第03期小题狂练 专题04 阅读理解细节理解题(考情+技法+真题+模拟) -2026届新高三英语提分培优通关练

第03期 小题狂练 专题04 阅读理解细节理解题(考情+技法+真题+模拟) 原卷版 【高考考情】 1.(2025全国二卷第21题） 2.(2024新课标I卷第22题) 3.(2023全国甲卷第28题) 4.(2023 ·全国乙卷第23题) 5.(2020全国Ⅰ卷第21题) 6.(2023全国乙卷第28题) 7.(2023新课标I卷第22题) 8.(2020全国Ⅲ卷第34题) 【实用技法】 题型一　直接信息题 直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 “带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。 【真题调研1】（2025全国二卷第21题） English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. 21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A. In the Ludlow Castle. B. In the Foodie Center of England. C. In the Hereford Cathedral. D. In the Black and White House Museum. 【真题调研2】(2024新课标I卷第22题) HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM … GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. … 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 【真题调研3】 (2023全国甲卷第28题) I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). 28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 【真题调研4】 (2023 ·全国乙卷第23题) Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 【真题调研5】 (2020全国Ⅰ卷第21题) All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. 21. What would you do to get ticket information? A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink.com.au. C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule. 题型二　间接信息题 间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。 该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换。 【真题调研6】 (2023全国乙卷第28题) According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. 30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 【真题调研7】 (2023新课标I卷第22题) Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) … 22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 同义转换：final grade= Essays (60%)+ Group Assignments (30%)+ Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) 【真题调研8】 (2020全国Ⅲ卷第34题) Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.” 34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing. C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water. 【名校模拟1】（25-26高三上·湖南·开学考试） Family-Friendly Things to Do in Texas Search for shark bones in the Ladonia Fossil (化石) Park In the Ladonia Fossil Park, visitors will find a woolly mammoth (猛犸), shark bones, and ancient stones between 145 and 65 million years ago. After a heavy rain, visitors can go through the mud for newly-appearing fossils. Consider bringing a tool to help free anything from the mud. You can take anything you find with you as long as it doesn’t have scientific importance. Trace (追踪) the tracks of dinosaurs in the Paluxy riverbed In the Dinosaur Valley State Park, kids can see some of the best-protected dinosaur tracks. Because the tracks are located in the riverbed, water sometimes covers them. Entry to the park is free of charge, but be sure to check the park’s website before visiting to find which trails are open and if the tracks are visible. Go surfing in South Padre Island Along Texas’ Gulf Coast, get into the water with the family and have surfing lessons given by professional coaches and former Hawaiian lifeguards, who teach all year round at Isla Blanca Beach. Soft surfboards are also for rent for those with excellent surfing skills to paddle out on their own. Behold baby bats on their first flights at Bracken Cave Preserve Mexican free-tailed bats appear in mass every evening from May to September at Bracken Cave Preserve. Bookings must be made ahead of time to visit, and you should plan to spend three hours on-site during the guided tours while waiting for the bats. 1. What can visitors do in the Ladonia Fossil Park? A. Search for fossils after rain. B. Keep whatever they find. C. Learn more about shark teeth. D. Purchase tools to dig up mammoths. 2. What does South Padre Island offer for beginners? A. Soft surfboards for rent. B. Free swimsuits for surfing. C. Lessons from experienced surfers. D. Guided tours to Hawaiian beaches. 3. Which tourist attraction needs reservations? A. Isla Blanca Beach. B. Bracken Cave Preserve. C. The Ladonia Fossil Park. D. The Dinosaur Valley State Park. 【名校模拟2】（25-26高三上·浙江·开学考试） The Future of Clean Energy in Homes Heating, cooling, and powering homes contribute significantly to global CO₂ emissions. As nations strive to reduce their carbon footprints, residential energy use — responsible for nearly 20% of energy-related emissions — poses unique challenges. Below is the 2022 breakdown of household emissions by source. ELECTRICITY  52% HEATING  28% COOLING  12% APPLIANCES  6% LIGHTING  2% Clean energy solutions for homes must be affordable, efficient, and adaptable to diverse climates. While technologies vary, here are key innovations driving the shift toward sustainability.HEAT PUMPS — Efficient Heating/Cooling Replacing gas boilers, electric heat pumps transfer warmth from air or ground, cutting heating emissions by 50%. Hybrid models, hopefully, might be able to work in sub-zero temperatures in the near future.SMART GRIDS (电网) — Dynamic Electricity Management AI-powered grids optimize energy use, storing surplus solar power during peak hours and reducing reliance on fossil-fuel backups.SOLAR PANELS — Rooftop Revolution Solar energy is the most accessible renewable source for households. Advances in photovoltaic cells have cut costs by 80% since 2010, making them viable in numerous regions.WIND TURBINES — Community Microgrids Small-scale turbines (涡轮机) in windy areas can power neighborhoods, though land use debates persist. “The scale of this transition is staggering,” says Dr. Elena Torres, a climate scientist at MIT. Residential renewables like solar and heat pumps could meet 90% of global household demand by 2050 — but only if investments triple within this decade. Recent studies show that every $1 invested in green homes today saves $5 in future climate adaptation costs. This isn’t just an environmental imperative; it’s economically inevitable. 1. Which two categories combined account for over three-quarters of total household emissions? A. Electricity and Heating. B. Heating and Cooling. C. Appliances and Lighting. D. Cooling and Appliances. 2. Which technology is highlighted as cost-effective for diverse climates? A. Heat pumps. B. Smart grids. C. Solar panels. D. Wind turbines. 3. What does Dr. Torres emphasize about the energy transition? A. The dominance of gas boilers. B. The increase in solar efficiency. C. The need for higher investment. D. The breakthrough in heat pump technology. 【名校模拟3】（25-26高三上·广东广州·开学考试） Last September, I visited a protected wetland near my home. Though I’d used binoculars (望远镜), field guides and song identification apps all summer while hiking, this was the first time I only watched birds. I’ve always cared about birds and have written about them as a science writer, but the moment I decided with purpose to devote time and energy to bird-watching marked my transformation into a birder. Seven months later, I’ve seen 452 species, learned dozens of calls, tracked rare birds, and even went looking for owls at night. I didn’t start from zero. My career spent writing about nature taught me about the habitats; journalism allowed me to quickly familiarize myself with new topics and new people. I crowdsourced tips on social media platforms and went out with experienced birders. I used tools available to beginners. Many regard birding as just turning lives into checklist numbers, but even that is harder without knowledge. To find the birds, you have to know them. And in doing that, much else falls into space. Birding has boosted my time outdoors, pushing me to explore my neighborhood in ways I never would have: amazing hot spots in industrial areas, wastewater treatment plants, and random parks. I seem imperious to heat, cold, hunger, and thirst. My mind quiets, focusing only on the present. I also feel a much deeper connection to nature, which I’ve long written about but always remained slightly distant from. Every bird I meet gives color and sound to the facts I once knew only from books. Birds I assumed lived far away — golden eagles, cranes — have all appeared within an hour of my house. People call birding an escape from reality. I reject that. Instead, I see it as involvement with the true reality. I don’t need to know social media drama when I can spend an hour hunting for a rare bird. The choice is obvious. Spring is coming. New birds will soon flood the Bay Area. I can’t wait. 1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. When the author became a birder. B. The author’s early interest in birding. C. An ideal destination for new birders. D. A memorable birding trip without tools. 