外刊拓维：10篇精读打开认知新维度 专练-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

外刊拓维： 10篇精读打开认知维度 目录 Issue1 小米的崛起之路：从手机到汽车的跨界 1 Issue 2 为什么走进乐高宝库的人都会热泪盈眶？ 13 Issue 3 好莱坞最爱的新反派：人工智能 24 Issue 4 我如何在 50 多岁时保持健康？ 34 Issue 7 孤独，靠多交朋友就能解决吗？ 66 Issue 8 超级明星困境 77 Issue 9 Z 世代为何痴迷大水杯？ 89 Issue 10 三个问题帮你提升决策的速度与质量 101 Issue1 小米的崛起之路：从手机到汽车的跨界 一、原文初探 The Rise of Xiaomi: A Cross-Border Legend from Smartphones to Automobiles Ever since he co-founded Xiaomi in 2010, Lei Jun, the chief executive of the Chinese tech giant, has pulled off feat after feat of salesmanship. A decade ago he earned a Guinness World Record for selling 2.1m smartphones online in 24 hours. Last month Xiaomi sold more than 200,000 of its first electric SUV, the YU7, within three minutes of bringing it onto the market. Only Apple and Samsung sell more smartphones worldwide. The company also peddles a vast array of devices that connect to its handsets, from air-conditioners and robo-vacuums to scooters and televisions. With the successful release of the YU7-its second electric vehicle (EV) after the SU7, a sporty sedan launched in March last year-Xiaomi has pulled off a feat that eluded Apple, which ditched plans to make its own EV after burning billions of dollars on the effort over a decade. Can anything stop its stunning ascent? Xiaomi's success in EVs is partly down to being in the right place at the right time. China these days is awash in carmaking know-how; Mr Lei was able to nab top talent from a number of other companies. Getting a factory approved and built can be done far more quickly in China than most other places. But Mr Lei also deserves plenty of credit. Insiders note that, unlike Apple's Tim Cook, he took personal control over his company's carmaking project. Success required deep changes to how the company operated. Prior to its foray into EVs, Xiaomi did not own factories; like Apple, it outsourced the production of its phones and other devices. Yet it chose to build its own EV factory in Beijing, which it is expanding, in order to ensure strict oversight. It is now adopting the approach elsewhere in its business: last year it began producing smartphones at another facility in Beijing, and it is building a plant in Wuhan where it will make other connected devices, starting with air-conditioners. 2、 阅读闯关 （一）阅读理解 1. How many of Xiaomi's first electric SUV, the YU7, were sold within three minutes? A. 2.1 million B. More than 200,000 C. 100,000 D. 20,000 【答案】B。细节理解题，根据第二段第一句 “Last month Xiaomi sold more than 200,000 of its first electric SUV, the YU7, within three minutes”，直接锁定答案。 易错点提示：注意区分选项中的数字单位（million 与 thousand），避免因粗心选错。 2. Why is Xiaomi more successful than Apple in making EVs? A. Apple has no experience in technology. B. Xiaomi has more money than Apple. C. Xiaomi has better timing and leadership. D. Apple doesn't care about the EV market. 【答案】C。推理判断题，根据第五段 “partly down to being in the right place at the right time”（时机好）和第六段 “Mr Lei also deserves plenty of credit... took personal control”（领导力强），可推断小米成功的原因是时机和领导力。A、B、D 均与原文不符。 解题技巧：通过原文中的因果信号（如 “down to”“because”）归纳推理依据，排除无依据的选项。 3. What does "ditched" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. continued B. abandoned C. started D. changed 【答案】B。词义猜测题，根据上下文 “after burning billions of dollars on the effort over a decade”（投入巨资却耗时十年），可推测苹果最终 “放弃” 了计划，因此 “ditched” 与 “abandoned” 同义。 猜词技巧：利用因果关系（投入多却无结果）推测词义，同类方法还包括通过同义词、语境描述等线索判断。 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Xiaomi's development and achievements in multiple fields B. How Lei Jun became a successful CEO C. The competition between Xiaomi and Apple D. The future of electric vehicles in China 【答案】A。主旨大意题，文章围绕小米展开，第一段讲销售成就，第二段讲手机和 SUV 销量，第三至八段讲电动汽车领域的突破及业务扩展，整体体现小米在多个领域的发展与成就。B、C、D 均为局部信息，并非主旨。 解题技巧：综合各段主题句（尤其首尾段），排除仅涉及部分内容的选项，归纳全文核心思想。 （二）语法填空 1. Xiaomi's success in EVs is partly down to being in the right place at the right time. China these days is ______ in carmaking know-how... A. empty B. poor C. awash D. short 【答案】C。词汇辨析题，根据 “核心词汇” 中 “awash” 的释义 “充斥的；丰富的”，结合语境 “中国有大量汽车制造知识”，可知选 “awash”。A（空的）、B（贫乏的）、D（短缺的）均与语境相反。 关联知识点：“awash in/with” 是固定搭配，意为 “充满……”，需注意与 “wash”（动词，洗）的区别。 2. Prior to its foray into EVs, Xiaomi did not own factories; ______, like Apple, it outsourced the production of its phones. A. however B. instead C. therefore D. besides 【答案】B。逻辑关系题，前句 “Xiaomi did not own factories”（没有工厂），后句 “it outsourced the production”（外包生产），前后为替代关系，故用 “instead”（相反；取而代之）。A（然而，转折）、C（因此，因果）、D（此外，递进）均不符合逻辑。 关联知识点：分号常用来连接语义紧密的并列句，需根据前后句关系选择合适的逻辑词。 （三）语言应用 1. 用 “nab” 的适当形式填空： The company ______ (nab) several top engineers from its competitors last year. 【答案】nabbed 解析：根据时间状语 “last year”（去年），可知用一般过去时，“nab” 的过去式为 “nabbed”。 易错点提示：注意 “nab” 的过去式变化（规则变化，直接加 “-ed”），避免误写为 “nabbled”。 2. 将原文句子 “Getting a factory approved and built can be done far more quickly in China than most other places.” 改写为： It is far ______ to get a factory approved and built in China than in most other places. 【答案】quicker 解析：原句中 “more quickly”（副词比较级）描述 “get a factory 3、 语点精析 （1） 核心词 feat 词性：n. 释义：功绩；壮举（an impressive achievement） 语境例句：Lei Jun has pulled off feat after feat in sales since founding Xiaomi. 搭配：accomplish a feat（完成壮举）；feat of strength（力量壮举） 同义词：achievement, exploit peddle 词性：v. 释义：兜售；贩卖（sell goods, especially by moving from place to place） 语境例句：Xiaomi peddles a variety of smart devices, including phones and air-conditioners. 同义词：sell, market, trade elude 词性：v. 释义：未被…… 获得；避开（escape from or avoid, especially by cleverness） 语境例句：The success eluded Apple despite its efforts to make EVs. 反义词：achieve, attain, reach ditch 词性：v. 释义：放弃；抛弃（abandon or get rid of something） 语境例句：Apple ditched its EV plans after spending too much money. 同义词：abandon, discard, quit ascent 词性：n. 释义：崛起；上升（the process of rising or becoming successful） 语境例句：Xiaomi's stunning ascent in the tech industry is impressive. 反义词：decline, descent awash 词性：adj. 释义：充斥的；丰富的（filled with a large amount of something） 语境例句：China is awash in carmaking technology and skilled workers. 搭配：awash with/in sth.（充满某物） 同义词：flooded, abundant nab 词性：v. 释义：获取；抓住（catch or seize, especially quickly） 语境例句：Mr Lei nabbed top talent from other companies to develop EVs. 同义词：grab, recruit, capture foray 词性：n. 释义：尝试；涉足（a short attempt to enter a new field） 语境例句：Xiaomi's foray into electric vehicles was very successful. 搭配：make a foray into（涉足…… 领域） outsource 词性：v. 释义：外包（send work to an outside company） 语境例句：Xiaomi outsourced phone production before building its own factories. 反义词：insource（内包） （2） 句型库 pull off 含义：成功完成（困难的事情） 替换表达：accomplish, succeed in doing 例句：The team pulled off a surprising victory in the competition. partly down to 含义：部分由于 替换表达：partly because of, partly due to 例句：His good grades are partly down to hard work. prior to 含义：在…… 之前 替换表达：before, earlier than 例句：Prior to the meeting, we need to prepare the documents. in order to 含义：为了 替换表达：so as to, to（不定式表目的） 例句：She studies hard in order to get into a good university. with 复合结构 原文例句：With the successful release of the YU7, Xiaomi has pulled off a feat... 结构：with + 名词 + 形容词 / 分词（作状语，表伴随 / 原因） 仿写：With the rain stopping, we decided to go for a walk. which 引导非限制性定语从句 原文例句：Apple, which ditched plans to make its own EV... 结构：which 指代先行词（Apple），补充说明，用逗号隔开 仿写：My hometown, which is a small city, has changed a lot. it 作形式主语 原文例句：It is now adopting the approach elsewhere in its business... 结构：it 作形式主语，指代后文的动作（adopting the approach） 仿写：It is important to learn English well. （3） 语法点 · 现在完成时 原文例句：Ever since he co-founded Xiaomi in 2010, Lei Jun... has pulled off feat after feat. 用法分析：现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，或对现在有影响。标志词 “ever since”（自从…… 以来）明确动作起点（2010 年），强调 “pull off feat” 这一动作持续至今。 考点提示：区分与一般过去时的差异 —— 现在完成时强调 “与现在的联系”（如 “has pulled off” 暗示成就延续到现在），一般过去时仅表示过去的动作（如 “co-founded” 仅说明过去的创办行为）。 · 过去分词作定语 原文例句：a sporty sedan launched in March last year 用法分析：“launched in March last year” 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “sedan”，表示被动（轿车被发布）和完成（动作已在去年发生）。 考点提示：对比现在分词作定语（表主动 / 进行，如 “the boy running on the playground”），避免混淆两种非谓语形式的用法。 （4） 长难句 1. With the successful release of the YU7-its second electric vehicle (EV) after the SU7, a sporty sedan launched in March last year-Xiaomi has pulled off a feat that eluded Apple, which ditched plans to make its own EV after burning billions of dollars on the effort over a decade. 成分分析： · 状语：With the successful release of the YU7（with 复合结构，表伴随） · 插入语：its second electric vehicle... last year（补充说明 YU7 的身份，其中 “launched in March last year” 是过去分词短语修饰 “sedan”） · 主句：Xiaomi has pulled off a feat · 定语从句 1：that eluded Apple（修饰 “feat”，说明是苹果未实现的成就） · 定语从句 2：which ditched... over a decade（修饰 “Apple”，补充苹果的行为及原因） 释义：随着小米第二款电动汽车 YU7（继去年 3 月推出的跑车型轿车 SU7 之后）的成功发布，小米实现了苹果公司未能达成的成就 —— 苹果在十年间投入数十亿美元研发电动汽车后，最终放弃了这一计划。 2. Success required deep changes to how the company operated. Prior to its foray into EVs, Xiaomi did not own factories; like Apple, it outsourced the production of its phones and other devices. 成分分析： · 第一句：简单句，主干为 “Success required deep changes”，“to how the company operated” 作后置定语，修饰 “changes” · 第二句：由分号连接的并列句，前半句说明小米过去没有工厂，后半句说明其生产模式（外包） 释义：成功需要对公司的运营方式进行深刻变革。在涉足电动汽车领域之前，小米没有自己的工厂；和苹果公司一样，它将手机及其他设备的生产外包了出去。 4、 拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 雷军自 2010 年创立小米以来取得了许多成就。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 为了确保质量，小米决定自建电动汽车工厂。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Lei Jun has made many achievements since he founded Xiaomi in 2010. 2. To ensure quality, Xiaomi decided to build its own electric vehicle factory. （2） 汉译英 1. Only Apple and Samsung sell more smartphones worldwide than Xiaomi. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. China these days is awash in carmaking know-how, which helps Xiaomi develop EVs quickly. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. 在全球范围内，只有苹果和三星的智能手机销量超过小米。 2. 如今的中国拥有丰富的汽车制造专业知识，这帮助小米快速研发电动汽车。 5、 全文译通 小米的崛起之路：从手机到汽车的跨界 自 2010 年联合创办小米以来，这家中国科技巨头的首席执行官雷军屡屡创下销售奇迹。十年前，他因在 24 小时内网上售出 210 万台智能手机而获得吉尼斯世界纪录。 上个月，小米首款电动 SUV 车型 YU7 上市三分钟内销量就突破了 20 万辆。全球范围内，只有苹果和三星的智能手机销量超过它。该公司还出售大量可连接其手机的设备，从空调、扫地机器人到滑板车和电视机。 随着小米第二款电动汽车 YU7（继去年 3 月推出的跑车型轿车 SU7 之后）的成功发布，小米实现了苹果公司未能达成的成就 —— 苹果在十年间投入数十亿美元研发电动汽车后，最终放弃了这一计划。 有什么能阻止它惊人的崛起吗？ 小米在电动汽车领域的成功部分得益于天时地利。如今的中国有海量的汽车制造专业知识，雷先生得以从多家公司挖来顶尖人才。在中国，工厂获批和建成的速度比大多数其他地方快得多。 但雷先生同样功不可没。知情人士指出，与苹果公司的蒂姆・库克不同，他亲自把控公司的造车项目。 成功需要对公司的运营方式进行深刻变革。在涉足电动汽车领域之前，小米没有自己的工厂；和苹果公司一样，它将手机及其他设备的生产外包了出去。然而，为确保严格监管，该公司选择在北京自建电动汽车工厂（并正在扩建）。 该公司目前正在其他业务部门采用这一方法：去年开始在北京的另一家工厂生产智能手机，并在武汉新建一座工厂，该工厂将生产其他联网设备，首先从空调开始。 Issue 2 为什么走进乐高宝库的人都会热泪盈眶？ 1、 原文初探 Why do people well up when they step into Lego's Vault? There is a locked room in Lego's corporate museum, in Billund in Denmark, which is called the Vault. It is a large space, filled with shelves that are arranged in chronological order, starting in 1958 and stretching towards the present day. Between them, the shelves contain around 10,000 sets of Lego. The Vault is used by the toymaker's designers as a source of inspiration, but its effect on first-time visitors is what makes the room remarkable. It's impossible not to seek out sets from your own childhood, not to be drawn back to an earlier version of yourself and, for lots of people, not to well up. Visiting Lego's vault is a chance to experience the emotional power of a much-loved brand. Marketing experts have a whole taxonomy to describe the ties that bind customers and brands. In a recent review of the literature, Claudio Alvarez, Meredith David and Morris George of Baylor University identify five types of connection that have been the subject of concerted study. The feeling that every marketing manager dreams of eliciting is "brand love". This goes well beyond a belief in the quality of a firm's products to include things like emotional attachment, feelings of passion, frequent use, a strong sense of identification with a brand and more. The flip side of brand love is "brand hate", a reaction that might reflect bad experiences with a product, a strong dislike of a brand's values or simply a rivalry with a loved brand. The three other types of consumer-brand connection identified by Mr Alvarez and his co-authors are "communal relationships", in which people feel a sense of obligation or concern for a brand (local stores can often fit into this category); "brand addiction", often characterised by uncontrollable urges to buy a firm's products and services; and "brand friendships", to denote positive feelings that fall somewhere short of love. Some of this taxonomy can feel a bit forced. But the idea of gradations of attachment rings true; how people feel about a brand determines their behaviour. Vivek Astvansh of McGill University and his co-authors found that people are more likely to report safety incidents when they believe a brand is well-intentioned than when they do not. The reason? They want to provide feedback that can help it to solve the problem. If managers know what kind of connection a brand is likely to have with its customers, the bricks of a marketing strategy will fall into place. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What is the Vault in Lego's museum filled with? A. Old photos of Lego's history B. Around 10,000 sets of Lego C. Designs by famous toy makers D. Awards won by Lego over the years 【答案】B。细节理解题，根据第二段第一句 “Between them, the shelves contain around 10,000 sets of Lego”，直接可知宝库中摆满了约 1 万套乐高积木。A、C、D 均未在原文提及。 解题技巧：细节题需定位题干关键词（如 “Vault”“filled with”），在原文中找到对应信息即可。 2. Why do people well up when visiting the Vault? A. They feel sorry for not keeping their childhood toys. B. They are moved by memories of their childhood. C. The room is too crowded and makes them uncomfortable. D. They are surprised by the large number of Lego sets. 【答案】B。推理判断题，根据第二段 “not to be drawn back to an earlier version of yourself and, for lots of people, not to well up”，可推断人们因回忆起童年而感动落泪。A（为没保留玩具遗憾）、C（房间拥挤）、D（惊讶于数量）均不符合语境。 解题技巧：推理题需结合上下文情感线索（如 “drawn back to an earlier version of yourself”），推断行为背后的原因。 3. What does "eliciting" in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. hiding B. destroying C. evoking D. ignoring 【答案】C。词义猜测题，根据上下文 “every marketing manager dreams of eliciting is 'brand love'”，可知营销经理希望 “唤起” 消费者对品牌的热爱，因此 “eliciting” 与 “evoking”（唤起）同义。A（隐藏）、B（破坏）、D（忽视）均不符合语境。 解题技巧：通过因果关系（经理的目标是让消费者产生品牌热爱）推测词义，注意结合动词与宾语的搭配逻辑。 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of Lego and its museum B. Different types of consumer-brand connections C. How to build a successful toy brand D. The importance of brand loyalty in marketing 【答案】B。主旨大意题，文章以乐高为例，引出消费者与品牌的情感纽带，随后详细介绍了五种类型（品牌热爱、厌恶、集体关系、成瘾、友情），核心是不同类型的消费者与品牌关系。A（乐高历史）、C（如何打造成功品牌）、D（品牌忠诚度的重要性）均为局部信息。 解题技巧：主旨题需综合全文结构（引入 + 分类介绍），排除仅涉及例子或细节的选项。 （二）语法填空 1. The shelves are arranged in ______ order, starting in 1958 and stretching towards the present day. A. chronological B. random C. similar D. special 【答案】A。根据 “核心词汇” 中 “chronological” 的释义 “按时间顺序的”，结合语境 “starting in 1958 and stretching towards the present day”，可知架子按时间顺序排列。B（随机的）、C（相似的）、D（特别的）均不符合逻辑。 关联知识点：“chronological order” 是固定搭配，意为 “时间顺序”，需注意与 “random”（随机的）区分。 2. The Vault is used by designers as a source of inspiration, ______ its effect on first-time visitors is what makes it remarkable. A. so B. but C. or D. for 【答案】B。前句 “设计师将其用作灵感来源” 与后句 “对初次参观者的影响使其非凡” 为转折关系，故用 “but”。A（因此，因果）、C（或者，选择）、D（因为，因果）均 （三）语言应用 1. 用“identify”的适当形式填空：The researchers ______ (identify) five types of consumer-brand connections in their study. 【答案】identified （解析：句子描述的是研究人员在研究中完成的动作，结合语境 “in their study” 可知用一般过去时，“identify” 的过去式为 “identified”。） 2. 将原文句子“It's impossible not to seek out sets from your own childhood.” 改写为： People ______ seek out sets from their own childhood. 【答案】can't help but （解析：原句 “It's impossible not to...” 意为 “忍不住做某事”，与 “can't help but do sth.” 表意一致，改写后保持句意不变，符合句型转换要求。） 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 chronological 词性：adj. 释义：按时间顺序的（arranged in the order in which events happened） 语境例句：The shelves are arranged in chronological order, starting in 1958. 搭配：chronological order（时间顺序）；反义词：random remarkable 词性：adj. 释义：非凡的；显著的（unusual or impressive） 语境例句：Its effect on first-time visitors is what makes the room remarkable. 同义词：notable, extraordinary；反义词：ordinary well up 词性：v. 短语 释义：（眼泪）涌出（of tears, to come into one's eyes） 语境例句：Lots of people cannot help but well up when visiting the Vault. 拓展：well up with emotion（因情绪激动而热泪盈眶） taxonomy 词性：n. 释义：分类体系（a system for classifying things） 语境例句：Marketing experts have a whole taxonomy to describe brand ties. 搭配：biological taxonomy（生物分类学） elicit 词性：v. 释义：唤起；引出（to draw out a response or information from someone） 语境例句：Every marketing manager dreams of eliciting "brand love". 同义词：evoke, draw out flip side 词性：n. 短语 释义：对立面；反面（the opposite side or aspect） 语境例句：The flip side of brand love is "brand hate". 替换表达：opposite, reverse communal 词性：adj. 释义：集体的；共同的（shared by a group of people） 语境例句："Communal relationships" mean people feel concern for a brand. 搭配：communal life（集体生活）；同义词：collective addiction 词性：n. 释义：成瘾；沉迷（the state of being unable to stop doing or using something） 语境例句："Brand addiction" is characterised by uncontrollable urges to buy. 搭配：addiction to sth.（对…… 成瘾）；形容词：addictive denote 词性：v. 释义：表示；指代（to be a sign of something） 语境例句："Brand friendships" denote positive feelings short of love. 同义词：indicate, signify gradation 词性：n. 释义：等级；层次（a small difference in degree between things） 语境例句：The idea of gradations of attachment rings true. 搭配：gradations of colour（色彩的层次） （2） 句型库 be filled with 含义：充满…… 替换表达：be full of 例句：The room is filled with old books and photos. a source of 含义：…… 的来源 替换表达：a origin of 例句：Her experiences are a source of inspiration for her writing. go well beyond 含义：远远超出 替换表达：be far more than 例句：His kindness goes well beyond simple politeness. fit into 含义：属于；符合 替换表达：belong to, fall into 例句：This book fits into the category of science fiction. characterised by 含义：以…… 为特征 替换表达：marked by 例句：The region is characterised by its beautiful lakes. fall short of 含义：未达到；不足 替换表达：be less than 例句：His achievements fall short of his parents' expectations. ring true 含义：听起来真实；有道理 替换表达：sound true, make sense 例句：Her explanation of the incident rings true. fall into place 含义：各就各位；明朗化 替换表达：come together, make sense 例句：Once we found the key clue, everything fell into place. （3） 语法点 · 定语从句 原文例句：There is a locked room in Lego's corporate museum... which is called the Vault. 用法分析：which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 “a locked room”，补充说明房间的名称，从句与主句用逗号隔开。 考点提示：区分限制性定语从句（无逗号，不可省略，如 “the book that I bought”）与非限制性定语从句（有逗号，可省略，如 “the book, which is new”）。 · it 作形式主语 原文例句：It's impossible not to seek out sets from your own childhood. 用法分析：it 作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 “not to seek out... childhood”，避免句子头重脚轻。 