【湖南专用】Unit 8 （Reading and Writing）-《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版）《一课一练》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：基于中职学生英语知识能力普遍薄弱的学情特点，我们始终坚持“以生为本”的教育理念，深度融合支架式教学理论，深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》，匠心打造了契合职教高考命题特色的《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版）《一课一练》专辑，专辑共40练。 本卷为《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版） Unit 8 Role Models of the Times （Reading and Writing）的课后作业。 《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版） Unit 8 Role Models of the Times 一课一练（38） Reading and Writing 一、阅读理解：根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to repair the environment around human being. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste in the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he built a series of clear tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds (池塘) and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. 1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone. C．He had a curious mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 2．What does the underlined word “ecosystem” mean? A．自然系统 B．循环系统 C．经济系统 D．生态系统 3．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To build an ecosystem. B．To feed the animals. C．To test the eco-machine. D．To protect the plants. 4．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea. C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To remove doubts about John’s invention. 5．What is the basis for John’s work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 二、请根据以下短文内容，回答短文后面的问题，各题回答词数不得超过10个单词。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942 and died in March 14, 201 8. He was one of the most well－known scientists on space and time in the world. Hawking had ever researched how the universe began and how it would end. He was called the King of the Universe. When he studied math and science at Oxford University, he became seriously ill, which made him unable to speak or breathe without the help of machines. He couldn’t move or feed himself and he was helped to dress, eat and wash by a nurse. However, he had a wheelchair with a special computer, with which he could communicate with others. In spite of all those difficulties, he refused to give up his hope of living and went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University. In 1965, he got a Doctor’s Degree of Philosophy (哲学). Because of his serious illness, it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write. So he started to think in pictures. With this new way of thinking, he was respected by people in the world. Then in 1988, he wrote his first important book, A Brief History of Time. It has been sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages. He was once invited to China to give lectures. His self－confidence and humorous conversations impressed us deeply. From Hawking’s unusual experiences, we learn that nobody should lose hope, no matter how bad the situation is. As he once said, “Life is not fair, you just have to do the best you can in your own situation.” 6．What did people call Hawking? 7．Why was Hawking unable to speak or breathe without the help of machines? 8．When did Hawking get a Doctor’s Degree of Philosophy? 9．What’s the name of Hawking’s first important book? 10．What can we learn from Hawking’s unusual experiences? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：基于中职学生英语知识能力普遍薄弱的学情特点，我们始终坚持“以生为本”的教育理念，深度融合支架式教学理论，深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》，匠心打造了契合职教高考命题特色的《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版）《一课一练》专辑，专辑共40练。 本卷为《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版） Unit 8 Role Models of the Times （Reading and Writing）的课后作业。 《英语 基础模块3》（高教版2023修订版） Unit 8 Role Models of the Times 一课一练（38） Reading and Writing 一、阅读理解：根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to repair the environment around human being. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste in the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he built a series of clear tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds (池塘) and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. 1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone. C．He had a curious mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 2．What does the underlined word “ecosystem” mean? A．自然系统 B．循环系统 C．经济系统 D．生态系统 3．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To build an ecosystem. B．To feed the animals. C．To test the eco-machine. D．To protect the plants. 4．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea. C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To remove doubts about John’s invention. 5．What is the basis for John’s work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了约翰·托德受自然启发，致力于利用自然原理构建生态机器来解决环境问题的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。)”及第二段“John went back to observing nature and asking questions. (约翰重新开始观察自然，提出问题。)”可知，约翰从小就喜欢探索和观察自然，并提出问题，可推知他有好奇心。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. (渐渐地，这些不同种类的生命相互适应，形成了自己的……。)”可知，这里指的是生物之间相互作用形成的生态关系，被称为“生态系统”，可推知“ecosystem”意为“生态系统”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste in the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. (他认为，通过正确的动植物组合，也许他可以像大自然那样清理废物。他决定建造一个他后来称之为生态机器的东西。)”、第三段“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge. ... After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (约翰给自己定的任务是从一些污泥中去除有害物质。……几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去。)”以及第四段“The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水。)”可知，约翰构建了生态机器，把污泥放进去是为了测试这个生态机器能否像他设想的那样处理污泥，将污泥当作食物消化掉，可推知是为了测试生态机器。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可知，提到福州是为了举例说明约翰的想法在中国的一个城市得到了应用。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中约翰小时候的观察结果“A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. (例如，一条肮脏的溪流流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。)”及第二段约翰通过学习所得出的推论“With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste in the way nature did. (他认为，通过正确的动植物组合，也许他可以像大自然那样清理废物。)”可推知，约翰的一系列工作都是建立在自然界具有自我修复能力的基础之上的。故选A。 二、请根据以下短文内容，回答短文后面的问题，各题回答词数不得超过10个单词。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942 and died in March 14, 201 8. He was one of the most well－known scientists on space and time in the world. Hawking had ever researched how the universe began and how it would end. He was called the King of the Universe. When he studied math and science at Oxford University, he became seriously ill, which made him unable to speak or breathe without the help of machines. He couldn’t move or feed himself and he was helped to dress, eat and wash by a nurse. However, he had a wheelchair with a special computer, with which he could communicate with others. In spite of all those difficulties, he refused to give up his hope of living and went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University. In 1965, he got a Doctor’s Degree of Philosophy (哲学). Because of his serious illness, it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write. So he started to think in pictures. With this new way of thinking, he was respected by people in the world. Then in 1988, he wrote his first important book, A Brief History of Time. It has been sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages. He was once invited to China to give lectures. His self－confidence and humorous conversations impressed us deeply. From Hawking’s unusual experiences, we learn that nobody should lose hope, no matter how bad the situation is. As he once said, “Life is not fair, you just have to do the best you can in your own situation.” 6．What did people call Hawking? 7．Why was Hawking unable to speak or breathe without the help of machines? 8．When did Hawking get a Doctor’s Degree of Philosophy? 9．What’s the name of Hawking’s first important book? 10．What can we learn from Hawking’s unusual experiences? 【答案】6．The King of the Universe. 7．Because he became seriously ill. 8．In 1965. 9．A Brief History of Time. 10．We learn that nobody should lose hope. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了斯蒂芬·霍金1942年出生于英国，介绍了他遭受的病痛，及其取得的伟大成就。 6．根据第一段最后一句“He was called the King of the Universe (他被称为宇宙之王)”可知，人们称他为宇宙之王。故填The King of the Universe. 7．根据第二段第一句“When he studied math and science at Oxford University, he became seriously ill, which made him unable to speak or breathe without the help of machines (当他在牛津大学学习数学和科学时，他得了重病，这使他无法在没有机器帮助的情况下说话或呼吸)”可知，是因为生了重病使他无法在没有机器帮助的情况下说话或呼吸。故填Because he became seriously ill. 8．根据第三段第二句“In 1965, he got a Doctor’s Degree of Philosophy (1965年，他获得了哲学博士学位)”可知，是1965年霍金获得了哲学博士学位。故填In 1965. 9．根据第三段倒数第三句“Then in 1988, he wrote his first important book, A Brief History of Time (然后在1988年，他写了他的第一本书《时间简史》)”可知，这本书的名字是时间简史。故填A Brief History of Time. 10．根据最后一段第一句“From Hawking’s unusual experiences, we learn that nobody should lose hope, no matter how bad the situation is (从霍金不寻常的经历中，我们学习到无论情况多么糟糕，任何人都不应该失去希望)”可知，从霍金不寻常的经历中学到了任何人都不应该失去希望。故填We learn that nobody should lose hope. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$