2. What does the author emphasize in paragraph 3? A. Why new birders can never start from zero. B. How prior skills have aided his/ her birding. C. The difficulties of birding without guidance. D. The use of effective bird identification tools. 3. What does the underlined phrase “imperious to” mean in paragraph 5? A. extremely afraid of. B. Strongly opposed to. C. easily contented with. D. completely unaffected by. 4. What is the author’s main message? A. Birding is an escape from reality. B. Technology kills real experience. C. Simple joys like birding enrich life. D. Hobbies require a lot of knowledge. 【名校模拟4】（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试） Last September, I visited a protected wetland near my home. Though I’d used binoculars (望远镜), field guides and song identification apps all summer while hiking, this was the first time I only watched birds. I’ve always cared about birds and have written about them as a science writer, but the moment I decided with purpose to devote time and energy to bird-watching marked my transformation into a birder. Seven months later, I’ve seen 452 species, learned dozens of calls, tracked rare birds, and even went looking for owls at night. I didn’t start from zero. My career spent writing about nature taught me about the habitats; journalism allowed me to quickly familiarize myself with new topics and new people. I crowdsourced tips on social media platforms and went out with experienced birders. I used tools available to beginners. Many regard birding as just turning lives into checklist numbers, but even that is harder without knowledge. To find the birds, you have to know them. And in doing that, much else falls into space. Birding has boosted my time outdoors, pushing me to explore my neighborhood in ways I never would have: amazing hot spots in industrial areas, wastewater treatment plants, and random parks. I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger, and thirst. My mind quiets, focusing only on the present. I also feel a much deeper connection to nature, which I’ve long written about but always remained slightly distant from. Every bird I meet gives color and sound to the facts I once knew only from books. Birds I assumed lived far away — golden eagles, cranes — have all appeared within an hour of my house. People call birding an escape from reality. I reject that. Instead, I see it as involvement with the true reality. I don’t need to know social media drama when I can spend an hour hunting for a rare bird. The choice is obvious. Spring is coming. New birds will soon flood the Bay Area. I can’t wait. 1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. When the author became a birder. B. The author’s early interest in birding. C. An ideal destination for new birders. D. A memorable birding trip without tools. 2. What does the author emphasize in paragraph 3? A. Why new birders can never start from zero. B. How prior skills have aided his/her birding. C. The difficulties of birding without guidance. D. The use of effective bird identification tools. 3. What does the underlined phrase “impervious to” mean in paragraph 5? A. Extremely afraid of. B. Strongly opposed to. C. easily contented with. D. completely unaffected by. 4. What is the author’s main message? A. Birding is an escape from reality. B. Technology kills real experience. C. Simple joys like birding enrich life. D. Hobbies require a lot of knowledge. 【名校模拟5】（25-26高三上·福建莆田·开学考试） Sleep is something that we all need, but many of us don’t get enough of it. Getting enough sleep is essential for our physical and mental health.​ When we sleep, our bodies have a chance to rest and repair themselves. During deep sleep, the body produces growth hormone, which is important for growth and development in children and teenagers. It also helps to repair cells and tissues, which is important for maintaining good health. Sleep is also important for the immune system. Studies have shown that people who don’t get enough sleep are more likely to get sick.​ In addition to the physical benefits, sleep is also important for mental health. Sleep helps to improve memory and concentration. When we sleep, our brains process and store information that we have learned during the day. This is why getting a good night’s sleep before a test or exam can help to improve performance. Sleep also helps to regulate mood. People who don’t get enough sleep are more likely to feel irritable, anxious, or depressed.​ So, how much sleep do we need? The amount of sleep that a person needs depends on their age. Babies need about 14-17 hours of sleep per day, while young children need 10-13 hours. Teenagers need 8-10 hours, and adults need 7-9 hours.​ If you’re having trouble sleeping, there are some things that you can do to improve your sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol before bed, as they can interfere with sleep. Create a relaxing bedtime routine, such as reading a book or taking a warm bath. Make sure your bedroom is dark, quiet, and cool.​ 1. What does the body produce during deep sleep?​ A. Immune cells.​ B. Growth hormone.​ C. Mood-regulating chemicals.​ D. Memory-enhancing substances.​ 2. Why is sleep important for the immune system?​ A. It helps to repair cells and tissues.​ B. It produces growth hormone.​ C. It reduces the risk of getting sick.​ D. It improves memory and concentration.​ 3. How much sleep do teenagers need per day?​ A. 7 — 9 hours.​ B. 8 — 10 hours.​ C. 10 — 13 hours.​ D. 14 — 17 hours.​ 4. What is a way to improve sleep habits?​ A. Drinking coffee before bed.​ B. Going to bed at different times every day.​ C. Creating a relaxing bedtime routine.​ D. Keeping the bedroom bright and noisy. 【名校模拟6】（25-26高三上·广东广州·开学考试） The newest, hottest power couple doesn’t live in Hollywood. It’s actually the marriage of solar panels and reservoirs (水库): Known as floatovoltaics, these devices on simple floats (浮体) generate power while shading the water below. The primary advantage of the technology is that no trees need to be cleared for solar farms. As an added bonus, the water cools the panels, increasing their efficiency. Research shows that floatovoltaics on just a small share of global lakes and reservoirs could meet nearly a third of the US’s annual electricity demand. As floatovoltaic systems expand, with the market expected to grow 23% annually from 2025 to 2030, scientists are studying their impact on ecosystems. “We shouldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cost of biodiversity loss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University of California, Davis. “This is a great opportunity to increase our research and develop smart designs and better sitting practices to have this happy marriage between a healthy, biodiverse ecosystem and renewable energy expansion.” Most floatovoltaics are placed on reservoirs. When paired with the existing water power plants, the panels can generate additional daytime power. This combination can make up for seasonal drops in water or sunlight, ensuring a more stable yearly output. Though artificial, reservoirs host lots of water life that floatovoltaics can interact with. Would this bring risks or benefits? “Our customers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting on the floats,” reports Chris Bachman of a leading floatovoltaics company. Ecological considerations get trickier where there are unforeseen knock- on effects. Experiments show that shading from panels can slow the growth of algae that fish eat and also reduce harmful algae, affecting the food chain. Floats can hide fish from birds that hunt them but may also serve as safe habitats for these birds. “We need to monitor for long periods to understand the big picture,” says freshwater ecologist Simpson Cardoso. Scientists and companies are discussing wider spacing between panels and avoiding construction during waterbirds’ sensitive periods, such as migration and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind of ecological balance,” says Stephens. 