger and bitterness prey on me. 我又气又恨。
fall prey/victim to…:沦为…的牺牲品;遭受
E.g. fall victim to sexual harassment and assault.
stir from:离开
puff smoke:吞云吐雾
assemble the meal:配餐
shield sb from…:保护某人不受…伤害
wolf down:狼吞虎咽
take it for granted:认为…理所当然;理所当然地认为
take sth for granted:某事被认为理所当然
E.g. They take it for granted that I am the best.
E.g. These materials that we take for granted today but they were known as very advanced in the past.
Tips:“odd”表示“几多”的用法:
E.g. 100-odd/plus/strong guests:一百多位宾客
注:仅表示“多一点点”。
make a fool of sb:愚弄某人
make a fool of oneself:自嘲
summon/pluck up the courage:鼓起勇气
year in and year out. 年复一年,日复一日。
old flame:老情人
tourist destination:景点
smoky eye:烟熏妆
to this end:for the purpose
to that end:为了达到那个目的;到底
without end:没完没了
enter into…relation:缔结…关系
in one’s prime:全盛时期;风华正茂(heyday)
on balance:总的来说
in the grand scheme of life:在宏大的生命长卷里
roll one’s eyes:翻白眼
arouse one’s curiosity:激起某人的好奇心
buzz around one’s head:在脑海中翻腾
be due to do sth:预计做某事
in due cause:恕我冒昧
football pitch:足球场
tennis court:网球场
in the hope of:抱着…的希望
Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
for that matter:就此而言
trivial chores:琐碎的事物
drinking tea on a regular basis:长期饮用茶
He is in his early/late 40s. 他40出头/他40多岁了。
raise the awareness of…:引起…的注意
be weary/sick/tired of:厌烦
be fed up with:厌烦,饱受
be sick and tired of:厌烦(sick和tired不可颠倒位置)
in the ordinary sense:按常理来说
give a knock on a door:敲门
cultural deposit:文化底蕴
refined scholar:雅士
gifted scholars and beautiful ladies:才子佳人
lute-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting:琴棋书画
Chinese landscape architecture:中国园林
annual reunion dinner:年夜饭
lantern riddle:灯谜
emerge in…and prosper in…:兴起于…兴盛于…
competitive price and superior quality:物美价廉
continue the model of…:沿袭…的模式
pay offer:工资待遇
place of interests:名胜古迹
stretch for:绵延
graduation field work:毕业实习
overseas/international student:海外留学生
update one’s knowledge:充电
specialized course:专业课
make-up exam:补考
emerging discipline:新兴学科
instant message:即时消息
spam message:垃圾消息
audience rating:收视率
adhere to the principle of…:坚持…的方针
ordinary resident:普通市民
resident permit(许可权):居住证
migrant worker:民工
express one’s love:告白
sexual harassment:性骚扰
harmonious co-existence:和谐共存
territorial integrity:领土完整
baby boom:人口增长的高峰期
go back on one’s word:毁约,食言
rest in peace:安息
lies buried:长眠于
be indicative of:表明
in one’s mind’s eye:在某人的脑海中
triumph over the difficulty:战胜困难
scribble a note:记笔记
snap at sb:朝某人厉声说
pride sb on sth:以…骄傲
be into:迷恋
have sth to oneself:独自拥有
in line with sb/sth:符合,一致
be bubbling with:充满(某种情绪)
be reduced to sth:沦落为…
E.g. You are reduced to a bag of bones.