考点提示：常见结构为 “It + be + 形容词 + 不定式”，如 “It is important to study hard”；注意与强调句（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who）的区别。 （4） 长难句 1. It is a large space, filled with shelves that are arranged in chronological order, starting in 1958 and stretching towards the present day. 成分分析： · 主句：It is a large space · 过去分词短语作定语：filled with shelves（修饰 “space”，表被动） · 定语从句：that are arranged in chronological order（修饰 “shelves”，说明架子的排列方式） · 现在分词短语作状语：starting... and stretching...（补充说明时间范围，表主动） 释义：这是一个宽敞的空间，里面摆满了按时间顺序排列的架子，从 1958 年开始，一直延续到今天。 2. The three other types of consumer-brand connection identified by Mr Alvarez and his co-authors are "communal relationships", in which people feel a sense of obligation or concern for a brand (local stores can often fit into this category); "brand addiction", often characterised by uncontrollable urges to buy a firm's products and services; and "brand friendships", to denote positive feelings that fall somewhere short of love. 成分分析： · 主句：The three other types... are "communal relationships"; "brand addiction"; and "brand friendships"（主系表结构，表语为三个并列的名词短语） · 过去分词短语作定语：identified by...（修饰 “connection”，表被动） · 非限制性定语从句：in which people feel...（修饰 “communal relationships”，说明集体关系的特征） · 插入语：(local stores... category)（补充说明例子） · 过去分词短语作定语：characterised by...（修饰 “brand addiction”） · 不定式短语作定语：to denote...（修饰 “brand friendships”） · 定语从句：that fall... love（修饰 “feelings”） 释义：阿尔瓦雷斯及其合著者发现的另外三种消费者与品牌的纽带关系分别是 “集体关系”—— 即人们对品牌怀有责任感或关切感（本地商店通常属于此类）；“品牌成瘾”—— 通常表现为无法控制地想要购买企业的产品和服务；以及 “品牌友情”—— 指未达到热爱程度的积极情感。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 乐高博物馆里的 “宝库” 按时间顺序展示了其历史。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 消费者与品牌之间的情感联系会影响他们的购买行为。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 1. The "Vault" in the Lego Museum displays its history in chronological order. 2. The emotional connection between consumers and brands can influence their purchasing behavior. （2） 汉译英 1. The emotional power of a loved brand can bring back childhood memories. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Brand love includes not only trust in quality but also strong emotional attachment. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 1. 一个深受喜爱的品牌所蕴含的情感力量能够唤起童年回忆。 2. 品牌热爱不仅包括对品质的信任，还包括强烈的情感依恋。 五、全文译通 为什么走进乐高宝库的人都会热泪盈眶？ 乐高在丹麦比隆镇的企业博物馆里有一个上锁的房间，被称为 “宝库”。这是一个宽敞的空间，里面摆满了按时间顺序排列的架子，从 1958 年开始，一直延伸到今天。 这些架子上共有约 1 万套乐高积木。宝库被乐高设计师们用作灵感来源，但它对初次参观者产生的影响才是这个房间的非凡之处。没人能忍住不去寻找自己童年时期的那套积木、不去回忆起曾经的自己，许多人也忍不住热泪盈眶。 参观乐高宝库让人有机会体验到一个深受喜爱的品牌有何种情感力量。市场营销专家有一套完整的分类体系，用于描述消费者与品牌之间的各种情感纽带。 在近期的一篇文献综述中，贝勒大学的克劳迪奥・阿尔瓦雷斯、梅雷迪思・戴维、莫里斯・乔治归纳出五种被共同研究的纽带类型。 每位营销经理做梦都想唤起的一种感受是 “品牌热爱”。这种爱远不止信任一家公司产品的质量，还包括情感依恋、激情感受、高频使用、对品牌的强烈认同感等等。 品牌热爱的反面是 “品牌厌恶”，这种反应可能表明对产品有不好的体验、对品牌价值观的强烈反感，或仅仅是与所爱品牌的竞争关系。 阿尔瓦雷斯及其合著者发现的另外三种消费者与品牌的纽带关系分别是 “集体关系”，即人们对品牌怀有责任感或关切感（本地商店通常属于此类）；“品牌成瘾”，特征为无法控制地想要购买企业的产品和服务；“品牌友情”，即未达到热爱程度的积极情感。 这种分类有时会让人觉得有点牵强。但是依恋程度的分级确实有道理，人们对品牌的感觉决定了他们的行为。 麦吉尔大学的维韦克・阿斯万什及其合著者发现，当人们认为某品牌心怀善意时，他们报告安全事件的可能性比不这么认为时更高。原因何在？因为他们想提供反馈，帮助企业解决问题。 如果管理者知道品牌与顾客之间可能有何种情感联系，那么营销策略的一块块 “积木” 就会被放置到正确的位置上。 《外刊拓维2026》 10篇精读打开认知新维度 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Issue 3 好莱坞最爱的新反派：人工智能 1、 原文初探 Hollywood's new favourite villain: artificial intelligence You can glean a lot about America and the world from whom Hollywood chooses as its baddies. During the cold war, the villains were often rogue Russian generals; during the war on terror, they were jihadists from the Middle East. Lately, however, Tinseltown has turned its attention to technology. It seems Hollywood's screenwriters are "doomers" when it comes to artificial intelligence, believing it poses an existential threat to humanity. Ask anyone in the TikTok generation to name their favourite AI baddie, and they are bound to pick the titular anti-heroine of "M3GAN", a tongue-in-cheek science-fiction slasher film about a sentient life-sized doll. Much of the film's macabre appeal comes from the contrast between the robot's innocent appearance and its capacity for gruesome murder. This contrast was encapsulated in a clip of M3GAN dancing before grabbing a blade. The scene went viral and helped the film to box-office success in 2023: it grossed more than $180m worldwide, from a production budget of $12m. A sequel was inevitable. So was its title: "M3GAN 2.0". The conceit of the first film was that a product designer, Gemma, built M3GAN as a playmate for her orphaned niece Cady. Programmed to protect Cady, the android took the task to homicidal extremes, and so, one killing spree later, it was consigned to the scrapheap. In the sequel, Gemma's technology has been stolen by a defence contractor and used to develop another, even more destructive, military-grade robot called AMELIA. The only person-or non-person-who can defeat it is a refurbished, upgraded M3GAN. "M3GAN 2.0" is something of an upgrade, too. Both films are written and directed by Gerard Johnstone, but he does not repeat the first film's creepiness, nor its meme-worthy dancing. Instead of turning out another horror film, he has made an over-the-top satire, skewering the world's dependence on technology. The sequel finds sly humour in everything from mobile-phone apps to self-driving cars and voice-activated virtual assistants in the home. Viewers will not want to live with M3GAN. But, this film implies, they cannot live without her either. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What made "M3GAN" a box-office success in 2023? A. Its high production budget B. The viral clip of M3GAN dancing C. The director's reputation D. The sequel's early announcement 【答案】B。细节理解题，根据原文第 5 段 “The scene went viral and helped the film to box-office success in 2023” 可知，电影的爆红片段（梅根跳舞）助力其票房成功。A 项与原文 “production budget of $12m” 矛盾；C、D 项文中未提及。 易错点提示：注意区分 “production budget”（制作预算）与票房成功的因果关系，原文明确是 “viral clip” 起作用。 2. What can we infer about "M3GAN 2.0" from the passage? A. It is a horror film like the first one B. It focuses on M3GAN's dancing scenes C. It criticizes people's over-reliance on technology D. It tells a story about a peaceful robot 【答案】C。推理判断题，原文第 8 段提到续集 “skewering the world's dependence on technology”，即讽刺世界对科技的依赖，与 C 项一致。A 项错误，续集是 “satire” 而非恐怖片；B 项错误，续集未重复舞蹈片段；D 项错误，机器人具有破坏性。 解题技巧：通过信号词 “instead of”“skewering” 判断续集的性质和主题。 3. The underlined word "macabre" in Paragraph 4 probably means ______. A. funny B. terrifying C. boring D. confusing 【答案】B。词义猜测题，根据后文 “contrast between...innocent appearance and...gruesome murder”（天真外表与残忍杀戮的对比），可推测 “macabre” 意为 “恐怖的”，与 “gruesome” 近义。A（有趣的）、C（无聊的）、D（困惑的）均不符合语境。 解题技巧：通过上下文的对比关系（innocent vs gruesome）推断词义。 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The development of AI technology in films B. Hollywood's recent focus on AI as villains, with "M3GAN" as an example C. The success of horror films in Hollywood D. The difference between "M3GAN" and its sequel 【答案】B。主旨大意题，文章开篇指出好莱坞近期将人工智能作为反派，随后以《梅根》及其续集为例展开说明，B 项涵盖这一核心内容。A 项 “AI 技术发展” 非重点；C 项 “恐怖片成功” 片面；D 项 “两部电影差异” 是细节，非主旨。 （2） 语法填空 1. The android took the task to homicidal extremes, and so, one killing spree later, it was ______ to the scrapheap. A. sent B. carried C. thrown D. consigned 【答案】D 解析：“consign to the scrapheap” 是文中原短语，意为 “扔进废料堆”，强调 “正式交付处理”。A（send）、C（throw）虽有 “送 / 扔” 义，但 “consign” 更贴合语境中对机器人的 “处理” 意味；B（carry）不符合搭配。 关联词汇拓展：consign 还可用于 “consign sb to prison”（把某人送进监狱）等搭配。 2. Lately, ______, Tinseltown has turned its attention to technology. A. besides B. however C. therefore D. moreover 【答案】B 解析：前文讲好莱坞过去的反派（俄罗斯将军、圣战分子），后文讲现在转向科技，存在转折关系，故用 “however”。A（此外）、C（因此）、D（而且）均不符合逻辑。 回顾文章同类结构：第 8 段 “but he does not repeat...” 也用 “but” 表转折。 （3） 语言应用 1. 用“existential”的适当形式填空： The problem poses an ______ threat to our survival. 【答案】existential 解析：此处需用形容词修饰 “threat”，“existential threat” 为固定搭配，意为 “生存威胁”，对应文中 “poses an existential threat to humanity”。 易错点提示：注意 “existential” 是形容词，不要误写为名词 “existence”。 2. 将 “This contrast was encapsulated in a clip of M3GAN dancing” 改写为 A clip of M3GAN dancing ______ this contrast. 【答案】encapsulated 解析：原句为被动语态 “was encapsulated”，转换后主语变为动作执行者（a clip），故用主动语态 “encapsulated”，保持句意一致。 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 villain /ˈvɪlən/ n. 反派角色；坏人（=baddie） 例句：The film's villain is a cruel AI robot. glean /ɡliːn/ v. 搜集；筛选出（信息等） 例句：We can glean important details from the report. existential /ˌeɡzɪˈstenʃl/ adj. 生存的；存在主义的 搭配：existential threat（生存威胁） 例句：AI is seen as an existential risk by some people. sentient /ˈsentiənt/ adj. 有感知能力的；有感觉的 例句：The novel describes a sentient robot with human emotions. macabre /məˈkɑːbrə/ adj. 恐怖的；令人毛骨悚然的（=gruesome） 例句：The film's macabre scenes shocked the audience. inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ adj. 不可避免的；必然发生的 反义词：avoidable 例句：A sequel to the popular film was inevitable. refurbish /ˌriːˈfɜːbɪʃ/ v. 翻新；整修 例句：The old robot was refurbished and given new functions. satire /ˈsætaɪə(r)/ n. 讽刺作品；讽刺 例句：The play is a satire on modern society. sly /slaɪ/ adj. 狡猾的；暗中的 例句：He smiled a sly smile when he heard the news. consign /kənˈsaɪn/ v. 把…… 置于（某地）；交付 搭配：consign to the scrapheap（扔进废料堆） 例句：The broken machine was consigned to the warehouse. （2） 句型库 when it comes to  当提到……；涉及…… 替换表达：as for；in terms of 例句：When it comes to AI, people have different opinions. be bound to  一定会；必然会 例句：You are bound to succeed if you work hard. turn one's attention to  把注意力转向…… 替换表达：focus on；concentrate on 例句：The company turned its attention to new technology. instead of  代替；而不是 例句：Instead of going out, we stayed at home. something of  有几分；在某种程度上 例句：He is something of an expert in this field. It seems that...  似乎……；好像…… 结构：It 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句 仿写：It seems that she knows the truth. A is to B what C is to D  A 对 B 而言就像 C 对 D 一样（文中未直接出现，为拓展句型） 仿写：AI is to the future what electricity is to modern life. （3） 语法点 · 过去分词作定语 例句：Programmed to protect Cady, the android took the task to homicidal extremes. 解析：“Programmed to protect Cady” 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “the android”，表示被动（机器人被编程）。 考点：区分过去分词（表被动 / 完成）与现在分词（表主动 / 进行）作定语的用法。 · 非谓语动词作状语 例句：Instead of turning out another horror film, he has made an over-the-top satire. 解析：“turning out another horror film” 是动名词短语作介词 “instead of” 的宾语，表动作。 考点：动名词作宾语的常见搭配（如 instead of doing, devote to doing）。 （4） 长难句 1. Much of the film's macabre appeal comes from the contrast between the robot's innocent appearance and its capacity for gruesome murder. 句子成分： 主语：Much of the film's macabre appeal · 谓语：comes from · 宾语：the contrast · 定语：between the robot's innocent appearance and its capacity for gruesome murder（修饰 “contrast”） 释义：这部电影的恐怖吸引力很大程度上源于机器人天真的外表和其残忍杀戮能力之间的反差。 2. Both films are written and directed by Gerard Johnstone, but he does not repeat the first film's creepiness, nor its meme-worthy dancing. 句子成分： · 前半句：Both films（主语）+ are written and directed（谓语，被动语态）+ by Gerard Johnstone（动作执行者） · 后半句：he（主语）+ does not repeat（谓语）+ the first film's creepiness, nor its meme-worthy dancing（宾语，“nor” 表否定并列） 释义：两部电影均由热拉尔・约翰斯通编剧并执导，但他既没有重复第一部电影的诡异氛围，也没有再现被网络疯传的舞蹈片段。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 好莱坞的编剧们认为人工智能对人类构成了生存威胁。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这部续集讽刺了人们对科技的过度依赖。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Hollywood's screenwriters believe that artificial intelligence poses an existential threat to humanity. 2. The sequel satirizes people's over-reliance on technology. （2） 汉译英 1. The scene went viral and helped the film to box-office success. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The only person who can defeat the robot is the upgraded M3GAN. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. 这段场景在网络上疯传，助力该片取得票房成功。 2. 唯一能击败这个机器人的是升级后的梅根。 6、 全文译通 好莱坞最爱的新反派：人工智能 从好莱坞选择谁来扮演坏蛋，你可以窥见关于美国和世界的许多真相。冷战期间，反派通常是暴戾的俄罗斯将军；反恐战争期间，反派又变成了来自中东的圣战分子。 然而最近，星光之城好莱坞将目光转向了科技领域。好莱坞的编剧们似乎对人工智能持 “末日论” 态度，认为它对人类构成生存威胁。 如果让 TikTok 一代选出他们最爱的人工智能反派，那么他们一定会提名《梅根》中的同名反英雄女主角，这部带有戏谑风格的科幻惊悚片讲述了一个具有自我意识的真人大小玩偶的故事。 这部电影的恐怖吸引力很大程度上源自机器人天真无邪的外表与其残忍杀戮能力之间的强烈反差。这种反差在梅根跳着舞然后抓起一把刀的片段中体现得淋漓尽致。 这段场景在网络上疯传，助力该片在 2023 年取得票房成功：制作预算仅 1200 万美元，全球票房却超过 1.8 亿美元。续集的拍摄势在必行，片名也顺理成章地定为《梅根 2.0》。 第一部电影的设定是，产品设计师珍玛为失去双亲的侄女凯蒂制造了梅根，作为她的玩伴。被编程设定为保护凯蒂的这个机器人，将这项任务执行到了杀人的极端程度，因此，在一场杀戮狂欢之后，它被扔进了废料堆。 在续集中，珍玛的技术被一家国防承包商窃取，用于开发另一款更具破坏性的军用级机器人 —— 阿米莉亚。唯一能击败它的 “人”—— 或者说非人类 —— 是经过翻新升级的梅根。 《梅根 2.0》在某种程度上也是一次升级。两部电影均由热拉尔・约翰斯通编剧并执导，但他既没有重复第一部电影的诡异氛围，也没有再现那支被制成表情包的舞蹈片段。他没有再拍一部恐怖片，而是拍了一部夸张的讽刺作品，尖锐地抨击了世界对科技的依赖。 这部续集从手机应用程序到自动驾驶汽车，再到家用声控虚拟助手，在所有事物中都挖掘出了狡黠的幽默。观众绝对不想和梅根一起生活。但这部电影暗示，观众同样也离不开她。 Issue 4 我如何在 50 多岁时保持健康？ 1、 原文初探 How do I stay healthy in my 50s? People in their 50s can be prone to a "vicious cycle", says Nathan LeBrasseur, director of the Mayo Clinic's Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging. The high-stress grind of work and family responsibilities can lead to days when exercise, a solid meal and good sleep are bonuses rather than givens. When such days become the norm, "we can see health issues start to emerge, sometimes earlier than they should", says LeBrasseur. "The beautiful thing is that we have such powerful control over the ageing process," he says. "There is plasticity to ageing." Ageing isn't something that simply starts after you've reached a certain year, says LeBrasseur. It's a lifelong process, and in midlife, your health needs can change. While all bodies age, it is "not a one-size-fits-all phenomenon", explains Chhanda Dutta, chief of the clinical gerontology branch at the National Institute on Aging (NIA). Accordingly, there is no standard way to age. Even if two people have similar issues later in life, the pathways and factors that led them there can vary significantly. LeBrasseur describes ageing as "wear and tear on the cells and molecules in the body". The accumulation of these changes increases the risk of ageing-related diseases, eventually leading to the body's decline. Biological age is a measure of these cellular and molecular changes over time. It captures how old your body appears based on biomarkers, like telomere length, and how well your body is functioning. Biological age is a better measure of healthspan, or years of generally good health, than chronological age, or how many years you've been alive. The difference between these two measures explains why one 50-year-old might seem younger than another. Exercise is crucial. "The two biggest midlife health risks are that we're not active enough and we don't make dietary changes that help us age in a healthier manner," says Dutta. She recommends diverse physical activity that hits four critical areas: endurance, cardio, flexibility and balance. It's important to enjoy what you're doing -- if you don't like running on a treadmill, you won't stick with it. Go for a hike or take a dance class instead. Progressive resistance training, yoga and tai chi are excellent for people who are especially concerned about muscle loss, says Dutta. Social connectedness and meaningful relationships are also crucial for healthy ageing, says LeBrasseur. It's never too soon to start adopting healthy habits that protect against ageing, and consistency is key, LeBrasseur explains. "What you do in a week isn't going to make a huge difference, but what you do over the course of years will," he says. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What are the two biggest midlife health risks according to Dutta? A. Poor sleep and high stress B. Lack of exercise and no dietary changes C. Muscle loss and weak balance D. Few social relationships and aging cells 【答案】B。细节理解题，根据原文第 9 段 Dutta 的话 “The two biggest midlife health risks are that we're not active enough and we don't make dietary changes...” 可知，两大风险是缺乏运动和未调整饮食。A、C、D 项均不符合原文描述。 易错点提示：注意区分 “midlife health risks” 与其他健康问题（如肌肉流失、压力大），原文明确提及 “not active enough” 和 “don't make dietary changes”。 2. Why might one 50-year-old seem younger than another? A. Because they have different chronological ages B. Because their biological ages differ C. Because they do different types of exercise D. Because they have different family responsibilities 【答案】B。推理判断题，原文第 8 段提到 “The difference between these two measures（biological age and chronological age）explains why one 50-year-old might seem younger than another”，即生物年龄与实际年龄的差异导致外表差异，因此 B 项正确。A 项错误，两人实际年龄均为 50 岁；C、D 项是影响因素，但非直接原因。 解题技巧：通过信号词 “explains why” 定位因果关系，明确是两种年龄的差异导致现象。 3. The underlined phrase "wear and tear" in Paragraph 6 probably means ______. A. gradual damage from use over time B. sudden changes in body structure C. quick recovery from illnesses D. regular maintenance of cells 【答案】A。词义猜测题，根据后文 “The accumulation of these changes increases the risk of ageing-related diseases” 可知，“wear and tear” 指细胞和分子随时间逐渐受损，与 A 项 “长期使用导致的逐渐损坏” 一致。B（身体结构突然变化）、C（快速康复）、D（细胞定期维护）均不符合语境。 解题技巧：结合上下文 “ageing”“accumulation of changes” 等词推断 “磨损” 的含义。 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to calculate biological age in the 50s B. The difference between biological and chronological age C. Advice on staying healthy in one's 50s D. The causes of aging-related diseases 【答案】C。主旨大意题，文章开篇以 “How do I stay healthy in my 50s?” 引出话题，随后围绕中年健康风险、衰老机制、锻炼和社交等健康建议展开，C 项涵盖核心内容。A、B 项是细节；D 项未提及 “50 多岁保持健康” 这一主线。 （2） 语法填空 1. Exercise is ______. "The two biggest midlife health risks are that we're not active enough..." A. crucial B. difficult C. simple D. interesting 答案：A 解析：根据后文 Dutta 强调锻炼的重要性，可知 “crucial”（至关重要的）符合语境。B（困难的）、C（简单的）、D（有趣的）均不符合上下文逻辑。 关联词汇拓展：crucial 的同义词有 vital、essential，如 “Regular sleep is vital for health.” 2. It's important to enjoy what you're doing -- if you don't like running on a treadmill, you won't stick with it. ______, go for a hike or take a dance class. A. Otherwise B. Instead C. Therefore D. Besides 答案：B 解析：前文说 “不喜欢跑步机就别坚持”，后文建议 “徒步或上舞蹈课”，存在 “替代” 关系，故用 “Instead”。A（否则）、C（因此）、D（此外）均不符合逻辑。 回顾文章同类结构：第 10 段 “Go for a hike or take a dance class instead” 也用 “instead” 表替代。 （3） 语言应用 1. 用 "accumulation" 的适当形式填空： The ______ of stress over years can lead to health problems. 答案：accumulation 解析：此处需用名词作主语，“accumulation of stress” 意为 “压力的积累”，对应文中 “The accumulation of these changes” 的用法。 易错点提示：注意区分名词 “accumulation” 与动词 “accumulate”，此处需名词形式。 2. 将 "It's never too soon to start adopting healthy habits" 改写为 Starting to adopt healthy habits ______ too soon. 答案：is never 解析：原句 “It's never too soon to...” 转换为主语为动名词短语的结构，保持 “never too soon” 的否定意义，故填 “is never”。 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/ adj. 恶性的；残酷的 搭配：vicious cycle（恶性循环） 例句：Lack of sleep can create a vicious cycle of fatigue and stress. grind /ɡraɪnd/ n. 繁重的工作；苦差事 例句：The daily grind of work made him feel exhausted. plasticity /ˌplæˈstɪsəti/ n. 可塑性；适应性 例句：The plasticity of the brain allows it to adapt to new situations. gerontology /ˌdʒerɒnˈtɒlədʒi/ n. 