Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands . be supposed to的用法（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版九年级全一册

Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands . 核心语法精练（be supposed to的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 be supposed to do 意为 “应该/应当做某事”, 相当于should do sth，表示根据规定或传统习惯人们不得不做或期待发生的事。be supposed to中的to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，be动词有人称和时态的变化。 1、当主语是人时 be supposed to的主语是人时，意为“应该……”，用来表示劝告、建议、责任等。 We are supposed to share some housework with our parents when we have free time. 我们应在空闲时间帮父母分担些家务活。 2、当主语是事或物时 be supposed to的主语是事或物时，意为“本该，本应”，用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生。 The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to put it off. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把它推迟了。 3、否定式 be not supposed to，一般疑问句把be提至主语前。 In China, you are not supposed to start eating first if there are old people at the table. 在中国，如果餐桌上有老人，你就不应该先开始吃东西。 4、was / were supposed to was / were supposed to本应该。常用来把本应该发生的事与实际发生的事进行对照。 5.、拓展延伸 (1) be supposed to have done表示“本应该做某事（实际上没做）”，相当于should have done。 He was supposed to have arrived an hour ago.他本应在一小时前到达。 (2) be supposed to还可表示“被认为……；被相信……”。 The dolphins are supposed to be very clever.海豚被认为非常聪明。 be expected to do sth. 主观性更强; 被期许(预期)会做某事, 被要求做某事，希望做某事, 表示可能性。 e.g. 希望她能在晚餐前到达。 She was expected to arrive before dinner. 【拓展】 1、 expect to do sth 期望干某事 2、expect sb to do sth 期望某人干某事 It’s+adj.+to do sth. It is + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 It be + adj. +to do sth. It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth. It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth. 一、单项选择 1．—In China, what should you do when you meet? —We ________ shake hands or say hello. A．are said to B．are supposed to C．are reported to D．are made to 2．To keep safe, everyone is supposed ________ a seat belt in the car. A．wear B．to wear C．wearing D．wore 3．It’s important ________ animals. A．save B．saves C．to save D．saving 4．It’s really kind ________ the students ________ a charity sale for the homeless cats. A．for; to organize B．for; organizing C．of; to organize D．of; organizing 5．—I think it is important ________ us ________ healthy eating habits. —You are right. A．for; to have B．of; to have C．for; have D．of; have 6．—A new shopping mall ________ to open to the public in Nanchang next year. —Sounds great! It will be more convenient for local people to buy something they want. A．is expected B．was expected C．expects D．expected 7．Students are expected ________ Yunnan’s old history and special culture. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 8．Parents often expect their children ________ all the things they couldn’t do in the past. A．to do B．do C．did D．doing 9．—It has been raining for almost three days. I really want to go outdoors. —The weather ________ to be good tomorrow. A．expects B．is expected C．is expecting D．will be expected 10．Every May we expect ________ many Jacarandas (蓝花楹) in Kunming. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoying D．enjoys 二、句型转换 1．You are supposed to arrive there on time.（改为同义句） You there on time. 2．You are supposed to greet others. （改为同义句） You greet others. 3．You’re supposed to shake hands in China. (改为否定句) You to shake hands in China. 4．They expected me to speak at the meeting. （改为被动句） I to speak at the meeting. 5．I suppose that you can help me.（改为否定句） I that you help me. 三、完成句子 1．这是我应该做的。 This is what I’m . 2．下课后，学生应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉。 After class, students to the chalk the blackboard. 3．我们应该听父母和老师的话。(suppose) We our parents and our teachers. 4．她希望成为一名作家，然而，她的父亲期望她成为一名音乐家。