force…on…:把…强加于…
work oneself up(into):使某人发怒;逐步改进
take root in:扎根于
a flat refusal:断然拒绝(=repudiate)
have not the least intention of doing sth:一点都不想做某事
plastic surgery:整容手术
honorary degree:名誉学位
original splendor:往日辉煌
deny sb sth:拒绝给予某人某物
there is a scarcity of…:缺乏
before long:不久以后
long before:很久以前
skirt the trap of sth:跳脱…的陷阱
win over:获得某人欢心
dirt bike:轻型摩托车
teachers/parents conference 家长会
medical appointment:体检,就诊
in a direct way=on a direct basis=directly
there’s a margin for sth:做某事的余地
sacrifice A for B:为B牺牲A
silks and satins:丝绸
from cradle to grave:从生到死
lift sb from:使某人从…中摆脱
in the flower of one’s youth:风华正茂之年
kick the bucket:翘辫子
heavy make-up:浓妆艳抹
St.表示“圣”
E.g. St. Monday:圣周一
throw sharp question:提出尖锐的问题
practical joke:恶作剧
dress code:着装准则
ethnic code:道德规范
a wet blanket:令人扫兴的人
practice what you preach:身体力行
Tips:“sick”的固定搭配:
be sick of:厌烦
be sick with:患上(某种疾病)
be sick for:渴望
in accordance with:和…一致
cannot bear to do:不忍做某事,舍不得做某事
You are flattering yourself!=Don’t flatter yourself! 别自以为是。
I am flattered. 我受宠若惊。
exchange greeting with:打招呼
make a salutation:打招呼
difficult labor:难产
hard labor:苦役
spare no efforts to do sth:不遗余力做某事
dedicate sth to sb:谨以此物献给某人
it leaves much room(翻译为“余地”,此时为不可数名词) for…
there is no room for complacency on…:不能对…无动于衷
make room(此时不可数) for…:为…腾地
there is no place for…:容不得…
stand on ceremony:拘于礼节
take a nap=doze off:打盹
current affairs:时事
be exceptionally interested in…:对…有极大的兴趣
have a good command of:精通掌握
This could not be farther from the truth.事实远非如此。
fulfill needs and wants:满足需求
respond to/cater to/meet demands/needs:满足需求
be desperate for:非常想得到
pour one’s heart out:吐露心声
a body of water:一片水域
the half of the summer:夏至
against that background:置身于(环境)中
E.g. The sea looks blue against the sky.
allow sb to do sth:让某人做某事
allow sth to do sth:使得…做…
Tips:negative表示“负面的,消极的”之义时,其反义词为“positive”;表示“否定的”之义时,其反义词为“affirmative”.
intensively and extensively:在深度和广度上
Tips:“请坐”为seat oneself或者sb be seated。
immerse oneself in:潜心于
steep. vi.(in):沉浸于
know sb by sight:仅见过面
know sb by name:只知姓名
on that account:由此可见
harsh weather:天气恶劣
【Grammar point】:当every或each修饰两个由and连接的单数名词,且这两个名词一个是阴性、一个是阳性,其物主代词用his:
E.g. Every boy and girl must have his hair cut short.
for one’s part:对某人来说
Tips:minutes虽然为可数名词,但它实际指时间(不可数)
Tips:rank. v.排列 一般用主动形式,如it ranks…;其被动形式为be ranked in
one issue ranks top is…:最重要的是…
another third:其余的1/3
narrowly. adv.勉强,险些,差一点
narrowly avoid:勉强避开
narrow escape;侥幸逃生
narrow victory:险胜
yield a favor:获利
grant a favor:施惠
tie the knot:缔结连理
【Grammar point】:“yet”的译法:
1. 用于否定句中,表示“还,尚,迄今,到那时”
E.g. He is not yet here.
2. 用于疑问句中,表示“已经”
E.g. Is everything ready yet?
3. 与比较级连用,表示“更”,相当于“even”
E.g. You must work yet harder.
4. 与once, again, another连用,意为“再”
E.g. He has made yet another mistake.
5. 用于肯定句,意为“仍然,还得”
E.g. She is yet a child.
6. 用作并列连词,意为“然而,可是”,此时与“but”词义相当
E.g. He studied hard yet he failed.
7. “yet”后面加“to”,既不表示肯定意义,也不表示否定意义,表示“依然没有答案”
E.g. We have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans.
8. “have yet to do…”结构表示否定意义,相当于haven’t yet done,常译为“还没有”;同理,“be yet to do”表示“尚未做”
E.g. I have yet to hear that story.
prior to 可以与介词before互换
E.g. B is prior to C in alphabet.
B comes before C in alphabet.
be wired to:注定,天生,自然而然
E.g. We are wired to be nice.人之初,性本善。
wear perfume:喷香水
reduce one’s bank balance to almost nothing:几乎花光某人银行存款
Tips:have sth to do和have sth to be done的区别:
1.have sth to do 指由主语来做这件事
E.g. I have some meetings to attend.