1. How does the author introduce floatovoltaics? A. By giving a technical definition. B. By explaining how they work. C. By relating them to a married couple. D. By describing a popular movie scene. 2. What is scientists’ major concern about floatovoltaics? A. Their influence on ecosystems and biodiversity. B. Their seasonal changes in power output. C. Their high cost of construction and maintenance. D. Their competition against traditional solar farms. 3. Why does the author quote Chris Bachman in paragraph 5? A. To provide evidence of customer satisfaction. B. To show a potential benefit of floatovoltaics. C. To note the complexity of ecological interactions. D. To draw attention to protecting migrating birds. 4. What are scientists focusing on? A. Conducting the application of wider panels. B. Developing smarter designs and practices. C. Proving the existence of ecological balance. D. Avoiding constructions on waterbird habitats. 【名校模拟7】（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试） The newest, hottest power couple doesn’t live in Hollywood. It’s actually the marriage of solar panels and reservoirs (水库): Known as floatovoltaics, these devices on simple floats (浮体) generate power while shading the water below. The primary advantage of the technology is that no trees need to be cleared for solar farms. As an added bonus, the water cools the panels, increasing their efficiency. Research shows that floatovoltaics on just a small share of global lakes and reservoirs could meet nearly a third of the US’s annual electricity demand. As floatovoltaic systems expand, with the market expected to grow 23% annually from 2025 to 2030, scientists are studying their impact on ecosystems. “We shouldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cost of biodiversity loss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University of California, Davis. “This is a great opportunity to increase our research and develop smart designs and better siting practices to have this happy marriage between a healthy, biodiverse ecosystem and renewable energy expansion.” Most floatovoltaics are placed on reservoirs. When paired with the existing water power plants, the panels can generate additional daytime power. This combination can make up for seasonal drops in water or sunlight, ensuring a more stable yearly output. Though artificial, reservoirs host lots of water life that floatovoltaics can interact with. Would this bring risks or benefits? “Our customers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting on the floats,” reports Chris Bachman of a leading floatovoltaics company. Ecological considerations get trickier where there are unforeseen knock-on effects. Experiments show that shading from panels can slow the growth of algae that fish eat and also reduce harmful algae, affecting the food chain. Floats can hide fish from birds that hunt them but may also serve as safe habitats for these birds. “We need to monitor for long periods to understand the big picture,” says freshwater ecologist Simpson Cardoso. Scientists and companies are discussing wider spacing between panels and avoiding construction during waterbirds’ sensitive periods, such as migration and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind of ecological balance,” says Stephens. 1. How does the author introduce floatovoltaics? A. By giving a technical definition. B. By explaining how they work. C. By relating them to a married couple. D. By describing a popular movie scene. 2. What is scientists’ major concern about floatovoltaics? A. Their influence on ecosystems and biodiversity. B. Their seasonal changes in power output. C. Their high cost of construction and maintenance. D. Their competition against traditional solar farms. 3. Why does the author quote Chris Bachman in paragraph 5? A. To provide evidence of customer satisfaction. B. To show a potential benefit of floatovoltaics. C. To note the complexity of ecological interactions. D. To draw attention to protecting migrating birds. 4. What are scientists focusing on? A. Conducting the application of wider panels. B. Developing smarter designs and practices. C. Proving the existence of ecological balance. D. Avoiding constructions on waterbird habitats. 【名校模拟8】（25-26高三上·湖南·开学考试） Thwaites is the widest glacier (冰川) in the world. It holds 480,000 km of ice. Right now, it’s losing about 80 km per year. And its ice loss continues to speed up as the world warms. If Thwaites were to break down, it would send out enough ice to cause disastrous sea-level rise worldwide. And even if humans stop producing climate-warming gases in the near future, this still might not prevent a breakdown. So a few scientists are studying whether glacial engineering could prevent or delay the sea-level rise. Slawek Tulaczyk, a glaciologist, is one of the people pushing for this to happen. “Maybe the conclusion will be that we should not do it, or that we won’t be able to do it,” he says. But he believes that scientists should at least look into the possibility. Tulaczyk has long thought about engineering ice flows. In the 1990s, he studied a coastal site in West Antarctica, nearly 1,200 kilometers east of Thwaites. Six huge glaciers flowed off that coastline. Most of them slid 300 to 700 meters forward each year. But scientists found that one, the Kamb Ice Stream, flowed only two percent that fast. Kamb had once moved as quickly as the others. Then, some 150 years ago, it almost stopped. A thin layer of liquid water lies under most glaciers, which lets them slide over rough beds of stone smoothly. That water comes from a slow melting (融化) of ice on the glacier’s bottom. It melts because of the heat of friction (摩擦) and the heat that comes out of the ground from deep in the Earth. Tulaczyk and some others thought a loss of this water layer might have slowed Kamb. Like a river jumping its banks, that water seemed to have moved elsewhere. By the late 2000s, Tulaczyk was wondering if it might be possible to slow other glaciers by copying what happened at Kamb. He imagined drilling holes through a glacier and taking out the water below. This might eventually freeze the glacier to its bed, stopping the ice from moving for years or centuries. Tulaczyk and others warn that glacial engineering would never be a silver bullet. Even if it saves Thwaites or other glaciers in Antarctica, it may not protect glaciers in the Arctic, where temperatures are warmer. 1. What is Tulaczyk’s opinion on preventing the sea-level rise? A. It is totally impossible. B. Glacial engineering is the only way. C. Humans must act to remove greenhouse gases. D. Doing something is better than never trying. 2. Why did the Kamb Ice Stream flow more slowly? A. It was located in a colder region. B. It was almost frozen to the seabed. C. The glacier melted at a slower speed. D. The water layer beneath it disappeared. 3. How did Tulaczyk propose to stop glaciers flowing? A. By filling freezing air through holes. B. By forcing them to jump their banks. C. By removing the water under glaciers. D. By building barriers to block their movement. