内容正文:
编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》及历年真题进行编写。本专辑共三大部分27个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是聚焦甘肃省中职升学英语课程考试大纲中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考真题题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语言知识清单的第1个专题,内容为词义辨析。
2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习
英语语言知识清单
专题21 词义辨析(易混动词/名词/形容词) 知识点精讲(讲+练)
【考点解读】
词义辨析是甘肃省中职升学英语考试的核心考点之一,主要考查考生对易混动词、名词、形容词的辨析能力,包括词义差异、搭配习惯、语境运用等。其考查重点包括:
(1)易混动词的词义区别及搭配(如take/bring/carry,say/speak/talk/tell);
(2)易混名词的可数性、搭配及语义侧重(如job/work,problem/question);
(3)易混形容词的词义程度、搭配及语境适用(如good/well,big/large/great)。
本专题通过系统梳理三大类易混词的辨析方法,帮助考生掌握 “结合语境→分析词义→匹配搭配” 的解题逻辑,提升在具体语境中准确使用词汇的能力。
【知识点清单一】易混动词辨析
【要点精讲】
动词是句子的核心成分,易混动词的辨析主要从词义侧重、搭配习惯、使用语境三个维度展开。以下为高频易混动词组的详细解析:
1.take/bring/carry/fetch
take:表示 “从说话人所在地带走”,强调 “离开”,搭配如take...to...(把…… 带到……)。
例:Please take this book to the library.(请把这本书带到图书馆。)
bring:表示 “从别处带到说话人所在地”,强调 “带来”,搭配如bring...to...(把…… 带来……)。
例:Can you bring your notebook to class tomorrow?(你明天能把笔记本带到课堂吗?)
carry:表示 “搬运、携带”,不强调方向,侧重动作本身,可用于具体或抽象事物(如 “承担责任”)。
例:She carries a heavy bag every day.(她每天背着一个沉重的包。)
fetch:表示 “去取并带回”,包含 “去” 和 “回” 两个动作,相当于go and bring。
例:Please fetch a glass of water for me.(请去给我拿一杯水来。)
2.say/speak/talk/tell
say:侧重 “说的内容”,为及物动词,后接宾语(多为名词、从句或直接引语)。
例:He said he would come.(他说他会来。)
speak:侧重 “说话的动作或能力”,为不及物动词;作及物动词时后接语言类名词(如English)。
例:She speaks French fluently.(她法语说得流利。)
talk:侧重 “双方交谈”,为不及物动词,搭配talk to/with sb.(与某人交谈)、talk about sth.(谈论某事)。
例:They are talking about their holiday.(他们在谈论假期。)
tell:侧重 “告知、讲述”,为及物动词,搭配tell sb. sth.(告诉某人某事)、tell a story/joke(讲故事 / 笑话)。
例:My mother often tells me stories.(妈妈经常给我讲故事。)
3.rise/raise
◦rise:不及物动词,意为 “上升、升起、(数量)增加”,主语多为自然现象(如太阳、价格等),无被动语态。
例:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
◦raise:及物动词,意为 “举起、提高、筹集、养育”,后必须接宾语,有被动语态。
例:He raised his hand to ask a question.(他举手提问。)
4.borrow/lend/keep
borrow:表示 “借入”,搭配borrow sth. from sb.(从某人处借某物),短暂性动词。
例:I borrowed a pen from Lucy.(我从露西那借了一支笔。)
lend:表示 “借出”,搭配lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人),短暂性动词。
例:She lent her bike to me.(她把自行车借给了我。)
keep:表示 “保留、借用(一段时间)”,延续性动词,可与表示时间段的状语连用。
例:You can keep the book for a week.(这本书你可以借一周。)
5.look/see/watch
look:侧重 “看的动作”,不及物动词,搭配look at...(看……)。
例:Look at the blackboard, please.(请看黑板。)
see:侧重 “看的结果”,意为 “看见”,及物动词;还可表示 “理解、拜访”。
例:I saw him in the park yesterday.(我昨天在公园看见他了。)
watch:侧重 “专注地看、观看”,如看电视、比赛等,及物动词。
例:We watch TV every evening.(我们每天晚上看电视。)
6.【表格解析(易混动词对比)】
动词组
核心词义差异
常见搭配
典型例句
易混点提示
take/bring
take(带走);bring(带来)
take...to;bring...to
Take the umbrella with you. / Bring me a cup of tea.