老年医学 例句：She specializes in gerontology and studies healthy aging. accumulation /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃn/ n. 积累；堆积 动词形式：accumulate 例句：The accumulation of dust on the desk showed it hadn't been used. biomarker /ˈbaɪəʊmɑːkə(r)/ n. 生物标志物 例句：Telomere length is a common biomarker for aging. chronological /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 按时间顺序的 搭配：chronological age（实际年龄） 例句：Her chronological age is 50, but she looks much younger. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的（=vital；essential） 例句：Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining health. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 耐力；持久力 例句：Long-distance running helps build endurance. consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性；坚持 形容词形式：consistent 例句：Consistency in study is more important than cramming. （2） 句型库 be prone to  易于……；有…… 倾向 例句：People with poor diets are prone to illness. rather than  而不是 替换表达：instead of 例句：She chose to walk rather than take the bus. one-size-fits-all 一刀切的；适合所有人的 例句：Education should not be a one-size-fits-all system. lead to  导致；通向 替换表达：result in；bring about 例句：Smoking can lead to serious health problems. stick with  坚持；继续做 例句：If you stick with this plan, you'll see progress. It's never too soon to... 做…… 永远不嫌早 结构：It 作形式主语，不定式为真正主语 仿写：It's never too soon to start saving money. over the course of  在…… 期间；在…… 过程中 例句：Over the course of the year, she learned to speak French. （3） 语法点 · 现在分词作结果状语 例句：The accumulation of these changes increases the risk of ageing-related diseases, eventually leading to the body's decline. 解析：“leading to the body's decline” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表自然结果，逻辑主语为 “the accumulation of these changes”。 考点：区分现在分词（表主动 / 自然结果）与不定式（表意外结果）作结果状语的用法。 · 定语从句 例句：The two biggest midlife health risks are that we're not active enough and we don't make dietary changes that help us age in a healthier manner. 解析：“that help us age in a healthier manner” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “dietary changes”，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语。 考点：定语从句中关系代词的选用（that/which/who 等）。 （4） 长难句 1. Biological age is a better measure of healthspan, or years of generally good health, than chronological age, or how many years you've been alive. 句子成分： 主语：Biological age · 谓语：is · 表语：a better measure · 比较对象：than chronological age · 插入语：or years of generally good health（解释 healthspan）；or how many years you've been alive（解释 chronological age） 释义：生物年龄比实际年龄（即你活了多少年）能更好地衡量健康寿命 —— 也就是保持基本健康状态的年数。 2. She recommends diverse physical activity that hits four critical areas: endurance, cardio, flexibility and balance. 句子成分： 主语：She · 谓语：recommends · 宾语：diverse physical activity · 定语从句：that hits four critical areas（修饰 “physical activity”） · 同位语：endurance, cardio, flexibility and balance（解释 “four critical areas”） 释义：她建议进行多样化的体育活动，涵盖四个关键领域：耐力、有氧、柔韧性和平衡能力。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 坚持锻炼对 50 多岁的人保持健康至关重要。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 生物年龄能更好地反映一个人的健康状况。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Sticking with exercise is crucial for people in their 50s to stay healthy. 2. Biological age can better reflect a person's health condition. （2） 汉译英 1. Social connectedness and meaningful relationships are also crucial for healthy ageing. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What you do in a week isn't going to make a huge difference, but what you do over the course of years will. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. 社会联系和有意义的人际关系对健康衰老也至关重要。 2. 你一周内做的事情不会有太大影响，但多年坚持做的事情会带来显著变化。 五、全文译通 我如何在 50 多岁时保持健康？ 梅奥诊所罗伯特和阿琳・科戈德衰老中心的主任内森・勒布拉瑟尔说，50 多岁的人可能容易陷入 “恶性循环”。 压力很大的繁重工作和家庭责任可能会让锻炼、吃顿好饭、睡个好觉成为偶尔的奖励，而不是理所当然的事。勒布拉瑟尔说，当这样的日子成为常态，“我们会看到健康问题开始出现，有时比正常情况要早”。 “好在我们对衰老过程有强大的控制能力，” 他说，“衰老是有可塑性的。” 勒布拉瑟尔说，衰老并不是在你到了一定年龄后才开始的，而是一个终身的过程，到了中年，你的健康需求可能会改变。 美国国家衰老研究所临床老年医学部门负责人钱达・杜塔解释说，虽然每个人的身体都会衰老，但这 “并不是一刀切的现象”。所以，没有标准的衰老方式。即使两个人在晚年出现了相似的问题，导致他们出现这些问题的途径和因素也可能大相径庭。 勒布拉瑟尔称，衰老是 “身体细胞和分子的磨损”。这些变化的积累增加了与衰老相关疾病的风险，最终导致身体的衰退。 生物年龄衡量的是这些细胞和分子随时间发生的变化。它根据生物标志物（如端粒长度）来反映你的身体看起来有多 “老” 以及身体机能如何。 生物年龄比实际年龄（你活了多少年）能更好地衡量健康年限（有多少年是普通健康状态）。这两种衡量标准之间的差异就是为什么一个 50 岁的人看起来可能比另一个 50 岁的人更年轻。 锻炼至关重要。“中年健康的两个最大风险就是运动量不够，以及没有改变饮食习惯，从而帮助我们以更健康的方式衰老。” 杜塔说。她推荐了多种针对四个关键领域的运动：耐力、有氧、柔韧性、平衡能力。 重要的是要享受你做的运动 —— 如果你不喜欢在跑步机上跑步，那你就没法坚持下去。不如去徒步或上舞蹈课吧。杜塔说，渐进式阻力训练、瑜伽和太极拳非常适合那些特别担心肌肉流失的人。 勒布拉瑟尔说，社会联系和有意义的人际关系对健康老去也至关重要。他解释说，养成抗衰老的健康习惯永远都不嫌早，而且关键是要持之以恒。“你做的事情在一周内不会产生太大效果，但坚持多年就会大大不同。” 他说。 Issue 5 屏幕时间非关键，成瘾性使用是真凶 1、 原文初探 Screen time isn't the key; addictive use is the real culprit. As Americans scramble to respond to rising rates of suicidal behavior among youth, many policymakers have locked in on an alarming metric: the number of hours a day that American children spend glued to a glowing screen. But a study published on Wednesday in the medical journal JAMA, which followed more than 4,000 children across the country, arrived at a surprising conclusion: Longer screen time at age 10 was not associated with higher rates of suicidal behavior four years later. Instead, the authors found, the children at higher risk for suicidal behaviors were those who told researchers their use of technology had become "addictive" - that they had trouble putting it down, or felt the need to use it more and more. Some children exhibited addictive behavior even if their screen time was relatively low, they said. The researchers found addictive behavior to be very common among children - especially in their use of mobile phones, where nearly half had high addictive use. By age 14, children with high or increasing addictive behavior were two to three times as likely as other children to have thoughts of suicide or to harm themselves, the study found. "This is the first study to identify that addictive use is important, and is actually the root cause, instead of time," said Yunyu Xiao, an assistant professor of psychiatry and population health sciences at Weill Cornell Medical College and the study's lead author. Addictive behavior may be more difficult to control during childhood, before the prefrontal cortex, which acts as a brake on impulsivity, is fully developed. Dr. Xiao said interventions should focus on the child's addictive behavior, which is typically treated with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, rather than simply limiting access to screens. "If there are early warnings, then for parents, it's important to seek professional help for children with such addictions," she said. "We do not know if just taking away their phone will help. Sometimes it can create some conflict in the family, and that is even worse." The study analyzed changes in screen use among 4,285 children beginning at around age 10, regularly screening them for compulsive use, difficulty disengaging and distress when not given access. At 14, when the subjects were assessed for suicidal behavior and mental health status, 5.1 percent of the participants had showed suicidal behavior, such as attempted suicide or preparation for an attempt, and 17.9 percent had experienced suicidal ideation. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What is the main finding of the study published in JAMA? A. Screen time has no relation to youth mental health. B. Addictive use of technology is the root cause of youth's mental health problems. C. Children's suicidal behavior is mainly related to their mobile phone use. D. Limiting children's screen time can effectively reduce their suicidal thoughts. 【答案】B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “Real Risk to Youth Mental Health Is 'Addictive Use,' Not Screen Time Alone, Study Finds” 以及第五段 “This is the first study to identify that addictive use is important, and is actually the root cause, instead of time” 可知，研究发现科技产品的成瘾性使用是青少年心理健康问题的根源，而不是屏幕使用时长，所以 B 选项正确。A 选项 “屏幕时间与青少年心理健康无关” 表述太绝对，文章只是说不是屏幕时间本身导致心理健康问题；C 选项 “儿童的自杀行为主要与他们的手机使用有关” 不准确，文章强调的是成瘾性使用，不仅仅是手机使用；D 选项 “限制儿童的屏幕时间可以有效减少他们的自杀念头” 与文章观点不符，文章认为应关注成瘾行为。 易错点提示：注意不要被文章中关于屏幕时间的内容误导，要抓住核心观点是成瘾性使用才是关键。 2. According to the study, which of the following is true? A. Most children have high addictive use of mobile phones. B. Children with low screen time will not have addictive behavior. C. The prefrontal cortex in children is fully developed. D. Addictive behavior in children is more difficult to control. 【答案】D。推理判断题。根据文章第六段 “Addictive behavior may be more difficult to control during childhood, before the prefrontal cortex, which acts as a brake on impulsivity, is fully developed.” 可知，在童年时期，由于前额叶皮层尚未完全发育，成瘾行为可能更难控制，所以 D 选项正确。A 选项 “大多数儿童手机使用成瘾程度高” 错误，原文是 “近半数儿童存在高度成瘾的使用情况”，不是大多数；B 选项 “屏幕使用时间短的儿童不会有成瘾行为” 错误，文中提到一些孩子即使屏幕使用时间相对较短，也表现出了上瘾行为；C 选项 “儿童的前额叶皮层已经完全发育” 与原文不符。 易错点提示：理解文章中关于童年时期大脑发育与成瘾行为控制之间的关系，不要混淆相关信息。 3. The underlined word "interventions" in the passage probably means "______". A. actions taken to improve a situation B. opinions given on a problem C. methods of doing research D. ways of communicating with others 【答案】A。词义猜测题。根据文章第七段 “Dr. Xiao said interventions should focus on the child's addictive behavior, which is typically treated with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, rather than simply limiting access to screens.” 可知，肖博士说应该关注孩子的成瘾行为，通常用认知行为心理疗法来治疗，而不是简单地限制接触屏幕，所以 “interventions” 应该是指采取的改善情况的行动，A 选项正确。B 选项 “对问题给出的意见”、C 选项 “做研究的方法”、D 选项 “与他人交流的方式” 均不符合语境。 易错点提示：结合上下文语境来猜测词义，不要脱离文章单独理解单词。 4. What is the author's attitude towards the study's conclusion? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Indifferent. D. Critical. 【答案】B。观点态度题。文章作者通过引用研究的具体内容和数据，如 “By age 14, children with high or increasing addictive behavior were two to three times as likely as other children to have thoughts of suicide or to harm themselves.” 等，来阐述研究的结论，没有对研究结论进行质疑、批判或表示冷漠，所以作者对研究结论是支持的态度，B 选项正确。 易错点提示：注意作者在文章中引用内容的方式和语气，判断其对研究结论的态度。 （2） 语法填空 1. The study followed more than 4,000 children across the country. ______, longer screen time at age 10 was not associated with higher rates of suicidal behavior four years later. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Moreover 【答案】A。逻辑关系题。前文说研究追踪了全国 4000 多名儿童，后文说 10 岁时较长的屏幕时间与四年后更高的自杀行为发生率之间并无关联，前后是转折关系，所以用 However，A 选项正确。B 选项 Therefore（因此）表示因果关系；C 选项 Besides（此外）表示补充；D 选项 Moreover（而且）表示递进。 易错点提示：准确判断前后句子之间的逻辑关系，不要混淆不同逻辑词的用法。 2. Some children exhibited addictive behavior even if their screen time was relatively low. The researchers found addictive behavior to be very common among children - ______ in their use of mobile phones, where nearly half had high addictive use. A. generally B. especially C. mainly D. usually 【答案】B。词汇辨析题。根据语境 “研究人员发现成瘾行为在儿童中非常普遍，______在手机使用方面，近半数儿童存在高度成瘾的使用情况” 可知，这里强调尤其在手机使用方面成瘾行为普遍，especially（尤其）符合语境，B 选项正确。A 选项 generally（一般地）、C 选项 mainly（主要地）、D 选项 usually（通常）均不如 especially 准确。 易错点提示：区分这些表示程度或范围的副词的细微差别，根据语境选择最合适的。 （3） 语言应用 1. 用 “crucial” 的适当形式填空：It is ______ to pay attention to the addictive behavior of children. 答案：crucial 解析：It is crucial to do sth. 是固定句型，意为 “做某事是至关重要的”，所以这里用 crucial。 易错点提示：注意 crucial 的拼写和在固定句型中的用法。 2. 将“It is important to seek professional help for children with addictions.”改写为 Seeking professional help for children with addictions is ______. 答案：important 解析：原句 “It is important to seek professional help for children with addictions.” 中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 “to seek professional help for children with addictions”，改写后的句子 “Seeking professional help for children with addictions is ______.” 中，动名词短语 “Seeking professional help for children with addictions” 作主语，is 后面用形容词 important 作表语。 易错点提示：注意句型转换时句子结构的变化，不要混淆不同词性的用法。 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 scramble/ˈskræmbl/ v. 匆忙应对；爬；争夺 例句：As the deadline approaches, we are scrambling to finish the project.（随着截止日期的临近，我们正匆忙完成项目。） 搭配：scramble for sth.（争夺某物） metric/ˈmetrɪk/ n. 度量标准；指标 例句：We use various metrics to evaluate the performance of our employees.（我们使用各种指标来评估员工的表现。） associated/əˈsəʊsieɪtɪd/ adj. 相关的；有联系的 例句：Smoking is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.（吸烟与心脏病风险增加有关。）搭配：be associated with（与…… 有关）。 addictive/əˈdɪktɪv/ adj. 使人上瘾的 例句：Some drugs are highly addictive.（有些药物极易使人上瘾。） 同义词：habit - forming。 exhibit/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ v. 表现出；展示；展览 例句：The child exhibited signs of anxiety before the exam.（这个孩子在考试前表现出焦虑的迹象。） pivotal/ˈpɪvətl/ adj. 关键的；中枢的 例句：His speech was pivotal in changing the public's opinion.（他的演讲在改变公众舆论方面起到了关键作用。） 同义词：crucial, vital。 intervention/ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干预；介入 例句：Early intervention is important for children with learning difficulties.（早期干预对有学习困难的儿童很重要。） 动词形式：intervene。 psychotherapy/ˌsaɪkəˈθerəpi/ n. 心理治疗”。 例句：She is receiving psychotherapy for her depression.（她正在接受抑郁症的心理治疗。） （2） 句型库 glued to 盯着；紧附于 例句：He was glued to the TV screen all evening.（他整个晚上都盯着电视屏幕。） 替换表达：be fixed on。 arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 例句：After a long discussion, we finally arrived at a conclusion.（经过长时间的讨论，我们最终得出了一个结论。） 替换表达：draw a conclusion。 instead of 而不是 例句：He stayed at home instead of going to the party.（他呆在家里而不是去参加聚会。） have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 例句：She has trouble (in) falling asleep at night.（她晚上入睡有困难。） （3） 语法点 · 定语从句 But a study published on Wednesday in the medical journal JAMA, which followed more than 4,000 children across the country, arrived at a surprising conclusion”，“which followed more than 4,000 children across the country是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “study”，关系代词 which 在从句中作主语。考点：关系代词的选择和定语从句的语序。 · 非谓语动词 Some children exhibited addictive behavior even if their screen time was relatively low, they said. The researchers found addictive behavior to be very common among children - especially in their use of mobile phones, where nearly half had high addictive use.”，“found addictive behavior to be very common” 中 “to be very common” 是动词不定式作宾语补足语。考点：非谓语动词作宾语补足语的不同形式及用法。 （4） 长难句 1. By age 14, children with high or increasing addictive behavior were two to three times as likely as other children to have thoughts of suicide or to harm themselves. 成分分析： · “By age 14” 是时间状语， · “children with high or increasing addictive behavior” 是句子的主语，其中 “with high or increasing addictive behavior” 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 “children”， · “were two to three times as likely as other children” 是谓语部分，使用了 “as...as” 比较结构， · “to have thoughts of suicide or to harm themselves” 是动词不定式短语作状语，表示结果 释义：到 14 岁时，成瘾行为严重或加剧的儿童产生自杀念头或进行自残的可能性是其他儿童的两到三倍。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 一些孩子即使屏幕使用时间较短，也表现出了上瘾行为。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 干预措施应聚焦于孩子的成瘾行为，而不是简单地限制他们接触电子设备。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Some children exhibited addictive behavior even if their screen time was relatively low. 2. Interventions should focus on the child's addictive behavior instead of simply limiting their access to electronic devices. （2） 汉译英 1. Addictive behavior may be more difficult to control during childhood. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The study analyzed changes in screen use among 4,285 children beginning at around age 10. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. 在童年时期，成瘾行为可能更难控制。 2. 该研究分析了 4285 名从大约 10 岁开始的儿童的屏幕使用变化情况。 五、全文译通 屏幕时间非关键，成瘾性使用是真凶 当美国人奋力应对青少年自杀行为不断增加的问题时，许多政策制定者都锁定了一个令人担忧的指标：美国儿童每天盯着发光屏幕的时长。 但周三发表在医学期刊《美国医学会杂志》上的一项研究得出了一个令人惊讶的结论，该研究追踪了全国 4000 多名儿童，发现 10 岁时较长的屏幕时间与四年后更高的自杀行为发生率之间并无关联。 相反，研究作者发现，自杀行为风险较高的孩子是那些向研究人员表示自己对科技产品的使用已变得 “上瘾” 的人，他们难以放下设备，或感觉自己需要越来越频繁地使用设备。 作者们称，一些孩子即使屏幕使用时间相对较短，但也表现出了上瘾行为。研究人员发现，上瘾行为在儿童中非常普遍，尤其是在手机使用方面，近半数儿童存在高度成瘾的使用情况。 研究发现，到 14 岁时，成瘾行为严重或加剧的儿童产生自杀念头或进行自残的可能性是其他儿童的两到三倍。“这是第一项确定成瘾性使用很重要的研究，实际上它才是根本原因，而不是使用时长。” 威尔康奈尔医学院精神病学与人口健康科学助理教授肖云钰说，她也是该研究的主要作者。 在童年时期，成瘾行为可能更难控制，因为前额叶皮层尚未完全发育，而该部位相当于克制冲动行为的刹车。 肖博士表示，干预措施应聚焦于孩子的成瘾行为，通常通过认知行为心理疗法进行治疗，而非简单地限制孩子接触电子设备。 “如果有早期预警信号，那么对于家长来说，为有这种成瘾问题的孩子寻求专业帮助是很重要的，” 她说，“我们不知道仅仅拿走他们的手机是否有帮助。有时这会在家庭中引发一些冲突，那就更糟了。” 该研究分析了 4285 名儿童从大约 10 岁开始的屏幕使用变化情况，定期筛查他们的强迫性使用行为、难以离开电子设备的情况以及无法接触到电子设备时感到痛苦的情况。 在 14 岁时，当对受试者进行自杀行为和心理健康状况评估时，5.1% 的参与者曾表现出自杀行为，例如尝试自杀或为自杀做准备，17.9% 的参与者曾有过自杀念头。 Issue 6 可以让孩子整个暑假都无所事事地 “发霉” 吗？​ 1、 原文初探 Is It OK for Your Kids to 'Rot' All Summer? When Katherine Goldstein was a child in the 1990s, growing up in Atlanta, she remembers languid summers spent swimming and riding her bike around the neighborhood while her father worked full time and her mother worked part time from home. Many of the Millennial parents in her orbit have similar memories. "Most of the people I know who are in their 30s and 40s spent July and August at a community pool, and there was not this sense that every moment had to be programmed," said Ms. Goldstein, 41. Ms. Goldstein, a researcher who lives with her husband and three children in Durham, N. C., also went to camp some years. But it seems a stark contrast to the annual frenzy many families these days enter as early as the fall, when summer is still several months away but the pressure to plan those school-free months reaches a peak. While many parents - particularly those with office jobs - may view camp as the ideal and often necessary way for a child to spend summer break, others see it as a dreaded four-letter word that is synonymous with hefty price tags and stressful logistics. What if, some are daring to wonder, my kid does nothing? Call it kid rotting, internet parlance for indulgent lounging, or "wild summer." This might sound anathema to those who subscribe to an ultracompetitive modern parenting culture, particularly in New York City, where signing up for camp is an arms race of who can remember to set calendar reminders months ahead of time. Some of the most coveted camps - like the ones offered by Central Park Zoo ($720 per week) and the American Museum of Natural History ($1,300 per week) - often fill up within minutes of opening registration. In some affluent suburbs, the cost of multiple camp tuitions is on par with a new luxury car. Summer vacation has become a parenting Rorschach test. Is it a time of the year that is "supposed to be chill," or a three-month span for skill-building and résumé-padding? Alina Adams, a private school admissions consultant in Manhattan, promotes a certain brand of summer boredom when she talks to anxious New York City parents. "I tell them their kid will be more 'ahead' with their own experimentation, versus taking a class alongside other children," she said. Registering for STEM camp, for instance, may seem like a great idea to a parent, but it can leave little room for a kid to explore their natural curiosities. "It's all adult-driven." 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. How did Katherine Goldstein spend her childhood summers?​ A. She attended various expensive camps every year.​ B. She stayed at home to help her mother with work.