2.have sth to be done并不明确由主语去做
E.g. There are some files to be arranged.
excel in=be proficient in:精通
update to Siri:Siri的升级优化
update one’s knowledge:充电
in all ages:历代
the upside and the downside:好处和坏处
inner-city communities:城中村
taken together:合起来
prestigious university:贵校
all walks of life:各行各业
spell v.意味着
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见为净。
heart and soul:全心全意地=wholeheartedly
be confined/restricted to:局限于
usual practice:常规做法
common practice:惯例
the lion’s share:最大的份额
vanish into thin air:消失地无影无踪
take position on:表明立场
have a preoccupation with:关注
preoccupied:心事重重的
Do as romans do.入乡随俗
move away from the confidence:丧失信心
Tips:写作时少用I firmly believe而是I am convinced/I am persuaded,表示“我坚信”。
take a lame excuse:找一个站不住脚的借口
Love is the most sublime of human emotions. 爱是人类最高尚的情感。
as sb puts it:正如某人所言
cultural icon:文化符号
follow one’s example:以…为榜样
have a hand in:对…有影响力;参与
what the picture conveys goes far beyond merely a…:这幅图画所传达的远远不只是…
Absorb its virtues and resist its dark side. 取其精华,去其糟泊。
direct our way of life:指引我们的人生
Tips:用于合作类作文:United we stand, divided we fall. 合则存,分则败。
spoil the beauty of nature:破坏自然之美
shrug off:不理,忽视
E.g. shrug off one’s trouble. 把烦恼置之度外。
shore up:支持,有助于
Sth carries substantial weight:某事举足轻重
resort:度假胜地
Pre-dawn workouts have helped me stay ahead. 早起锻炼让我走在他人之前。
【Grammar point】:“prove”的用法:
1.用作连系动词,意为“证明是,结果是,被发现是”,不用于被动语态
E.g. She proved a very strict teacher.
2.用作及物动词
①to prove the theory
②history proves him wrong
③the test proves that…
Tips:send可作使役动词,如:send me mad.
air one’s dissatisfaction and disappointment:表达某人的不满和失望
life’s pains and sorrows, twists and turns. 人生的痛苦悲伤,迂回曲折。
a case in point:恰当的例子
crack the hardest nut:克服最大的困难
head counting:人口普查
in years ahead:在今后几年
resort to stereotype:墨守成规
viz. abbr.即=namely;
via. prep.经由
shackle us with chain:用铁链来束缚我们
fortune-teller:算命先生
Tips:“as yet, so far, up to now”都表示“迄今为止”,但在否定句和疑问句中常用“as yet”。
Reading extensively and intensively is to our mental life what fresh air is to our physical life.
Reading extensively and intensively is no less than necessary to our mental life than fresh air is to our physical life.
once or twice:偶尔,一两次
I would be obliged. 我将不胜感激。
in years to come. 在将来
take a toll on…:给…造成重大伤害
in a bid to do:力图做某事
read one’s mind:看穿某人心事
a double life:婚外恋
flatter egos:增强自信心
A comes to B. A发生在B身上。
lose one’s heart 爱上某人
lose heart:灰心丧气
call it a day:结束一天
E.g. Let’s call it a day. 今天到此为止吧。
Tips:表示“冒险”的说法:
bell the cat:冒险
risk doing sth/ venture sth:冒险
put…on the line:用…去冒险
bustling roads=busy streets:闹市
lay the ground for…:为…奠定基础
suffer a loss:吃亏
to get somewhere:有出息
I am somebody.我出人头地。
I am nobody.我只是个小角色。
cost sb sth:使某人付出什么代价
grad(=graduate) school:研究生院
grade school:小学=primary/elementary school
perform the duty:履行职责
take a back seat:退居二线
more the point:更确切地说
feel at home:感到自在,无拘无束
at ease:自如
nurture the habit:养成习惯
consist in=lie in=rest with:在于
throw sth to the wind:把…不当一回事
haunted by sth:为某事所困扰
haunt my heart:萦绕在我的心头
lead sb down the road to…:把某人引向(不好的结果)
The same is true of. 莫不如此。
psychological well-being:幸福感
in line with:与…一致
Tips:for there to be /of about there being:表示“有”或“存在”某种情况。
self-conscious:难为情的
dim sum:点心=snack, dessert, light refreshment
loaf the day away:饱食终日
cover an area of:占地
usher in an era:引领一个纪元
opposite sex:异性;opposite sexual:异性的
be rife in/with:蔓延
coerce sb into doing sth:胁迫某人做某事
coerce uniformity:强求一致
public opinion:舆论
hit the nail on the head:一针见血
drive sth home:把某事说明白
hold to=keep to=adhere to:忠于
a shade=slightly adv.微微
to name a few:仅举几例;数不胜数
【Grammar point】:集体名词前表示整体含义时一般不加不定冠词,但“audience”除外,若集体名词在定语从句中担任先行词,其引导词只能用which,不论该先行词是有灵还是无灵。
E.g. The writer has an audience which needs that meaning.