方向相反:take 表离开,bring 表到来
say/speak
say(说内容);speak(说动作 / 语言)
say sth.;speak + 语言
He said “Hello”. / She speaks Chinese.
say 接内容,speak 接语言
rise/raise
rise(上升,不及物);raise(举起,及物)
无宾语;raise + 宾语
The river rises. / Raise your hand.
rise 无被动,raise 需接宾语
borrow/lend
borrow(借入);lend(借出)
borrow from;lend to
I borrowed a book from him. / He lent a book to me.
方向相反:borrow 入,lend 出
look/see
look(看动作);see(看结果)
look at;see + 宾语
Look at the picture. / I see a bird.
look 表动作,see 表结果
【即时训练】
1.Could you please ______ this letter to the post office?
A. take B. bring C. carry D. fetch
2.My brother can ______ three languages, and he often ______ with foreigners.
A. say;talks B. speak;talks C. tell;speaks D. talk;says
3.The price of vegetables ______ a lot because of the bad weather.
A. rose B. raised C. rises D. raises
4.—How long can I ______ this dictionary?
—For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return
5.Please ______ at the map carefully, and you will ______ the way to the museum.
A. look;see B. see;look C. watch;see D. look;watch
6.My mother often ______ me to study hard, and she ______ that knowledge is power.
A. speaks;says B. tells;says C. talks;speaks D. tells;speaks
7.The students ______ their hands when they have questions in class.
A. rise B. raise C. put D. take
8.Could you ______ me your pen? I forgot to bring mine, and I need to ______ some notes.
A. borrow;take B. lend;take C. lend;make D. borrow;make
【知识点清单二】易混名词辨析
【要点精讲】
名词辨析需关注可数性(可数 / 不可数)、搭配习惯(与动词 / 介词的固定搭配)及语义侧重。以下为高频易混名词组解析。
1.job/work
job:可数名词,表 “具体的工作或职业”,搭配如find a job(找工作)、a part-time job(兼职工作)。
例:He has a good job in a bank.(他在银行有份好工作。)
work:不可数名词,表 “抽象的工作内容或劳动”,搭配如do work(做工作)、hard work(努力工作);也可作动词,表 “工作”。
例:I have a lot of work to do.(我有很多工作要做。)
2.problem/question
problem:指 “需要解决的难题、问题”,多与solve(解决)搭配,侧重实际困难。
例:We need to solve the environmental problem.(我们需要解决环境问题。)
question:指 “需要回答的疑问”,多与ask(问)、answer(回答)搭配,侧重口头或书面的提问。
例:The teacher asked me a difficult question.(老师问了我一个难题。)
3.trip/journey/travel
trip:可数名词,表 “短途旅行”(尤指休闲或公务),侧重 “往返行程”,搭配go on a trip。
例:We had a trip to the countryside last weekend.(上周末我们去乡下旅行了。)
journey:可数名词,表 “长途旅行”(尤指陆路),侧重 “路程本身”,搭配have a long journey。
例:They went on a long journey across the desert.(他们进行了一次穿越沙漠的长途旅行。)
travel:不可数名词,表 “旅行(总称)” 或 “游历”,侧重抽象概念;也可作动词。
例:Travel broadens the mind.(旅行开阔眼界。)
4.noise/sound/voice
noise:可数或不可数名词,表 “噪音、杂音”,侧重不悦耳的声音。
例:The traffic makes a lot of noise.(交通产生很多噪音。)
sound:不可数名词,表 “一切声音(泛指)”;可数时表 “一段声音”。
例:We heard a strange sound in the night.(夜里我们听到一个奇怪的声音。)
voice:可数名词,表 “人的嗓音或说话声”。
例:She has a beautiful voice.(她有一副好嗓子。)
6.time
作不可数名词时,表 “时间”,搭配have time(有时间)、save time(节省时间)。
例:Time is money.(时间就是金钱。)
作可数名词时,表 “次数、倍数”,搭配three times(三次 / 三倍)。
例:I have been to Beijing twice.(我去过北京两次。)
7.people/person
people:表 “人” 时为集体名词,单数形式表复数意义(不加s);表 “民族” 时为可数名词,复数加s。
例:There are many people in the park.(公园里有很多人。)
◦person:可数名词,表 “单个的人”,复数为persons(正式用语)或people。
例:He is a kind person.(他是个善良的人。)
8.【表格解析(易混名词对比)】
名词组
可数性
语义侧重
常见搭配
典型例句
job/work
job(可数);work(不可数)
job(具体职业);work(抽象工作内容)
find a job;do work
He got a new job. / I have much work to do.