​ C. She spent time swimming and riding bikes in the neighborhood.​ D. Her parents arranged every moment of her summer.​ 【答案】C。细节理解题，根据第一段 “she remembers languid summers spent swimming and riding her bike around the neighborhood” 可知，凯瑟琳・戈尔茨坦童年时在小区附近游泳、骑自行车度过夏天，C 选项正确。A 选项 “每年参加各种昂贵的夏令营” 与原文 “also went to camp some years” 不符；B 选项 “在家帮妈妈工作” 原文未提及；D 选项 “父母安排夏天的每一刻” 与第二段 “there was not this sense that every moment had to be programmed” 相悖。​ 易错点提示：注意区分 “some years” 和 “every year”，避免误选 A。 2. What can be inferred about the most coveted summer camps?​ A. They are affordable for most families.​ B. They are not popular among parents in New York City.​ C. They are easy to get into as long as you apply.​ D. They are in high demand and hard to register for.​ 【答案】D。推理判断题，根据第七段 “Some of the most coveted camps...often fill up within minutes of opening registration” 可知，最抢手的夏令营在报名开始后几分钟内就满员了，由此可推断它们需求大且难以注册，D 选项正确。A 选项 “大多数家庭都能负担得起” 与 “the cost of multiple camp tuitions is on par with a new luxury car” 不符；B 选项 “在纽约市父母中不受欢迎” 与 “signing up for camp is an arms race” 相悖；C 选项 “只要申请就能轻易进入” 与 “fill up within minutes” 不符。​ 解题技巧：通过 “fill up within minutes” 推断夏令营的报名情况。 3. The underlined word "hefty" in Paragraph 4 probably means ______.​ A. low​ B. high​ C. reasonable​ D. unknown​ 【答案】B。词义猜测题，根据第四段 “others see it as a dreaded four-letter word that is synonymous with hefty price tags” 以及第七段提到的夏令营费用，可知 “hefty” 在这里表示 “高昂的”，B 选项正确。A 选项 “低的”、C 选项 “合理的”、D 选项 “未知的” 均不符合语境。​ 解题技巧：结合后文提到的具体费用和 “dreaded”（令人讨厌的）推断 “hefty” 的含义。 4. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 in the passage?​ A. To present the main argument of the passage.​ B. To introduce the background by sharing personal memories.​ C. To list the disadvantages of summer camps.​ D. To explain the concept of "kid rotting".​ 【答案】B。篇章结构题，第一段和第二段通过凯瑟琳・戈尔茨坦分享自己童年夏天的经历，引出千禧一代父母类似的回忆，是在通过个人回忆介绍背景，B 选项正确。A 选项 “呈现文章的主要论点” 在这两段未体现；C 选项 “列出夏令营的缺点” 不是这两段的目的；D 选项 “解释‘孩子发霉’的概念” 在第六段。 5. What is Alina Adams' attitude towards kids attending classes in summer?​ A. She thinks it's better than kids doing nothing.​ B. She believes it's less effective than kids exploring on their own.​ C. She insists it's the best way for kids to be ahead.​ D. She doubts whether kids can learn anything from classes. 【答案】B。观点态度题，根据倒数第二段 “I tell them their kid will be more 'ahead' with their own experimentation, versus taking a class alongside other children” 可知，阿丽娜・亚当斯认为孩子自己探索比一起上课更有效，B 选项正确。A 选项 “比孩子什么都不做好” 与她的观点相反；C 选项 “是孩子领先的最佳方式” 不符；D 选项 “怀疑孩子能从课堂上学到东西” 原文未明确提及，她强调的是自主探索更有效。 （二）语法填空 1. Summer vacation has become a parenting Rorschach test: is it for relaxation or ______?​ A. skill-building​ B. entertainment​ C. rest​ D. play​ 答案：A​ 解析：根据前文“Is it a time of the year that is'supposed to be chill,'or a three-month span for skill-building and résumé-padding?”可知，这里是说暑假是为了放松还是技能培养，A选项“skill-building”（技能培养）符合语境。B选项“娱乐”、C选项“休息”、D选项“玩耍”都与“relaxation”意思相近，不符合对比关系。​ 关联词汇拓展：“skill-building”与“capacity-building”意思相近，都表示“能力培养”，如“capacity-building programs”（能力培养项目）。 2. Many parents view camp as ideal; ______, others consider it a dreaded thing.​ A. therefore​ B. besides​ C. however​ D. moreover 答案：C​ 解析：前半句“许多家长认为夏令营是理想的”与后半句“另一些人认为它是令人讨厌的东西”之间是转折关系，“however”（然而）表转折，C选项正确。A选项“therefore”（因此）表因果；B选项“besides”（此外）表补充；D选项“moreover”（而且）表递进。​ 回顾文章同类逻辑结构：第三段“But it seems a stark contrast to the annual frenzy...”也使用了“but”表示转折，与本题逻辑一致。 （三）语言应用 1. 用 “promote” 的适当形式填空： Alina Adams ______ the idea that kids should have their own experimentation in summer.​ 答案：promotes​ 解析：句子描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时，主语“Alina Adams”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用“promotes”。 2. 将 “It is necessary for kids to explore their natural curiosities” 改写为 ______ their natural curiosities is necessary for kids. 答案：Exploring​ 解析：原句中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式“to explore”，转换后用动名词“Exploring”作主语，句子意思不变。 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 languid adj. 懒散的；慢悠悠的（=leisurely） 例句：We enjoyed a languid afternoon by the beach. 搭配：a languid pace（缓慢的节奏）。​ frenzy n. 狂热；疯狂（=craze） 例句：There was a frenzy of activity before the party. 搭配：in a frenzy（处于狂热中）。​ coveted adj. 令人觊觎的；抢手的 例句：The coveted prize was won by a young artist. 动词形式：covet（渴望得到）。​ affluent adj. 富裕的（=wealthy） 例句：They live in an affluent area. 搭配：affluent society（富裕社会）。​ parlance n. 用语；说法 例句：In common parlance, it's called a "break". 搭配：in technical parlance（用专业术语）。​ anathema n. 令人极其厌恶的事物 例句：War is anathema to all peace-loving people.​ promote v. 提倡；推广 例句：The organization aims to promote environmental protection. 名词形式：promotion（推广）。​ curiosity n. 好奇心 例句：Children have a natural curiosity about the world. 形容词形式：curious（好奇的）。​ logistics n. 后勤；组织工作 例句：The logistics of the event were very complex.​ programmed adj. 预先安排的 例句：Her day is fully programmed with various activities. （2） 句型库 in one's orbit 在某人的圈子里 例句：She has many talented people in her orbit. 替换表达：in one's circle。​ be synonymous with 与…… 同义 例句：In this context, "success" is synonymous with "hard work". 替换表达：be equivalent to。​ what if 要是…… 会怎么样 例句：What if we can't finish the task on time? 句型结构：what if + 陈述句语序。​ subscribe to 赞同；订阅 例句：I subscribe to the view that education is important. 替换表达：agree with。​ on par with 与…… 同等水平 例句：His performance is on par with the best in the team. 替换表达：equal to。​ versus prep. 与…… 相比 例句：She chose to stay at home versus going out. 替换表达：compared with。​ It's all adult-driven 这一切都是由成年人主导的 句型结构：主语 + be + 动作执行者 + -driven 仿写：The project is market-driven.（这个项目是由市场主导的。） （3） 语法点 · 现在分词作状语 “When Katherine Goldstein was a child in the 1990s, growing up in Atlanta, she remembers...” 中，“growing up in Atlanta” 是现在分词短语作状语，修饰主句主语 “Katherine Goldstein”，表示伴随的动作，与主语是主动关系。考点：现在分词作状语可表示时间、原因、伴随等，过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，要注意区分。​ · 定语从句 “Ms. Goldstein, a researcher who lives with her husband and three children in Durham, N. C., also went to camp some years.” 中，“who lives with...N. C.” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “a researcher”，关系代词 “who” 在从句中作主语。考点：当先行词指人时，关系代词可用 “who” 或 “that”，在从句中作主语时不能省略。 （4） 长难句 1. But it seems a stark contrast to the annual frenzy many families these days enter as early as the fall, when summer is still several months away but the pressure to plan those school-free months reaches a peak.​ 成分分析 · 主句是 “it seems a stark contrast to the annual frenzy”； · “many families these days enter” 是省略了关系代词 “that” 的定语从句，修饰 “frenzy”； · “when summer is still...reaches a peak” 是定语从句，修饰 “the fall”，其中 “to plan those school-free months” 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 “pressure”。​ 释义：但这与如今许多家庭每年早在秋季就陷入的狂热形成了鲜明对比，那时距离夏天还有好几个月，但规划这几个无学可上的月份的压力却达到了顶峰。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 一些家长想知道，如果孩子整个夏天什么都不做会怎么样。​ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 在一些富裕的郊区，多个夏令营的学费相当于一辆新车的价格。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Some parents wonder, what if their kids do nothing all summer?​ 2. In some affluent suburbs, the cost of multiple camp tuitions is on par with a new car. （2） 汉译英 1. "Most of the people I know who are in their 30s and 40s spent July and August at a community pool, and there was not this sense that every moment had to be programmed."​ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Registering for STEM camp may seem like a great idea to a parent, but it can leave little room for a kid to explore their natural curiosities. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. “我认识的大多数三四十岁的人，他们的七八月都是在社区泳池度过的，那时没有那种每一刻都必须安排好的感觉。”​ 2. 对家长来说，报名参加 STEM 夏令营似乎是个好主意，但这会让孩子几乎没有空间去探索他们天生的好奇心。 五、全文译通 可以让孩子整个暑假都无所事事地 “发霉” 吗？​ 20 世纪 90 年代，凯瑟琳・戈尔茨坦还是个孩子，在亚特兰大长大，她记得那些懒散的夏天，她在小区附近游泳、骑自行车，而父亲做着全职工作，母亲在家做兼职。​ 和她同一个圈子的许多千禧一代父母都有类似的回忆。“我认识的大多数三四十岁的人，他们的七八月都是在社区泳池度过的，那时没有那种每一刻都必须安排好的感觉。”41 岁的戈尔茨坦说。​ 戈尔茨坦是一名研究员，和丈夫以及三个孩子住在北卡罗来纳州的达勒姆，她有几年也去参加过夏令营。但这与如今许多家庭每年早在秋季就陷入的狂热形成了鲜明对比，那时距离夏天还有好几个月，但规划这几个无学可上的月份的压力却达到了顶峰。​ 虽然许多家长 —— 尤其是那些有办公室工作的家长 —— 可能认为夏令营是孩子度过暑假的理想且必要的方式，但另一些人则把它看作一个令人讨厌的词，等同于高昂的费用和繁琐的后勤安排。​ 有些人大胆地想，要是我的孩子什么都不做会怎么样？这可以称为 “孩子发霉”，这是网络用语，指纵容孩子悠闲地消磨时间，或者说 “放养的夏天”。​ 对于那些信奉极具竞争性的现代育儿文化的人来说，这可能听起来令人厌恶，尤其是在纽约市，报名参加夏令营就像一场军备竞赛，比的是谁能提前几个月记得设置日历提醒。​ 一些最抢手的夏令营 —— 比如中央公园动物园的夏令营（每周 720 美元）和美国自然历史博物馆的夏令营（每周 1300 美元）—— 往往在报名开始后几分钟内就满员了。在一些富裕的郊区，多个夏令营的学费总和堪比一辆新的豪华轿车。​ 暑假已经成了对父母的罗夏墨迹测试。这是一年中 “应该放松” 的时光，还是为期三个月的技能培养和简历充实期？​ 曼哈顿的私立学校招生顾问阿丽娜・亚当斯在和焦虑的纽约市家长交谈时，提倡一种特定的夏日无聊模式。“我告诉他们，比起和其他孩子一起上课，让孩子自己去尝试会更‘领先’。” 她说。​ 例如，对家长来说，报名参加 STEM 夏令营似乎是个好主意，但这会让孩子几乎没有空间去探索他们天生的好奇心。“这一切都是由成年人主导的。” Issue 7 孤独，靠多交朋友就能解决吗？ 1、 原文初探 Can loneliness be solved by making more friends? If you're a lonely adult in an American city, please know that people are trying very hard to help you. A few examples: The organization Project Gather hosts food-centered hangouts-potlucks, bake sales, mushroom foraging-across the country. The company Timeleft, operating in more than 300 cities, matches groups of five strangers for dinner every Wednesday. Ventures such as these make up a growing friendship industry, and they claim a lofty goal: Not only do they want to get people off their phone and out of the house; they want nothing less than to cure Americans of alienation. Ambitious! But I have some notes. Most of these start-ups appear to rely on a common assumption: Loneliness results from a lack of friends, and to make new friends, one should meet new people. But we don't fully know what makes a person more or less lonely. Loneliness and time spent alone don't seem to be closely correlated; different people crave different amounts of socializing, and not all socializing is equally fulfilling. The problem with relationships is often one of quality rather than quantity. One firm believer in this principle is Shasta Nelson, who writes about friendship and hosts a podcast called Frientimacy. The title is a nod to what she believes many people are hungry for: not friends, per se, but real intimacy with those friends. "We don't need to meet more people," she told me. "We need to feel more met by the people we already know." Achieving frientimacy, she argues, requires three things: consistency, positivity, and vulnerability. The friendship industry tends to start and end with mere presence: You have to show up. But a single paint-and-sip does not a best friend make. Jeffrey A. Hall, a University of Kansas communication professor, has found in his work that going from strangers to casual friends typically takes 40 to 60 hours spent together; moving to actual friends takes 80 to 100 hours, and forming a good friendship tends to take about 200 hours altogether. Ideally, a friendship-event attendee knows that if they meet someone they like, they should reach out again. What about the time after that-and after that? Without another shared context or network to put them in regular proximity, consistency is difficult to attain. Instead of seeking more and more people, hoping for a spark, maybe you're better off working on the friendships that you already have-you know, the ones you're neglecting while playing badminton with strangers. This is where positivity, another one of Nelson's pillars, comes in: the measure of how good a given friendship is making you feel. So many people, she observed, are overwhelmed and burned out; they might show up and cross "friend time" off their list without really giving those friends their full attention. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. According to Jeffrey A. Hall, how long does it take to form a good friendship? A. 40 to 60 hours. B. 80 to 100 hours. C. About 200 hours. D. More than 300 hours. 【答案】C。细节理解题，根据第八段 “forming a good friendship tends to take about 200 hours altogether” 可知，建立深厚友谊需要约 200 小时，C 正确。A 是 “从陌生人到普通朋友” 的时间，B 是 “到真正朋友” 的时间，D 未提及。 易错点提示：注意区分不同友谊阶段的时间，避免混淆 “good friendship” 与其他阶段。 2. What can we infer about the friendship industry from the passage? A. It successfully cures Americans of alienation. B. It focuses more on the quantity of friendships than quality. C. It helps people maintain long-term friendships easily. D. It mainly organizes activities related to work. 【答案】B。推理判断题，根据第五段 “The problem with relationships is often one of quality rather than quantity” 及第七段 “The friendship industry tends to start and end with mere presence” 可推知，友谊产业更注重友谊的数量（让人们认识新人）而非质量，B 正确。A 错误，文中未提及其 “成功治愈疏离感”；C 错误，由 “consistency is difficult to attain” 可知难以维持长期友谊；D 错误，文中活动多与美食、社交相关，与工作无关。 解题技巧：通过 “mere presence”“quantity” 等词推断友谊产业的侧重点。 3. The underlined word "lofty" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. modest B. practical C. ambitious D. simple 【答案】C。词义猜测题，根据第二段 “they want nothing less than to cure Americans of alienation” 及第三段 “Ambitious!” 可知，“lofty goal” 指宏大、有雄心的目标，“lofty” 与 “ambitious” 意思相近，C 正确。A（谦虚的）、B（实际的）、D（简单的）均不符合语境。 解题技巧：结合后文 “Ambitious!” 的评价推断 “lofty” 的含义。 4. What is the function of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 in the passage? A. To present the author's main argument. B. To introduce the friendship industry with examples. C. To criticize the way people make friends. D. To explain the concept of "frientimacy". 【答案】B。篇章结构题，第一段和第二段通过 “聚集计划”“Timeleft 公司” 等例子，介绍了新兴的友谊产业及其目标，B 正确。A（呈现作者主要论点）在第三段及之后；C（批评交友方式）未在这两段体现；D（解释 “亲密友谊” 概念）在第五段。 5. What is the author's attitude towards the friendship industry? A. Fully supportive. B. Completely opposed. C. Critical but not negative. D. Indifferent. 【答案】C。观点态度题，作者肯定友谊产业帮助孤独者的努力（“people are trying very hard to help you”），但也指出其不足（“But I have some notes”“focus on quantity rather than quality”），态度是批判性但非否定，C 正确。A、B、D 均不符合作者客观评价的立场。 （2） 语法填空 1. The problem with relationships is often about quality ______ quantity. A. rather than B. as well as C. in addition to D. along with 答案：A 解析：结合原文 “The problem with relationships is often one of quality rather than quantity”，此处需表达 “质量而不是数量”，“rather than” 符合语境，A 正确。B（也）、C（此外）、D（连同）均表并列或补充，与语境不符。 关联词汇拓展：“rather than” 与 “instead of” 同义，但 “instead of” 后接动名词，如 “She chose reading instead of watching TV.” 2. Many friendship events bring people together; ______, they don't guarantee deep friendships. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwise 答案：B 解析：前半句 “许多交友活动将人们聚集在一起” 与后半句 “它们不能保证深厚友谊” 是转折关系，“however” 表转折，B 正确。A（因此）表因果，C（而且）表递进，D（否则）表假设。 回顾文章同类逻辑结构：第七段 “But a single paint-and-sip does not a best friend make” 也用 “but” 表转折，说明活动与深厚友谊的差距。 （3） 语言应用 1. 用“crave”的适当形式填空： Different people______different amounts of socializing. 答案：crave 解析：句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 “different people” 是复数，谓语动词用原形 “crave”。 2. 将“It is important to work on existing friendships”改写为 ______on existing friendships is important. 答案：Working 解析：原句中 “it” 是形式主语，真正主语是不定式 “to work”，转换后用动名词 “Working” 作主语，保持句意不变。 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 alienation/ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ n.疏离；疏远（=estrangement） 例句：Modern life often leads to feelings of alienation. 搭配：alienation from（与……疏远）。 ambitious/æmˈbɪʃəs/ adj.有雄心的；宏大的（=aspiring） 例句：The project has an ambitious goal. 搭配：be ambitious for sth.（渴望某事）。 correlated/ˈkɒrəleɪtɪd/ adj.相关的；有联系的 例句：Smoking is correlated with lung disease. 动词形式：correlate（相关）。 crave/kreɪv/ v.渴望；热望（=desire） 例句：She craves attention from her friends. 搭配：crave for sth.（渴望某物）。 frientimacy/ˈfrendɪməsi/ n.亲密友谊（结合friend和intimacy创造的词） 例句：Frientimacy requires time and effort to build. consistency/kənˈsɪstənsi/ n.连贯性；一致性（=continuity） 例句：Consistency is key to maintaining friendships. 形容词形式：consistent（一致的）。 vulnerability/ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ n.脆弱；易受伤害（性） 例句：Sharing vulnerability can deepen friendships. 形容词形式：vulnerable（脆弱的）。 proximity/prɒkˈsɪməti/ n.接近；邻近（=closeness） 例句：Regular proximity helps build relationships. 搭配：in proximity to（接近……）。 overwhelmed/ˌəʊvəˈwelmd/ adj.不堪重负的 例句：She felt overwhelmed by work and social demands. 动词形式：overwhelm（使不堪重负）。 neglecting/nɪˈɡlektɪŋ/ v.忽视；忽略（=ignore） 例句：He regretted neglecting his old friends. 搭配：neglect to do sth.（忘记做某事）。 （2） 句型库 nothing less than 简直是；无异于 例句：The result was nothing less than a miracle. 替换表达：nothing short of。 result from 由……引起 例句：His success results from hard work. 替换表达：stem from。 rather than 而不是 例句：She chose to stay home rather than go out. 替换表达：instead of。 per se 本身；本质上（拉丁语） 例句：Money,per se,isn't evil. 替换表达：in itself。 reach out 联系；伸出援手 例句：He decided to reach out to his old classmate. 搭配：reach out to sb.（联系某人）。 better off 更合适；境况更好 例句：You're better off focusing on quality over quantity. 句型：be better off doing sth.（做某事更合适）。 cross off 从……中划掉 例句：She crossed the task off her list. 替换表达：tick off。 （3） 语法点 · 非谓语动词作定语 例句：The company Timeleft,operating in more than 300 cities,matches groups of five strangers.（第二段） 解析：“operating in more than 300 cities”是现在分词短语作定语，修饰“Timeleft”，表主动和正在进行的动作（该公司正在300多个城市运营）。 考点：现在分词作定语与所修饰词是主动关系，过去分词作定语是被动关系，如“a book written by him”（他写的书）。 · 倒装句 例句：Not only do they want to get people off their phone and out of the house;（第二段） 解析：“Not only”位于句首时，句子需部分倒装（助动词do提前），正常语序为“they not only want to...”。 考点：“not only...but also...”结构中，“not only”置于句首时倒装，“but also”后句子不倒装。 （4） 长难句 Jeffrey A.Hall,a University of Kansas communication professor,has found in his work that going from strangers to casual friends typically takes 40 to 60 hours spent together;moving to actual friends takes 80 to 100 hours,and forming a good friendship tends to take about 200 hours altogether. 句子成分： 主语：Jeffrey A.Hall · 同位语：a University of Kansas communication professor（补充说明主语身份） · 谓语：has found · 宾语从句：由that引导，包含三个并列分句，分别说明“从陌生人到普通朋友”“到真正朋友”“到深厚友谊”所需的时间。 · 非谓语短语：going from...、moving to...、forming...（均为动名词短语作主语） 释义：堪萨斯大学传播学教授杰弗里・A・霍尔在研究中发现，从陌生人发展为普通朋友通常需要共度40至60小时，升级为真正的朋友需要80至100小时，而建立深厚的友谊总共约需200小时。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. “聚集计划” 组织举办以美食为中心的聚会来帮助孤独的成年人。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 建立亲密友谊需要连贯性、积极性和脆弱性。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. The organization Project Gather hosts food-centered hangouts to help lonely adults. 2. Achieving frientimacy requires consistency, positivity, and vulnerability. （2） 汉译英 1. "We don't need to meet more people. We need to feel more met by the people we already know." ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Instead of seeking more and more people, maybe you're better off working on the friendships that you already have. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. “我们不需要认识更多人。我们需要被已经认识的人更深刻地‘看见’。” 2. 与其不断结识新人，不如用心经营你已有的友谊。 五、全文译通 孤独，靠多交朋友就能解决吗？ 如果你是生活在美国城市里的孤独成年人，请知道人们正在非常努力地帮助你。举几个例子：“聚集计划”组织在全国各地举办以美食为中心的聚会——百味餐、烘焙义卖、采蘑菇活动。 在300多个城市运营的Timeleft公司每周三会为五位陌生人配对，让他们共进晚餐。诸如此类的企业构成了一个日益壮大的友谊产业，它们宣称有一个崇高的目标：不仅要让人们放下手机、走出家门，更要彻底治愈美国人的疏离感。 真是雄心勃勃！但我有一些看法。这些初创企业大多基于一个共同的假设：孤独源于缺乏朋友，而要结交新朋友，就应该认识新人。 但我们并不完全清楚是什么让一个人更孤独或不那么孤独。孤独与独处时间似乎并无紧密关联；不同的人对社交的需求不同，而且并非所有社交都能带来同等的满足感。 