(expect) She hopes to become a writer, however, her father a musician. 5．对于我们来说，学习中国历史和传承中华文化是很有必要的。 It’s us Chinese history and keep Chinese culture alive. 一、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China. After greetings, the 1 should be passed immediately to the host. Remember that usually Chinese people will not open the gift in front of the person who gives 2 . To show the respect, it may be 3 to explain what the gift is. Bringing some health tonics (营养品) to the elders in the family is a good idea. You can also 4 some small gifts for the spouse (配偶) or kids of the host. The host usually makes full 5 by carefully tidying up the house and cooking a lot of delicious dishes. 6 the meal is well prepared, the host may say to the guest politely, “My preparation is not enough. Please excuse me 7 my poor treat.” As a guest, you should make the host believe that there is plenty to eat by 8 the food. While eating, the elders will use chopsticks to pick up food for guests as a 9 and ask them to eat more. As a guest, you should accept their goodwill readily. But nowadays, the younger people do the 10 way less. After dinner, tea and fruit are usually 11 . When the guests are to leave, the host may still politely ask them to 12 . They don’t have to take it 13 and they can try to find a good time to leave. This doesn’t mean that leaving early is always a good 14 as the host may feel that the guests are not satisfied with the treat. The right time to leave 15 the situation. 1．A．photo B．greeting C．gift D．prize 2．A．it B．them C．that D．one 3．A．necessary B．careful C．comfortable D．wise 4．A．see B．bring C．accept D．order 5．A．plans B．decisions C．preparations D．chances 6．A．Unless B．Although C．Because D．Since 7．A．of B．about C．for D．from 8．A．dropping B．accepting C．cooking D．praising 9．A．hobby B．friendship C．custom D．connection 10．A．traditional B．international C．professional D．natural 11．A．served B．bought C．placed D．made 12．A．sit B．help C．relax D．stay 13．A．completely B．seriously C．probably D．widely 14．A．subject B．education C．idea D．introduction 15．A．works out B．sticks to C．depends on D．feels like 二、任务型阅读 阅读下面材料，根据材料内容完成后面表格，每空填一个单词。 It is impossible to name all Chinese customs in a single article. Even so, in this passage we bring you several Chinese customs and traditions that you should know. Here we go! Chinese usually do not show their feelings openly, also avoiding any unnecessary body touch. The Chinese see badly that people kiss each other on the face, even if they are women. In fact, shaking hands was also not so acceptable in the past. For them it is enough to make a small nod when greeting. As the country gradually (逐渐地) lets Western traditions in, people are used to shaking hands to greet. Many food manners must be followed strictly at meals. Some details should be paid much attention to by both guests and hosts. In China, the older guests are always seated first, and then others can take their seats. Food manners are also very important. You should never serve yourself a drink. It should be served by someone else. Chopsticks should never be placed upwards in food. And to eat, never put your mouth away from your own bowl. The Chinese have the habit and skill of being able to sleep anywhere at any time. It doesn’t matter if it’s on the break from work, in the middle of the street or waiting in a supermarket. This Chinese custom has nothing to do with laziness, quite the opposite. In China, sleeping for a short time in public places is considered a symbol of effort. For example, thousands and millions of netizens (网民) will give a photo of a sleeping doctor in the corner of the operating room a “like” to show their respect to the doctor. So, this person has