problem/question
均可数
problem(需解决的难题);question(需回答的疑问)
solve a problem;answer a question
We solved the problem. / She asked a question.
trip/journey
均可数
trip(短途旅行);journey(长途旅行)
go on a trip;a long journey
We took a trip. / They made a long journey.
noise/voice
noise(可 / 不可数);voice(可数)
noise(噪音);voice(人的嗓音)
make noise;a beautiful voice
The noise is too loud. / She has a sweet voice.
【即时训练】
1.My father has a good ______ in a factory, and he always finishes his ______ on time.
A. work;job B. job;works C. job;work D. work;works
2.—Can you answer this ______ for me?
—Sorry, it’s too difficult. Maybe we need to ask the teacher to solve the ______.
A. question;problem B. problem;question C. question;question D. problem;problem
3.We will go on a ______ to the seaside this weekend, but my uncle will make a long ______ to Europe next month.
A. journey;trip B. trip;journey C. travel;trip D. journey;travel
4.Don’t make so much ______ in the library. Everyone is reading quietly.
A. sound B. voice C. noise D. singing
5.How many ______ are there in the meeting room? About twenty ______.
A. people;persons B. persons;peoples C. people;people D. person;people
6.My brother spent a lot of ______ learning English, and he has been to England three ______.
A. time;time B. times;time C. time;times D. times;times
7.It’s not easy to find a good ______ in the city, so you should work hard at your ______.
A. work;job B. job;work C. job;job D. work;work
8.The little girl has a beautiful ______, and she likes to sing. Her songs make no ______ but pleasure.
A. voice;noise B. sound;voice C. noise;sound D. voice;sound
【知识点清单三】易混形容词辨析
【要点精讲】
形容词的辨析需关注词义程度(如big/large)、搭配习惯(如good修饰名词,well作副词)及语境适用(如ill/sick)。以下为高频易混形容词组解析:
1.good/well
good:形容词,修饰名词,表 “好的、优良的”,搭配如a good student(好学生)、good news(好消息)。
例:She is a good singer.(她是个好歌手。)
well:作形容词时仅表 “健康的”;作副词时表 “好地”,修饰动词。
例:He is well after the illness.(他病后康复了。)/ She sings well.(她唱得好。)
2.big/large/great
big:侧重 “体积、规模大”,口语化,可修饰具体事物(如a big house)或抽象概念(如a big mistake)。
例:There is a big tree in front of the house.(房子前有棵大树。)
large:侧重 “面积、数量大”,书面化,多修饰具体事物(如a large city),不修饰人。
例:China is a large country.(中国是个大国。)
great:侧重 “程度深、重要”,表 “伟大的、极好的”,修饰抽象事物(如a great man、great success)。
例:Einstein was a great scientist.(爱因斯坦是位伟大的科学家。)
3.little/small
little:表 “数量少”(修饰不可数名词)或 “年龄小”,含感情色彩(如可爱、小巧)。
例:There is little water in the bottle.(瓶子里没多少水了。)/ She is a little girl.(她是个小女孩。)
small:表 “尺寸、规模小”,仅指客观大小,无感情色彩,修饰可数名词。
例:This is a small box.(这是个小盒子。)
4.ill/sick
ill:表 “生病的”,仅作表语,不作定语;还可表 “坏的”(如ill news)。
例:He is ill in bed.(他生病卧床了。)
sick:表 “生病的”,可作表语或定语;还可表 “恶心的”(如feel sick)。
例:She looks after her sick mother.(她照顾生病的妈妈。)/ I feel sick.(我觉得恶心。)
5.many/much/a lot of
many:修饰可数名词复数,表 “许多”,用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
例:Many students like English.(很多学生喜欢英语。)
much:修饰不可数名词,表 “许多”,多用于否定句和疑问句;肯定句中常用a lot of。
例:There isn’t much milk in the fridge.(冰箱里没多少牛奶了。)
a lot of:既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词,多用于肯定句。
例:She has a lot of friends.(她有很多朋友。)/ We need a lot of water.(我们需要很多水。)
6.【表格解析(易混形容词对比)】
形容词组
词义侧重
搭配习惯
典型例句
易混点提示
good/well
good(好的,修饰名词);well(健康的,作表语;好地,作副词)
good + 名词;well(表语 / 修饰动词)
a good book;He is well. / He swims well.
