Unit 1 Science and Scientists Discover useful structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Learning about language Discover useful structure Unit 1 Science and scientists To learn to use predicative clauses. To make sentences using predicative clauses. Lead-in Learn about something about John Snow and analyze what part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence. ①His dream is to defeat Cholera. ②He finally became a successful scientist. ③The causes of the disease remain unknown to the public. ④The results of the experiment sound reasonable. predicative Presentation Observe the sentences and think about what is a predicative clause. ①What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome. ②The exact places Snow marked on the map were where all those who died had lived. ③Snow’s finding was that the pump water carried cholera germs. 系动词 表语从句 系动词 表语从句 表语从句 系动词 在复合句中，位于_________之后，充当________的名词性从句称作表语从句。 可以接表语从句的系动词有: be; feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell; remain, keep, stay; become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall; prove, turn out. 表语 系动词 Presentation The concept of predicative clause Presentation The predicative clause : grammar points 一、that 引导的表语从句 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was ______ bad air caused the disease. Another was ______ cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. (Para. 2) What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed ______ the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (Para. 3) that ____ 意义，在表语从句中 __________ 成分,起__________ 作用，________ 省略。 that that that 无 不充当 连接 不能 The question is _________ we can rely on him. He often tells lies. The question is _________ we can finish the task on time, for we have only three days left. Presentation The predicative clause : grammar points 二、whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起 _____ 作用，意为“_________________”，在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if ______引导表语从句)。 思考：可以用“if”来引导吗？ 连接 是否、究竟、到底 不能 whether whether Presentation The predicative clause : grammar points 三、what, which, who, whom, whose 等引导的表语从句 Tom is no longer _______ he used to be. The question is _______ of us should come first. (我们两个中的哪一个) The problem is ______ is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is _______name should be put on the top of the list. 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 除在句子中起 ______ 作用外，还可在从句中作 _____、_____ 或 ______，且各有词义。 what which who whose 连接 主语 表语 定语 Presentation The predicative clause : grammar points 四、where, when, why, how 引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起 ______ 作用外，在从句中还充当_______、______、______或______状语，本身具有词义。 That’s _______ I can’t agree with you. This is ______ Sara was late for the meeting. (She missed the early bus.) This is _____ they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is ______ I attended an American wedding as a child. 连接 时间 地点 方式 原因 where why how when Presentation The predicative clause : grammar points 五、as if / as though 引导的表语从句 as if / as though 引导的表语从句常置于_________ look, seem, sound, be, become 等_________。 It seems __________________ he doesn’t know the answer. It looks __________________ it is going to rain. as if / as though as if / as though 系动词 后面 Presentation The predicative clause : grammar points Attention The reason why he is late for school is ________ he missed the bus. 2. Why we decided to put off the football match is ________ the weather was too bad. 当主句的主语是 _____________ 或 why 引导的 __________时常用 ______ 来引导表语从句，而不用 because。 that that the reason 主语从句 that Presentation The predicative clause : grammar points Attention that / this / it + is / was +why + ________ (原因 / 结果) 表示“_________________________” that / this / it + is / was + because + _______ (原因 / 结果) 表示“________________________” the reason why … is that … 中 why 是引导 _________，that 引导的是 _________，表示“___________________”。 3. I think that’s _____ he was so angry. 4. I think it is ________ you are doing too much. 5. The reason ______ he was so late is _____ it was raining hard. why because why that 这 / 那就是……的原因 原因 这 / 那就是因为…… 结果 定语从句 表语从句 ……的原因是…… Presentation The predicative clause : grammar points Attention 当主句的主语是表示建议（suggestion, advice）、命令（order）、要求（request, proposal）、计划（plan）等的名词时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。 6. My suggestion is that we ____________ (go) and help him. 7. My advice is that we ____________ (get) there by train. (should) go (should) get Presentation The concept of predicative clause 在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句必须用陈述语序。 e.g. The question is who broke the vase. My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. Presentation The concept of predicative clause 表语从句的引导词 连接词 连词 在从句中不作成分 that, whether, as if, as though, because … 连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever … 连接副词 在从句中作状语 when, where, how, why … PS: 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 Practice Underline all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Practice Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses. What was it that John Snow showed to the world? →What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome. Practice Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses. 1. What was Snow's discovery in two particular streets in London? Snow's discovery in two particular streets in London was that ______________________________________________________ _______________. 2. What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London? What Snow was determined to find out was why _____________________________________________________________. the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days the outbreak of cholera had caused over 500 deaths within ten days Practice Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses. 3. What were the exact places Snow marked on the map? The exact places Snow marked on the map were where ___________________________________________________. 4. What was the finding that Snow announced? Snow's finding was that ______________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________. all those who died had lived / all the dead people had lived the water pump was to blame for the spread of cholera/ the pump water carried cholera germs/ water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste Practice David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project. First complete David’s lines (A-E), using the words in the box. Then put David’s lines in the correct order and practise the conversation. as if that what who when how why whose which whether A. Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was _______ happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria. B. Yes, it is. And it seemed _______ all the theories were useful, but the fact was _______ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another. C. Exactly. The problem was not about _______ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding _________________ theory to depend upon. D. We realised that what we cared about was not __________ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather _______ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect! E. You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was _______ we had to carry out the research in the first place. what as if that whether which/what/whose which/that how why Practice Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science. Maria: With your theoretical framework? Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance. Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work. David: _____A_____ David: ___________ David: ___________ David: ___________ Maria: So what happened in the end? David: ___________ David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project. First complete David’s lines (A-E), using the words in the box. Then put David’s lines in the correct order and practise the conversation. C B E D 23 $$