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. A newfound glacier in Antarctica. B. A potential approach to slowing the sea-level rise. C. The effects of climate change on Arctic glaciers. D. The history of glacial research in the 20th century. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第03期 小题狂练 专题04 阅读理解细节理解题(考情+技法+真题+模拟) 解析版 【高考考情】 1.(2025全国二卷第21题） 2.(2024新课标I卷第22题) 3.(2023全国甲卷第28题) 4.(2023 ·全国乙卷第23题) 5.(2020全国Ⅰ卷第21题) 6.(2023全国乙卷第28题) 7.(2023新课标I卷第22题) 8.(2020全国Ⅲ卷第34题) 【实用技法】 题型一　直接信息题 直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 “带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。 【真题调研1】（2025全国二卷第21题） English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. 21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A. In the Ludlow Castle. B. In the Foodie Center of England. C. In the Hereford Cathedral. D. In the Black and White House Museum. 解析：第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Where,find, original copy,the Magna Carta 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据Hereford, Herefordshire部分中“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。there是信息词，there= The Hereford Cathedral。 第三步：比对选项信息。《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于赫里福德大教堂。故选C。 【真题调研2】(2024新课标I卷第22题) HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM … GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. … 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词What, the lower age limit, joining the Habitat Restoration Team。 第二步：根据关键词定位到AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分，“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，本段提到Volunteers aged 10 and over, youth under the age of 15和Volunteers under the age of 18。结合题干the lower age limit，可知栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 【真题调研3】 (2023全国甲卷第28题) I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). 28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 28. C。细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。 【真题调研4】 (2023 ·全国乙卷第23题) Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 23. D。细节理解题。Step 1找关键词：first African American with a medical degree。Step 2定位到原文：she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree。Step 3比对选项：通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。 【真题调研5】 (2020全国Ⅰ卷第21题) All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. 21. What would you do to get ticket information? A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink.com.au. C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule. 21. C。分析：Step 1找关键词：ticket information。Step 2定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticket information，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”。Step 3比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。答案是C。 题型二　间接信息题 间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。 该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换。 【真题调研6】 (2023全国乙卷第28题) According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. 30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 30.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。 两个同义转换：one third~33%；a wider variety of =more diverse。 【真题调研7】 (2023新课标I卷第22题) Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) … 22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 22. B。细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B。 同义转换：final grade= Essays (60%)+ Group Assignments (30%)+ Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) 【真题调研8】 (2020全国Ⅲ卷第34题) Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.” 34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing. C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water. 34. C。细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法。 【名校模拟1】（25-26高三上·湖南·开学考试） Family-Friendly Things to Do in Texas Search for shark bones in the Ladonia Fossil (化石) Park In the Ladonia Fossil Park, visitors will find a woolly mammoth (猛犸), shark bones, and ancient stones between 145 and 65 million years ago. After a heavy rain, visitors can go through the mud for newly-appearing fossils. Consider bringing a tool to help free anything from the mud. You can take anything you find with you as long as it doesn’t have scientific importance. Trace (追踪) the tracks of dinosaurs in the Paluxy riverbed In the Dinosaur Valley State Park, kids can see some of the best-protected dinosaur tracks. Because the tracks are located in the riverbed, water sometimes covers them. Entry to the park is free of charge, but be sure to check the park’s website before visiting to find which trails are open and if the tracks are visible. Go surfing in South Padre Island Along Texas’ Gulf Coast, get into the water with the family and have surfing lessons given by professional coaches and former Hawaiian lifeguards, who teach all year round at Isla Blanca Beach. Soft surfboards are also for rent for those with excellent surfing skills to paddle out on their own. Behold baby bats on their first flights at Bracken Cave Preserve Mexican free-tailed bats appear in mass every evening from May to September at Bracken Cave Preserve. Bookings must be made ahead of time to visit, and you should plan to spend three hours on-site during the guided tours while waiting for the bats. 1. What can visitors do in the Ladonia Fossil Park? A. Search for fossils after rain. B. Keep whatever they find. C. Learn more about shark teeth. D. Purchase tools to dig up mammoths. 2. What does South Padre Island offer for beginners? A. Soft surfboards for rent. B. Free swimsuits for surfing. C. Lessons from experienced surfers. D. Guided tours to Hawaiian beaches. 3. Which tourist attraction needs reservations? A. Isla Blanca Beach. B. Bracken Cave Preserve. C. The Ladonia Fossil Park. D. The Dinosaur Valley State Park. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了在得克萨斯州适合家庭游玩的几个地方，包括在拉多尼亚化石公园寻找鲨鱼骨头、在帕卢西河床追踪恐龙足迹、在南帕德雷岛冲浪以及在布拉肯洞穴保护区观赏小蝙蝠首次飞行。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章“Search for shark bones in the Ladonia Fossil (化石) Park”部分中“After a heavy rain, visitors can go through the mud for newly-appearing fossils.(大雨过后，游客可以穿过泥地寻找新出现的化石)”可知，游客在拉多尼亚化石公园可以在雨后寻找化石。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章“Go surfing in South Padre Island”部分中“Along Texas’ Gulf Coast, get into the water with the family and have surfing lessons given by professional coaches and former Hawaiian lifeguards, who teach all year round at Isla Blanca Beach.(沿着得克萨斯州的海湾海岸，和家人一起下水，接受专业教练和前夏威夷救生员的冲浪课程，他们在布兰卡岛海滩全年授课)”可知，南帕德雷岛为初学者提供有经验的冲浪者的课程。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章“Behold baby bats on their first flights at Bracken Cave Preserve”部分中“Bookings must be made ahead of time to visit, and you should plan to spend three hours on-site during the guided tours while waiting for the bats.(参观必须提前预订，在导游带领下参观时，你应该计划在现场等待蝙蝠的三个小时)”可知，布拉肯洞穴保护区需要预订。故选B项。 【名校模拟2】（25-26高三上·浙江·开学考试） The Future of Clean Energy in Homes Heating, cooling, and powering homes contribute significantly to global CO₂ emissions. As nations strive to reduce their carbon footprints, residential energy use — responsible for nearly 20% of energy-related emissions — poses unique challenges. Below is the 2022 breakdown of household emissions by source. ELECTRICITY  52% HEATING  28% COOLING  12% APPLIANCES  6% LIGHTING  2% Clean energy solutions for homes must be affordable, efficient, and adaptable to diverse climates. While technologies vary, here are key innovations driving the shift toward sustainability.HEAT PUMPS — Efficient Heating/Cooling Replacing gas boilers, electric heat pumps transfer warmth from air or ground, cutting heating emissions by 50%. Hybrid models, hopefully, might be able to work in sub-zero temperatures in the near future.SMART GRIDS (电网) — Dynamic Electricity Management AI-powered grids optimize energy use, storing surplus solar power during peak hours and reducing reliance on fossil-fuel backups.SOLAR PANELS — Rooftop Revolution Solar energy is the most accessible renewable source for households. Advances in photovoltaic cells have cut costs by 80% since 2010, making them viable in numerous regions.WIND TURBINES — Community Microgrids Small-scale turbines (涡轮机) in windy areas can power neighborhoods, though land use debates persist. “The scale of this transition is staggering,” says Dr. Elena Torres, a climate scientist at MIT. Residential renewables like solar and heat pumps could meet 90% of global household demand by 2050 — but only if investments triple within this decade. Recent studies show that every $1 invested in green homes today saves $5 in future climate adaptation costs. This isn’t just an environmental imperative; it’s economically inevitable. 