well 作形容词仅表 “健康”
big/large
big(体积大,口语);large(面积 / 数量大,书面)
均修饰名词
a big dog;a large room
修饰人用 big(如 a big boy),不用 large
little/small
little(数量少 / 年龄小,含感情);small(尺寸小,客观)
little + 不可数名词 / 表年龄;small + 可数名词
little money;a small bag
little 表 “小” 时多修饰人,small 修饰物
ill/sick
均表 “生病的”,ill 仅作表语,sick 可作定语 / 表语
ill(表语);sick(定语 / 表语)
He is ill.;a sick child / She is sick.
ill 不能作定语修饰名词
【即时训练】
1.My grandmother is 80 years old, but she is still ______. She can dance ______.
A. good;well B. well;good C. well;well D. good;good
2.Shanghai is a ______ city with a ______ population, and it has a ______ history.
A. big;large;great B. large;big;great C. great;large;big D. big;great;large
3.There is ______ milk in the glass, but there are ______ small stones in the yard.
A. little;many B. small;many C. little;much D. small;much
4.The ______ boy is ______ in bed. His mother is looking after him.
A. little;ill B. small;ill C. little;sick D. small;sick
5.—Do you have ______ friends in your new school?
—Yes, but I don’t have ______ time to play with them.
A. many;many B. much;much C. many;much D. much;many
6.This is a ______ mistake. You should be careful next time.
A. big B. large C. great D. small
7.—How is your grandfather?
—He is ______. He can even do ______ farm work.
A. good;many B. well;much C. well;many D. good;much
8.There are ______ apples in the basket, and we also need ______ water.
A. a lot of;a lot of B. many;many C. much;much D. a lot of;many
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编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》及历年真题进行编写。本专辑共三大部分27个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是聚焦甘肃省中职升学英语课程考试大纲中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考真题题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语言知识清单的第1个专题,内容为词义辨析。
2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习
英语语言知识清单
专题21 词义辨析(易混动词/名词/形容词) 知识点精讲(讲+练)
【考点解读】
词义辨析是甘肃省中职升学英语考试的核心考点之一,主要考查考生对易混动词、名词、形容词的辨析能力,包括词义差异、搭配习惯、语境运用等。其考查重点包括:
(1)易混动词的词义区别及搭配(如take/bring/carry,say/speak/talk/tell);
(2)易混名词的可数性、搭配及语义侧重(如job/work,problem/question);
(3)易混形容词的词义程度、搭配及语境适用(如good/well,big/large/great)。
本专题通过系统梳理三大类易混词的辨析方法,帮助考生掌握 “结合语境→分析词义→匹配搭配” 的解题逻辑,提升在具体语境中准确使用词汇的能力。
【知识点清单一】易混动词辨析
【要点精讲】
动词是句子的核心成分,易混动词的辨析主要从词义侧重、搭配习惯、使用语境三个维度展开。以下为高频易混动词组的详细解析:
1.take/bring/carry/fetch
take:表示 “从说话人所在地带走”,强调 “离开”,搭配如take...to...(把…… 带到……)。
例:Please take this book to the library.(请把这本书带到图书馆。)
bring:表示 “从别处带到说话人所在地”,强调 “带来”,搭配如bring...to...(把…… 带来……)。
例:Can you bring your notebook to class tomorrow?(你明天能把笔记本带到课堂吗?)