bear resemblance to sth:与某物相似
bother to do sth:费心做某事
lucky break:幸运的事
slide one’s cloth:穿衣服
appear可做“连系动词”,意为“显得”。
be on a budget:钱不多的,控制预算的
E.g. If you are on a budget, then you can buy a second-handed car, but if spending is a not a consideration, you can buy a new one.
end up doing:以做…告终;结果变成
E.g. But the study ended up revealing that women are more productive than men in the workplace.
注:end up也可作连系动词,表示“最终成为”。
E.g. He ended up (as) head of the firm.
for consistency:一直
running cost:运营成本
Tips:“late”作为定语可以表示“已故的”。
in spite of oneself:不由自主地,身不由己地
A problem that ranges from missed work to depression.
一个问题,小到不能工作,大到精神抑郁。
when:当…时;while:在…的同时
much more=still more:更不用说(肯定句)
much less=still less:更不用说(否定句)
Tips:by far, much和a great deal都可用来修饰比较级,副词quite除了用于quite better(身体康复)以外不用于修饰比较级。
things of great urgency:重要的事
refresh one’s mind:沁人心脾
social intercourse:社交
interpersonal connections:人脉
lingering aroma:余香
drop sb one hint:给某人暗示
a faint streak of melancholy:一股淡淡的忧郁
Water flowed on under the bridge. 岁月如流。
bemoan one’s fate:自叹命苦。
screen:筛选
back then=at that time
hustle and bustle:忙碌与喧嚣
constant companion:一直陪伴着,不曾远去(名词转译为动词)
the first/second halves:上/下半叶
by chance:偶然
by any chance:或许
Let nature take its course. 顺其自然。
house in decay:破屋破房
default profile photo:默认头像
propose a toast:敬酒
pay homage to sb:拜谒某人
cruck a joke:开玩笑,讲笑话
nickel-and-dime v.斤斤计较;adj.分分角角的,微不足道的
E.g. It is very disgusting that the hotels nickel and dime me.
E.g. Yet all he’s got are nickel-and-dime convictions.
注:时态变化在“dime”上变或者两个单词都可以变。
crash course:速成班
so-and-so:某人
polite formula:客套话
look over one’s shoulder:被监督
fringe benefit:额外福利
the life of the loan:还款年限
weak argument:薄弱的论据
in sackcloth and ashes:披麻蒙灰(懊恼)
dilly-dally v.磨蹭
old lag:惯犯;老派
【Grammar point】:the very+n 1.正是
2.甚至连…都…
E.g. This is the very man I am looking for.
The very earth trembled. 甚至连大地都颤抖了。
hit adolescence:进入青春期
the southern Cantonese Culture:岭南文化
extreme meet:两极相通,物极必反
feed the fire with more wood:添柴加火
morning sun初阳;slanting sun:斜阳
take stock silently:在心里默默想着
Tips:blossom指果树的花,flower指一般的鲜花。
Tips:put可表示say的含义,但其后要加it才能跟直接引语:
E.g. As my mom put it:“why not…”.
Tips:频率、次数放在句首要部分倒装:
E.g. Twice had he suggested…
no wonder:难怪
little wonder:怪不得
three scores and ten:古稀之年
as weak as a lamb:逆来顺受=resigned
be stuck up:自命不凡
in solitude:独处
in company:群居
a ray of hope:一线希望
in one’s remaining years:有生之年
in one’s declining years:暮年,晚年
do one a good turn:帮一把
do one a lot of good:对某人有很大好处
do one a little favor:帮某人小忙
capital penalty:死刑
do the honors:尽地主之谊
graduation with honors:优秀毕业生
seize up:(机器等)失灵,卡住
cut out:突然熄火,失灵
divorce…from…/把…从…里分开
Behave yourself! 规矩点!
