Unit 3 Food and Culture Discovering useful structures 课件-2025-2026学年人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册

Learning about language Discover useful structure Unit 3 FOOD AND CULTURE To learn to use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice To be able to use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice properly Lead-in Look at the two pairs of sentences, paying attention to the meaning and use of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice. 1. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published. 2. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them. 3. Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 4. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them. 被动语态 The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时 第4句有什么特别之处呢？ 3 Presentation The basic structure of the Past Perfect Tense 基本结构：“had + 过去分词” 被动语态：“had been + 过去分词” 基本含义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻已经完 成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 had done Present “过去的过去” Presentation Usage of the past perfect tense – rule 1 1. When the police arrived, the thief had run away. 2. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Tom had lost lots of jobs. 3. He hadn’t finished it by yesterday evening. 4. By the end of this year, they __________ (treat) over 800 patients. (1)表示过去某时或某动作之前就已经完成或结束的动作。 注：过去的时间有时由时间状语表示出来（如上面的例句3），但在更多的情况下时间由上下文表示出来。 had treated Presentation Usage of the past perfect tense – rule 2 1. Kevin had been a newspaper reporter for two years before he became a businessman. 2. He said he ____________ (work) in that factory since 1949. 3. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally _______ (come). (2) 过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有时可能继续下去，常与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。 came had worked Presentation Usage of the past perfect tense – rule 3 1. Scarcely had the votes been counted, when the telephone rang. 2. No sooner had I walked out than I remembered that I forgot my homework. 3. Hardly had we sat down to supper when the phone rang. (3) 常用固定句型：（刚……就……） Hardly / Scarcely ... when ；No sooner ... than否定词置于句首，需要部分倒装。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Presentation Usage of the past perfect tense – rule 3 即学即练 1. 我刚到车站，火车就开了。(scarcely ... when ...) I had scarcely reached the station when the train started. /Scarcely had I reached the station when the train started. 2. 结果刚一宣布，人们就欢呼起来。(hardly ... when ...) Hardly had the result been announced when the crowd applauded. The result had hardly been announced when the crowd applauded. Presentation Usage of the past perfect tense – rule 4 1. We had intended to have a barbecue in the open air, but the weather was bad. 2. I had wished __________ (become) a doctor, but I studied law at college. 3. They ____________ (plan) to see us off at the airport. (4) 常用hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或者打算。 had planned to become Presentation Usage of the past perfect tense – rule 5 1. It was the first time she _________ (leave) her motherland. 2. It is the first time (that) I _____________ (speak) in public. 3. This _____ (be) the first time I had seen Dad so furious (狂怒的). 4. It is time for us ________ (pack) up and leave. (5) It / This / That was the first / second ... time (+ that) … 这是 / 那是某人第一 / 第二次 / 第……次做…… 此句型中，若主语中的be动词为was, 从句中的谓语则用过去完成时；若主句中的be动词为is, 从句中的谓语则用现在完成时。 had left have spoken was to pack Presentation Usage of the past perfect tense – rule 3 (6) 在下面情况中，我们常使用过去完成时 ①用于宾语从句。如： He said that he had been in China for over ten years. Fred told me that he had known Linda since he was a child. ②用于状语从句。如： When Monica had sung her song, she sat down. I didn’t begin the work until he had gone. ③用于定语从句。如： The lady showed me the pictures she had painted. Peter, who had waited for an hour, was very angry when his sister came up. Presentation The passive voice of the past perfect tense 结构： had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 e.g. The injured passengers had been sent to hospital before the reporters arrived at the spot. Presentation The passive voice of the past perfect tense 过去完成时的被动语态的用法 1) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作。 The vegetables didn’t taste good. They had been cooked for too long. 2) 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 It was reported that the money had been raised for weeks. Presentation The passive voice of the past perfect tense 过去完成时的被动语态的用法 3) 用在主句动词是过去式时的宾语从句中。 He wanted to know if the result had been announced (宣布). He told us that the project had been completed. 4) 根据语境判断动作的先后顺序或被动情况。 It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog. Practice The passive voice of the past perfect tense 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) The tickets _______________ (sell) out before I came to the cinema. 