人际关系的问题往往在于质量而非数量。莎斯塔・纳尔逊是这一原则的坚定拥护者，她撰写关于友谊的文章，并主持一档名为《亲密友谊》的播客。 这个标题暗示了她认为许多人渴望的东西：并非泛泛之交本身，而是与这些朋友之间真正的亲密关系。“我们不需要认识更多人，”她告诉我，“我们需要被已经认识的人更深刻地‘看见’。” 她认为，建立亲密友谊需要三个要素：连贯性、积极性和脆弱性。友谊产业往往仅仅始于并终于“在场”：你必须出现。但仅凭一次绘画小酌，并不能造就最好的朋友。 堪萨斯大学传播学教授杰弗里・A・霍尔在研究中发现，从陌生人发展为普通朋友通常需要共度40至60小时，升级为真正的朋友需要相处80至100小时，而建立深厚的友谊总共约需200小时。 理想情况下，参加交友活动的人都知道，如果遇到喜欢的人，应该再次联系对方。那之后的时间呢？再之后呢？如果没有另一个共同的背景或人际关系网让他们经常接触，就很难实现连贯性。 与其不断结识新人、期待擦出火花，不如用心经营已有的友谊——要知道，在你忙着和陌生人打羽毛球时，老朋友们正被你晾在一边。 这就要提到纳尔逊的另一大支柱——积极性：衡量一段友谊让你感觉有多好的指标。她注意到，太多人感到不堪重负、精疲力竭；他们可能会出现在朋友面前，把“朋友时间”从代办清单上划掉，却没有真正全神贯注地对待这些朋友。 Issue 8 超级明星困境 1、 原文初探 The superstar conundrum The competition for the world's best AI talent is frenzied. Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Meta, has personally taken charge of efforts to recruit for a "superintelligence" lab. The sums on offer are eye-watering: a rumoured $200m-plus to prise away the head of Apple's AI models. OpenAI executives are said to be "recalibrating" compensation in order to ward off Mr Zuckerberg. But hiring hotshots makes sense only if you believe that talent is portable, and that superstars will continue to shine in their new organisations. That is debatable. On average, internal hires outperform external ones. People promoted from within have some obvious immediate advantages over new joiners. They know who to approach to ask dumb questions; they can actually log in. If these kinds of basic procedural issues were the only problem, then a star should quickly brush them aside. But the more profound issue is that a person's performance is not just a matter of their own brilliance. It is often inseparable from the context - the relationships, culture, processes and tacit knowledge-that surrounds a star. A variety of studies have tried to tease out how much these firm-specific factors matter to the performance of hotshots. Perhaps the best-known research in this area has been done by Boris Groysberg of Harvard Business School. In one paper written with Linda-Eling Lee, of MSCI, and Ashish Nanda, also of Harvard, Mr Groysberg looked at the performance of the best investment analysts, as measured by external rankings, after they had moved firms. In theory, a move ought not to have made much difference to how well they did their job: analysts often cover the same firms for the same clients. In practice, the stars' performance declined compared with colleagues who stayed put. That may be because incoming stars disrupt the performance of existing employees. A study by Matteo Prato of ESADE and Fabrizio Ferraro of IESE, both in Spain, also looked at the movement of securities analysts to see if the arrival of an ace affected their new colleagues. They found that the performance of the existing team fell, particularly among lower-ranked analysts; that fits with the hypothesis that stars will gobble resources and attention which might have gone to less celebrated peers. There are nuances. In another co-written paper, Mr Groysberg looked at the performance of top American football players who moved teams. Wide receivers, whose job entails complicated plans involving words like scrimmage, did worse if they switched teams than those who did not. Punters, who are very good at kicking a ball but don't have to interact much with their teammates, saw no such drop. If a job genuinely depends on individual prowess, talent can travel. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What did Boris Groysberg find about top investment analysts who moved firms? A.Their performance remained the same as before. B.Their performance was better than colleagues who stayed. C.Their performance declined compared with colleagues who stayed. D.They covered more firms for new clients after moving. 【答案】C。细节理解题，根据第八段 “In practice, the stars' performance declined compared with colleagues who stayed put” 可知，格罗斯伯格发现跳槽的顶级投资分析师表现比留在原公司的同事差，C 正确。A（表现不变）、B（表现更好）与原文相悖；D（跳槽后为新客户负责更多公司）未提及。 易错点提示：注意区分 “in theory”（理论上）和 “in practice”（实际上）的内容差异，避免误选与理论假设相关的选项。 2. Why do wide receivers perform worse when switching teams? A.They are not good at kicking the ball. B.Their job relies heavily on teamwork and context. C.They don't have enough individual prowess. D.New teams usually don't provide enough resources. 【答案】B。推理判断题，根据第十二段 “Wide receivers, whose job entails complicated plans involving words like scrimmage...did worse if they switched teams” 及第十三段 “If a job genuinely depends on individual prowess, talent can travel” 可推知，外接手转会后表现差是因为其工作依赖复杂战术（需团队配合）和环境，而弃踢手依赖个人能力所以表现不受影响，B 正确。A（不擅长踢球）与外接手职责无关；C（缺乏个人能力）错误，他们是 “top players”；D（新团队资源不足）未提及。 解题技巧：通过对比外接手和弃踢手的工作差异（是否依赖团队 / 环境）推断原因。 3. The underlined word"tacit"in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______. A.explicit B.hidden C.written D.public 【答案】B。词义猜测题，根据第五段 “tacit knowledge” 与 “relationships, culture, processes” 并列，且结合 “心照不宣的知识” 这一语境，“tacit” 应表示 “隐性的、隐藏的”，B 正确。A（明确的）、C（书面的）、D（公开的）均为反义词，不符合语境。 解题技巧：通过并列结构和常识（企业中存在 “隐性知识”）推断词汇含义。 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A.The competition for AI talent is becoming less fierce. B.Hiring external superstars always brings better results for companies. C.The value of superstars depends on whether their job relies on context or individual prowess. D.Internal hires are always more competent than external ones. 【答案】C。主旨大意题，文章先介绍 AI 人才竞争现状，再通过研究说明明星员工表现受公司环境影响，最后指出 “工作依赖个人能力则人才可迁移，依赖环境则不可”，核心是 “明星员工的价值取决于工作对环境或个人能力的依赖程度”，C 正确。A（AI 人才竞争变缓）错误，原文是 “frenzied”；B（雇佣外部明星总能带来好结果）错误，原文强调 “表现可能下滑”；D（内部招聘者总是更称职）错误，“on average” 说明是平均情况，非绝对。 5. What is the author's attitude towards hiring external superstars? A.Fully supportive. B.Neutral,presenting evidence for both sides. C.Strongly opposed. D.Unconcerned. 【答案】B。观点态度题，作者既介绍了公司争夺明星员工的现象，也通过研究客观呈现 “明星员工表现可能下滑” 和 “工作性质影响人才迁移” 的观点，未明确支持或反对，态度中立，B 正确。A（完全支持）、C（强烈反对）、D（不关心）均不符合客观叙述的立场。 （二）语法填空 1. The competition for the world's best AI talent is ______. A. frenzied B. calm C. slow D. easy 答案：A 解析：根据原文第一段 “The competition for the world's best AI talent is frenzied”，此处需填入表示 “激烈的” 形容词，“frenzied” 符合语境，A 正确。B（平静的）、C（缓慢的）、D（容易的）均与 “竞争激烈” 的语境相反。 关联词汇拓展：“frenzied” 与 “furious”“intense” 同义，均表示 “激烈的”，如 “intense competition”（激烈的竞争）。 2. In theory, moving firms shouldn't affect analysts' performance; ______, their performance declined in practice. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. besides 答案：B 解析：前半句 “理论上跳槽不影响表现” 与后半句 “实际上表现下滑” 是转折关系，“however” 表转折，B 正确。A（因此）表因果，C（而且）表递进，D（此外）表补充，均不符合逻辑。 回顾文章同类逻辑结构：第八段 “In theory...In practice...” 也通过转折关系对比理论与实际情况，与本题逻辑一致。 （三）语言应用 1.用“ward off”的适当形式填空： OpenAI is recalibrating compensation to______Mr Zuckerberg's recruitment efforts. 答案：ward off 解析：“ward off” 表示 “防止；避开”，句子意为 “OpenAI 正在调整薪酬以避开扎克伯格的招聘攻势”，符合语境。 2.将“It is important for companies to consider firm-specific factors”改写为 “______firm-specific factors is important for companies.” 答案：Considering 解析：原句中 “It” 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 “to consider firm-specific factors”（考虑公司特有因素）。 当改写为 “______ firm-specific factors is important for companies” 时，需要将不定式结构转换为 动名词作主语（动名词可直接置于句首作主语，保持句子主语的语法一致性），“to consider” 的动名词形式为 “Considering”，且句首首字母需大写，故填 “Considering”。 易错点提示：注意区分 “动名词作主语” 与 “不定式作主语” 的转换规则 —— 二者均可作主语，但动名词作主语更侧重习惯性、普遍性的动作，此处 “公司考虑特有因素” 是普遍建议，用 “Considering” 更贴合语境；同时避免误填 “Consider”（动词原形不能直接作主语）或 “To consider”（不定式作主语时通常不直接置于句首，需用形式主语 “It” 引导）。 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 conundrum /kəˈnʌndrəm/ n. 难题；困惑（=puzzle） 例句：The company faces the conundrum of how to attract top talent. 搭配：solve a conundrum（解决难题）。 frenzied /ˈfrenzid/ adj. 狂热的；激烈的（=furious） 例句：There was a frenzied competition for the limited spots. 搭配：frenzied activity（狂热的活动）。 eye-watering /ˈaɪ wɔːtərɪŋ/ adj. 令人咋舌的；惊人的（尤指数量或金额） 例句：The eye-watering salary attracted many applicants. 近义词：staggering。 prise /praɪz/ v. 撬开；挖走（=poach） 例句：The company tried to prise the top engineer from its rival. 搭配：prise sb. away from（把某人从…… 挖走）。 recalibrate /ˌriːˈkælɪbreɪt/ v. 重新调整；重新校准 例句：The team needs to recalibrate its strategy. 名词形式：recalibration。 tacit /ˈtæsɪt/ adj. 心照不宣的；含蓄的（=implied） 例句：They have a tacit understanding about teamwork. 搭配：tacit knowledge（隐性知识）。 tease out  梳理；弄清楚（=figure out） 例句：The study aims to tease out the key factors affecting performance. gobble /ˈɡɒbl/ v. 狼吞虎咽；抢占（资源等）（=snatch） 例句：The new project gobbled up most of the budget. 搭配：gobble up（抢占；吞噬）。 entail /ɪnˈteɪl/ v. 牵涉；需要（=involve） 例句：The job entails frequent business trips. 搭配：entail doing sth.（需要做某事）。 prowess /ˈpraʊəs/ n. 高超技艺；非凡能力（=skill） 例句：His athletic prowess won him many medals. 搭配：display prowess（展示技艺）。 （2） 句型库 take charge of  负责；掌管（=be in charge of） 例句：She took charge of the company's recruitment drive. 替换表达：be responsible for。 ward off  防止；避开（=ward off） 例句：Exercise can help ward off illness. 替换表达：keep at bay。 make sense  有意义；合理（=be reasonable） 例句：Hiring internal staff makes sense for this role. 句型：make sense to do sth.（做某事合理）。 brush aside  无视；撇开（=ignore） 例句：He brushed aside the minor difficulties. 替换表达：dismiss。 stay put  留在原地；保持不变（=remain in place） 例句：Most employees chose to stay put during the company's restructuring. fit with  符合；与…… 一致（=be consistent with） 例句：The data fits with our hypothesis. 替换表达：align with。 depend on  依靠；取决于（=rely on） 例句：Success depends on hard work and luck. 句型：depend on whether...（取决于是否……）。 （3） 语法点 · 非谓语动词作定语 例句：Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Meta, has personally taken charge of efforts to recruit for a "superintelligence" lab.（第二段） 解析：“to recruit for a'superintelligence' lab” 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 “efforts”，表示 “为…… 招募的努力”，不定式作定语常表未完成或将要发生的动作。 考点：区分不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语的差异 —— 不定式表目的 / 将来，现在分词表主动 / 进行，过去分词表被动 / 完成。 · 定语从句 例句：Wide receivers, whose job entails complicated plans involving words like scrimmage, did worse if they switched teams than those who did not.（第十二段） 解析：“whose job entails...scrimmage” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “wide receivers”，关系代词 “whose” 在从句中作定语，表 “…… 的”；“who did not” 是限制性定语从句，修饰 “those”，关系代词 “who” 作主语。 考点：非限制性定语从句不能用 “that” 引导，且与主句用逗号隔开；“whose” 可修饰人或物，如 “The house whose windows face south is mine.”。 （4） 长难句 1. In one paper written with Linda-Eling Lee, of MSCI, and Ashish Nanda, also of Harvard, Mr Groysberg looked at the performance of the best investment analysts, as measured by external rankings, after they had moved firms. 句子成分： · 主语：Mr Groysberg · 谓语：looked at · 宾语：the performance of the best investment analysts · 定语：written with...Harvard（过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “paper”）；as measured by external rankings（非限制性定语，修饰 “performance”） · 时间状语从句：after they had moved firms（“they” 指代 “investment analysts”） 释义：在一篇与 MSCI 的林达 - 埃琳・李以及同样来自哈佛的阿什什・南达合著的论文中，格罗斯伯格研究了顶级投资分析师（依据外部排名衡量）跳槽后的工作表现。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. Meta 的老板马克・扎克伯格亲自负责为 “超级智能” 实验室招募人才。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 一项研究发现，明星员工的加入会降低现有团队的表现，尤其是排名较低的员工。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Meta, has personally taken charge of recruiting talent for the "superintelligence" lab. 2. A study found that the arrival of star employees reduces the performance of existing teams, especially among lower-ranked employees. （2） 汉译英 1. But the more profound issue is that a person's performance is not just a matter of their own brilliance. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. If a job genuinely depends on individual prowess, talent can travel. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. 但更核心的问题在于，一个人的表现不仅仅取决于其自身的才华。 2. 如果一份工作真的完全依赖个人的高超技艺，那么人才（的价值）是可以迁移的。 五、全文译通 超级明星困境 全球顶尖人工智能（AI）人才的争夺战异常激烈。Meta 公司老板马克・扎克伯格已亲自负责为 “超级智能” 实验室招募人才的工作。 开出的薪酬令人咋舌：据传需支付 2 亿多美元才能挖走苹果公司 AI 模型部门的负责人。据称，OpenAI 的高管们正在 “重新调整” 薪酬方案，以防扎克伯格挖走自家人才。 但雇佣明星员工的合理性，仅建立在两个假设之上：一是人才具有可迁移性，二是超级明星在新组织中仍能持续闪耀。而这两个假设的合理性有待商榷。 平均而言，内部招聘的员工表现优于外部招聘者。从内部晋升的员工相较于新入职者，拥有一些明显的即时优势：他们知道该找谁请教基础问题，也熟悉公司系统的登录操作。 如果这些基本流程问题是唯一的障碍，那么明星员工理应能迅速克服。但更核心的问题在于，一个人的表现不仅取决于自身才华，还往往与围绕其的环境密不可分 —— 包括人际关系、企业文化、工作流程以及隐性知识。 多项研究试图厘清这些公司特有因素对明星员工表现的影响程度。哈佛商学院的鲍里斯・格罗斯伯格或许是该领域最知名的研究者。 在一篇与 MSCI 的林达 - 埃琳・李以及同样来自哈佛的阿什什・南达合著的论文中，格罗斯伯格研究了顶级投资分析师（依据外部排名衡量）跳槽后的工作表现。 理论上，跳槽本不该对他们的工作表现产生太大影响：分析师通常为同一批客户负责相同的公司。但实际上，这些明星员工的表现相较于留在原公司的同事有所下滑。 这可能是因为新加入的明星员工会扰乱现有员工的表现。西班牙 ESADE 商学院的马特奥・普拉托与 IESE 商学院的法布里奇奥・费拉罗共同开展的一项研究，也追踪了证券分析师的流动情况，以探究顶尖高手的加入是否会影响其新同事。 他们发现，现有团队的表现会下滑，尤其是排名较低的分析师；这与 “明星员工会抢占本可能流向普通同事的资源与关注” 这一假设相符。 当然，其中也存在细微差别。在另一篇合著论文中，格罗斯伯格研究了转会的顶级美式橄榄球运动员的表现。 外接手的工作涉及复杂的战术安排（其中会用到 “争球线” 等术语），他们在转会后的表现会比未转会的外接手更差；而弃踢手虽然擅长踢球，但无需与队友进行过多互动，其表现并未出现此类下滑。 如果一份工作真的完全依赖个人高超技艺，那么人才的可迁移性便不成问题。 Issue 9 Z 世代为何痴迷大水杯？ 1、 原文初探 Why is Gen Z obsessed with large water bottles? If you thought a reusable water bottle was a plain, boring receptacle-brought out of the cupboard only for long hikes-then you would be wrong. For Gen Z, a water bottle is both a necessity and a fashion statement. Social media are awash with videos of tumblers. The hashtag #WaterTok has 2.5bn views on TikTok. Youngsters connect their water bottles "to their outfit and to their lifestyle", says Matt Navarro, global president of Stanley 1913, a leading brand. They festoon their cups with all kinds of accessories, including stickers and keychains. Some buy straps, snack trays and backpacks for their beakers. To tap into demand, companies such as Owala and Yeti make bottles in all sorts of colours. An obsession with "self-care" helps explain the flood of interest, as many believe that water is the secret to glowing skin and mental acuity. This has led to people drinking more, a trend dubbed "hydration inflation". Stanley's most popular cup holds 1,200 millilitres of life-sustaining liquid. The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit: the value of sales of portable drinkware in America reached $4bn in the year ending in May 2025; some 270m containers were sold in the country, up from 240m two years ago. Drinking fashions ebb and flow. In the late 1970s bottled water became the cool thing in America, notes James Salzman, the author of a book about drinking water. Luxury brands sprang up; by the 2000s celebrities were naming their favourites. Rumours swirled that Mariah Carey bathed in French mineral water. Gen Z is an eco-conscious cohort. Yet the reusable-cup trend is more about style than sustainability. The desire for Stanleys is so great that a secondary trade is thriving: limited-edition cups resell for as much as $800. Talk about liquid assets. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What can we know about the sales of portable drinkware in America by May 2025? A. The sales value reached $400 million. B. About 240 million containers were sold. C. The sales value was $4 billion. D. The number of sold containers was the same as two years ago. 【答案】C。细节理解题，根据第六段 “the value of sales of portable drinkware in America reached $4bn in the year ending in May 2025”可知，截至2025年5月，美国便携式杯具销售额达40亿美元，C选项正确。A选项“4亿美元”（$400 million）与原文 “$4bn”（40亿美元）不符；B选项“售出2.4亿个”是两年前的销量，而非2025年5月的数据；D选项“销量与两年前相同”错误，原文提到2025年5月前售出约2.7亿个，较两年前的2.4亿个有所增长。 易错点提示：注意区分“$4bn”（40 亿美元）与 “$400 million”（4 亿美元），以及不同时间节点的销量数据，避免因单位或时间混淆选错答案。 2. What can be inferred from the fact that limited-edition Stanleys resell for up to $800? A. Gen Z doesn't care about the price of water bottles. B. The demand for Stanley water bottles is extremely high. C. Reusable water bottles are not eco-friendly at all. D. Luxury brands of water bottles are not popular. 【答案】B。推理判断题，根据第八段 “The desire for Stanleys is so great that a secondary trade is thriving: limited-edition cups resell for as much as $800” 可知，限量版斯坦利水杯转售价高达 800 美元，是因为人们对该品牌水杯需求极高，催生了二级市场，B 选项正确。A 选项 “Z 世代不在乎水杯价格” 过于绝对，原文仅体现需求高，未提及对价格的态度；C 选项 “可重复使用水杯完全不环保” 错误，原文说 “潮流更关乎风格而非环保”，并非 “完全不环保”；D 选项 “奢侈水杯品牌不受欢迎” 与原文 “奢侈品牌涌现，明星提及最爱品牌” 不符。 解题技巧：通过 “需求高导致二级市场繁荣、转售价格高” 的逻辑关系推断需求情况。 3. The underlined word "festoon" in Paragraph 4 probably means ______. A. decorate B. clean C. break D. empty 【答案】A。词义猜测题，根据第四段 “with all kinds of accessories, including stickers and keychains” 可知，Z 世代用水杯贴纸、钥匙链等配件装饰水杯，“festoon” 应表示 “装饰”，A 选项正确。B 选项 “清洁”、C 选项 “打破”、D 选项 “倒空” 均不符合 “用配件装饰水杯” 的语境。 解题技巧：结合后文 “配件（贴纸、钥匙链）” 的提示，推断 “festoon” 的含义为 “装饰”。 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to choose a suitable reusable water bottle. B. The history of drinking fashions in America. C. Why Gen Z is crazy about reusable water bottles as a fashion item. D. The environmental benefits of using reusable water bottles. 【答案】C。主旨大意题，文章开篇指出 Z 世代将水杯视为时尚宣言，接着介绍社交媒体上的水杯热潮、Z 世代对水杯的装饰行为、热潮背后的原因（自我关怀）、相关销量数据，以及与环保的关系，核心是 “Z 世代为何将可重复使用水杯当作时尚单品追捧”，C 选项正确。A 选项 “如何选择合适的可重复使用水杯” 原文未提及；B 选项 “美国饮水潮流史” 仅在第七段略有涉及，并非文章主旨；D 选项 “使用可重复使用水杯的环保益处” 与原文 “潮流更关乎风格而非环保” 不符，且非核心内容。 5. What is the author's attitude towards Gen Z's passion for reusable water bottles? A. Fully critical. B. Neutral, presenting facts and phenomena. C. Strongly supportive. D. Indifferent. 【答案】B。观点态度题，作者客观呈现了 Z 世代追捧可重复使用水杯的现象（社交媒体热潮、装饰行为、销量数据）、背后原因（自我关怀），以及与环保的关系（更关乎风格），未表达 “支持” 或 “批判” 的明确态度，仅中立陈述事实和现象，B 选项正确。A 选项 “完全批判”、C 选项 “强烈支持”、D 选项 “漠不关心” 均不符合原文客观叙述的风格。 （2） 语法填空 1. Social media are ______ with videos of tumblers. A. awash B. filled C. empty D. short 答案：A 解析：根据原文 “Social media are awash with videos of tumblers”，“awash” 表示 “充斥着”，与 “be filled with” 为近义词，但 “be awash with” 更具书面语色彩，且是原文固定搭配，贴合 “社交媒体上满是水杯视频” 的语境，A 正确。B（充满的）虽为近义词，但原文明确使用 “awash”，且 “be filled with” 需搭配 “with”，此处若选 B 则句子结构重复（“are filled with with”）；C（空的）、D（短缺的）与 “25 亿次浏览量” 的语境完全相反。 关联词汇拓展：“awash” 与 “flooded”“saturated” 同义，均表示 “充满、充斥”，如 “The market is saturated with cheap smartphones.”（市场上充斥着廉价智能手机）。 2. Gen Z is an eco-conscious cohort; ______, the reusable-cup trend is more about style than sustainability. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. besides 答案：B 解析：前半句 “Z 世代是具有环保意识的群体” 与后半句 “可重复使用水杯潮流更关乎风格而非环保” 存在转折关系，“however” 表转折，B 正确。A（因此）表因果，用于连接 “环保意识强→选择环保水杯” 的顺承逻辑，与原文矛盾；C（而且）、D（此外）表递进，用于补充同类信息，不符合 “环保意识与潮流本质相悖” 的逻辑。 回顾文章同类逻辑结构：第二段 “If you thought...then you would be wrong” 也通过转折关系否定 “水杯只是普通容器” 的观点，与本题 “前肯后否” 的转折逻辑一致。 （3） 语言应用 1. 用 “quench” 的适当形式填空： The cold drink ______ his thirst quickly on a hot day. 答案：quenched 解析：“quench” 表示 “解渴、熄灭”，句子描述 “热天冷饮快速解渴” 的过去场景，需用一般过去时，“quench” 的过去式为 “quenched”。结合原文第六段 “The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit”，“quench one's thirst” 是固定搭配，此处语境与原文 “解渴” 含义一致。 2. 将 “It is believed that water is the secret to glowing skin” 改写为 “ Water ______ to be the secret to glowing skin.” 答案：is believed 解析：原句 “It is believed that...” 是 “it 作形式主语” 的句型，真正主语是 “that water is the secret to glowing skin”；改写后需将主动结构 “people believe water...” 转换为被动结构 “Water is believed to be...”，“is believed” 符合被动语态和主谓一致（主语 “Water” 为不可数名词，用单数谓语），且保持句意不变。 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 reusable /ˌriːˈjuːzəbl/ adj. 可重复使用的（=recyclable，此处侧重 “多次使用”，recyclable 侧重 “可回收”） 例句：We should use reusable bags to reduce plastic pollution. 