for good=forever=till doomsday
for ever:永远地=for good and all
for long:长久地(多用于否定句、疑问句,条件状语从句)
a stream of abuse:连声辱骂
material/substantial life:物质生活
mental/spiritual life:精神生活
tooth decay:蛀牙
house in decay:破屋
moral decay:道德败坏
on impulse:一时冲动
in the broadest sense of the word:大体上
nutrient deficiencies:营养不足
fancy price:高昂的价格
take a fancy to(doing):爱上,喜欢上
have a fancy for:喜欢,喜爱
be into sth:喜欢某事物
a warm welcome to:热烈欢迎
so on to infinity:无穷无尽
intimate friends:莫逆之交
sports car:跑车
income tax:所得税
fool around:闹着玩儿
a premature fall of snow:早雪
hurry to+地点:匆忙去…
make it to+地点:到达某地方
All rights reserved. 版权所有,侵权必究。
Canton Fair:广交会
When the moon is at its full, it begins to wane. 月盈则亏。
in a dreamy and imaginative mood:心情恍惚
breathe with much difficulty/struggle to catch one’s breath:气息奄奄
have weakness for:超爱…
hat off to sb:行脱帽礼
well-mannered visitors:文明游客
must-haves:必需品
at sea with sth:对…感到不知所措
blow one’s own trumpet:自吹自擂
evening descend:夜幕降临
weigh the pros and cons(正方两方面):权衡利弊
entertain ideas/doubts:怀有想法/疑问
be close to doing sth:快要做成某事
within/in living memory:在当今人们记忆中
stumble on:偶然遇见,碰巧遇见
Abilities speak louder than certificates. 能力比证书更重要。
start on the right foot:一开始就顺利
settle into=get used to=be accustomed to:习惯于
final touches:最终的润色
instant. n.瞬间
E.g. an instant of complete silence.
give more weight to:看重
quality time:黄金时光
【Grammar point】:在表示前后两句的肯定情况相一致时,常用“so”置于后一句句首表示不同主语的同样行为,句子要用倒装句;如果表达的是否定的相同情况,则用“neither”,同样须倒装。
E.g. Just as archeology is an aspect of anthropology, so too is it a part of history.
Tips:tendency与trend的区别:
tendency:指自然因素决定的“趋势、倾向”。
trend:指在外界压力下事物必然发的发展趋势、大的潮流。
redouble one’s efforts:加倍努力
Tips:too…to…为固定结构,一般是具有否定意义的结果句式,但当too之前有all, only, but等词修饰时,该结构就含有十分肯定的意义。
注:far, much可以修饰too,表示“太…的意思”。
paid leave:带薪假期
author v.编写,创作(常用来替代write)
one’s face wears/ put on a smile:脸上挂着微笑
give sb a good spanking:给某人一顿好打
the good old days:昔日
ask after one’s health with deep concern:嘘寒问暖
pent-up adj.被压抑的;郁闷的
E.g. pent-up emotion:郁结
seek a livelihood=make/earn a living
provoke one’s anger:令人生气
Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
female confidant:红颜知己
covert and overt fight:公开和隐蔽的斗争
lax. adj.松懈的n.松弛
E.g. lax attitude;lax man
【Grammar point】:whatsoever,用于名词词组之后,强调否定陈述,可翻译为“全然”,语气相当于“at all”
E.g. There is no risk whatsoever.
picture v.想象
Tips:lot. n.命运(通常表示不幸的命运)
E.g. repine against her unhappy lot.自叹命运多舛
leave about:乱放
set foot on:踏上
Sth be geared to:适应于
instrumental adj.起重要作用的(∽in)
bring to light:揭露(直接加宾语)
Sth comes to light. 某事得以知晓
wealth gap:贫富差距
dismiss the ideas of:打消(做某事的)念头
ways and wherefores:原因和理由
here and there:到处(表示静止状态下)
hither and thither:到处(表示移动状态下)
third-and fourth-tier cities:三四线城市
dwarf v.使相形见绌
have it in sb to do:拥有特殊的技能或特点
E.g. I don’t think Mary had it in her to be a good singer.
tramper with:损坏;篡改
dawn on/upon:开始明白(某个事实)
dress v. 给…加佐料
E.g. He dressed the salad with oil.
as against:与…相比;较之
E.g. This year the output has increased by 10% as against 5% last year.
as such:就其本身而论;作为这样的…
E.g. Money as such will not bring happiness to people.
speak one’s mind:直言不讳
You can’t be serious!你别开玩笑了!
