Unit 3 My School 单元语法讲练there be 句型和方位介词 2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级上册

该初中英语导学案以Unit 3 My School为主题，聚焦There be句型和方位介词两大核心语法点，设计“规则讲解-例句示范-分层练习”的递进式学习路径，从基本结构到否定、疑问转换，再到综合应用，通过填空、句型转换、翻译等关联任务构建完整知识体系。 亮点在于讲练结合的精准设计，There be句型通过就近原则辨析、some/any转换等培养思维品质，方位介词通过情境位置描述提升语言能力，配套多样化练习题及详细解析助力学生自主巩固，发展学习能力，为教师单元复习教学提供系统、高效的实践支持。

Unit 3 My School 单元语法讲练 There be 句型 和方位介词 一. There be 句型 1. 基本含义与结构 There be 结构表示 “存在”，即“某地有某物/某人”。它不同于表示“拥有”的 have/has。 · There is + 单数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点. · There are + 复数名词 + 地点. 2. 肯定句 · There is a book on the desk. 书桌上有一本书。 · There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 · There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。 【黄金法则：就近原则】 如果有多个主语并列，be动词 的形式由最靠近它的那个主语的单复数来决定。 · There is a pen, two books and an eraser in my bag. (离最近的是a pen，单数) · There are two books, a pen and an eraser in my bag. (离最近的是two books，复数) 3. 否定句 在 is 或 are 后面加上 not。如果是一些（some），要变成任何（any）。 · There is not (isn't) a bird in the tree. 树上没有一只鸟。 · There are not (aren't) any apples on the table. 桌子上没有任何苹果。 · There is not (isn't) any milk in the glass. 杯子里没有牛奶。 4. 一般疑问句 把 is 或 are 提到 there 的前面。 · Is there a park near your school? 你的学校附近有一个公园吗？ 回答：Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. · Are there any pictures on the wall? 墙上有一些画吗？ 回答：Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 【疑问句中的some变any】 在疑问句中，通常把 some 变成 any。 · 肯定句: There are some flowers in the garden. · 疑问句: Are there any flowers in the garden? 巩固练习题 一、用 is 或 are 填空 1. There ________ a pencil box on the desk. 2. There ________ some milk in the cup. 3. There ________ many trees in the park. 4. There ________ a dog and two cats under the tree. 5. There ________ two cats and a dog under the tree. 6. There ________ some bread on the plate. 7. There ________ 50 students in our class. 8. There ________ a map of China on the wall. 9. There ________ some money in my pocket. 10. There ________ a lot of people in the supermarket. 二、将下列句子改为否定句 11. There is a computer in the room. __________________________________________________________________________ 12. There are some birds in the sky. __________________________________________________________________________ 13. There is some juice in the bottle. __________________________________________________________________________ 14. There are any eggs in the box. __________________________________________________________________________ 15. There is a teacher in the office.\ __________________________________________________________________________ 三、将下列句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答 16. There is a library behind our school. __________________________________________________________________________ 回答：_____________________________ / ________________________________ 17. There are some flowers in the garden. __________________________________________________________________________ 回答：_____________________________ / ________________________________ 18. There is some cheese on the pizza. __________________________________________________________________________ 回答：_____________________________ / ________________________________ 19. There are many books on the shelf. __________________________________________________________________________ 回答：_____________________________ / ________________________________ 20. There is a river near the village. __________________________________________________________________________ 回答：_____________________________ / ________________________________ 四、对划线部分提问 21. There is a bird in the tree. __________________________________________________________________________ 22. There are five people in my family. __________________________________________________________________________ 23. There is some water in the glass. __________________________________________________________________________ 24. There are some books on the desk. __________________________________________________________________________ 25. There is some tea in the cup. __________________________________________________________________________ 五、翻译句子（使用There be结构） 26. 