been putting a lot of effort into his work and it is right that he should sleep as he likes. Many of you have already known it’s polite not to open gifts in public. But that’s not the only important thing to know when receiving gifts in China. For example, the Chinese will always refuse your gift up to three times to show they are well educated. But in the end, they’re willing to accept it. And remember not to receive the gift with only one hand. Chinese Customs and Traditions Not showing their feelings openly There’s no 16 to have body touch while greeting. ◆People dislike kissing on each other’s faces. ◆Shaking hands is gradually 17 because of the influence of Western traditions. 18 food manners strictly It makes sure guests and hosts feel comfortable at table. ◆Older guests get seated first. ◆Don’t serve yourself a drink. It should be served by someone else 19 . ◆Don’t place chopsticks upwards. ◆Keep your mouth 20 to your own bowl. Sleeping carelessly It has something to do with effort. ◆It’s not 21 to see Chinese sleeping in some public places, like offices, streets, supermarkets and so on. ◆A photo of a sleeping doctor in the corner of the operating room 22 quickly and wildly online. The sleeping doctor is considered to have the right because he is too tired at work. Receiving gifts 23 It is important to know how to receive gifts. ◆Don’t open gifts in public. ◆Refuse three times 24 accepting gifts. ◆Use 25 hands to receive gifts. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 It is useful to know more about table manners, especially when one might travel to foreign countries. In India, you 26 (expect) to wash your hands before and after a meal. And remember to eat with the right hand. You can’t waste food. You should finish everything on the plate. The time you leave the table depends on 27 all the guests complete their meals or not. In Japan, before eating, 28 (polite) wait for your host’s invitation three times. The 29 (young) guest at the table pours drinks for the eldest one first, and then for 30 rest of the diners. You can’t pass food from one pair of chopsticks 31 another. When women use chopsticks to bring food to 32 (they) mouths, they need to put the hands under the food, 33 men needn’t do so. While eating hot noodles, it is acceptable 34 (make) an eating noise as the Japanese think this noise makes the food more delicious. In Pakistan, people start the meal when the eldest member of the family has taken a seat at the table. One should always keep quiet so that no one else can hear. Always break the bread into 35 (piece), and you can only use your right hand. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands . 核心语法精练（be supposed to的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、句型转换 5 三、完成句子 6 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 一、完形填空 7 二、任务型阅读 10 三、短文填空 12 be supposed to do 意为 “应该/应当做某事”, 相当于should do sth，表示根据规定或传统习惯人们不得不做或期待发生的事。be supposed to中的to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，be动词有人称和时态的变化。 1、当主语是人时 be supposed to的主语是人时，意为“应该……”，用来表示劝告、建议、责任等。 We are supposed to share some housework with our parents when we have free time. 我们应在空闲时间帮父母分担些家务活。 2、当主语是事或物时 be supposed to的主语是事或物时，意为“本该，本应”，用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生。 The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to put it off. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把它推迟了。 3、否定式 be not supposed to，一般疑问句把be提至主语前。 In China, you are not supposed to start eating first if there are old people at the table. 在中国，如果餐桌上有老人，你就不应该先开始吃东西。 4、was / were supposed to was / were supposed to本应该。常用来把本应该发生的事与实际发生的事进行对照。 5.、拓展延伸 (1) be supposed to have done表示“本应该做某事（实际上没做）”，相当于should have done。 