2) By the end of last year, we _______________ (produce) 20,000 cars. 3) He _______________ (tell) many times not to be late. 4) We _______________(warn) to be careful of rats. 5) A power station _______________ (set) up in their hometown. had been sold had produced had been told had been warned had been set Practice The passive voice of the past perfect tense 【语境应用】完成句子。 6) The train __________________ (leave) before we reached the station. 7) 100 tractors __________________ (produce) by the end of last year. 8) When the police arrived, the thieves __________________ (run) away. 9) She told us that the meeting __________________ (cancel).　 10) The car __________________ (drive) away this morning. had left had been produced had run had been cancelled had been driven Practice The passive voice of the past perfect tense 【语境应用】完成句子。 11) It ______________ (know) for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. 12) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. 13) I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______________ (carry) out in the past two years. had been known had been trapped had been carried Presentation The Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense 时态 结构 用法 一般过去时 主动： 被动： 过去完成时 主动： 被动： did / was / were was / were done had done had been done 动作发生在过去的 某个时间 动作发生在过去的 某个时间/ 动作之前 Presentation The Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense 1. Tom has eaten his supper. 2. Tom had eaten his supper in the canteen before he went back home. 1. The family have not finished breakfast. 2. The family were still at table, but they had finished breakfast. 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响； 过去完成时强调动作或状态开始于过去，也结束于过去。 Practice The Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense 即学即练 1. Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I _________ (keep) telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. (2020 全国Ⅰ卷) 2. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, ___________ (arrive) before other activists with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!” (2020 全国Ⅲ卷改) have kept had arrived Practice The Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense 即学即练 3. Arriving at the party hurriedly, we ______ (be) disappointed to find that the band ___________ (stop) playing. 4. Hardly ______ he left the room when the traveler entered. 5. Ehlers called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them that their dog ________________ (find). (2019 全国Ⅱ卷改) 6. Last winter, when I _______ (go) there again, they _______ (have) a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens. (2018 全国Ⅰ卷) had stopped were had had been found went had Practice The Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense 即学即练 7. Ben __________ (move) to England with his mum when he was three and it _________ (be) 13 years since I had last seen him. (2018 全国Ⅱ卷) 8. This is the first time he ______________ (confront) an armed robber. 9. Millions of years ago, dinosaurs roamed (漫步) the earth, but they ____________ (become) extinct by the time humankind first appeared. has confronted had moved had been had become Practice The Comparison between the Past Perfect Tense and the Present Perfect Tense 即学即练 10. Mary, when questioned why she ___________ (cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head and ______ (keep) silent. 11. Since then, Ricky ____________ (decide) to become a “Maximum Efficiency Boy”, and ____ (put) real care into how he treated his things. 12. Hardly had I _____ (come) out of the railway station when my parents _____ (run) to me and _______ (help) me carry my luggage. had cheated come kept has decided helped put ran Practice Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice. cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tell 1. Carol: ____________ you ever ____________ any Scottish food before your trip to St. Andrews last year? Paul: No, not really. But I ____________ about haggis many times before we went there. Carol: Oh…Did you try it? Paul: Oh, yes! You know what? We arrived late for supper that day, and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen. We ___________ our meal before we learnt we ___________ just ___________ haggis! Had tasted had been told had finished had eaten Practice Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice. cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tell 1. Carol: My goodness! Paul: Well, it was not bad. I have to say… 2. Carol: When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I found nobody there. ___________ it _______________? Paul: Oh, I’m so sorry that I forgot to tell you! The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally, the hostess, _____________ into a car accident. Carol: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. Hope Sally recovers soon! Had been cancelled had got 27 $$