书包里有一本书和两把尺子。 __________________________________________________________________________ 27. 冰箱里有一些鸡蛋吗？ __________________________________________________________________________ 28. 我们学校没有游泳池。 __________________________________________________________________________ 29. 桌子上没有牛奶。 __________________________________________________________________________ 30. 房子前面有一辆小汽车。 __________________________________________________________________________ 六、改正句中的错误 31. There have a book on the desk. ________________________ 32. There are some water in the bottle. ________________________ 33. Is there a apples on the tree? ________________________ 34. There aren't some students in the classroom. ________________________ 35. There is a pen and three books in the bag. ________________________ 七、综合选择题 36. ________ a pen and two rulers on the desk. A. There is B. There are C. Have 37. —________ there any milk in the glass? —Yes, there ________. A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are 38. There ________ any students in the hall now. A. isn't B. aren't C. are 39. —Are there ________ pictures on the wall? —No, there aren't . A. some; some B. any; any C. any; some 40. How many days ________ in a week? A. is there B. are there C. there are 41. There ________ some chicken on the plate. A. is B. are C. have 42. ________ there a bank near here? A. Is B. Are C. Be 43. There ________ not a cat under the chair. A. is B. are C. am 44. There ________ some bread and two eggs on the table. A. is B. are C. have 45. —What's in your bag? — a storybook and a notebook. A. There are B. There is C. It is 八、根据中文提示完成句子 46. 墙上有一张地图。 There ________ a map on the wall. 47. 杯子里没有咖啡。 There ________ any coffee in the cup. 48. 你的城市有动物园吗？ ________ there a zoo in your city? 49. 冰箱里有一些蔬菜。 There ________ some vegetables in the fridge. 50. 书包里没有钱。 There ________ any money in the schoolbag. 练习题答案与解析 一、用 is 或 are 填空 1. is (a pencil box 是单数) 2. is (milk 是不可数名词) 3. are (many trees 是复数) 4. is (就近原则，最近的主语a dog是单数) 5. are (就近原则，最近的主语two cats是复数) 6. is (bread 是不可数名词) 7. are (50 students 是复数) 8. is (a map 是单数) 9. is (money 是不可数名词) 10. are (a lot of people 是复数) 二、改为否定句 11. There is not (isn't) a computer in the room. 12. There are not (aren't) any birds in the sky. (some 要变为 any) 13. There is not (isn't) any juice in the bottle. (some 要变为 any) 14. 原句错误，应为There are some eggs... -> 否定句：There aren't any eggs in the box. 15. There is not (isn't) a teacher in the office. 三、改为一般疑问句及回答 16. Is there a library behind your school? -> Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. 17. Are there any flowers in the garden? -> Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. (some 变 any) 18. Is there any cheese on the pizza? -> Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. (some 变 any) 19. Are there many books on the shelf? -> Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 20. Is there a river near the village? -> Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. 四、对划线部分提问 21. What is in the tree? (对“物”提问用What) 22. How many people are there in your family? (对“数量”提问用How many) 23. Where is the water? (对“地点”提问用Where) 24. Where are the books? (对“地点”提问用Where) 25. How much tea is there in the cup? (对“不可数名词的数量”提问用How much) 五、翻译句子 26. There is a book and two rulers in the schoolbag. (就近原则) 27. Are there any eggs in the fridge? 28. There isn't a swimming pool in our school. 29. There isn't any milk on the table. 30. There is a car in front of the house. 