He was supposed to have arrived an hour ago.他本应在一小时前到达。 (2) be supposed to还可表示“被认为……；被相信……”。 The dolphins are supposed to be very clever.海豚被认为非常聪明。 be expected to do sth. 主观性更强; 被期许(预期)会做某事, 被要求做某事，希望做某事, 表示可能性。 e.g. 希望她能在晚餐前到达。 She was expected to arrive before dinner. 【拓展】 1、 expect to do sth 期望干某事 2、expect sb to do sth 期望某人干某事 It’s+adj.+to do sth. It is + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 It be + adj. +to do sth. It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth. It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth. 一、单项选择 1．—In China, what should you do when you meet? —We ________ shake hands or say hello. A．are said to B．are supposed to C．are reported to D．are made to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在中国，见面时应该怎么做？——我们应该握手或打招呼。 考查动词短语。be said to据说；be supposed to应该；be reported to据报道；be made to被迫做。根据“We ... shake hands or say hello.”可知，我们应该握手或打招呼。故选B。 2．To keep safe, everyone is supposed ________ a seat belt in the car. A．wear B．to wear C．wearing D．wore 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了安全起见，每个人在车里都应该系上安全带。 考查动词不定式。根据“everyone is supposed”可知，be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 3．It’s important ________ animals. A．save B．saves C．to save D．saving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：拯救动物是很重要的。 考查非谓语动词。save拯救，动词原形；saves拯救，动词第三人称单数形式；to save拯救，动词不定式；saving拯救，动名词或现在分词。“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……”，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以此处用“to save”。故选C。 4．It’s really kind ________ the students ________ a charity sale for the homeless cats. A．for; to organize B．for; organizing C．of; to organize D．of; organizing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生们为无家可归的猫组织了一次义卖，他们真是太好了。 考查it固定句型。该句考查固定句型“It is+形容词+of/for+sb+to do sth”的用法，本句中的形容词“kind”修饰人的品质，第一空填of；第二空填不定式作真正的主语。故选C。 5．—I think it is important ________ us ________ healthy eating habits. —You are right. A．for; to have B．of; to have C．for; have D．of; have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我认为拥有健康的饮食习惯对我们很重要。——你说得对。 考查it的固定句型。it是形式主语，用不定式作真正主语，故第二空是to have。若形容词是描述人的特征，则用介词of；若形容词描述事情的性质，则用for。important“重要的”是描述“拥有健康的饮食习惯”这件事情，用第一空用for。故选A。 6．—A new shopping mall ________ to open to the public in Nanchang next year. —Sounds great! It will be more convenient for local people to buy something they want. A．is expected B．was expected C．expects D．expected 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——南昌一座新购物中心预计明年向公众开放。——听起来很棒！这将让当地居民购物更加方便。 考查动词时态和语态。主语“a new shopping mall”与动词“expect”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，即be done；句中的时间状语为next year“明年”，表示将来，但此处不直接使用将来时，而是通过“be expected to”结构表达“预计会”，隐含将来的预期，因此使用一般现在时即可，be动词用is。故选A。 7．Students are expected ________ Yunnan’s old history and special culture. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们被期盼学习云南的古老历史和特殊文化。 考查非谓语动词。learn动词原形；to learn动词不定式；learning现在分词；learned过去式，be expected to do sth“被期盼做某事”，是固定用法。故选B。 8．Parents often expect their children ________ all the things they couldn’t do in the past. A．to do B．do C．did D．doing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：父母经常希望他们的孩子做过去做不到的事情。 考查不定式。expect sb to do sth“期望某人做某事”，固定搭配。故选A。 9．—It has been raining for almost three days. I really want to go outdoors. —The weather ________ to be good tomorrow. A．expects B．is expected C．is expecting D．will be expected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——雨已经下了将近三天了。我真的很想去户外。——预计明天天气会很好。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语是“the weather”且天气预报通常是“被预测”或“被期待”的，根据“The weather ... to be good tomorrow.”可知期待的动作发生在说话时，时态用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，动词用过去分词。故选B。 10．