搭配：reusable products（可重复使用产品）。 receptacle /rɪˈseptəkl/ n. 容器；贮藏器（=container） 例句：This box can be used as a receptacle for old books. 语境例句：The article refers to a water bottle as a "plain, boring receptacle". awash /əˈwɒʃ/ adj. 充斥着的；被淹没的（=filled） 例句：The Internet is awash with information about this event. 搭配：be awash with sth.（充斥着某物）。 festoon /feˈstuːn/ v. 装饰；点缀（=decorate） 例句：They festooned the room with balloons for the party. 语境例句：Youngsters festoon their cups with stickers and keychains. accessory /əkˈsesəri/ n. 配件；饰品（=attachment） 例句：She bought some accessories for her mobile phone. 搭配：fashion accessories（时尚配饰）。 obsession /əbˈseʃn/ n. 痴迷；迷恋（=craze） 例句：His obsession with video games affects his study. 搭配：obsession with sth.（对某物的痴迷）。 acuity /əˈkjuːəti/ n. 敏锐；敏锐度（=sharpness） 例句：Reading can improve mental acuity. 语境例句：Many believe water is the secret to mental acuity. hype /haɪp/ n. 炒作；大肆宣传（=promotion，此处含 “过度宣传” 意味） 例句：The hype about this new product made it very popular. 搭配：media hype（媒体炒作）。 quench /kwentʃ/ v. 解渴；熄灭（=satisfy，侧重 “解渴”“灭火”） 例句：A glass of cold water quenched my thirst. 语境例句：The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 维持；支撑（=maintain） 例句：This food can sustain us for a long time. 形容词形式：sustaining（维持生命的） 语境例句："life-sustaining liquid" refers to water. （2） 句型库 be awash with  充斥着；满是 例句：The street is awash with colorful lights during the festival. 替换表达：be filled with, be full of。 tap into  挖掘；利用（资源、需求等） 例句：The company is trying to tap into the young market. 替换表达：explore, make use of。 ebb and flow  潮起潮落；有起有伏 例句：The popularity of this singer has ebbed and flowed over the years. 用法：常用以描述趋势、情绪等的变化。 spring up  突然出现；迅速兴起 例句：Many new restaurants have sprung up in this area recently. 替换表达：pop up, emerge suddenly。 swirl around/that 流传；散布（谣言、消息等） 例句：Rumors swirled around that the company would close down. 替换表达：spread, circulate。 more...than...  与其说…… 不如说…… 例句：He is more brave than foolish. 解析：此处表示肯定前者、否定后者，原文 “the reusable-cup trend is more about style than sustainability” 意为 “可重复使用水杯潮流与其说为环保，不如说为风格”。 so...that...  如此…… 以至于…… 例句：He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 解析：引导结果状语从句，原文 “The desire for Stanleys is so great that a secondary trade is thriving” 中，“so great” 是原因，“a secondary trade is thriving” 是结果。 （3） 语法点 · 过去分词作定语 例句：If you thought a reusable water bottle was a plain, boring receptacle-brought out of the cupboard only for long hikes-then you would be wrong.（第二段） 解析：“brought out of the cupboard only for long hikes” 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “receptacle”，表示 “被从橱柜里拿出来（用于长途徒步）的（容器）”，过去分词与所修饰词之间是被动关系（容器被拿出来）。 考点提示：区分过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语 —— 过去分词表被动、完成，如 “a book written by Lu Xun”（鲁迅写的书）；现在分词表主动、进行，如 “a girl reading a book”（正在看书的女孩）。 · 同位语从句 例句：Rumours swirled that Mariah Carey bathed in French mineral water.（第七段） 解析：“that Mariah Carey bathed in French mineral water” 是同位语从句，对 “Rumours” 的具体内容进行解释说明，从句结构完整，不缺成分，“that” 仅起连接作用，无实际意义。 考点提示：同位语从句常跟在 “fact, news, rumour, idea” 等抽象名词后，与定语从句区分 —— 定语从句中 “that” 在从句中作成分（主语、宾语等），如 “The news that he told me is true.”（定语从句，“that” 作宾语）；同位语从句中 “that” 不作成分，如 “The news that he won the prize is true.”（同位语从句）。 （4） 长难句 1. The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit: the value of sales of portable drinkware in America reached $4bn in the year ending in May 2025; some 270m containers were sold in the country, up from 240m two years ago. 句子成分： · 主句为 “The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit”，其中 “the hype” 是主语，“is quenching” 是谓语，“brands' thirst for profit” 是宾语； · 冒号后是两个并列的分句，对主句内容进行补充说明，第一个分句 “the value...May 2025” 中，“the value of sales of portable drinkware in America” 是主语，“reached” 是谓语，“$4bn” 是宾语，“in the year ending in May 2025” 是时间状语（“ending in May 2025” 是现在分词作定语修饰 “the year”）；第二个分句 “some 270m...two years ago” 中，“some 270m containers” 是主语，“were sold” 是谓语，“up from 240m two years ago” 是状语，表数量变化。 释义：这种炒作正在满足品牌对利润的渴望：截至 2025 年 5 月，美国便携式杯具的销售额已达 40 亿美元；该国售出约 2.7 亿个杯具，较两年前的 2.4 亿个有所增长。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. Z 世代将水杯与他们的穿搭风格和生活方式联系在一起。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 对 “自我关怀” 的痴迷使得人们喝更多的水，这一趋势被称为 “补水膨胀”。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Gen Z connects their water bottles to their outfit and lifestyle. 2. An obsession with "self-care" has led people to drink more, a trend dubbed "hydration inflation". （2） 汉译英 1. "For Gen Z, a water bottle is both a necessity and a fashion statement." ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. "Yet the reusable-cup trend is more about style than sustainability." ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. “对 Z 世代来说，水杯既是生活必需品，也是时尚宣言。” 2. “然而，可重复使用水杯的潮流与其说关乎可持续发展（环保），不如说关乎时尚风格。” 五、全文译通 Z 世代为何痴$$ 外刊拓维： 10篇精读打开认知维度 目录 Issue1 小米的崛起之路：从手机到汽车的跨界 1 Issue 4 我如何在 50 多岁时保持健康？ 28 Issue 5 屏幕时间非关键，成瘾性使用是真凶 37 Issue 6 可以让孩子整个暑假都无所事事地 “发霉” 吗？​ 45 Issue 7 孤独，靠多交朋友就能解决吗？ 54 Issue 8 超级明星困境 63 Issue 9 Z 世代为何痴迷大水杯？ 72 Issue 10 三个问题帮你提升决策的速度与质量 81 Issue1 小米的崛起之路：从手机到汽车的跨界 一、原文初探 The Rise of Xiaomi: A Cross-Border Legend from Smartphones to Automobiles Ever since he co-founded Xiaomi in 2010, Lei Jun, the chief executive of the Chinese tech giant, has pulled off feat after feat of salesmanship. A decade ago he earned a Guinness World Record for selling 2.1m smartphones online in 24 hours. Last month Xiaomi sold more than 200,000 of its first electric SUV, the YU7, within three minutes of bringing it onto the market. Only Apple and Samsung sell more smartphones worldwide. The company also peddles a vast array of devices that connect to its handsets, from air-conditioners and robo-vacuums to scooters and televisions. With the successful release of the YU7-its second electric vehicle (EV) after the SU7, a sporty sedan launched in March last year-Xiaomi has pulled off a feat that eluded Apple, which ditched plans to make its own EV after burning billions of dollars on the effort over a decade. Can anything stop its stunning ascent? Xiaomi's success in EVs is partly down to being in the right place at the right time. China these days is awash in carmaking know-how; Mr Lei was able to nab top talent from a number of other companies. Getting a factory approved and built can be done far more quickly in China than most other places. But Mr Lei also deserves plenty of credit. Insiders note that, unlike Apple's Tim Cook, he took personal control over his company's carmaking project. Success required deep changes to how the company operated. Prior to its foray into EVs, Xiaomi did not own factories; like Apple, it outsourced the production of its phones and other devices. Yet it chose to build its own EV factory in Beijing, which it is expanding, in order to ensure strict oversight. It is now adopting the approach elsewhere in its business: last year it began producing smartphones at another facility in Beijing, and it is building a plant in Wuhan where it will make other connected devices, starting with air-conditioners. 2、 阅读闯关 （一）阅读理解 1. How many of Xiaomi's first electric SUV, the YU7, were sold within three minutes? A. 2.1 million B. More than 200,000 C. 100,000 D. 20,000 2. Why is Xiaomi more successful than Apple in making EVs? A. Apple has no experience in technology. B. Xiaomi has more money than Apple. C. Xiaomi has better timing and leadership. D. Apple doesn't care about the EV market. 3. What does "ditched" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. continued B. abandoned C. started D. changed 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Xiaomi's development and achievements in multiple fields B. How Lei Jun became a successful CEO C. The competition between Xiaomi and Apple D. The future of electric vehicles in China （二）语法填空 1. Xiaomi's success in EVs is partly down to being in the right place at the right time. China these days is ______ in carmaking know-how... A. empty B. poor C. awash D. short 2. Prior to its foray into EVs, Xiaomi did not own factories; ______, like Apple, it outsourced the production of its phones. A. however B. instead C. therefore D. besides （三）语言应用 1. 用 “nab” 的适当形式填空： The company ______ (nab) several top engineers from its competitors last year. 2. 将原文句子 “Getting a factory approved and built can be done far more quickly in China than most other places.” 改写为： It is far ______ to get a factory approved and built in China than in most other places. 3、 语点精析 （1） 核心词 feat 词性：n. 释义：功绩；壮举（an impressive achievement） 语境例句：Lei Jun has pulled off feat after feat in sales since founding Xiaomi. 搭配：accomplish a feat（完成壮举）；feat of strength（力量壮举） 同义词：achievement, exploit peddle 词性：v. 释义：兜售；贩卖（sell goods, especially by moving from place to place） 语境例句：Xiaomi peddles a variety of smart devices, including phones and air-conditioners. 同义词：sell, market, trade elude 词性：v. 释义：未被…… 获得；避开（escape from or avoid, especially by cleverness） 语境例句：The success eluded Apple despite its efforts to make EVs. 反义词：achieve, attain, reach ditch 词性：v. 释义：放弃；抛弃（abandon or get rid of something） 语境例句：Apple ditched its EV plans after spending too much money. 同义词：abandon, discard, quit ascent 词性：n. 释义：崛起；上升（the process of rising or becoming successful） 语境例句：Xiaomi's stunning ascent in the tech industry is impressive. 反义词：decline, descent awash 词性：adj. 释义：充斥的；丰富的（filled with a large amount of something） 语境例句：China is awash in carmaking technology and skilled workers. 搭配：awash with/in sth.（充满某物） 同义词：flooded, abundant nab 词性：v. 释义：获取；抓住（catch or seize, especially quickly） 语境例句：Mr Lei nabbed top talent from other companies to develop EVs. 同义词：grab, recruit, capture foray 词性：n. 释义：尝试；涉足（a short attempt to enter a new field） 语境例句：Xiaomi's foray into electric vehicles was very successful. 搭配：make a foray into（涉足…… 领域） outsource 词性：v. 释义：外包（send work to an outside company） 语境例句：Xiaomi outsourced phone production before building its own factories. 反义词：insource（内包） （2） 句型库 pull off 含义：成功完成（困难的事情） 替换表达：accomplish, succeed in doing 例句：The team pulled off a surprising victory in the competition. partly down to 含义：部分由于 替换表达：partly because of, partly due to 例句：His good grades are partly down to hard work. prior to 含义：在…… 之前 替换表达：before, earlier than 例句：Prior to the meeting, we need to prepare the documents. in order to 含义：为了 替换表达：so as to, to（不定式表目的） 例句：She studies hard in order to get into a good university. with 复合结构 原文例句：With the successful release of the YU7, Xiaomi has pulled off a feat... 结构：with + 名词 + 形容词 / 分词（作状语，表伴随 / 原因） 仿写：With the rain stopping, we decided to go for a walk. which 引导非限制性定语从句 原文例句：Apple, which ditched plans to make its own EV... 结构：which 指代先行词（Apple），补充说明，用逗号隔开 仿写：My hometown, which is a small city, has changed a lot. it 作形式主语 原文例句：It is now adopting the approach elsewhere in its business... 结构：it 作形式主语，指代后文的动作（adopting the approach） 仿写：It is important to learn English well. （3） 语法点 · 现在完成时 原文例句：Ever since he co-founded Xiaomi in 2010, Lei Jun... has pulled off feat after feat. 用法分析：现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，或对现在有影响。标志词 “ever since”（自从…… 以来）明确动作起点（2010 年），强调 “pull off feat” 这一动作持续至今。 考点提示：区分与一般过去时的差异 —— 现在完成时强调 “与现在的联系”（如 “has pulled off” 暗示成就延续到现在），一般过去时仅表示过去的动作（如 “co-founded” 仅说明过去的创办行为）。 · 过去分词作定语 原文例句：a sporty sedan launched in March last year 用法分析：“launched in March last year” 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “sedan”，表示被动（轿车被发布）和完成（动作已在去年发生）。 考点提示：对比现在分词作定语（表主动 / 进行，如 “the boy running on the playground”），避免混淆两种非谓语形式的用法。 （4） 长难句 1. With the successful release of the YU7-its second electric vehicle (EV) after the SU7, a sporty sedan launched in March last year-Xiaomi has pulled off a feat that eluded Apple, which ditched plans to make its own EV after burning billions of dollars on the effort over a decade. 成分分析： · 状语：With the successful release of the YU7（with 复合结构，表伴随） · 插入语：its second electric vehicle... last year（补充说明 YU7 的身份，其中 “launched in March last year” 是过去分词短语修饰 “sedan”） · 主句：Xiaomi has pulled off a feat · 定语从句 1：that eluded Apple（修饰 “feat”，说明是苹果未实现的成就） · 定语从句 2：which ditched... over a decade（修饰 “Apple”，补充苹果的行为及原因） 释义：随着小米第二款电动汽车 YU7（继去年 3 月推出的跑车型轿车 SU7 之后）的成功发布，小米实现了苹果公司未能达成的成就 —— 苹果在十年间投入数十亿美元研发电动汽车后，最终放弃了这一计划。 2. Success required deep changes to how the company operated. Prior to its foray into EVs, Xiaomi did not own factories; like Apple, it outsourced the production of its phones and other devices. 成分分析： · 第一句：简单句，主干为 “Success required deep changes”，“to how the company operated” 作后置定语，修饰 “changes” · 第二句：由分号连接的并列句，前半句说明小米过去没有工厂，后半句说明其生产模式（外包） 释义：成功需要对公司的运营方式进行深刻变革。在涉足电动汽车领域之前，小米没有自己的工厂；和苹果公司一样，它将手机及其他设备的生产外包了出去。 4、 拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 雷军自 2010 年创立小米以来取得了许多成就。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 为了确保质量，小米决定自建电动汽车工厂。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. Only Apple and Samsung sell more smartphones worldwide than Xiaomi. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. China these days is awash in carmaking know-how, which helps Xiaomi develop EVs quickly. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5、 全文译通 小米的崛起之路：从手机到汽车的跨界 自 2010 年联合创办小米以来，这家中国科技巨头的首席执行官雷军屡屡创下销售奇迹。十年前，他因在 24 小时内网上售出 210 万台智能手机而获得吉尼斯世界纪录。 上个月，小米首款电动 SUV 车型 YU7 上市三分钟内销量就突破了 20 万辆。全球范围内，只有苹果和三星的智能手机销量超过它。该公司还出售大量可连接其手机的设备，从空调、扫地机器人到滑板车和电视机。 随着小米第二款电动汽车 YU7（继去年 3 月推出的跑车型轿车 SU7 之后）的成功发布，小米实现了苹果公司未能达成的成就 —— 苹果在十年间投入数十亿美元研发电动汽车后，最终放弃了这一计划。 有什么能阻止它惊人的崛起吗？ 小米在电动汽车领域的成功部分得益于天时地利。如今的中国有海量的汽车制造专业知识，雷先生得以从多家公司挖来顶尖人才。在中国，工厂获批和建成的速度比大多数其他地方快得多。 但雷先生同样功不可没。知情人士指出，与苹果公司的蒂姆・库克不同，他亲自把控公司的造车项目。 成功需要对公司的运营方式进行深刻变革。在涉足电动汽车领域之前，小米没有自己的工厂；和苹果公司一样，它将手机及其他设备的生产外包了出去。然而，为确保严格监管，该公司选择在北京自建电动汽车工厂（并正在扩建）。 该公司目前正在其他业务部门采用这一方法：去年开始在北京的另一家工厂生产智能手机，并在武汉新建一座工厂，该工厂将生产其他联网设备，首先从空调开始。 Issue 2 为什么走进乐高宝库的人都会热泪盈眶？ 1、 原文初探 Why do people well up when they step into Lego's Vault? There is a locked room in Lego's corporate museum, in Billund in Denmark, which is called the Vault. It is a large space, filled with shelves that are arranged in chronological order, starting in 1958 and stretching towards the present day. Between them, the shelves contain around 10,000 sets of Lego. The Vault is used by the toymaker's designers as a source of inspiration, but its effect on first-time visitors is what makes the room remarkable. It's impossible not to seek out sets from your own childhood, not to be drawn back to an earlier version of yourself and, for lots of people, not to well up. Visiting Lego's vault is a chance to experience the emotional power of a much-loved brand. Marketing experts have a whole taxonomy to describe the ties that bind customers and brands. In a recent review of the literature, Claudio Alvarez, Meredith David and Morris George of Baylor University identify five types of connection that have been the subject of concerted study. The feeling that every marketing manager dreams of eliciting is "brand love". This goes well beyond a belief in the quality of a firm's products to include things like emotional attachment, feelings of passion, frequent use, a strong sense of identification with a brand and more. The flip side of brand love is "brand hate", a reaction that might reflect bad experiences with a product, a strong dislike of a brand's values or simply a rivalry with a loved brand. The three other types of consumer-brand connection identified by Mr Alvarez and his co-authors are "communal relationships", in which people feel a sense of obligation or concern for a brand (local stores can often fit into this category); "brand addiction", often characterised by uncontrollable urges to buy a firm's products and services; and "brand friendships", to denote positive feelings that fall somewhere short of love. Some of this taxonomy can feel a bit forced. But the idea of gradations of attachment rings true; how people feel about a brand determines their behaviour. Vivek Astvansh of McGill University and his co-authors found that people are more likely to report safety incidents when they believe a brand is well-intentioned than when they do not. The reason? They want to provide feedback that can help it to solve the problem. If managers know what kind of connection a brand is likely to have with its customers, the bricks of a marketing strategy will fall into place. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What is the Vault in Lego's museum filled with? A. Old photos of Lego's history B. Around 10,000 sets of Lego C. Designs by famous toy makers D. Awards won by Lego over the years 2. Why do people well up when visiting the Vault? A. They feel sorry for not keeping their childhood toys. B. They are moved by memories of their childhood. C. The room is too crowded and makes them uncomfortable. D. They are surprised by the large number of Lego sets. 3. What does "eliciting" in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. hiding B. destroying C. evoking D. ignoring 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of Lego and its museum B. Different types of consumer-brand connections C. How to build a successful toy brand D. The importance of brand loyalty in marketing （二）语法填空 1. The shelves are arranged in ______ order, starting in 1958 and stretching towards the present day. A. chronological B. random C. similar D. special 2. The Vault is used by designers as a source of inspiration, ______ its effect on first-time visitors is what makes it remarkable. A. so B. but C. or D. for （三）语言应用 1. 用“identify”的适当形式填空：The researchers ______ (identify) five types of consumer-brand connections in their study. 2. 将原文句子“It's impossible not to seek out sets from your own childhood.” 改写为： People ______ seek out sets from their own childhood. 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 chronological 词性：adj. 释义：按时间顺序的（arranged in the order in which events happened） 语境例句：The shelves are arranged in chronological order, starting in 1958. 搭配：chronological order（时间顺序）；反义词：random remarkable 词性：adj. 释义：非凡的；显著的（unusual or impressive） 语境例句：Its effect on first-time visitors is what makes the room remarkable. 同义词：notable, extraordinary；反义词：ordinary well up 词性：v. 短语 释义：（眼泪）涌出（of tears, to come into one's eyes） 语境例句：Lots of people cannot help but well up when visiting the Vault. 拓展：well up with emotion（因情绪激动而热泪盈眶） taxonomy 词性：n. 释义：分类体系（a system for classifying things） 语境例句：Marketing experts have a whole taxonomy to describe brand ties. 搭配：biological taxonomy（生物分类学） elicit 词性：v. 释义：唤起；引出（to draw out a response or information from someone） 语境例句：Every marketing manager dreams of eliciting "brand love". 同义词：evoke, draw out flip side 词性：n. 短语 释义：对立面；反面（the opposite side or aspect） 语境例句：The flip side of brand love is "brand hate". 替换表达：opposite, reverse communal 词性：adj. 