1. Which two categories combined account for over three-quarters of total household emissions? A. Electricity and Heating. B. Heating and Cooling. C. Appliances and Lighting. D. Cooling and Appliances. 2. Which technology is highlighted as cost-effective for diverse climates? A. Heat pumps. B. Smart grids. C. Solar panels. D. Wind turbines. 3. What does Dr. Torres emphasize about the energy transition? A. The dominance of gas boilers. B. The increase in solar efficiency. C. The need for higher investment. D. The breakthrough in heat pump technology. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了家庭清洁能源的未来，包括家庭排放来源、清洁能源技术及投资需求。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Below is the 2022 breakdown of household emissions by source. ELECTRICITY 52%，HEATING 28%(以下是2022年家庭排放来源的细分。电力占52%，供暖占28%)”可知，电力和供暖两个类别加起来占家庭总排放量的四分之三以上。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据SOLAR PANELS — Rooftop Revolution部分中“Solar energy is the most accessible renewable source for households. Advances in photovoltaic cells have cut costs by 80% since 2010, making them viable in numerous regions.(太阳能是家庭最容易获得的可再生能源。自2010年以来，光伏电池的进步使成本降低了80%，使其在许多地区都可行)”可知，太阳能电池板被强调为适用于不同气候的成本效益高的技术。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据WIND TURBINES — Community Microgrids部分中“Residential renewables like solar and heat pumps could meet 90% of global household demand by 2050 — but only if investments triple within this decade.(到2050年，太阳能和热泵等住宅可再生能源可以满足全球90%的家庭需求，但前提是未来十年的投资要增加两倍)”可知，Torres博士强调了能源转型需要更高的投资。故选C。 【名校模拟3】（25-26高三上·广东广州·开学考试） Last September, I visited a protected wetland near my home. Though I’d used binoculars (望远镜), field guides and song identification apps all summer while hiking, this was the first time I only watched birds. I’ve always cared about birds and have written about them as a science writer, but the moment I decided with purpose to devote time and energy to bird-watching marked my transformation into a birder. Seven months later, I’ve seen 452 species, learned dozens of calls, tracked rare birds, and even went looking for owls at night. I didn’t start from zero. My career spent writing about nature taught me about the habitats; journalism allowed me to quickly familiarize myself with new topics and new people. I crowdsourced tips on social media platforms and went out with experienced birders. I used tools available to beginners. Many regard birding as just turning lives into checklist numbers, but even that is harder without knowledge. To find the birds, you have to know them. And in doing that, much else falls into space. Birding has boosted my time outdoors, pushing me to explore my neighborhood in ways I never would have: amazing hot spots in industrial areas, wastewater treatment plants, and random parks. I seem imperious to heat, cold, hunger, and thirst. My mind quiets, focusing only on the present. I also feel a much deeper connection to nature, which I’ve long written about but always remained slightly distant from. Every bird I meet gives color and sound to the facts I once knew only from books. Birds I assumed lived far away — golden eagles, cranes — have all appeared within an hour of my house. People call birding an escape from reality. I reject that. Instead, I see it as involvement with the true reality. I don’t need to know social media drama when I can spend an hour hunting for a rare bird. The choice is obvious. Spring is coming. New birds will soon flood the Bay Area. I can’t wait. 1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. When the author became a birder. B. The author’s early interest in birding. C. An ideal destination for new birders. D. A memorable birding trip without tools. 2. What does the author emphasize in paragraph 3? A. Why new birders can never start from zero. B. How prior skills have aided his/ her birding. C. The difficulties of birding without guidance. D. The use of effective bird identification tools. 3. What does the underlined phrase “imperious to” mean in paragraph 5? A. extremely afraid of. B. Strongly opposed to. C. easily contented with. D. completely unaffected by. 4. What is the author’s main message? A. Birding is an escape from reality. B. Technology kills real experience. C. Simple joys like birding enrich life. D. Hobbies require a lot of knowledge. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从一名科学写作者转变为真正的观鸟爱好者的经历，强调了观鸟带来的乐趣、知识积累和对自然更深层次的连接，表达了作者对自然生活的热爱和对“真实现实”的追求。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“This was the first time I only watched birds.(这是我第一次只是单纯地观察鸟类)”以及第二段“I’ve always cared about birds and have written about them as a science writer, but the moment I decided with purpose to devote time and energy to bird- watching marked my transformation into a birder.(我一直对鸟类很感兴趣，并且作为一名科学作家也写过相关文章，但当我下定决心专门投入时间和精力去观察鸟类的时候，这标志着我正式成为了鸟类爱好者)”可知，整段的重点在于作者成为一名观鸟者的时间和契机。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“I didn’t start from zero. My career spent writing about nature taught me about the habitats; journalism allowed me to quickly familiarize myself with new topics and new people. I crowdsourced tips on social media plat forms and went out with experienced birders.(我并非从零开始。我的职业生涯一直致力于关于自然的报道工作，这让我对各种栖息地有了深入的了解；而新闻工作则让我能够迅速熟悉新的主题和新的人物。我通过社交媒体平台收集相关建议，并与有经验的观鸟者一同外出观察)”可知，这些已有的技能如何支持了他的观鸟活动。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“My mind quiets, focusing only on the present.(我的思绪平静下来，只专注于当下)”可推知，作者在观鸟时完全沉浸在当下，不受天气、饥渴等影响，由此可判断“impervious to”意为“完全不受……影响的”。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“People call birding an escape from reality. I reject that. Instead, I see it as engagement with the true reality.(人们把观鸟称作是对现实世界的逃离。但我却不这么认为。在我看来，观鸟其实是一种与真实世界紧密相连的体验)”和最后一段“Spring is coming. New birds will soon flood the Bay Area. I can’t wait.(春天就要来了。新的鸟类很快就会涌入旧金山湾区。我迫不及待地想要见到它们了)”可知，作者认为观鸟不是逃避现实，而是一种接触真实生活的方式，同时也表达了对自然的热爱和期待。因此，文章的主旨是强调像观鸟这样简单的爱好可以丰富我们的生活。故选C。 【名校模拟4】（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试） Last September, I visited a protected wetland near my home. Though I’d used binoculars (望远镜), field guides and song identification apps all summer while hiking, this was the first time I only watched birds. I’ve always cared about birds and have written about them as a science writer, but the moment I decided with purpose to devote time and energy to bird-watching marked my transformation into a birder. Seven months later, I’ve seen 452 species, learned dozens of calls, tracked rare birds, and even went looking for owls at night. I didn’t start from zero. My career spent writing about nature taught me about the habitats; journalism allowed me to quickly familiarize myself with new topics and new people. I crowdsourced tips on social media platforms and went out with experienced birders. I used tools available to beginners. Many regard birding as just turning lives into checklist numbers, but even that is harder without knowledge. To find the birds, you have to know them. And in doing that, much else falls into space. Birding has boosted my time outdoors, pushing me to explore my neighborhood in ways I never would have: amazing hot spots in industrial areas, wastewater treatment plants, and random parks. I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger, and thirst. My mind quiets, focusing only on the present. I also feel a much deeper connection to nature, which I’ve long written about but always remained slightly distant from. Every bird I meet gives color and sound to the facts I once knew only from books. Birds I assumed lived far away — golden eagles, cranes — have all appeared within an hour of my house. People call birding an escape from reality. I reject that. Instead, I see it as involvement with the true reality. I don’t need to know social media drama when I can spend an hour hunting for a rare bird. The choice is obvious. Spring is coming. New birds will soon flood the Bay Area. I can’t wait. 1. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. When the author became a birder. B. The author’s early interest in birding. C. An ideal destination for new birders. D. A memorable birding trip without tools. 2. What does the author emphasize in paragraph 3? A. Why new birders can never start from zero. B. How prior skills have aided his/her birding. C. The difficulties of birding without guidance. D. The use of effective bird identification tools. 3. What does the underlined phrase “impervious to” mean in paragraph 5? A. Extremely afraid of. B. Strongly opposed to. C. easily contented with. D. completely unaffected by. 4. What is the author’s main message? A. Birding is an escape from reality. B. Technology kills real experience. C. Simple joys like birding enrich life. D. Hobbies require a lot of knowledge. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从一名科学写作者转变为真正的观鸟爱好者的经历，强调了观鸟带来的乐趣、知识积累和对自然更深层次的连接，表达了作者对自然生活的热爱和对“真实现实”的追求。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“This was the first time I only watched birds.(这是我第一次只是单纯地观察鸟类)”以及第二段“I’ve always cared about birds and have written about them as a science writer, but the moment I decided with purpose to devote time and energy to bird- watching marked my transformation into a birder.(我一直对鸟类很感兴趣，并且作为一名科学作家也写过相关文章，但当我下定决心专门投入时间和精力去观察鸟类的时候，这标志着我正式成为了鸟类爱好者)”可知，整段的重点在于作者成为一名观鸟者的时间和契机。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“I didn’t start from zero. My career spent writing about nature taught me about the habitats; journalism allowed me to quickly familiarize myself with new topics and new people. I crowdsourced tips on social media plat forms and went out with experienced birders.(我并非从零开始。我的职业生涯一直致力于关于自然的报道工作，这让我对各种栖息地有了深入的了解；而新闻工作则让我能够迅速熟悉新的主题和新的人物。我通过社交媒体平台收集相关建议，并与有经验的观鸟者一同外出观察)”可知，这些已有的技能如何支持了他的观鸟活动。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“My mind quiets, focusing only on the present.(我的思绪平静下来，只专注于当下)”可推知，作者在观鸟时完全沉浸在当下，不受天气、饥渴等影响，由此可判断“impervious to”意为“完全不受……影响的”。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“People call birding an escape from reality. I reject that. Instead, I see it as engagement with the true reality.(人们把观鸟称作是对现实世界的逃离。但我却不这么认为。在我看来，观鸟其实是一种与真实世界紧密相连的体验)”和最后一段“Spring is coming. New birds will soon flood the Bay Area. I can’t wait.(春天就要来了。新的鸟类很快就会涌入旧金山湾区。我迫不及待地想要见到它们了)”可知，作者认为观鸟不是逃避现实，而是一种接触真实生活的方式，同时也表达了对自然的热爱和期待。因此，文章的主旨是强调像观鸟这样简单的爱好可以丰富我们的生活。故选C。 【名校模拟5】（25-26高三上·福建莆田·开学考试） Sleep is something that we all need, but many of us don’t get enough of it. Getting enough sleep is essential for our physical and mental health.​ When we sleep, our bodies have a chance to rest and repair themselves. During deep sleep, the body produces growth hormone, which is important for growth and development in children and teenagers. It also helps to repair cells and tissues, which is important for maintaining good health. Sleep is also important for the immune system. Studies have shown that people who don’t get enough sleep are more likely to get sick.​ In addition to the physical benefits, sleep is also important for mental health. Sleep helps to improve memory and concentration. When we sleep, our brains process and store information that we have learned during the day. This is why getting a good night’s sleep before a test or exam can help to improve performance. Sleep also helps to regulate mood. People who don’t get enough sleep are more likely to feel irritable, anxious, or depressed.​ So, how much sleep do we need? The amount of sleep that a person needs depends on their age. Babies need about 14-17 hours of sleep per day, while young children need 10-13 hours. Teenagers need 8-10 hours, and adults need 7-9 hours.​ If you’re having trouble sleeping, there are some things that you can do to improve your sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol before bed, as they can interfere with sleep. Create a relaxing bedtime routine, such as reading a book or taking a warm bath. Make sure your bedroom is dark, quiet, and cool.​ 1. What does the body produce during deep sleep?​ A. Immune cells.​ B. Growth hormone.​ C. Mood-regulating chemicals.​ D. Memory-enhancing substances.​ 2. Why is sleep important for the immune system?​ A. It helps to repair cells and tissues.​ B. It produces growth hormone.​ C. It reduces the risk of getting sick.​ D. It improves memory and concentration.​ 3. How much sleep do teenagers need per day?​ A. 7 — 9 hours.​ B. 8 — 10 hours.​ C. 10 — 13 hours.​ D. 14 — 17 hours.​ 4. What is a way to improve sleep habits?​ A. Drinking coffee before bed.​ B. Going to bed at different times every day.​ C. Creating a relaxing bedtime routine.​ D. Keeping the bedroom bright and noisy. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出充足睡眠对身心有益，能助身体修复、增强免疫力、改善记忆情绪，还给出不同年龄段所需睡眠时间及改善睡眠习惯的方法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“During deep sleep, the body produces growth hormone, which is important for growth and development in children and teenagers.(在深度睡眠期间，人体会分泌生长激素，这种激素对儿童和青少年的生长发育至关重要)”可知，深度睡眠时身体会产生生长激素。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Studies have shown that people who don’t get enough sleep are more likely to get sick.(研究表明，睡眠不足的人更容易生病)”可知，睡眠对免疫系统如此重要是因为它能降低生病的风险。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Teenagers need 8 — 10 hours, and adults need 7 — 9 hours.( 青少年需要8至10小时的睡眠时间，而成年人则需要7至9小时)”可知，青少年每天需要8至10小时。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Create a relaxing bedtime routine, such as reading a book or taking a warm bath.(制定一个有助于放松的睡前例行活动，比如阅读一本书或者泡个热水澡)”可知，可以制定一个放松的睡前例行程序来改善睡眠习惯。故选C。 【名校模拟6】（25-26高三上·广东广州·开学考试） The newest, hottest power couple doesn’t live in Hollywood. It’s actually the marriage of solar panels and reservoirs (水库): Known as floatovoltaics, these devices on simple floats (浮体) generate power while shading the water below. The primary advantage of the technology is that no trees need to be cleared for solar farms. As an added bonus, the water cools the panels, increasing their efficiency. Research shows that floatovoltaics on just a small share of global lakes and reservoirs could meet nearly a third of the US’s annual electricity demand. As floatovoltaic systems expand, with the market expected to grow 23% annually from 2025 to 2030, scientists are studying their impact on ecosystems. “We shouldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cost of biodiversity loss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University of California, Davis. “This is a great opportunity to increase our research and develop smart designs and better sitting practices to have this happy marriage between a healthy, biodiverse ecosystem and renewable energy expansion.” Most floatovoltaics are placed on reservoirs. When paired with the existing water power plants, the panels can generate additional daytime power. This combination can make up for seasonal drops in water or sunlight, ensuring a more stable yearly output. Though artificial, reservoirs host lots of water life that floatovoltaics can interact with. Would this bring risks or benefits? “Our customers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting on the floats,” reports Chris Bachman of a leading floatovoltaics company. Ecological considerations get trickier where there are unforeseen knock- on effects. Experiments show that shading from panels can slow the growth of algae that fish eat and also reduce harmful algae, affecting the food chain. Floats can hide fish from birds that hunt them but may also serve as safe habitats for these birds. “We need to monitor for long periods to understand the big picture,” says freshwater ecologist Simpson Cardoso. Scientists and companies are discussing wider spacing between panels and avoiding construction during waterbirds’ sensitive periods, such as migration and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind of ecological balance,” says Stephens. 