Every May we expect ________ many Jacarandas (蓝花楹) in Kunming. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoying D．enjoys 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年五月，我们都期望在昆明欣赏到许多蓝花楹。 考查非谓语动词。enjoy动词原形；to enjoy动词不定式；enjoying动词-ing形式；enjoys动词第三人称单数形式。expect to do sth“期望做某事”，是固定用法。故选B。 二、句型转换 1．You are supposed to arrive there on time.（改为同义句） You there on time. 【答案】 should arrive 【详解】句意：你应该按时到那里。“应该做某事”的表达方式有两种：be supposed to do sth.或者should do sth.，二者可以互换。故填should；arrive。 2．You are supposed to greet others. （改为同义句） You greet others. 【答案】 are expected to 【详解】句意：你应该问候别人。根据要求和空格可知，应该使用“are supposed to”的同义短语；“are supposed to do sth.”和“are expected to do sth.”为同义短语，都表示“应该做某事”。故填：are expected to。 3．You’re supposed to shake hands in China. (改为否定句) You to shake hands in China. 【答案】 aren’t supposed 【详解】句意：在中国你应该握手。句中有be动词，变否定句时在be动词后加not，are not=aren’t，其他不变。故填aren’t；supposed。 4．They expected me to speak at the meeting. （改为被动句） I to speak at the meeting. 【答案】 was expected 【详解】句意：他们希望我在会上发言。根据情境可知，应该使用一般过去时的被动语态；根据主语为“I”可知，应该使用“was+过去分词”；动词“expect”的过去分词为“expected”。故填was；expected。 5．I suppose that you can help me.（改为否定句） I that you help me. 【答案】 don’t suppose can 【详解】句意：我想你能帮助我。此句是宾语从句，当宾语从句的主句主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think/suppose/believe时，需要否定前移，也就是在主句上否定。主语是I，需要使用助动词don’t，后加动词原形suppose；第三空填can。故填don’t；suppose；can。 三、完成句子 1．这是我应该做的。 This is what I’m . 【答案】 supposed to do 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“应该做”；be supposed to do“应该做”，固定词组。故填supposed；to；do。 2．下课后，学生应该把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉。 After class, students to the chalk the blackboard. 【答案】 are expected clean off 【详解】be expected to do sth“应该做某事”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are；clean...off“擦拭干净”，固定短语。故填are；expected；clean；off。 3．我们应该听父母和老师的话。(suppose) We our parents and our teachers. 【答案】are supposed to listen to 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，此处缺少的应该是“应该听”的英语表达，句子应用一般现在时，be supposed to“应该做某事”，主语we为复数，be动词应用are；listen to sb“听某人的话”为固定搭配。故填are supposed to listen to。 4．她希望成为一名作家，然而，她的父亲期望她成为一名音乐家。(expect) She hopes to become a writer, however, her father a musician. 【答案】expects her to be/expects her to become 【详解】根据中文提示可知，该空应填“期望她成为”，再运用括号内已给单词的句型expect sb to do sth“期望某人去做某事”，该空填expect her to be/become；再根据“hopes”可知，时态为一般现在时，所以主语“her father”三单形式后面的动词要使用expects。故填expects her to be/expects her to become。 5．对于我们来说，学习中国历史和传承中华文化是很有必要的。 It’s us Chinese history and keep Chinese culture alive. 【答案】 necessary for to learn 【详解】It’s necessary for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是有必要的”；learn“学习”。故填necessary；for；to；learn。 一、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China. After greetings, the 1 should be passed immediately to the host. Remember that usually Chinese people will not open the gift in front of the person who gives 2 . To show the respect, it may be 3 to explain what the gift is. Bringing some health tonics (营养品) to the elders in the family is a good idea. You can also 4 some small gifts for the spouse (配偶) or kids of the host. The host usually makes full 5 by carefully tidying up the house and cooking a lot of delicious dishes. 6 the meal is well prepared, the host may say to the guest politely, “My preparation is not enough. Please excuse me 7 my poor treat.” As a guest, you should make the host believe that there is plenty to eat by 8 the food. While eating, the elders will use chopsticks to pick up food for guests as a 9 and ask them to eat more. As a guest, you should accept their goodwill readily. But nowadays, the younger people do the 10 way less. After dinner, tea and fruit are usually 11 . When the guests are to leave, the host may still politely ask them to 12 . They don’t have to take it 13 and they can try to find a good time to leave. This doesn’t mean that leaving early is always a good 14 as the host may feel that the guests are not satisfied with the treat. The right time to leave 15 the situation. 