carry:表示 “搬运、携带”,不强调方向,侧重动作本身,可用于具体或抽象事物(如 “承担责任”)。
例:She carries a heavy bag every day.(她每天背着一个沉重的包。)
fetch:表示 “去取并带回”,包含 “去” 和 “回” 两个动作,相当于go and bring。
例:Please fetch a glass of water for me.(请去给我拿一杯水来。)
2.say/speak/talk/tell
say:侧重 “说的内容”,为及物动词,后接宾语(多为名词、从句或直接引语)。
例:He said he would come.(他说他会来。)
speak:侧重 “说话的动作或能力”,为不及物动词;作及物动词时后接语言类名词(如English)。
例:She speaks French fluently.(她法语说得流利。)
talk:侧重 “双方交谈”,为不及物动词,搭配talk to/with sb.(与某人交谈)、talk about sth.(谈论某事)。
例:They are talking about their holiday.(他们在谈论假期。)
tell:侧重 “告知、讲述”,为及物动词,搭配tell sb. sth.(告诉某人某事)、tell a story/joke(讲故事 / 笑话)。
例:My mother often tells me stories.(妈妈经常给我讲故事。)
3.rise/raise
◦rise:不及物动词,意为 “上升、升起、(数量)增加”,主语多为自然现象(如太阳、价格等),无被动语态。
例:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
◦raise:及物动词,意为 “举起、提高、筹集、养育”,后必须接宾语,有被动语态。
例:He raised his hand to ask a question.(他举手提问。)
4.borrow/lend/keep
borrow:表示 “借入”,搭配borrow sth. from sb.(从某人处借某物),短暂性动词。
例:I borrowed a pen from Lucy.(我从露西那借了一支笔。)
lend:表示 “借出”,搭配lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人),短暂性动词。
例:She lent her bike to me.(她把自行车借给了我。)
keep:表示 “保留、借用(一段时间)”,延续性动词,可与表示时间段的状语连用。
例:You can keep the book for a week.(这本书你可以借一周。)
5.look/see/watch
look:侧重 “看的动作”,不及物动词,搭配look at...(看……)。
例:Look at the blackboard, please.(请看黑板。)
see:侧重 “看的结果”,意为 “看见”,及物动词;还可表示 “理解、拜访”。
例:I saw him in the park yesterday.(我昨天在公园看见他了。)
watch:侧重 “专注地看、观看”,如看电视、比赛等,及物动词。
例:We watch TV every evening.(我们每天晚上看电视。)
6.【表格解析(易混动词对比)】
动词组
核心词义差异
常见搭配
典型例句
易混点提示
take/bring
take(带走);bring(带来)
take...to;bring...to
Take the umbrella with you. / Bring me a cup of tea.
方向相反:take 表离开,bring 表到来
say/speak
say(说内容);speak(说动作 / 语言)
say sth.;speak + 语言
He said “Hello”. / She speaks Chinese.
say 接内容,speak 接语言
rise/raise
rise(上升,不及物);raise(举起,及物)
无宾语;raise + 宾语
The river rises. / Raise your hand.
rise 无被动,raise 需接宾语
borrow/lend
borrow(借入);lend(借出)
borrow from;lend to
I borrowed a book from him. / He lent a book to me.
方向相反:borrow 入,lend 出
look/see
look(看动作);see(看结果)
look at;see + 宾语
Look at the picture. / I see a bird.
look 表动作,see 表结果
【即时训练】
1.Could you please ______ this letter to the post office?
A. take B. bring C. carry D. fetch
【答案】A
【解析】句意:你能把这封信带到邮局吗?“邮局” 是远离说话人的地方,表 “带走” 用take,故选 A。bring表 “带来”,carry表 “搬运”,fetch表 “去取并带回”,均不符合语境。
2.My brother can ______ three languages, and he often ______ with foreigners.
A. say;talks B. speak;talks C. tell;speaks D. talk;says
【答案】B
【解析】“说语言” 用speak;“与某人交谈” 用talk with,故选 B。say接内容,tell表 “告诉”,均不符合搭配。
3.The price of vegetables ______ a lot because of the bad weather.
A. rose B. raised C. rises D. raises
【答案】A
【解析】句意:由于恶劣天气,蔬菜价格涨了很多。“价格上涨” 用不及物动词rise,且动作已发生,用过去式rose,故选 A。raise为及物动词,需接宾语,不符合。
4.—How long can I ______ this dictionary?
—For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return
【答案】C
【解析】句意:— 这本字典我可以借多久?— 两周。表示 “借用一段时间” 用延续性动词keep,故选 C。borrow和lend是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用;return表 “归还”,不符合语境。
5.Please ______ at the map carefully, and you will ______ the way to the museum.