cast a spell on/over sb:对某人施魔法,对某人下咒
as the century has grown older:随着世纪的增长
there is a justification for:情有可原
tradition has it that:相传
China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over HK.中国对香港恢复行使主权。
have to do with…与…有关
have nothing to do with…与某某无关
move along the same road:走同样的路
make one’s irregular visits:不定期拜访
telepathy. n.心灵感应=thought-communication
What brings you here?什么风把你给吹过来了?
be caught red handed:被当场抓住,抓个现行
a gleam of hope:一线希望
forget-me-nots:勿忘草
allow for:考虑到,将…计算在内
at home:居家的,全职的,家庭式的;无拘无束的
at heart:本质的,基本的
resign oneself to (doing) sth:听任(做)某事
E.g. resign oneself to fate:不得不向命运低头
keep in step with:与…步调一致,跟上…
dance of small talk:聊天招式
set phrase:惯用语,固定搭配
take little/no notice of:不理会
take warming from:引以为鉴,前车之鉴
small potatoes:小人物
has little idea of:丝毫不知
has a little idea of:只知半点
pick up the receiver:接电话
self-evident:不言而喻的
within an inch of:差点儿,十分接近,几乎
E.g. The bear clawed the hunter within an inch of his life.
熊差一点儿把猎人撕碎。
ritualistically:客套地=in a way of ceremony
hit the target:击中目的;达到目标
carry scars:留下伤疤
unfailing good temper:一贯的好脾气
15 days more remained to sb:某人再过15天就…
at a stretch:一口气
E.g. 12 hours at a stretch:一连12个小时
on end:一连
E.g. for three weeks on end. 一连三周
Tips:表示“不愧”的说法:
no wonder;deserve to;worthy of
poetic meaning:诗意
poetic taste:诗趣
poetic world:诗境
image:意象
【Grammar point】:a fit of+情绪名词,表示情感一下被激发:
E.g. a fit of anger:一怒之下
a fit of admiration:情不自禁
do sth in a fit of jealousy:因妒生狂
adopt the evasive attitude:采取躲避的态度
the pillar of Chinese Culture:中华文化的核心
pathway n.途径
enjoy tremendous dominance:享有巨大的优势
upshot. n.最终结局(是一种决定性结果)
spray. n.浪花,水花,水雾,喷雾
please find attached:请见附件
make sense of:弄懂,掌握
make sense:有道理
come what may:无论如何(作插入语)
have a go:试一试;我勒个去
Tips:表示“笑”的几种说法:
raise a laugh:惹人大笑
manage a smile:强颜欢笑
crack a smile:博人一笑
wide smile:指笑得很开心
tally up:结算
outside assistance:外援
have high stakes:有很高的风险
aspire to:渴望得到(可实现的愿望)
aspire for:渴望得到(不见得可以实现)
few and far between:少之又少(相当于adj)
draw a line between:区分
see to:负责,处理
see to it:确保
overwhelming majority:绝大多数
have no illusions about:对…不报希望
allusion. n.影射
Tips:“confine”和“limit”的区别:
confine侧重“范围”上的限制
limit侧重“程度”上的限制
Tips:instead 表替代性转折,连接一个否定表达和一个肯定表达,表示“不是…反而…”
Tips:“lighten up”用于呼吁型文体开头,表示“振奋,放松”
elite university:顶尖大学
hot buttons:热点问题
unfathomable. adj.深不可测的
ecstasy. n.心醉神迷,狂喜
strike…as:给某人留下印象;使突然想起;使认为
——stricken adj.受…侵袭的
E.g. flood-stricken area:洪灾地区
hinger on:取决于
Indian summer:最后的黄金时期,常译为“落日余晖”
border on:称得上,接近于
level voice:平稳的语调
ignoring:顾不上
emerge as a new force:异军突起
be down to earth:求真务实
Tips:若“舞台”用作比喻,多用“arena”这一单词表达而非“stage”。
put sth into the same packet:把…归为一类
productive force:生产力
ceremonial. adj.正式的,仪式的
ceremonious. adj.隆重的
Tips:某某地区属…气候可译为“…enjoys a …climate”。
political climate:政治风气
economic climate:经济形势
regular visitor:常客
encounter. v.经受(不好的事物)
sum total:总数,总额
put…at ~%=account for ~%
culturally advanced county:文明国家
“…”put in sb.某人说道。
the age-old Chinese culture:悠久的中国文化
moral force:精神力量
in the midst of:在…当中;步入…阶段;在...态势下
E.g. Asia is in the midst of a sound development. 亚洲的发展
呈现良好势态。
unleash potential:释放潜能
build a sound foundation for:打下坚实的基础
in the order of:大约(用于数量)
E.g. …is something in the order of 600.