1．A．photo B．greeting C．gift D．prize 2．A．it B．them C．that D．one 3．A．necessary B．careful C．comfortable D．wise 4．A．see B．bring C．accept D．order 5．A．plans B．decisions C．preparations D．chances 6．A．Unless B．Although C．Because D．Since 7．A．of B．about C．for D．from 8．A．dropping B．accepting C．cooking D．praising 9．A．hobby B．friendship C．custom D．connection 10．A．traditional B．international C．professional D．natural 11．A．served B．bought C．placed D．made 12．A．sit B．help C．relax D．stay 13．A．completely B．seriously C．probably D．widely 14．A．subject B．education C．idea D．introduction 15．A．works out B．sticks to C．depends on D．feels like 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了在中国，当我们被邀请去做客时，我们应该带的礼物及做客时要注意的一些行为等。 1．句意：问候过后，应立即将礼物传递给主人。 photo照片；greeting问候；gift礼物；prize奖品。根据“Remember that usually Chinese people will not open the gift”可知，此处指递出礼物。故选C。 2．句意：记住，通常中国人不会当着送礼物的人的面打开礼物。 it它；them它们；that那个；one一个。根据“Remember that usually Chinese people will not open the gift in front of the person who gives”可知，此处指代前面的单数名词gift。故选A。 3．句意：为了表示尊重，可能有必要解释礼物是什么。 necessary必要的；careful仔细的；comfortable舒服的；wise明智的。根据“To show the respect”可知，有必要解释礼物是什么，以显示尊重。故选A。 4．句意：你也可以带一些小礼物给主人的配偶或孩子。 see看见；bring带来；accept接受；order命令。根据“some small gifts for the spouse or kids of the host.”可知，去别人家里做客可以给主人家里其他人也带点礼物。故选B。 5．句意：主人通常会精心收拾房间，做很多美味的菜肴，做好充分的准备。 plans计划；decisions决定；preparations准备；chances机会。根据“My preparation is not enough.”可知，此处指做足准备。故选C。 6．句意：虽然饭菜准备得很好，但主人可能会礼貌地对客人说：“我准备得还不够。请原谅我招待不周。” Unless除非，引导条件状语从句；Although虽然，引导让步状语从句；Because因为，引导原因状语从句；Since自从，引导时间状语从句。根据“the meal is well prepared”和“the host may say to the guest politely, ‘My preparation is not enough.’”可知，前后构成让步关系，虽然准备完美，但主人还是很谦虚地让客人多担待，此句为让步状语从句。故选B。 7．句意：虽然饭菜准备得很好，但主人可能会礼貌地对客人说：“我准备得还不够。请原谅我招待不周。” of……的；about关于；for为了……；from来自……。excuse sb. for sth.“原谅某人某事”。故选C。 8．句意：作为客人，你应该赞美食物，让主人相信有很多东西可以吃。 dropping掉落；accepting接受；cooking烹饪；praising表扬。根据“you should make the host believe that there is plenty to eat”可知，去别人家里做客，要表扬主人做的食物。故选D。 9．句意：吃饭时，长辈会用筷子夹起食物给客人吃，这是一种习俗，并要求客人多吃。 hobby爱好；friendship友谊；custom习俗；connection连接。根据“As a guest, you should accept their goodwill readily.”和“But nowadays”可知，此处老人给夹菜是习俗。故选C。 10．句意：但现在，年轻人很少用这种传统的方式了。 traditional传统的；international国际的；professional专业的；natural自然地。根据“But nowadays, the younger people do”和“less”可知，此句与前面形成转折，给客人夹菜这项传统年轻人很少做了。故选A。 11．句意：晚饭后，通常供应茶和水果。 served供应（食物）；bought买；placed放置；made制作。根据我们去别人家里做客的经验可知，主人在饭后会供应水果。故选A。 12．句意：当客人要离开时，主人可能仍然礼貌地请他们留下来。 sit坐下；help帮助；relax放松；stay留下。根据“and they can try to find a good time to leave.”可知，主人会客套一下，让客人留下多待会。故选D。 13．句意：他们不必把这当回事，他们可以试着找个合适的时间离开。 completely完全地；seriously认真地；probably可能地；widely广泛地。根据“they can try to find a good time to leave.”可知，客人有时不必把主人客套让其留下的话当真，可以走。故选B。 14．句意：这并不意味着提前离开总是一个好主意，因为主人可能会觉得客人对款待不满意。 subject学科；education教育；idea想法，主意；introduction介绍。根据“as the host may feel that the guests are not satisfied with the treat.”可知，提前离开会让主人认为不礼貌，因此提前离开的想法不好。故选C。 15．句意：什么时候离开要视情况而定。 works out解决；sticks to坚持；depends on取决于；feels like感觉像是。根据“The right time to leave”和“the situation”可知，究竟什么时候离开取决于自身当时的情况，不要太早离开，也不要太晚。故选C。 二、任务型阅读 阅读下面材料，根据材料内容完成后面表格，每空填一个单词。 