六、改正错误 31. There is a book on the desk. (表示“存在”用There be，不能用have) 32. There is some water in the bottle. (water不可数，用is) 33. Are there any apples on the tree? (apples是复数，疑问句用Are there，some变any) 34. There aren't any students in the classroom. (否定句中用any，不用some) 35. 正确。(就近原则，最近的主语a pen是单数，用is) 七、选择题 36. A (就近原则，a pen是单数) 37. A (milk不可数，用Is；回答也用is) 38. B (students是复数，否定用aren't) 39. B (疑问句和否定回答中都用any) 40. B (days是复数，疑问句结构Are there...?) 41. A (chicken在此意为“鸡肉”，不可数) 42. A (a bank是单数) 43. A (a cat是单数，否定用is not) 44. A (就近原则，最近的主语bread是不可数名词，用is) 45. B (就近原则，回答时a storybook是单数，用There is) 八、根据中文提示完成句子 46. is 47. isn't (coffee不可数) 48. Is 49. are (vegetables是复数) 50. isn't (money不可数) 二. 方位介词：in front of, behind, between, next to, across from 1. in front of （在...前面） · 含义：表示一物在另一物的正前方，两者是分离的。 · 例句： · The cat is in front of the house. 猫在房子前面。 · The teacher stands in front of the blackboard. 老师站在黑板前。 ⚠️ 注意：in the front of 意思是“在...内部的前端”，注意区分。 · The driver sits in the front of the bus. 司机坐在公交车的前部。（司机在公交车里面） 2. behind （在...后面） · 含义：表示一物在另一物的正后方，是 in front of 的反义词。 · 例句： · The garden is behind the house. 花园在房子后面。 · I hid behind the door. 我躲在门后面。 3. between （在...之间） · 含义：表示一物在另外两个事物之间。 · 固定搭配：between A and B (在A和B之间) · 例句： · The ball is between the box and the chair. 球在箱子和椅子之间。 · Our school is between a park and a library. 我们学校在一个公园和一个图书馆之间。 4. next to / beside （紧挨着；在...旁边） · 含义：表示一物紧挨着另一物，两者非常接近。next to 和 beside 意思基本相同，可以互换。 · 例句： · The bank is next to the post office. 银行紧挨着邮局。 · She sits beside me in class. 在班上她坐在我旁边。 5. across from / opposite （在...对面） · 含义：表示一物在另一物的正对面，通常中间有间隔（如街道、广场等）。across from 和 opposite 意思非常接近，常可互换。 · 例句： · The restaurant is across from the bank. 餐馆在银行对面。 · The supermarket is opposite our school. 超市在我们学校对面。 巩固练习题 一、用适当的方位介词填空 (in front of, behind, between, next to, across from) 1. The boy is sitting __________ his father and his mother. 2. Please don't stand __________ the car. It's dangerous. 3. There is a beautiful park __________ our house. We can see it from our window. 4. The science lab is __________ the library. You can find it easily. 5. Our classroom is __________ the teachers' office and the computer room. 6. I put my bag __________ the desk. 7. In the photo, my little sister is hiding __________ me. 8. The bus stop is right __________ the supermarket. You won't miss it. 9. The restaurant is __________ the street. We need to cross the road to get there. 10. In the theater, we sat __________ the screen. 二、单项选择题 11. The bank is __________ the post office and the supermarket. A. between B. next to C. behind 12. Look! There's a dog sitting __________ the house. It's in the garden. A. in front of B. behind C. between 13. Our school is __________ a bank. We can go there to get money during lunch time. A. across from B. next to C. behind 14. In class, Tom sits __________ me. We are desk mates. A. between B. next to C. across from 15. The park is __________ the street. We need to walk on the zebra crossing. A. behind B. between C. across from 三、根据中文提示完成句子 16. 书店在咖啡馆旁边。 The bookshop is __________ the café. 17. 医院在银行和邮局之间。 The hospital is __________ the bank __________ the post office. 18. 公交车站在超市对面。 The bus stop is __________ the supermarket. 19. 请站在线后面。 Please stand __________ the line. 20. 老师站在全班同学的前面。 The teacher stands __________ the whole class. 答案与解析 一、用适当的方位介词填空 1. between (在...之间，后面有and连接两个对象) 2. in front of (站在车前面很危险) 3. across from / opposite (从窗户能看到，说明在对面) 4. next to / beside (紧挨着，容易找到) 5. between (教室在办公室和电脑室两者之间) 6. next to / beside (包紧挨着桌子放着) 7. behind (藏在“我”的后面) 8. next to / beside (就在旁边，不会错过) 9. across from / opposite (需要过马路才能到，说明在街对面) 10. in front of (坐在屏幕前面) 二、单项选择题 11. A (银行在邮局和超市之间) 12. B (狗在房子后面的花园里) 13. B (午饭可以去取钱，说明银行就在学校旁边，非常近) 14. B (我们是同桌，所以是紧挨着坐) 15. C (需要走斑马线过马路，说明公园在街对面) 三、根据中文提示完成句子 16. next to / beside 17. between; and (between必须和and搭配使用) 18. across from / opposite 19. behind (站在线后面) 20. in front of (老师站在全班同学的前面) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$