内容正文:
2026届高考英语语法填空常考点及解题技巧
考点一:提示词为动词,考查谓语动词
若句中没有其他的谓语动词,或者虽然有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,填空时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致,偶尔也有考查虚拟语气的情况。
时态的确定:1)根据句中的时间状语:
一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等;
一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等
现在完成时 since+时间点,in/over/for the past/last... years, in recent years, so far,,up to now等
过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., before+过去的时间等
2) 根据具并列关系
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3) 根据语境暗示
没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
4) 根据常用句式定时态
(1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时
(4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时
(5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
(7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
例句:
(2025全国一卷 )“The players' personalities 60 (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent, ” she adds. “A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent...
解析:60.are revealed 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空白处前是主语,空
白处作谓语。and连接两个并列句,后面用了一般现在时,空白处也应为一般现在时。主语 The players’ personalities 是复数形式,与reveal 之间是被动关系,故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填 are revealed。
61. tries 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空白处作谓语。根据空白处前
的 always 以及本段中的时态均为一般现在时可知,此处应用一般现在时,主语 A decent winner 为单数,与 try 之间是主动关系,故填 tries。
考点二:提示词为动词,考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,则所给动词应用非谓语动词形式。一般而言,动词-ing形式表示主动、进行;动词-ed形式表示被动、完成;动词不定式表示目的、将来、具体或一次性的动作。
解题时,要认真分析句子结构,确定句子成分。
1.作状语和定语时,找出非谓语的逻辑主语,判断动作是否发生,主动还是被动,动作已发生主动用doing(having done先于谓语动词发生且结束了),被动用done,动作没发生用to do,被动用to be done。
2.作宾语时,动作之后只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等;常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
介词之后只用doing.
3.作宾补时
1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。
2)使役动词:have sb/sth do/doing/done
make sb do/make oneself done
leave sb/sth to do/doing/done
3)with复合结构:to do,表示动作还未发生;doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;done,表示被动、动作已完成。
4.作主语:表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。
常用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:
①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth
5.作表语:表心理状态的词 -ed表示“人感到……”;-ing表示“令人……”
例句:
1.(2025全国一卷 )“We hope 58 (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
解析:to present 考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth 是固定搭配,故空白处填 to
present。
2.(2025全国二卷 )Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 62 (discover) one of the great
wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for
an entire day.
解析:. to discover 此处考查非谓语动词。chance 后接不定式作后置定语,the
chance to do sth 意为“去做某事的机会”。
考点三:提示词为动词,考查词性转换为名词或形容词
当所给提示词虽为动词,但既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时,就要考虑进行词性转换。做题时只需根据其所做句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。
例句:
1.(2025全国一卷 )“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 59 (guide)’ till they lose, ” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
解析:guidance 考查词性转换。根据空白处前 follow your 可知,形容词性物
主代词 your 后需接名词作 follow 的宾语,且分析句意可知,空白处所需名词应表示“引导”之意,故填 guidance。
2.(2024·新高考I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
解析:closed考查形容词。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
考点四:提示词为名词,考查名词的数与格及词形转换
所给词为名词时,常考查单复数的变化,此时应首先判断所给名词为可数名词还是不可数名词,再根据其修饰词来确定是否需要用复数。有时也考查名词的所有格,此时它应做定语,译作“……的”。 所给词为名词时,有时也考查词类转换,主要是名词变为形容词或动词。
例句:
1.(2025全国一卷 )Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 63 (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures...
解析: . strategic / strategical 考查词性转换。根据空白处前的 the 以及空白处后
的名词 placement 可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词,strategy 的形容词形式
为 strategic 或 strategical,后者的使用频率较低。
2. (2025全国二卷 )Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes ( 灌 木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 57 (center) heating doesn’t exist
解析: central 此处考查词性转换。空白处应用形容词作定语修饰 heating,故
填 central,central heating 意为“集中供暖(系统)”
考点五:提示词代词,考查代词的数、格或反身代词
所给词为代词时,分析句子结构,作主语,用主格形式;作宾语,用宾格形式;作定语,用形容词性物主代词;作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,则用反身代词。
(2025全国二卷 )Over time, I’ve found 60 (I) feeling extremely at home here.
解析: myself 此处考查代词。句意为:随着时间的推移,我发现自己在这里感
到无比自在。空白处与主语指同一人,表示“我自己”,故填反身代词 myself。
考点六:提示词为形容词或副词,考查形容词或副词的比较等级及词性转换
当提示词为形容词或副词时,常考查比较级和最高级。此时一般可根据所给提示词前后的than, by, far, even,the等比较等级中常出现的特殊词汇并结合语意去进行判断。
当所给提示词虽为形容词或副词且不是考查比较等级时,则应考虑形容词或副词的词性转换,一般常考查形容词变为副词或名词。做题时,除了根据句意进行判断外,主要应从其所作成分去考量。若空处作定语、表语,应考虑填形容词形式;若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,应考虑填副词形式;若空处在介词、冠词后,应考虑用名词。
例句:
1.(2025全国一卷 )Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 65 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
解析:digitally 考查词性转换。空白处修饰后面的 generated,来说明图形生成的方式,应用副词形式,故填 digitally.