It is impossible to name all Chinese customs in a single article. Even so, in this passage we bring you several Chinese customs and traditions that you should know. Here we go! Chinese usually do not show their feelings openly, also avoiding any unnecessary body touch. The Chinese see badly that people kiss each other on the face, even if they are women. In fact, shaking hands was also not so acceptable in the past. For them it is enough to make a small nod when greeting. As the country gradually (逐渐地) lets Western traditions in, people are used to shaking hands to greet. Many food manners must be followed strictly at meals. Some details should be paid much attention to by both guests and hosts. In China, the older guests are always seated first, and then others can take their seats. Food manners are also very important. You should never serve yourself a drink. It should be served by someone else. Chopsticks should never be placed upwards in food. And to eat, never put your mouth away from your own bowl. The Chinese have the habit and skill of being able to sleep anywhere at any time. It doesn’t matter if it’s on the break from work, in the middle of the street or waiting in a supermarket. This Chinese custom has nothing to do with laziness, quite the opposite. In China, sleeping for a short time in public places is considered a symbol of effort. For example, thousands and millions of netizens (网民) will give a photo of a sleeping doctor in the corner of the operating room a “like” to show their respect to the doctor. So, this person has been putting a lot of effort into his work and it is right that he should sleep as he likes. Many of you have already known it’s polite not to open gifts in public. But that’s not the only important thing to know when receiving gifts in China. For example, the Chinese will always refuse your gift up to three times to show they are well educated. But in the end, they’re willing to accept it. And remember not to receive the gift with only one hand. Chinese Customs and Traditions Not showing their feelings openly There’s no 16 to have body touch while greeting. ◆People dislike kissing on each other’s faces. ◆Shaking hands is gradually 17 because of the influence of Western traditions. 18 food manners strictly It makes sure guests and hosts feel comfortable at table. ◆Older guests get seated first. ◆Don’t serve yourself a drink. It should be served by someone else 19 . ◆Don’t place chopsticks upwards. ◆Keep your mouth 20 to your own bowl. Sleeping carelessly It has something to do with effort. ◆It’s not 21 to see Chinese sleeping in some public places, like offices, streets, supermarkets and so on. ◆A photo of a sleeping doctor in the corner of the operating room 22 quickly and wildly online. The sleeping doctor is considered to have the right because he is too tired at work. Receiving gifts 23 It is important to know how to receive gifts. ◆Don’t open gifts in public. ◆Refuse three times 24 accepting gifts. ◆Use 25 hands to receive gifts. 【答案】 16．need 17．accepted/acceptable 18．Following 19．instead 20．close 21．strange/surprising/uncommon/unusual 22．spreads 23．politely 24．before 25．both/two 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国的几种传统习俗和礼仪，包括情感表达、餐桌礼仪、公共场合小睡习惯以及收礼礼节。 16．根据“...also avoiding any unnecessary body touch.”可知，问候时的身体接触是不必要的，there is no need to do sth.“没必要做某事”。故填need。 17．根据“As the country gradually (逐渐地) lets Western traditions in, people are used to shaking hands to greet.”可知，随着国家逐渐接受西方传统，人们习惯握手打招呼，也就是握手逐渐被接受，accept“接受”，此处应用过去分词accepted，与“is”构成一般现在时的被动语态；或用形容词acceptable“可接受的”作表语。故填accepted/acceptable。 18．根据“Many food manners must be followed strictly at meals.”可知，此处强调严格“遵循”餐桌礼仪，结合表格左列短语可知，此处应用现在分词following“遵循”，且首字母需大写。故填Following。 19．根据“You should never serve yourself a drink. It should be served by someone else.”可知，你不应该给自己倒饮料，相反应该由他人代劳，副词instead“相反”符合文意。故填instead。 20．根据“And to eat, never put your mouth away from your own bowl.”可知，不要让嘴离碗太远，也就是嘴巴应靠近自己的碗，close to“离……近”。故填close。 21．