释义：集体的；共同的（shared by a group of people） 语境例句："Communal relationships" mean people feel concern for a brand. 搭配：communal life（集体生活）；同义词：collective addiction 词性：n. 释义：成瘾；沉迷（the state of being unable to stop doing or using something） 语境例句："Brand addiction" is characterised by uncontrollable urges to buy. 搭配：addiction to sth.（对…… 成瘾）；形容词：addictive denote 词性：v. 释义：表示；指代（to be a sign of something） 语境例句："Brand friendships" denote positive feelings short of love. 同义词：indicate, signify gradation 词性：n. 释义：等级；层次（a small difference in degree between things） 语境例句：The idea of gradations of attachment rings true. 搭配：gradations of colour（色彩的层次） （2） 句型库 be filled with 含义：充满…… 替换表达：be full of 例句：The room is filled with old books and photos. a source of 含义：…… 的来源 替换表达：a origin of 例句：Her experiences are a source of inspiration for her writing. go well beyond 含义：远远超出 替换表达：be far more than 例句：His kindness goes well beyond simple politeness. fit into 含义：属于；符合 替换表达：belong to, fall into 例句：This book fits into the category of science fiction. characterised by 含义：以…… 为特征 替换表达：marked by 例句：The region is characterised by its beautiful lakes. fall short of 含义：未达到；不足 替换表达：be less than 例句：His achievements fall short of his parents' expectations. ring true 含义：听起来真实；有道理 替换表达：sound true, make sense 例句：Her explanation of the incident rings true. fall into place 含义：各就各位；明朗化 替换表达：come together, make sense 例句：Once we found the key clue, everything fell into place. （3） 语法点 · 定语从句 原文例句：There is a locked room in Lego's corporate museum... which is called the Vault. 用法分析：which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 “a locked room”，补充说明房间的名称，从句与主句用逗号隔开。 考点提示：区分限制性定语从句（无逗号，不可省略，如 “the book that I bought”）与非限制性定语从句（有逗号，可省略，如 “the book, which is new”）。 · it 作形式主语 原文例句：It's impossible not to seek out sets from your own childhood. 用法分析：it 作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 “not to seek out... childhood”，避免句子头重脚轻。 考点提示：常见结构为 “It + be + 形容词 + 不定式”，如 “It is important to study hard”；注意与强调句（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who）的区别。 （4） 长难句 1. It is a large space, filled with shelves that are arranged in chronological order, starting in 1958 and stretching towards the present day. 成分分析： · 主句：It is a large space · 过去分词短语作定语：filled with shelves（修饰 “space”，表被动） · 定语从句：that are arranged in chronological order（修饰 “shelves”，说明架子的排列方式） · 现在分词短语作状语：starting... and stretching...（补充说明时间范围，表主动） 释义：这是一个宽敞的空间，里面摆满了按时间顺序排列的架子，从 1958 年开始，一直延续到今天。 2. The three other types of consumer-brand connection identified by Mr Alvarez and his co-authors are "communal relationships", in which people feel a sense of obligation or concern for a brand (local stores can often fit into this category); "brand addiction", often characterised by uncontrollable urges to buy a firm's products and services; and "brand friendships", to denote positive feelings that fall somewhere short of love. 成分分析： · 主句：The three other types... are "communal relationships"; "brand addiction"; and "brand friendships"（主系表结构，表语为三个并列的名词短语） · 过去分词短语作定语：identified by...（修饰 “connection”，表被动） · 非限制性定语从句：in which people feel...（修饰 “communal relationships”，说明集体关系的特征） · 插入语：(local stores... category)（补充说明例子） · 过去分词短语作定语：characterised by...（修饰 “brand addiction”） · 不定式短语作定语：to denote...（修饰 “brand friendships”） · 定语从句：that fall... love（修饰 “feelings”） 释义：阿尔瓦雷斯及其合著者发现的另外三种消费者与品牌的纽带关系分别是 “集体关系”—— 即人们对品牌怀有责任感或关切感（本地商店通常属于此类）；“品牌成瘾”—— 通常表现为无法控制地想要购买企业的产品和服务；以及 “品牌友情”—— 指未达到热爱程度的积极情感。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 乐高博物馆里的 “宝库” 按时间顺序展示了其历史。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 消费者与品牌之间的情感联系会影响他们的购买行为。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. The emotional power of a loved brand can bring back childhood memories. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Brand love includes not only trust in quality but also strong emotional attachment. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、全文译通 为什么走进乐高宝库的人都会热泪盈眶？ 乐高在丹麦比隆镇的企业博物馆里有一个上锁的房间，被称为 “宝库”。这是一个宽敞的空间，里面摆满了按时间顺序排列的架子，从 1958 年开始，一直延伸到今天。 这些架子上共有约 1 万套乐高积木。宝库被乐高设计师们用作灵感来源，但它对初次参观者产生的影响才是这个房间的非凡之处。没人能忍住不去寻找自己童年时期的那套积木、不去回忆起曾经的自己，许多人也忍不住热泪盈眶。 参观乐高宝库让人有机会体验到一个深受喜爱的品牌有何种情感力量。市场营销专家有一套完整的分类体系，用于描述消费者与品牌之间的各种情感纽带。 在近期的一篇文献综述中，贝勒大学的克劳迪奥・阿尔瓦雷斯、梅雷迪思・戴维、莫里斯・乔治归纳出五种被共同研究的纽带类型。 每位营销经理做梦都想唤起的一种感受是 “品牌热爱”。这种爱远不止信任一家公司产品的质量，还包括情感依恋、激情感受、高频使用、对品牌的强烈认同感等等。 品牌热爱的反面是 “品牌厌恶”，这种反应可能表明对产品有不好的体验、对品牌价值观的强烈反感，或仅仅是与所爱品牌的竞争关系。 阿尔瓦雷斯及其合著者发现的另外三种消费者与品牌的纽带关系分别是 “集体关系”，即人们对品牌怀有责任感或关切感（本地商店通常属于此类）；“品牌成瘾”，特征为无法控制地想要购买企业的产品和服务；“品牌友情”，即未达到热爱程度的积极情感。 这种分类有时会让人觉得有点牵强。但是依恋程度的分级确实有道理，人们对品牌的感觉决定了他们的行为。 麦吉尔大学的维韦克・阿斯万什及其合著者发现，当人们认为某品牌心怀善意时，他们报告安全事件的可能性比不这么认为时更高。原因何在？因为他们想提供反馈，帮助企业解决问题。 如果管理者知道品牌与顾客之间可能有何种情感联系，那么营销策略的一块块 “积木” 就会被放置到正确的位置上。 《外刊拓维2026》 10篇精读打开认知新维度 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Issue 3 好莱坞最爱的新反派：人工智能 1、 原文初探 Hollywood's new favourite villain: artificial intelligence You can glean a lot about America and the world from whom Hollywood chooses as its baddies. During the cold war, the villains were often rogue Russian generals; during the war on terror, they were jihadists from the Middle East. Lately, however, Tinseltown has turned its attention to technology. It seems Hollywood's screenwriters are "doomers" when it comes to artificial intelligence, believing it poses an existential threat to humanity. Ask anyone in the TikTok generation to name their favourite AI baddie, and they are bound to pick the titular anti-heroine of "M3GAN", a tongue-in-cheek science-fiction slasher film about a sentient life-sized doll. Much of the film's macabre appeal comes from the contrast between the robot's innocent appearance and its capacity for gruesome murder. This contrast was encapsulated in a clip of M3GAN dancing before grabbing a blade. The scene went viral and helped the film to box-office success in 2023: it grossed more than $180m worldwide, from a production budget of $12m. A sequel was inevitable. So was its title: "M3GAN 2.0". The conceit of the first film was that a product designer, Gemma, built M3GAN as a playmate for her orphaned niece Cady. Programmed to protect Cady, the android took the task to homicidal extremes, and so, one killing spree later, it was consigned to the scrapheap. In the sequel, Gemma's technology has been stolen by a defence contractor and used to develop another, even more destructive, military-grade robot called AMELIA. The only person-or non-person-who can defeat it is a refurbished, upgraded M3GAN. "M3GAN 2.0" is something of an upgrade, too. Both films are written and directed by Gerard Johnstone, but he does not repeat the first film's creepiness, nor its meme-worthy dancing. Instead of turning out another horror film, he has made an over-the-top satire, skewering the world's dependence on technology. The sequel finds sly humour in everything from mobile-phone apps to self-driving cars and voice-activated virtual assistants in the home. Viewers will not want to live with M3GAN. But, this film implies, they cannot live without her either. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What made "M3GAN" a box-office success in 2023? A. Its high production budget B. The viral clip of M3GAN dancing C. The director's reputation D. The sequel's early announcement 2. What can we infer about "M3GAN 2.0" from the passage? A. It is a horror film like the first one B. It focuses on M3GAN's dancing scenes C. It criticizes people's over-reliance on technology D. It tells a story about a peaceful robot 3. The underlined word "macabre" in Paragraph 4 probably means ______. A. funny B. terrifying C. boring D. confusing 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The development of AI technology in films B. Hollywood's recent focus on AI as villains, with "M3GAN" as an example C. The success of horror films in Hollywood D. The difference between "M3GAN" and its sequel （2） 语法填空 1. The android took the task to homicidal extremes, and so, one killing spree later, it was ______ to the scrapheap. A. sent B. carried C. thrown D. consigned 2. Lately, ______, Tinseltown has turned its attention to technology. A. besides B. however C. therefore D. moreover （3） 语言应用 1. 用“existential”的适当形式填空： The problem poses an ______ threat to our survival. 2. 将 “This contrast was encapsulated in a clip of M3GAN dancing” 改写为 A clip of M3GAN dancing ______ this contrast. 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 villain /ˈvɪlən/ n. 反派角色；坏人（=baddie） 例句：The film's villain is a cruel AI robot. glean /ɡliːn/ v. 搜集；筛选出（信息等） 例句：We can glean important details from the report. existential /ˌeɡzɪˈstenʃl/ adj. 生存的；存在主义的 搭配：existential threat（生存威胁） 例句：AI is seen as an existential risk by some people. sentient /ˈsentiənt/ adj. 有感知能力的；有感觉的 例句：The novel describes a sentient robot with human emotions. macabre /məˈkɑːbrə/ adj. 恐怖的；令人毛骨悚然的（=gruesome） 例句：The film's macabre scenes shocked the audience. inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ adj. 不可避免的；必然发生的 反义词：avoidable 例句：A sequel to the popular film was inevitable. refurbish /ˌriːˈfɜːbɪʃ/ v. 翻新；整修 例句：The old robot was refurbished and given new functions. satire /ˈsætaɪə(r)/ n. 讽刺作品；讽刺 例句：The play is a satire on modern society. sly /slaɪ/ adj. 狡猾的；暗中的 例句：He smiled a sly smile when he heard the news. consign /kənˈsaɪn/ v. 把…… 置于（某地）；交付 搭配：consign to the scrapheap（扔进废料堆） 例句：The broken machine was consigned to the warehouse. （2） 句型库 when it comes to  当提到……；涉及…… 替换表达：as for；in terms of 例句：When it comes to AI, people have different opinions. be bound to  一定会；必然会 例句：You are bound to succeed if you work hard. turn one's attention to  把注意力转向…… 替换表达：focus on；concentrate on 例句：The company turned its attention to new technology. instead of  代替；而不是 例句：Instead of going out, we stayed at home. something of  有几分；在某种程度上 例句：He is something of an expert in this field. It seems that...  似乎……；好像…… 结构：It 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句 仿写：It seems that she knows the truth. A is to B what C is to D  A 对 B 而言就像 C 对 D 一样（文中未直接出现，为拓展句型） 仿写：AI is to the future what electricity is to modern life. （3） 语法点 · 过去分词作定语 例句：Programmed to protect Cady, the android took the task to homicidal extremes. 解析：“Programmed to protect Cady” 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “the android”，表示被动（机器人被编程）。 考点：区分过去分词（表被动 / 完成）与现在分词（表主动 / 进行）作定语的用法。 · 非谓语动词作状语 例句：Instead of turning out another horror film, he has made an over-the-top satire. 解析：“turning out another horror film” 是动名词短语作介词 “instead of” 的宾语，表动作。 考点：动名词作宾语的常见搭配（如 instead of doing, devote to doing）。 （4） 长难句 1. Much of the film's macabre appeal comes from the contrast between the robot's innocent appearance and its capacity for gruesome murder. 句子成分： 主语：Much of the film's macabre appeal · 谓语：comes from · 宾语：the contrast · 定语：between the robot's innocent appearance and its capacity for gruesome murder（修饰 “contrast”） 释义：这部电影的恐怖吸引力很大程度上源于机器人天真的外表和其残忍杀戮能力之间的反差。 2. Both films are written and directed by Gerard Johnstone, but he does not repeat the first film's creepiness, nor its meme-worthy dancing. 句子成分： · 前半句：Both films（主语）+ are written and directed（谓语，被动语态）+ by Gerard Johnstone（动作执行者） · 后半句：he（主语）+ does not repeat（谓语）+ the first film's creepiness, nor its meme-worthy dancing（宾语，“nor” 表否定并列） 释义：两部电影均由热拉尔・约翰斯通编剧并执导，但他既没有重复第一部电影的诡异氛围，也没有再现被网络疯传的舞蹈片段。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 好莱坞的编剧们认为人工智能对人类构成了生存威胁。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这部续集讽刺了人们对科技的过度依赖。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. The scene went viral and helped the film to box-office success. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The only person who can defeat the robot is the upgraded M3GAN. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6、 全文译通 好莱坞最爱的新反派：人工智能 从好莱坞选择谁来扮演坏蛋，你可以窥见关于美国和世界的许多真相。冷战期间，反派通常是暴戾的俄罗斯将军；反恐战争期间，反派又变成了来自中东的圣战分子。 然而最近，星光之城好莱坞将目光转向了科技领域。好莱坞的编剧们似乎对人工智能持 “末日论” 态度，认为它对人类构成生存威胁。 如果让 TikTok 一代选出他们最爱的人工智能反派，那么他们一定会提名《梅根》中的同名反英雄女主角，这部带有戏谑风格的科幻惊悚片讲述了一个具有自我意识的真人大小玩偶的故事。 这部电影的恐怖吸引力很大程度上源自机器人天真无邪的外表与其残忍杀戮能力之间的强烈反差。这种反差在梅根跳着舞然后抓起一把刀的片段中体现得淋漓尽致。 这段场景在网络上疯传，助力该片在 2023 年取得票房成功：制作预算仅 1200 万美元，全球票房却超过 1.8 亿美元。续集的拍摄势在必行，片名也顺理成章地定为《梅根 2.0》。 第一部电影的设定是，产品设计师珍玛为失去双亲的侄女凯蒂制造了梅根，作为她的玩伴。被编程设定为保护凯蒂的这个机器人，将这项任务执行到了杀人的极端程度，因此，在一场杀戮狂欢之后，它被扔进了废料堆。 在续集中，珍玛的技术被一家国防承包商窃取，用于开发另一款更具破坏性的军用级机器人 —— 阿米莉亚。唯一能击败它的 “人”—— 或者说非人类 —— 是经过翻新升级的梅根。 《梅根 2.0》在某种程度上也是一次升级。两部电影均由热拉尔・约翰斯通编剧并执导，但他既没有重复第一部电影的诡异氛围，也没有再现那支被制成表情包的舞蹈片段。他没有再拍一部恐怖片，而是拍了一部夸张的讽刺作品，尖锐地抨击了世界对科技的依赖。 这部续集从手机应用程序到自动驾驶汽车，再到家用声控虚拟助手，在所有事物中都挖掘出了狡黠的幽默。观众绝对不想和梅根一起生活。但这部电影暗示，观众同样也离不开她。 Issue 4 我如何在 50 多岁时保持健康？ 1、 原文初探 How do I stay healthy in my 50s? People in their 50s can be prone to a "vicious cycle", says Nathan LeBrasseur, director of the Mayo Clinic's Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging. The high-stress grind of work and family responsibilities can lead to days when exercise, a solid meal and good sleep are bonuses rather than givens. When such days become the norm, "we can see health issues start to emerge, sometimes earlier than they should", says LeBrasseur. "The beautiful thing is that we have such powerful control over the ageing process," he says. "There is plasticity to ageing." Ageing isn't something that simply starts after you've reached a certain year, says LeBrasseur. It's a lifelong process, and in midlife, your health needs can change. While all bodies age, it is "not a one-size-fits-all phenomenon", explains Chhanda Dutta, chief of the clinical gerontology branch at the National Institute on Aging (NIA). Accordingly, there is no standard way to age. Even if two people have similar issues later in life, the pathways and factors that led them there can vary significantly. LeBrasseur describes ageing as "wear and tear on the cells and molecules in the body". The accumulation of these changes increases the risk of ageing-related diseases, eventually leading to the body's decline. Biological age is a measure of these cellular and molecular changes over time. It captures how old your body appears based on biomarkers, like telomere length, and how well your body is functioning. Biological age is a better measure of healthspan, or years of generally good health, than chronological age, or how many years you've been alive. The difference between these two measures explains why one 50-year-old might seem younger than another. Exercise is crucial. "The two biggest midlife health risks are that we're not active enough and we don't make dietary changes that help us age in a healthier manner," says Dutta. She recommends diverse physical activity that hits four critical areas: endurance, cardio, flexibility and balance. It's important to enjoy what you're doing -- if you don't like running on a treadmill, you won't stick with it. Go for a hike or take a dance class instead. Progressive resistance training, yoga and tai chi are excellent for people who are especially concerned about muscle loss, says Dutta. Social connectedness and meaningful relationships are also crucial for healthy ageing, says LeBrasseur. It's never too soon to start adopting healthy habits that protect against ageing, and consistency is key, LeBrasseur explains. "What you do in a week isn't going to make a huge difference, but what you do over the course of years will," he says. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What are the two biggest midlife health risks according to Dutta? A. Poor sleep and high stress B. Lack of exercise and no dietary changes C. Muscle loss and weak balance D. Few social relationships and aging cells 2. Why might one 50-year-old seem younger than another? A. Because they have different chronological ages B. Because their biological ages differ C. Because they do different types of exercise D. Because they have different family responsibilities 3. The underlined phrase "wear and tear" in Paragraph 6 probably means ______. A. gradual damage from use over time B. sudden changes in body structure C. quick recovery from illnesses D. regular maintenance of cells 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to calculate biological age in the 50s B. The difference between biological and chronological age C. Advice on staying healthy in one's 50s D. The causes of aging-related diseases （2） 语法填空 1. Exercise is ______. "The two biggest midlife health risks are that we're not active enough..." A. crucial B. difficult C. simple D. interesting 2. It's important to enjoy what you're doing -- if you don't like running on a treadmill, you won't stick with it. ______, go for a hike or take a dance class. A. Otherwise B. Instead C. Therefore D. Besides （3） 语言应用 1. 用 "accumulation" 的适当形式填空： The ______ of stress over years can lead to health problems. 2. 将 "It's never too soon to start adopting healthy habits" 改写为 Starting to adopt healthy habits ______ too soon. 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/ adj. 恶性的；残酷的 搭配：vicious cycle（恶性循环） 例句：Lack of sleep can create a vicious cycle of fatigue and stress. grind /ɡraɪnd/ n. 繁重的工作；苦差事 例句：The daily grind of work made him feel exhausted. plasticity /ˌplæˈstɪsəti/ n. 可塑性；适应性 例句：The plasticity of the brain allows it to adapt to new situations. gerontology /ˌdʒerɒnˈtɒlədʒi/ n. 老年医学 例句：She specializes in gerontology and studies healthy aging. accumulation /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃn/ n. 积累；堆积 动词形式：accumulate 例句：The accumulation of dust on the desk showed it hadn't been used. biomarker /ˈbaɪəʊmɑːkə(r)/ n. 生物标志物 例句：Telomere length is a common biomarker for aging. chronological /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 按时间顺序的 搭配：chronological age（实际年龄） 例句：Her chronological age is 50, but she looks much younger. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的（=vital；essential） 例句：Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining health. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 耐力；持久力 例句：Long-distance running helps build endurance. consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性；坚持 形容词形式：consistent 例句：Consistency in study is more important than cramming. （2） 句型库 be prone to  易于……；有…… 倾向 例句：People with poor diets are prone to illness. rather than  而不是 替换表达：instead of 例句：She chose to walk rather than take the bus. one-size-fits-all 一刀切的；适合所有人的 例句：Education should not be a one-size-fits-all system. lead to  导致；通向 替换表达：result in；bring about 例句：Smoking can lead to serious health problems. stick with  坚持；继续做 例句：If you stick with this plan, you'll see progress. It's never too soon to... 做…… 永远不嫌早 结构：It 作形式主语，不定式为真正主语 仿写：It's never too soon to start saving money. over the course of  在…… 期间；在…… 过程中 例句：Over the course of the year, she learned to speak French. （3） 语法点 · 现在分词作结果状语 例句：The accumulation of these changes increases the risk of ageing-related diseases, eventually leading to the body's decline. 