2.(2025全国二卷 )The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
解析:absence 此处考查词性转换。根据定冠词 the 和 of smog 可知,此处应填 absent 的名词形式。
考点七:提示词为基数词,考查序数词或其他形式
提示词为基数词时,在the之后用序数词,注意几个特殊变化的序数词:one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth;整十基数词变序数词,把y变i再加eth:twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth
还有可能考查数词的固定搭配:in one’s+整十的基数词的复数,意为“在某人几十多岁时”以及hundreds/thousands/millions/ billions of
(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
解析:sixth考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
考点八:无提示词
1. 根据句子含义填冠词:若空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,则一般填冠词,有时还会考查冠词的固定搭配。
例句:
(2025全国一卷 )Go is one of 57 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games.
解析:the 考查冠词。空白处后的最高级 earliest 修饰名词 binary-based games,
当最高级后有修饰的名词时,最高级前需用定冠词 the。
2. 根据句子含义填介词:高考语法填空中对介词的考查侧重固定搭配或习惯用法,应注意平时多积累,多背诵。
例句:
1).(2025全国一卷 )“A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent 62 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.”
解析:by 考查介词。beat 意为“打败”,与 by 搭配意为“以……程度战胜某
人”。本句句意为:一位有风度的围棋胜者总是会尽量以不超过一两分的优
势战胜对手,以此表示对对手的尊重。
2).(2025全国二卷 )Nothing in my life before prepared me 58 this one.
解析: for 此处考查介词。prepare sb for sth 是固定搭配,意为“使某人为某
事做好准备”。
3. 根据句子含义填代词:当句子缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填入代词或名词。高考重点考察it作形式主语、形式宾语。
例句展示:
Besides,almost every country has made ________ a must that children learn English in schools and colleges.
解析:it 设空处为形式宾语,代替后面的that从句,故填it。
4. 根据句子含义填并列连词:当空格处前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时,空格处一般填并列连词。此时要根据前后部分的逻辑关系或固定句式去填and, but,however等。
例句:
1).(2025全国一卷 )Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, 64 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
解析:and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,三个名词短语 the balance between
the black and white pieces、the beauty in the ... placement of the pieces 和 the
energy flow following each move 为并列关系,故填 and。
2)(2025全国二卷 )But it’s amazing how you can adapt 59 learn in a new environment.
解析:and 此处考查连词。how you can 后是两个并列谓语动词 adapt 和
learn,故填 and。
5. 根据句子含义填定语从句关系代词或关系副词:先找到先行词,判断先行词在从句中充当什么成分。若定语从句缺少主语或宾语或定语,需用关系代词,若从句结构完整但缺少时间、地点、原因等状语成分,则使用关系副词。介词之后指人用whom,指事物用which,作定语用whose.
例句:
1.(2025全国一卷 )An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
解析:which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空白处前是完整的句子,再
根据空白处前的逗号以及空白处所在句缺主语可知,此处需要引导非限制性
定语从句且在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词 Go 是物,故填 which。
2.(2025全国二卷 )I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now,I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and
his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes ( 灌 木) grow wild in the
mountains
解析:where 此处考查定语从句。空白处所在句是一个含有非限制性定语从句
的复合句,the countryside of Zhejiang, China 作为先行词表示地点,空白
处在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词 where。
6.根据句子含义填名词性从句的引导词:
从句中缺什么意思填相应的特殊疑问词,什么都不缺填that, “是否”用whether,只有宾语从句中用that。
(2024·全国甲卷)How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 43 is now northwestern Wyoming.
解析:what考查宾语从句。句意:1870年9月中旬,在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚,四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松,这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺主语,指物,主语用what引导宾语从句,作介词in的宾语,故填what。
7.根据句子含义填状语从句的连词:
空处所在的句子作整个句子的状语时,应用状语从句的引导词,判断从句与主句之间的关系,用相应的连词。
状语从句的特殊句式:
(1)It will be+一段时间+before ...“多久以后才……”;It won't be+一段时间+before ...“用不了多久就……”。
(2)It is +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句=It has been +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句,“自从……以来,已经多长时间了”。
(3)whether ...or ...,疑问词+-ever,引导让步状语从句。
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)__________he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
解析:When考查时间状语从句的连词。句意:当他询问岸上的村民们他可以在什么地方找到传奇艺术家的时候,他们笑着指向河下。When引导时间状语从句,符合语境。
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