根据“It doesn’t matter if it’s on the break from work, in the middle of the street or waiting in a supermarket.”可知，在什么场合或场地小憩都没关系，说明在公共场合睡觉并不奇怪/令人惊讶，或不是不同寻常的，形容词strange“奇怪的”/surprising“令人惊讶的”/uncommon/unusual“不寻常的”符合文意。故填strange/surprising/uncommon/unusual。 22．根据“thousands and millions of netizens (网民) will give a photo of a sleeping doctor in the corner of the operating room a ‘like’”可知，成千上万的网民给这张照片点赞，说明这张照片在网上传播得很快，动词spread“传播”符合文意；此处用一般现在时陈述事实，主语“A photo”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式spreads。故填spreads。 23．根据“Many of you have already known it’s polite not to open gifts in public.”可知，此处讲如何礼貌地收礼，应用副词politely“有礼貌地”修饰动词“receive”。故填politely。 24．根据“...the Chinese will always refuse your gift up to three times to show they are well educated. But in the end, they’re willing to accept it.”可知，收礼时先拒绝三次以上，最后再收下，也就是在收礼之前要拒绝三次，介词before“在……之前”符合文意。故填before。 25．根据“And remember not to receive the gift with only one hand.”可知，不要只用一只手接受礼物，就是要用两只手收礼，both“两者都”/two“二”符合文意，修饰名词“hands”。故填both/two。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 It is useful to know more about table manners, especially when one might travel to foreign countries. In India, you 26 (expect) to wash your hands before and after a meal. And remember to eat with the right hand. You can’t waste food. You should finish everything on the plate. The time you leave the table depends on 27 all the guests complete their meals or not. In Japan, before eating, 28 (polite) wait for your host’s invitation three times. The 29 (young) guest at the table pours drinks for the eldest one first, and then for 30 rest of the diners. You can’t pass food from one pair of chopsticks 31 another. When women use chopsticks to bring food to 32 (they) mouths, they need to put the hands under the food, 33 men needn’t do so. While eating hot noodles, it is acceptable 34 (make) an eating noise as the Japanese think this noise makes the food more delicious. In Pakistan, people start the meal when the eldest member of the family has taken a seat at the table. One should always keep quiet so that no one else can hear. Always break the bread into 35 (piece), and you can only use your right hand. 【答案】 26．are expected 27．whether 28．politely 29．youngest 30．the 31．to 32．their 33．but/while 34．to make 35．pieces 【导语】本文主要介绍不同国家的餐桌礼仪。 26．句意：在印度，你应该在饭前和饭后洗手。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语“you”与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，句子时态为一般现在时，应用are expected。故填are expected。 27．句意：你离开餐桌的时间取决于所有客人是否都吃完了饭。根据“The time you leave the table depends on…all the guests complete their meals or not.”的语境可知，此处指离开餐桌的时间取决于所有客人是否都吃完了饭，whether…or not“是否……”。故填whether。 28．句意：在日本，吃饭前要礼貌地等主人发出三次邀请。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词形式politely“有礼貌地”，作状语，修饰动词“wait”。故填politely。 29．句意：桌上最年轻的客人先给最年长的客人倒酒，然后再给其他食客倒酒。根据“The…guest at the table pours drinks for the eldest one first”的语境可知，此处含有最高级的含义，指桌上最年轻的客人先给最年长的客人倒酒，应填youngest。故填youngest。 30．句意：桌上最年轻的客人先给最年长的客人倒酒，然后再给其他食客倒酒。the rest of “其余”，是固定搭配。故填the。 31．句意：你不能把食物从一双筷子传到另一双筷子上。from…to…“从……到……”，是固定词组。故填to。 32．句意：当女人用筷子把食物送到嘴里时，她们需要把手放在食物下面，但/然而男人不需要这样做。根据空后的名词“mouths”并结合语境可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，对其进行修饰，their“他们的”符合。故填their。 33．句意：当女人用筷子把食物送到嘴里时，她们需要把手放在食物下面，但/然而男人不需要这样做。根据空前“When women use chopsticks to bring food to…mouths, they need to put the hands under the food”及空后的“men needn’t do so”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折或对比，but“但是”，while“然而”符合。故填but/while。 34．句意：在吃热面条的时候，发出吃东西的声音是可以接受的，因为日本人认为这种声音会让食物更美味。分析句子结构可知，此处为“it is+adj.+to do sth.”结构，意为“做某事是……的”。故填to make。 35．句意：总是把面包掰成小块，而且只能用右手。break…into pieces“把……掰成小块；把……摔成碎片”，是固定词组。故填pieces。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$