A. look;see B. see;look C. watch;see D. look;watch
【答案】A
【解析】“看地图” 强调动作,用look at;“看见路” 强调结果,用see,故选 A。watch表 “专注观看”,不符合语境。
6.My mother often ______ me to study hard, and she ______ that knowledge is power.
A. speaks;says B. tells;says C. talks;speaks D. tells;speaks
【答案】B
【解析】“告诉某人做某事” 用tell sb. to do;“说内容” 用say,故选 B。speak接语言,talk表 “交谈”,均不符合搭配。
7.The students ______ their hands when they have questions in class.
A. rise B. raise C. put D. take
【答案】B
【解析】“举手” 用及物动词raise,表 “举起”,故选 B。rise为不及物动词,不能接宾语;put需与up搭配,take不符合语境。
8.Could you ______ me your pen? I forgot to bring mine, and I need to ______ some notes.
A. borrow;take B. lend;take C. lend;make D. borrow;make
【答案】C
【解析】“把笔借给我” 用lend;“做笔记” 用make notes,故选 C。borrow表 “借入”,take notes搭配错误,均排除。
【知识点清单二】易混名词辨析
【要点精讲】
名词辨析需关注可数性(可数 / 不可数)、搭配习惯(与动词 / 介词的固定搭配)及语义侧重。以下为高频易混名词组解析。
1.job/work
job:可数名词,表 “具体的工作或职业”,搭配如find a job(找工作)、a part-time job(兼职工作)。
例:He has a good job in a bank.(他在银行有份好工作。)
work:不可数名词,表 “抽象的工作内容或劳动”,搭配如do work(做工作)、hard work(努力工作);也可作动词,表 “工作”。
例:I have a lot of work to do.(我有很多工作要做。)
2.problem/question
problem:指 “需要解决的难题、问题”,多与solve(解决)搭配,侧重实际困难。
例:We need to solve the environmental problem.(我们需要解决环境问题。)
question:指 “需要回答的疑问”,多与ask(问)、answer(回答)搭配,侧重口头或书面的提问。
例:The teacher asked me a difficult question.(老师问了我一个难题。)
3.trip/journey/travel
trip:可数名词,表 “短途旅行”(尤指休闲或公务),侧重 “往返行程”,搭配go on a trip。
例:We had a trip to the countryside last weekend.(上周末我们去乡下旅行了。)
journey:可数名词,表 “长途旅行”(尤指陆路),侧重 “路程本身”,搭配have a long journey。
例:They went on a long journey across the desert.(他们进行了一次穿越沙漠的长途旅行。)
travel:不可数名词,表 “旅行(总称)” 或 “游历”,侧重抽象概念;也可作动词。
例:Travel broadens the mind.(旅行开阔眼界。)
4.noise/sound/voice
noise:可数或不可数名词,表 “噪音、杂音”,侧重不悦耳的声音。
例:The traffic makes a lot of noise.(交通产生很多噪音。)
sound:不可数名词,表 “一切声音(泛指)”;可数时表 “一段声音”。
例:We heard a strange sound in the night.(夜里我们听到一个奇怪的声音。)
voice:可数名词,表 “人的嗓音或说话声”。
例:She has a beautiful voice.(她有一副好嗓子。)
6.time
作不可数名词时,表 “时间”,搭配have time(有时间)、save time(节省时间)。
例:Time is money.(时间就是金钱。)
作可数名词时,表 “次数、倍数”,搭配three times(三次 / 三倍)。
例:I have been to Beijing twice.(我去过北京两次。)
7.people/person
people:表 “人” 时为集体名词,单数形式表复数意义(不加s);表 “民族” 时为可数名词,复数加s。
例:There are many people in the park.(公园里有很多人。)
◦person:可数名词,表 “单个的人”,复数为persons(正式用语)或people。
例:He is a kind person.(他是个善良的人。)
8.【表格解析(易混名词对比)】
名词组
可数性
语义侧重
常见搭配
典型例句
job/work
job(可数);work(不可数)
job(具体职业);work(抽象工作内容)
find a job;do work
He got a new job. / I have much work to do.
problem/question
均可数
problem(需解决的难题);question(需回答的疑问)
solve a problem;answer a question
We solved the problem. / She asked a question.
trip/journey
均可数
trip(短途旅行);journey(长途旅行)
go on a trip;a long journey
We took a trip. / They made a long journey.
noise/voice
noise(可 / 不可数);voice(可数)
noise(噪音);voice(人的嗓音)
make noise;a beautiful voice
The noise is too loud. / She has a sweet voice.