600 or so:大约六百
provide incentives for:激励
ethnic harmony and national unity:民族团结和国家统一
in the final analysis:归根结底
offer to do sth:主动做某事
rack one’s brains for…:为…苦思冥想
run tight ships in…:对…十分严厉
claim. v.获得
E.g. claim the advantage:赢得优势
punch line:笑点;妙语
ill-informed. adj.信息不灵
That being said:话虽这么说(起承上启下的作用)
follow the beaten path:走老路
render sb a service:给某人提供服务
deliver fruitful outcomes:成果丰硕
deliver solid outcomes:务求实效
spare oneself:偷懒
unswervingly:始终不渝地,坚定不移的
succeed. v.继…之后(发生)
E.g. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.
几个星期以来,我又气又恨,感到非常苦恼,这种感情上的激烈斗争过去之后,我感到浑身无力。
注:与“ensue”的区别:
E.g. Panic ensues.(我)随后就慌了。
总结:Sth ensues.
Sth succeeds another sth.
endow. v.天生具有(常用被动语态be endowed with)
rural-urban disparity:城乡差距
minded. adj.有意思的
E.g. be minded to do sth:有意做某事
traditionally minded:思想守旧的
in this regard:就这一点而言
a far cry from= very different from:不像
all a far cry from. 迥然不同,相去甚远,远远不止
fruits of civilization/achievements of cultures:文明成果
establish diplomatic ties:建交
work more in a down-to-earth way/do more solod work:多实干
economic climate:经济形势
dereliction of duty:渎职,失职
make a concerted effort:齐心协力
through multiple avenues:通过多渠道
material benefits:物质福利,待遇(后接for sb)
at one’s side:在某人身边
style oneself as…:以…自居(含贬义)
some 360 years ago=360 years or so ago:大约360年前
weigh the value of:权衡…的价值
make an appearance:出现
claim one’s time:需要某人时间
Garbage in, garbage out. 无用输入,无用输出。
practical men:实干家
culminate the success:到达胜利的高潮
full diplomatic relations:正式外交关系
full member:正式党员
committed to:致力于
for…years running:逐年(上升)
years by years:连年(平稳)
land sb/sth in a crisis:使某人陷入不好的境地
佳句名篇:It is like a dream to me now, floating through my mind in a slow motion.
现在回想起来,就仿佛是一场梦,当时的情景还在我脑海里缓缓浮动。
whet one’s appetite=arouse one’s interests
an oasis of peace:祥和乐土
lucid waters and lush mountains:绿水青山
an utter failure:彻头彻尾的失败者
do one’s bit:尽自己的一份力量
moral force:精神力量
What a load of over-achievers! 佼佼者何其多!
put…high on the agenda:把…放在重要的议程上;优先
turn around:好转
in real terms:在实际情况下
proceed from reality:从实际出发
the day/night/week/year before last:前天/前夜/上上个星期/前年
cause stir:引起轰动,产生影响
hold water:经得起推敲(主动表被动)
E.g. I don’t think that this view can hold water.
concrete actions:实际行动
juggle. v.兼顾;辗转
E.g. juggle work and relationship:兼顾人际关系和工作
make ends meet:量入为出,糊口,使收支相抵
serve one’s purpose:达到目的
clear-cut guideline:明确的方针
phenomenally. adv.极其
ill purpose:企图,不良目的
respond to/cater to/meet demands/needs:满足需求
there is potential for sb/sth to…:可能发生,可能存在
“A do sth in much the way B do sth”:A和B以同样的方式做某事
of one’s day:某人那个时代
7 o’clock sharp:7点整
follow suit:跟风,学样,照着做
modernization drive:现代化建设,现代化进程
in dire need of:极其需要
embark on/ take…road:走上…道路
thorny problems:棘手的问题
product mix:产品结构
discharge of pollutants:污染物排放
congenial friendship:意气相投
pass hours in doing sth=spend hours in doing sth
task(派给某人任务) the lofty mission:肩负崇高的使命
exert increasing international influence:国际影响越来越大
out of sync:不同步
be tacked away:隐藏
in effect=in fact
substantial weight:很大分量
be drunk in=be intoxicated in:陶醉于
in the distant past:在遥远的过去
concede defeat:认输
remain steadfast in one’s belief:坚定信念
sth is down to sb某事由某人负责
sth be joined by a raft of(大量)…:某物竞争者繁多
sb has a long way to go:任重道远
【Grammar point】:“well received”就是“深受好评,深受欢迎”,其后可用“with+名词”的方式引出反应。
E.g. Sth has received with great disappointment.