1. How does the author introduce floatovoltaics? A. By giving a technical definition. B. By explaining how they work. C. By relating them to a married couple. D. By describing a popular movie scene. 2. What is scientists’ major concern about floatovoltaics? A. Their influence on ecosystems and biodiversity. B. Their seasonal changes in power output. C. Their high cost of construction and maintenance. D. Their competition against traditional solar farms. 3. Why does the author quote Chris Bachman in paragraph 5? A. To provide evidence of customer satisfaction. B. To show a potential benefit of floatovoltaics. C. To note the complexity of ecological interactions. D. To draw attention to protecting migrating birds. 4. What are scientists focusing on? A. Conducting the application of wider panels. B. Developing smarter designs and practices. C. Proving the existence of ecological balance. D. Avoiding constructions on waterbird habitats. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种将太阳能面板和水库结合的新兴技术——浮动光伏。但科学家也提醒应关注其对生态系统的潜在影响，以确保可再生能源的发展不会以破坏生物多样性为代价。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The newest, hottest power couple doesn’t live in Hollywood. It’s actually the marriage of solar panels and reservoirs (水库): Known as floatovoltaics, these devices on simple floats (浮体) generate power while shading the water below.(当下最炙手可热的“明星夫妻档”并非生活在好莱坞。实际上，它们是太阳能电池板与水库的结合体：这种被称为“浮式光伏”的装置安装在简单的浮体上，既能发电又能为下方的水域遮阳)”可知，作者通过将浮式光伏系统与一对已婚夫妇的情况进行关联介绍浮式光伏系统。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“As floatovoltaic systems expand, with the market expected to grow 23% annually from 2025 to 2030, scientists are studying their impact on ecosystems. “We shouldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cost of biodiversity loss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University of California, Davis. “This is a great opportunity to increase our research and develop smart designs and better sitting practices to have this happy marriage between a healthy, biodiverse ecosystem and renewable energy expansion.””(随着浮式光伏系统的不断推广，预计从2025年到2030年，该市场的年增长率将达到23%。科学家们正在研究其对生态系统的潜在影响。加州大学戴维斯分校的研究员伊莉莎·斯蒂芬斯警告说：“我们不应以牺牲生物多样性为代价来扩大清洁能源的规模。”“这是一个绝佳的机会，让我们加大研究力度，开发智能设计和更合理的布局方式，以实现健康、多样化的生态系统与可再生能源扩张之间的和谐共生。”)”可知，生态平衡和生物多样性是主要关注点。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Though artificial, reservoirs host lots of water life that floatovoltaics can interact with. Would this bring risks or benefits? “Our customers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting on the floats,” reports Chris Bachman of a leading floatovoltaics company.(尽管人工建造，但水库中仍生活着大量水生生物，而浮式光伏系统能够与这些生物产生互动。这会带来风险还是带来好处呢？“我们的客户曾看到迁徙的鸟类在浮体上觅食和休息，”一家知名浮式光伏公司的克里斯·巴赫曼说道)”可知，作者在第五段中引用克里斯·巴赫曼的话是为了展示浮式光伏技术的潜在优势。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Experiments show that shading from panels can slow the growth of algae that fish eat and also reduce harmful algae, affecting the food chain. Floats can hide fish from birds that hunt them but may also serve as safe habitats for these birds. “We need to monitor for long periods to understand the big picture,” says freshwater ecologist Simpson Cardoso.(实验表明，遮阳板提供的遮荫能减缓鱼类所食用的藻类的生长速度，还能减少有害藻类的滋生，从而影响食物链。浮标可以保护鱼类免受捕食鸟类的攻击，但同时也可能成为这些鸟类的安全栖息地。淡水生态学家辛普森·卡多索表示：“我们需要进行长期监测，以了解整体情况。”)”以及最后一段“Scientists and companies are discussing wider spacing between panels and avoiding construction during waterbirds’ sensitive periods, such as migration and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind of ecological balance,” says Stephens.(科学家和相关企业正在探讨将太阳能板之间的间距加大，并避免在水鸟的敏感时期（如迁徙和筑巢期）进行施工。斯蒂芬斯表示：“肯定能够实现这种生态平衡。”)”可知，科学家们正在关注开发更智能的设计与方法。故选B。 【名校模拟7】（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试） The newest, hottest power couple doesn’t live in Hollywood. It’s actually the marriage of solar panels and reservoirs (水库): Known as floatovoltaics, these devices on simple floats (浮体) generate power while shading the water below. The primary advantage of the technology is that no trees need to be cleared for solar farms. As an added bonus, the water cools the panels, increasing their efficiency. Research shows that floatovoltaics on just a small share of global lakes and reservoirs could meet nearly a third of the US’s annual electricity demand. As floatovoltaic systems expand, with the market expected to grow 23% annually from 2025 to 2030, scientists are studying their impact on ecosystems. “We shouldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cost of biodiversity loss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University of California, Davis. “This is a great opportunity to increase our research and develop smart designs and better siting practices to have this happy marriage between a healthy, biodiverse ecosystem and renewable energy expansion.” Most floatovoltaics are placed on reservoirs. When paired with the existing water power plants, the panels can generate additional daytime power. This combination can make up for seasonal drops in water or sunlight, ensuring a more stable yearly output. Though artificial, reservoirs host lots of water life that floatovoltaics can interact with. Would this bring risks or benefits? “Our customers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting on the floats,” reports Chris Bachman of a leading floatovoltaics company. Ecological considerations get trickier where there are unforeseen knock-on effects. Experiments show that shading from panels can slow the growth of algae that fish eat and also reduce harmful algae, affecting the food chain. Floats can hide fish from birds that hunt them but may also serve as safe habitats for these birds. “We need to monitor for long periods to understand the big picture,” says freshwater ecologist Simpson Cardoso. Scientists and companies are discussing wider spacing between panels and avoiding construction during waterbirds’ sensitive periods, such as migration and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind of ecological balance,” says Stephens. 1. How does the author introduce floatovoltaics? A. By giving a technical definition. B. By explaining how they work. C. By relating them to a married couple. D. By describing a popular movie scene. 2. What is scientists’ major concern about floatovoltaics? A. Their influence on ecosystems and biodiversity. B. Their seasonal changes in power output. C. Their high cost of construction and maintenance. D. Their competition against traditional solar farms. 3. Why does the author quote Chris Bachman in paragraph 5? A. To provide evidence of customer satisfaction. B. To show a potential benefit of floatovoltaics. C. To note the complexity of ecological interactions. D. To draw attention to protecting migrating birds. 4. What are scientists focusing on? A. Conducting the application of wider panels. B. Developing smarter designs and practices. C. Proving the existence of ecological balance. D. Avoiding constructions on waterbird habitats. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种将太阳能面板和水库结合的新兴技术——浮动光伏。但科学家也提醒应关注其对生态系统的潜在影响，以确保可再生能源的发展不会以破坏生物多样性为代价。