【即时训练】
1.My father has a good ______ in a factory, and he always finishes his ______ on time.
A. work;job B. job;works C. job;work D. work;works
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我爸爸在工厂有份好工作,他总是按时完成工作。第一空表 “具体职业”,用可数名词job;第二空表 “工作内容”,用不可数名词work,故选 C。
2.—Can you answer this ______ for me?
—Sorry, it’s too difficult. Maybe we need to ask the teacher to solve the ______.
A. question;problem B. problem;question C. question;question D. problem;problem
【答案】A
【解析】“需要回答的疑问” 用question;“需要解决的难题” 用problem,故选 A。
3.We will go on a ______ to the seaside this weekend, but my uncle will make a long ______ to Europe next month.
A. journey;trip B. trip;journey C. travel;trip D. journey;travel
【答案】B
【解析】“短途旅行” 用trip;“长途旅行” 用journey,故选 B。travel为不可数名词,表 “旅行总称”,不与a连用。
4.Don’t make so much ______ in the library. Everyone is reading quietly.
A. sound B. voice C. noise D. singing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:不要在图书馆制造这么多噪音,大家都在安静看书。“不悦耳的噪音” 用noise,故选 C。sound泛指一切声音,voice指人的嗓音,均不符合语境。
5.How many ______ are there in the meeting room? About twenty ______.
A. people;persons B. persons;peoples C. people;people D. person;people
【答案】A
【解析】“人” 的复数:people表复数意义;person的复数为persons(正式用语),故选 A。peoples表 “民族”,不符合语境。
6.My brother spent a lot of ______ learning English, and he has been to England three ______.
A. time;time B. times;time C. time;times D. times;times
【答案】C
【解析】第一空表 “时间”,不可数名词time;第二空表 “次数”,可数名词times,故选 C。
7.It’s not easy to find a good ______ in the city, so you should work hard at your ______.
A. work;job B. job;work C. job;job D. work;work
【答案】B
【解析】第一空表 “具体工作”,用job;第二空表 “工作内容”,用work,故选 B。
8.The little girl has a beautiful ______, and she likes to sing. Her songs make no ______ but pleasure.
A. voice;noise B. sound;voice C. noise;sound D. voice;sound
【答案】A
【解析】“人的嗓音” 用voice;“噪音” 用noise,句意:小女孩嗓音优美,她的歌声带来快乐而非噪音,故选 A。sound泛指声音,不符合语境。
【知识点清单三】易混形容词辨析
【要点精讲】
形容词的辨析需关注词义程度(如big/large)、搭配习惯(如good修饰名词,well作副词)及语境适用(如ill/sick)。以下为高频易混形容词组解析:
1.good/well
good:形容词,修饰名词,表 “好的、优良的”,搭配如a good student(好学生)、good news(好消息)。
例:She is a good singer.(她是个好歌手。)
well:作形容词时仅表 “健康的”;作副词时表 “好地”,修饰动词。
例:He is well after the illness.(他病后康复了。)/ She sings well.(她唱得好。)
2.big/large/great
big:侧重 “体积、规模大”,口语化,可修饰具体事物(如a big house)或抽象概念(如a big mistake)。
例:There is a big tree in front of the house.(房子前有棵大树。)
large:侧重 “面积、数量大”,书面化,多修饰具体事物(如a large city),不修饰人。
例:China is a large country.(中国是个大国。)
great:侧重 “程度深、重要”,表 “伟大的、极好的”,修饰抽象事物(如a great man、great success)。
例:Einstein was a great scientist.(爱因斯坦是位伟大的科学家。)
3.little/small
little:表 “数量少”(修饰不可数名词)或 “年龄小”,含感情色彩(如可爱、小巧)。
例:There is little water in the bottle.(瓶子里没多少水了。)/ She is a little girl.(她是个小女孩。)
small:表 “尺寸、规模小”,仅指客观大小,无感情色彩,修饰可数名词。
例:This is a small box.(这是个小盒子。)
4.ill/sick
ill:表 “生病的”,仅作表语,不作定语;还可表 “坏的”(如ill news)。
例:He is ill in bed.(他生病卧床了。)
sick:表 “生病的”,可作表语或定语;还可表 “恶心的”(如feel sick)。
例:She looks after her sick mother.(她照顾生病的妈妈。)/ I feel sick.(我觉得恶心。)
5.many/much/a lot of
many:修饰可数名词复数,表 “许多”,用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
例:Many students like English.(很多学生喜欢英语。)
much:修饰不可数名词,表 “许多”,多用于否定句和疑问句;肯定句中常用a lot of。
例:There isn’t much milk in the fridge.(冰箱里没多少牛奶了。)
a lot of:既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词,多用于肯定句。
例:She has a lot of friends.(她有很多朋友。)/ We need a lot of water.(我们需要很多水。)
6.【表格解析(易混形容词对比)】
形容词组
词义侧重
搭配习惯
典型例句
易混点提示
good/well
good(好的,修饰名词);well(健康的,作表语;好地,作副词)
good + 名词;well(表语 / 修饰动词)
a good book;He is well. / He swims well.