take matters into one’s hands:着手做
top dog:头儿,领军人物
develop aesthetic taste of one’s own:形成自己的美学品味
suit one’s taste:合某人胃口
positive effects outweigh the negative effects:利大于弊
hold sb to account:使某人承担责任,追责某人
【Grammar point】:“entertain”可表示“心存、怀着、抱有”之义,其后可接名词。
E.g. entertain admiration:心怀敬慕之情
entertain thoughts of revenge:怀有报复的想法
live in harmony with…:与…和睦相处
high seas:公海
My foot falls asleep. 我的脚麻了。
a standing joke:老笑话
hit a ceiling on:勃然大怒
on some level:在某种程度上
shortlist:备选人名单,候选人名单
avail oneself of:利用
lifeblood. n.命脉,生命线
in the wake of:随着
E.g. In the wake of global economic crisis, Chinese governments…
perfectly. adv.极其,十分
E.g. perfectly right:十分正确
mighty river:大河
steer clear of:避免,避开
all the more:更加,益发
E.g. His words make me all the more angry.
E.g. It’s all the more important to:更加重要
serve sb right:罪有应得
yield to:为…所倾倒(无被动语态)
to see one’s name in print:看到自己的文章或书出版
rise to prominence:崭露头角
extend a warm welcome:表示热烈的欢迎
distinguished guests:贵宾
none the less:仍然
E.g. But there are some people worried none the less.
make all-out efforts to:全力以赴
strong language:激烈的言辞
fashion one’s own conventions:形成自己的惯例
secure a decisive victory in:决胜
from the prospective of concept=conceptually
know-how:诀窍,专门技术
without fail:一定,肯定
Tips:与“oneself”有关的搭配:
to oneself:独自享用——have sth to oneself:独自拥有
beside oneself:忘我,发狂
in itself:本身
all by oneself:独自一人
make do with:将就用,凑合用,勉强应付
E.g. I can make do with these tools.
in total disregard of:罔顾
to the point:中肯,切题
beside the point:离题
It won’t hurt to…:…没有害处
whisper in one’s ear:在某人耳旁密语
promise the moon:空口许诺
A bill would give legal teeth(使生效) to the moral obligation.
per se:本身
E.g. This drug is not harmful per se.
shirk one’s responsibility:逃避责任
make it profitable for:使之有利可图,使合算
trump card:王牌
a selling point:卖点
be on for:有待于
E.g. Sth is on for consultation. 某事有待商榷。
name ∧ names:公开点名,指名道姓
无任何冠词
add. v.补充说
keep the heart in suspense:使人的心焦虑不安
secretly. adv.暗中
primarily. adv.私下
the fluency of life:流水般的生活
see…through:将…进行到底
E.g. see reform and opening-up through.将改革开放进行到底
detailed policies:细则
ample room:余地大
the breakfast of choice:早餐首选
be open to:乐意接受,愿意(用于政工报译文)
E.g. China is open to…
maintain the status quo:维持现状
…be projected to:预计…将
be fast/sound asleep:熟睡
shamefaced. adj.羞愧的;不惹眼的
add to one’s confusion:使人更加迷惑
casual. adj.随意的
causal. adj.因果的 E.g. causal effect
Tips:若要用连词“if”表假设,不妨用“when”:
E.g. when/if it is fully developed…
【Grammar point】:“feel”和“touch”的区别:
“feel”可作“触摸”解,通常接触面大一些,用手触摸,而“touch”作“触碰”解,接触点小。
E.g. My mom felt my head.
maintain an interest:一直保持某一兴趣
dismiss. v.(法)驳回,不受理
E.g. The case was dismissed.
give a good account of oneself:充分证明自己的才华;干得出色(反义为give a poor account of oneself)
wrongdoing. n.不法行为
fend for oneself:自谋生路
in the mood for sth:“想做…”,“有心思做...”
prime mover:原动力
find fault with sb:挑毛病,找茬
credit…for sth:某事归功于…
E.g. credit their conversation skills for their success
get $