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The newest, hottest power couple doesn’t live in Hollywood. It’s actually the marriage of solar panels and reservoirs (水库): Known as floatovoltaics, these devices on simple floats (浮体) generate power while shading the water below.(当下最炙手可热的“明星夫妻档”并非生活在好莱坞。实际上，它们是太阳能电池板与水库的结合体：这种被称为“浮式光伏”的装置安装在简单的浮体上，既能发电又能为下方的水域遮阳)”可知，作者通过将浮式光伏系统与一对已婚夫妇的情况进行关联介绍浮式光伏系统。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“As floatovoltaic systems expand, with the market expected to grow 23% annually from 2025 to 2030, scientists are studying their impact on ecosystems. “We shouldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cost of biodiversity loss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University of California, Davis. “This is a great opportunity to increase our research and develop smart designs and better siting practices to have this happy marriage between a healthy, biodiverse ecosystem and renewable energy expansion.”(随着浮式光伏系统的不断推广，预计从 2025 年到 2030 年，该市场的年增长率将达到 23%。科学家们正在研究其对生态系统的潜在影响。加州大学戴维斯分校的研究员伊莉莎·斯蒂芬斯警告说：“我们不应以牺牲生物多样性为代价来扩大清洁能源的规模。”“这是一个绝佳的机会，让我们加大研究力度，开发智能设计和更合理的布局方式，以实现健康、多样化的生态系统与可再生能源扩张之间的和谐共生。”)”可知，生态平衡和生物多样性是主要关注点。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Though artificial, reservoirs host lots of water life that floatovoltaics can interact with. Would this bring risks or benefits? “Our customers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting on the floats,” reports Chris Bachman of a leading floatovoltaics company.(尽管人工建造，但水库中仍生活着大量水生生物，而浮式光伏系统能够与这些生物产生互动。这会带来风险还是带来好处呢？“我们的客户曾看到迁徙的鸟类在浮体上觅食和休息，”一家知名浮式光伏公司的克里斯·巴赫曼说道)”可知，作者在第五段中引用克里斯·巴赫曼的话是为了展示浮式光伏技术的潜在优势。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Experiments show that shading from panels can slow the growth of algae that fish eat and also reduce harmful algae, affecting the food chain. Floats can hide fish from birds that hunt them but may also serve as safe habitats for these birds. “We need to monitor for long periods to understand the big picture,” says freshwater ecologist Simpson Cardoso.(实验表明，遮阳板提供的遮荫能减缓鱼类所食用的藻类的生长速度，还能减少有害藻类的滋生，从而影响食物链。浮标可以保护鱼类免受捕食鸟类的攻击，但同时也可能成为这些鸟类的安全栖息地。淡水生态学家辛普森·卡多索表示：“我们需要进行长期监测，以了解整体情况。”)”以及最后一段“Scientists and companies are discussing wider spacing between panels and avoiding construction during waterbirds’ sensitive periods, such as migration and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind of ecological balance,” says Stephens.(科学家和相关企业正在探讨将太阳能板之间的间距加大，并避免在水鸟的敏感时期（如迁徙和筑巢期）进行施工。斯蒂芬斯表示：“肯定能够实现这种生态平衡。”)”可知，科学家们正在关注开发更智能的设计与方法。故选B。 【名校模拟8】（25-26高三上·湖南·开学考试） Thwaites is the widest glacier (冰川) in the world. It holds 480,000 km of ice. Right now, it’s losing about 80 km per year. And its ice loss continues to speed up as the world warms. If Thwaites were to break down, it would send out enough ice to cause disastrous sea-level rise worldwide. And even if humans stop producing climate-warming gases in the near future, this still might not prevent a breakdown. So a few scientists are studying whether glacial engineering could prevent or delay the sea-level rise. Slawek Tulaczyk, a glaciologist, is one of the people pushing for this to happen. “Maybe the conclusion will be that we should not do it, or that we won’t be able to do it,” he says. But he believes that scientists should at least look into the possibility. Tulaczyk has long thought about engineering ice flows. In the 1990s, he studied a coastal site in West Antarctica, nearly 1,200 kilometers east of Thwaites. Six huge glaciers flowed off that coastline. Most of them slid 300 to 700 meters forward each year. But scientists found that one, the Kamb Ice Stream, flowed only two percent that fast. Kamb had once moved as quickly as the others. Then, some 150 years ago, it almost stopped. A thin layer of liquid water lies under most glaciers, which lets them slide over rough beds of stone smoothly. That water comes from a slow melting (融化) of ice on the glacier’s bottom. It melts because of the heat of friction (摩擦) and the heat that comes out of the ground from deep in the Earth. Tulaczyk and some others thought a loss of this water layer might have slowed Kamb. Like a river jumping its banks, that water seemed to have moved elsewhere. By the late 2000s, Tulaczyk was wondering if it might be possible to slow other glaciers by copying what happened at Kamb. He imagined drilling holes through a glacier and taking out the water below. This might eventually freeze the glacier to its bed, stopping the ice from moving for years or centuries. Tulaczyk and others warn that glacial engineering would never be a silver bullet. Even if it saves Thwaites or other glaciers in Antarctica, it may not protect glaciers in the Arctic, where temperatures are warmer. 1. What is Tulaczyk’s opinion on preventing the sea-level rise? A. It is totally impossible. B. Glacial engineering is the only way. C. Humans must act to remove greenhouse gases. D. Doing something is better than never trying. 2. Why did the Kamb Ice Stream flow more slowly? A. It was located in a colder region. B. It was almost frozen to the seabed. C. The glacier melted at a slower speed. D. The water layer beneath it disappeared. 3. How did Tulaczyk propose to stop glaciers flowing? A. By filling freezing air through holes. B. By forcing them to jump their banks. C. By removing the water under glaciers. D. By building barriers to block their movement. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. A newfound glacier in Antarctica. B. A potential approach to slowing the sea-level rise. C. The effects of climate change on Arctic glaciers. D. The history of glacial research in the 20th century. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Slawek Tulaczyk正在研究是否可以通过冰川工程来防止或延缓海平面上升，他以Kamb冰流为例，阐述了其原理，同时也指出冰川工程并非万全之策。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中““Maybe the conclusion will be that we should not do it, or that we won’t be able to do it,” he says. But he believes that scientists should at least look into the possibility (他说：‘也许结论是我们不应该这么做，或者我们做不到。’但他认为，科学家至少应该研究一下这种可能性)”可知，Tulaczyk认为即使最后发现不能通过冰川工程来防止或延缓海平面上升，但至少应该尝试去研究，可推理出Tulaczyk认为做点什么总比从不尝试要好。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“A thin layer of liquid water lies under most glaciers, which lets them slide over rough beds of stone smoothly. (大多数冰川下面都有一层薄薄的液态水，这使得冰川能够顺利地在粗糙的石床上滑动。)”、第五段中“Tulaczyk and some others thought a loss of this water layer might have slowed Kamb.(Tulaczyk和其他一些人认为，这层水的流失可能减缓了Kamb冰流的速度)”以及“Like a river jumping its banks, that water seemed to have moved elsewhere.(就像河水漫过河岸一样，那些水似乎流到了别处)”可知，Kamb冰流流速变慢是因为其下面的水层消失了。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“He imagined drilling holes through a glacier and taking out the water below. This might eventually freeze the glacier to its bed, stopping the ice from moving for years or centuries.(他设想在冰川上钻孔，取出下面的水。这最终可能会将冰川冻结在基底上，使冰在数年或数个世纪内停止移动)”可知，Tulaczyk提出通过移除冰川下的水来阻止冰川流动。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“And even if humans stop producing climate-warming gases in the near future, this still might not prevent a breakdown(即使人类在不久的将来停止排放导致气候变暖的气体，这一过程仍可能无法阻止该冰川的崩溃)”、第二段“So a few scientists are studying whether glacial engineering could prevent or delay the sea-level rise.(因此，一些科学家正在研究冰川工程是否可以防止或延缓海平面上升)”、第五段中“He imagined drilling holes through a glacier and taking out the water below. This might eventually freeze the glacier to its bed, stopping the ice from moving for years or centuries.(他设想在冰川上钻孔，取出下面的水。这最终可能会将冰川冻结在基底上，使冰在数年或数个世纪内停止移动)”以及最后一段“Tulaczyk and others warn that glacial engineering would never be a silver bullet. Even if it saves Thwaites or other glaciers in Antarctica, it may not protect glaciers in the Arctic, where temperatures are warmer(图拉奇克等人警告称，冰川工程永远都不会是万能良策。即使它能挽救思韦茨冰川或南极洲的其他冰川，也可能无法保护北极地区的冰川——那里的气温更高)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家Slawek Tulaczyk正在研究是否可以通过冰川工程来防止或延缓海平面上升，也就是介绍了一种减缓海平面上升的潜在方法。故选B项。 9 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$