well 作形容词仅表 “健康”
big/large
big(体积大,口语);large(面积 / 数量大,书面)
均修饰名词
a big dog;a large room
修饰人用 big(如 a big boy),不用 large
little/small
little(数量少 / 年龄小,含感情);small(尺寸小,客观)
little + 不可数名词 / 表年龄;small + 可数名词
little money;a small bag
little 表 “小” 时多修饰人,small 修饰物
ill/sick
均表 “生病的”,ill 仅作表语,sick 可作定语 / 表语
ill(表语);sick(定语 / 表语)
He is ill.;a sick child / She is sick.
ill 不能作定语修饰名词
【即时训练】
1.My grandmother is 80 years old, but she is still ______. She can dance ______.
A. good;well B. well;good C. well;well D. good;good
【答案】C
【解析】第一空表 “健康的”,用well作表语;第二空修饰动词dance,用副词well,故选 C。good是形容词,不能修饰动词或表 “健康”。
2.Shanghai is a ______ city with a ______ population, and it has a ______ history.
A. big;large;great B. large;big;great C. great;large;big D. big;great;large
【答案】A
【解析】“城市规模大” 用big;“人口多” 用large;“历史悠久 / 伟大” 用great,故选 A。
3.There is ______ milk in the glass, but there are ______ small stones in the yard.
A. little;many B. small;many C. little;much D. small;much
【答案】A
【解析】“牛奶少”(不可数名词)用little;“小石头多”(可数名词复数)用many,故选 A。small表 “小的”,不表数量;much修饰不可数名词,均不符合。
4.The ______ boy is ______ in bed. His mother is looking after him.
A. little;ill B. small;ill C. little;sick D. small;sick
【答案】C
【解析】“小男孩” 含可爱意味,用little;“生病卧床” 作表语,ill和sick均可,但前半句已有little修饰,后半句用sick避免重复,故选 C。small表客观大小,无感情色彩,不符合。
5.—Do you have ______ friends in your new school?
—Yes, but I don’t have ______ time to play with them.
A. many;many B. much;much C. many;much D. much;many
【答案】C
【解析】“朋友” 是可数名词复数,用many;“时间” 是不可数名词,用much,故选 C。
6.This is a ______ mistake. You should be careful next time.
A. big B. large C. great D. small
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这是个大错误,下次你要小心。“抽象的大错误” 用big,故选 A。large表 “面积 / 数量大”,great表 “伟大的”,small表 “小的”,均不符合。
7.—How is your grandfather?
—He is ______. He can even do ______ farm work.
A. good;many B. well;much C. well;many D. good;much
【答案】B
【解析】“身体健康” 用well作表语;“农活” 是不可数名词,用much修饰,故选 B。good不表 “健康”,many修饰可数名词,均不符合。
8.There are ______ apples in the basket, and we also need ______ water.
A. a lot of;a lot of B. many;many C. much;much D. a lot of;many
【答案】A
【解析】“苹果”(可数)和 “水”(不可数)均可被a lot of修饰,故选 A。many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,均不能同时修饰两者。
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