解析：“leading to the body's decline” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表自然结果，逻辑主语为 “the accumulation of these changes”。 考点：区分现在分词（表主动 / 自然结果）与不定式（表意外结果）作结果状语的用法。 · 定语从句 例句：The two biggest midlife health risks are that we're not active enough and we don't make dietary changes that help us age in a healthier manner. 解析：“that help us age in a healthier manner” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “dietary changes”，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语。 考点：定语从句中关系代词的选用（that/which/who 等）。 （4） 长难句 1. Biological age is a better measure of healthspan, or years of generally good health, than chronological age, or how many years you've been alive. 句子成分： 主语：Biological age · 谓语：is · 表语：a better measure · 比较对象：than chronological age · 插入语：or years of generally good health（解释 healthspan）；or how many years you've been alive（解释 chronological age） 释义：生物年龄比实际年龄（即你活了多少年）能更好地衡量健康寿命 —— 也就是保持基本健康状态的年数。 2. She recommends diverse physical activity that hits four critical areas: endurance, cardio, flexibility and balance. 句子成分： 主语：She · 谓语：recommends · 宾语：diverse physical activity · 定语从句：that hits four critical areas（修饰 “physical activity”） · 同位语：endurance, cardio, flexibility and balance（解释 “four critical areas”） 释义：她建议进行多样化的体育活动，涵盖四个关键领域：耐力、有氧、柔韧性和平衡能力。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 坚持锻炼对 50 多岁的人保持健康至关重要。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 生物年龄能更好地反映一个人的健康状况。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. Social connectedness and meaningful relationships are also crucial for healthy ageing. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What you do in a week isn't going to make a huge difference, but what you do over the course of years will. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、全文译通 我如何在 50 多岁时保持健康？ 梅奥诊所罗伯特和阿琳・科戈德衰老中心的主任内森・勒布拉瑟尔说，50 多岁的人可能容易陷入 “恶性循环”。 压力很大的繁重工作和家庭责任可能会让锻炼、吃顿好饭、睡个好觉成为偶尔的奖励，而不是理所当然的事。勒布拉瑟尔说，当这样的日子成为常态，“我们会看到健康问题开始出现，有时比正常情况要早”。 “好在我们对衰老过程有强大的控制能力，” 他说，“衰老是有可塑性的。” 勒布拉瑟尔说，衰老并不是在你到了一定年龄后才开始的，而是一个终身的过程，到了中年，你的健康需求可能会改变。 美国国家衰老研究所临床老年医学部门负责人钱达・杜塔解释说，虽然每个人的身体都会衰老，但这 “并不是一刀切的现象”。所以，没有标准的衰老方式。即使两个人在晚年出现了相似的问题，导致他们出现这些问题的途径和因素也可能大相径庭。 勒布拉瑟尔称，衰老是 “身体细胞和分子的磨损”。这些变化的积累增加了与衰老相关疾病的风险，最终导致身体的衰退。 生物年龄衡量的是这些细胞和分子随时间发生的变化。它根据生物标志物（如端粒长度）来反映你的身体看起来有多 “老” 以及身体机能如何。 生物年龄比实际年龄（你活了多少年）能更好地衡量健康年限（有多少年是普通健康状态）。这两种衡量标准之间的差异就是为什么一个 50 岁的人看起来可能比另一个 50 岁的人更年轻。 锻炼至关重要。“中年健康的两个最大风险就是运动量不够，以及没有改变饮食习惯，从而帮助我们以更健康的方式衰老。” 杜塔说。她推荐了多种针对四个关键领域的运动：耐力、有氧、柔韧性、平衡能力。 重要的是要享受你做的运动 —— 如果你不喜欢在跑步机上跑步，那你就没法坚持下去。不如去徒步或上舞蹈课吧。杜塔说，渐进式阻力训练、瑜伽和太极拳非常适合那些特别担心肌肉流失的人。 勒布拉瑟尔说，社会联系和有意义的人际关系对健康老去也至关重要。他解释说，养成抗衰老的健康习惯永远都不嫌早，而且关键是要持之以恒。“你做的事情在一周内不会产生太大效果，但坚持多年就会大大不同。” 他说。 Issue 5 屏幕时间非关键，成瘾性使用是真凶 1、 原文初探 Screen time isn't the key; addictive use is the real culprit. As Americans scramble to respond to rising rates of suicidal behavior among youth, many policymakers have locked in on an alarming metric: the number of hours a day that American children spend glued to a glowing screen. But a study published on Wednesday in the medical journal JAMA, which followed more than 4,000 children across the country, arrived at a surprising conclusion: Longer screen time at age 10 was not associated with higher rates of suicidal behavior four years later. Instead, the authors found, the children at higher risk for suicidal behaviors were those who told researchers their use of technology had become "addictive" - that they had trouble putting it down, or felt the need to use it more and more. Some children exhibited addictive behavior even if their screen time was relatively low, they said. The researchers found addictive behavior to be very common among children - especially in their use of mobile phones, where nearly half had high addictive use. By age 14, children with high or increasing addictive behavior were two to three times as likely as other children to have thoughts of suicide or to harm themselves, the study found. "This is the first study to identify that addictive use is important, and is actually the root cause, instead of time," said Yunyu Xiao, an assistant professor of psychiatry and population health sciences at Weill Cornell Medical College and the study's lead author. Addictive behavior may be more difficult to control during childhood, before the prefrontal cortex, which acts as a brake on impulsivity, is fully developed. Dr. Xiao said interventions should focus on the child's addictive behavior, which is typically treated with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, rather than simply limiting access to screens. "If there are early warnings, then for parents, it's important to seek professional help for children with such addictions," she said. "We do not know if just taking away their phone will help. Sometimes it can create some conflict in the family, and that is even worse." The study analyzed changes in screen use among 4,285 children beginning at around age 10, regularly screening them for compulsive use, difficulty disengaging and distress when not given access. At 14, when the subjects were assessed for suicidal behavior and mental health status, 5.1 percent of the participants had showed suicidal behavior, such as attempted suicide or preparation for an attempt, and 17.9 percent had experienced suicidal ideation. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What is the main finding of the study published in JAMA? A. Screen time has no relation to youth mental health. B. Addictive use of technology is the root cause of youth's mental health problems. C. Children's suicidal behavior is mainly related to their mobile phone use. D. Limiting children's screen time can effectively reduce their suicidal thoughts. 2. According to the study, which of the following is true? A. Most children have high addictive use of mobile phones. B. Children with low screen time will not have addictive behavior. C. The prefrontal cortex in children is fully developed. D. Addictive behavior in children is more difficult to control. 3. The underlined word "interventions" in the passage probably means "______". A. actions taken to improve a situation B. opinions given on a problem C. methods of doing research D. ways of communicating with others 4. What is the author's attitude towards the study's conclusion? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Indifferent. D. Critical. （2） 语法填空 1. The study followed more than 4,000 children across the country. ______, longer screen time at age 10 was not associated with higher rates of suicidal behavior four years later. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Moreover 2. Some children exhibited addictive behavior even if their screen time was relatively low. The researchers found addictive behavior to be very common among children - ______ in their use of mobile phones, where nearly half had high addictive use. A. generally B. especially C. mainly D. usually （3） 语言应用 1. 用 “crucial” 的适当形式填空：It is ______ to pay attention to the addictive behavior of children. 2. 将“It is important to seek professional help for children with addictions.”改写为 Seeking professional help for children with addictions is ______. 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 scramble/ˈskræmbl/ v. 匆忙应对；爬；争夺 例句：As the deadline approaches, we are scrambling to finish the project.（随着截止日期的临近，我们正匆忙完成项目。） 搭配：scramble for sth.（争夺某物） metric/ˈmetrɪk/ n. 度量标准；指标 例句：We use various metrics to evaluate the performance of our employees.（我们使用各种指标来评估员工的表现。） associated/əˈsəʊsieɪtɪd/ adj. 相关的；有联系的 例句：Smoking is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.（吸烟与心脏病风险增加有关。）搭配：be associated with（与…… 有关）。 addictive/əˈdɪktɪv/ adj. 使人上瘾的 例句：Some drugs are highly addictive.（有些药物极易使人上瘾。） 同义词：habit - forming。 exhibit/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ v. 表现出；展示；展览 例句：The child exhibited signs of anxiety before the exam.（这个孩子在考试前表现出焦虑的迹象。） pivotal/ˈpɪvətl/ adj. 关键的；中枢的 例句：His speech was pivotal in changing the public's opinion.（他的演讲在改变公众舆论方面起到了关键作用。） 同义词：crucial, vital。 intervention/ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干预；介入 例句：Early intervention is important for children with learning difficulties.（早期干预对有学习困难的儿童很重要。） 动词形式：intervene。 psychotherapy/ˌsaɪkəˈθerəpi/ n. 心理治疗”。 例句：She is receiving psychotherapy for her depression.（她正在接受抑郁症的心理治疗。） （2） 句型库 glued to 盯着；紧附于 例句：He was glued to the TV screen all evening.（他整个晚上都盯着电视屏幕。） 替换表达：be fixed on。 arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 例句：After a long discussion, we finally arrived at a conclusion.（经过长时间的讨论，我们最终得出了一个结论。） 替换表达：draw a conclusion。 instead of 而不是 例句：He stayed at home instead of going to the party.（他呆在家里而不是去参加聚会。） have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 例句：She has trouble (in) falling asleep at night.（她晚上入睡有困难。） （3） 语法点 · 定语从句 But a study published on Wednesday in the medical journal JAMA, which followed more than 4,000 children across the country, arrived at a surprising conclusion”，“which followed more than 4,000 children across the country是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “study”，关系代词 which 在从句中作主语。考点：关系代词的选择和定语从句的语序。 · 非谓语动词 Some children exhibited addictive behavior even if their screen time was relatively low, they said. The researchers found addictive behavior to be very common among children - especially in their use of mobile phones, where nearly half had high addictive use.”，“found addictive behavior to be very common” 中 “to be very common” 是动词不定式作宾语补足语。考点：非谓语动词作宾语补足语的不同形式及用法。 （4） 长难句 1. By age 14, children with high or increasing addictive behavior were two to three times as likely as other children to have thoughts of suicide or to harm themselves. 成分分析： · “By age 14” 是时间状语， · “children with high or increasing addictive behavior” 是句子的主语，其中 “with high or increasing addictive behavior” 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 “children”， · “were two to three times as likely as other children” 是谓语部分，使用了 “as...as” 比较结构， · “to have thoughts of suicide or to harm themselves” 是动词不定式短语作状语，表示结果 释义：到 14 岁时，成瘾行为严重或加剧的儿童产生自杀念头或进行自残的可能性是其他儿童的两到三倍。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 一些孩子即使屏幕使用时间较短，也表现出了上瘾行为。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 干预措施应聚焦于孩子的成瘾行为，而不是简单地限制他们接触电子设备。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. Addictive behavior may be more difficult to control during childhood. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The study analyzed changes in screen use among 4,285 children beginning at around age 10. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、全文译通 屏幕时间非关键，成瘾性使用是真凶 当美国人奋力应对青少年自杀行为不断增加的问题时，许多政策制定者都锁定了一个令人担忧的指标：美国儿童每天盯着发光屏幕的时长。 但周三发表在医学期刊《美国医学会杂志》上的一项研究得出了一个令人惊讶的结论，该研究追踪了全国 4000 多名儿童，发现 10 岁时较长的屏幕时间与四年后更高的自杀行为发生率之间并无关联。 相反，研究作者发现，自杀行为风险较高的孩子是那些向研究人员表示自己对科技产品的使用已变得 “上瘾” 的人，他们难以放下设备，或感觉自己需要越来越频繁地使用设备。 作者们称，一些孩子即使屏幕使用时间相对较短，但也表现出了上瘾行为。研究人员发现，上瘾行为在儿童中非常普遍，尤其是在手机使用方面，近半数儿童存在高度成瘾的使用情况。 研究发现，到 14 岁时，成瘾行为严重或加剧的儿童产生自杀念头或进行自残的可能性是其他儿童的两到三倍。“这是第一项确定成瘾性使用很重要的研究，实际上它才是根本原因，而不是使用时长。” 威尔康奈尔医学院精神病学与人口健康科学助理教授肖云钰说，她也是该研究的主要作者。 在童年时期，成瘾行为可能更难控制，因为前额叶皮层尚未完全发育，而该部位相当于克制冲动行为的刹车。 肖博士表示，干预措施应聚焦于孩子的成瘾行为，通常通过认知行为心理疗法进行治疗，而非简单地限制孩子接触电子设备。 “如果有早期预警信号，那么对于家长来说，为有这种成瘾问题的孩子寻求专业帮助是很重要的，” 她说，“我们不知道仅仅拿走他们的手机是否有帮助。有时这会在家庭中引发一些冲突，那就更糟了。” 该研究分析了 4285 名儿童从大约 10 岁开始的屏幕使用变化情况，定期筛查他们的强迫性使用行为、难以离开电子设备的情况以及无法接触到电子设备时感到痛苦的情况。 在 14 岁时，当对受试者进行自杀行为和心理健康状况评估时，5.1% 的参与者曾表现出自杀行为，例如尝试自杀或为自杀做准备，17.9% 的参与者曾有过自杀念头。 Issue 6 可以让孩子整个暑假都无所事事地 “发霉” 吗？​ 1、 原文初探 Is It OK for Your Kids to 'Rot' All Summer? When Katherine Goldstein was a child in the 1990s, growing up in Atlanta, she remembers languid summers spent swimming and riding her bike around the neighborhood while her father worked full time and her mother worked part time from home. Many of the Millennial parents in her orbit have similar memories. "Most of the people I know who are in their 30s and 40s spent July and August at a community pool, and there was not this sense that every moment had to be programmed," said Ms. Goldstein, 41. Ms. Goldstein, a researcher who lives with her husband and three children in Durham, N. C., also went to camp some years. But it seems a stark contrast to the annual frenzy many families these days enter as early as the fall, when summer is still several months away but the pressure to plan those school-free months reaches a peak. While many parents - particularly those with office jobs - may view camp as the ideal and often necessary way for a child to spend summer break, others see it as a dreaded four-letter word that is synonymous with hefty price tags and stressful logistics. What if, some are daring to wonder, my kid does nothing? Call it kid rotting, internet parlance for indulgent lounging, or "wild summer." This might sound anathema to those who subscribe to an ultracompetitive modern parenting culture, particularly in New York City, where signing up for camp is an arms race of who can remember to set calendar reminders months ahead of time. Some of the most coveted camps - like the ones offered by Central Park Zoo ($720 per week) and the American Museum of Natural History ($1,300 per week) - often fill up within minutes of opening registration. In some affluent suburbs, the cost of multiple camp tuitions is on par with a new luxury car. Summer vacation has become a parenting Rorschach test. Is it a time of the year that is "supposed to be chill," or a three-month span for skill-building and résumé-padding? Alina Adams, a private school admissions consultant in Manhattan, promotes a certain brand of summer boredom when she talks to anxious New York City parents. "I tell them their kid will be more 'ahead' with their own experimentation, versus taking a class alongside other children," she said. Registering for STEM camp, for instance, may seem like a great idea to a parent, but it can leave little room for a kid to explore their natural curiosities. "It's all adult-driven." 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. How did Katherine Goldstein spend her childhood summers?​ A. She attended various expensive camps every year.​ B. She stayed at home to help her mother with work.​ C. She spent time swimming and riding bikes in the neighborhood.​ D. Her parents arranged every moment of her summer.​ 2. What can be inferred about the most coveted summer camps?​ A. They are affordable for most families.​ B. They are not popular among parents in New York City.​ C. They are easy to get into as long as you apply.​ D. They are in high demand and hard to register for.​ 3. The underlined word "hefty" in Paragraph 4 probably means ______.​ A. low​ B. high​ C. reasonable​ D. unknown​ 4. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 in the passage?​ A. To present the main argument of the passage.​ B. To introduce the background by sharing personal memories.​ C. To list the disadvantages of summer camps.​ D. To explain the concept of "kid rotting".​ 5. What is Alina Adams' attitude towards kids attending classes in summer?​ A. She thinks it's better than kids doing nothing.​ B. She believes it's less effective than kids exploring on their own.​ C. She insists it's the best way for kids to be ahead.​ D. She doubts whether kids can learn anything from classes. （二）语法填空 1. Summer vacation has become a parenting Rorschach test: is it for relaxation or ______?​ A. skill-building​ B. entertainment​ C. rest​ D. play​ 2. Many parents view camp as ideal; ______, others consider it a dreaded thing.​ A. therefore​ B. besides​ C. however​ D. moreover （三）语言应用 1. 用 “promote” 的适当形式填空： Alina Adams ______ the idea that kids should have their own experimentation in summer.​ 2. 将 “It is necessary for kids to explore their natural curiosities” 改写为 ______ their natural curiosities is necessary for kids. 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 languid adj. 懒散的；慢悠悠的（=leisurely） 例句：We enjoyed a languid afternoon by the beach. 搭配：a languid pace（缓慢的节奏）。​ frenzy n. 狂热；疯狂（=craze） 例句：There was a frenzy of activity before the party. 搭配：in a frenzy（处于狂热中）。​ coveted adj. 令人觊觎的；抢手的 例句：The coveted prize was won by a young artist. 动词形式：covet（渴望得到）。​ affluent adj. 富裕的（=wealthy） 例句：They live in an affluent area. 搭配：affluent society（富裕社会）。​ parlance n. 用语；说法 例句：In common parlance, it's called a "break". 搭配：in technical parlance（用专业术语）。​ anathema n. 令人极其厌恶的事物 例句：War is anathema to all peace-loving people.​ promote v. 提倡；推广 例句：The organization aims to promote environmental protection. 名词形式：promotion（推广）。​ curiosity n. 好奇心 例句：Children have a natural curiosity about the world. 形容词形式：curious（好奇的）。​ logistics n. 后勤；组织工作 例句：The logistics of the event were very complex.​ programmed adj. 预先安排的 例句：Her day is fully programmed with various activities. （2） 句型库 in one's orbit 在某人的圈子里 例句：She has many talented people in her orbit. 替换表达：in one's circle。​ be synonymous with 与…… 同义 例句：In this context, "success" is synonymous with "hard work". 替换表达：be equivalent to。​ what if 要是…… 会怎么样 例句：What if we can't finish the task on time? 句型结构：what if + 陈述句语序。​ subscribe to 赞同；订阅 例句：I subscribe to the view that education is important. 替换表达：agree with。​ on par with 与…… 同等水平 例句：His performance is on par with the best in the team. 替换表达：equal to。​ versus prep. 与…… 相比 例句：She chose to stay at home versus going out. 替换表达：compared with。​ It's all adult-driven 这一切都是由成年人主导的 句型结构：主语 + be + 动作执行者 + -driven 仿写：The project is market-driven.（这个项目是由市场主导的。） （3） 语法点 · 现在分词作状语 “When Katherine Goldstein was a child in the 1990s, growing up in Atlanta, she remembers...” 中，“growing up in Atlanta” 是现在分词短语作状语，修饰主句主语 “Katherine Goldstein”，表示伴随的动作，与主语是主动关系。考点：现在分词作状语可表示时间、原因、伴随等，过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，要注意区分。​ · 定语从句 “Ms. Goldstein, a researcher who lives with her husband and three children in Durham, N. C., also went to camp some years.” 中，“who lives with...N. C.” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “a researcher”，关系代词 “who” 在从句中作主语。考点：当先行词指人时，关系代词可用 “who” 或 “that”，在从句中作主语时不能省略。 （4） 长难句 1. But it seems a stark contrast to the annual frenzy many families these days enter as early as the fall, when summer is still several months away but the pressure to plan those school-free months reaches a peak.​ 成分分析 · 主句是 “it seems a stark contrast to the annual frenzy”； · “many families these days enter” 是省略了关系代词 “that” 的定语从句，修饰 “frenzy”； · “when summer is still...reaches a peak” 是定语从句，修饰 “the fall”，其中 “to plan those school-free months” 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 “pressure”。​ 释义：但这与如今许多家庭每年早在秋季就陷入的狂热形成了鲜明对比，那时距离夏天还有好几个月，但规划这几个无学可上的月份的压力却达到了顶峰。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 一些家长想知道，如果孩子整个夏天什么都不做会怎么样。​ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 在一些富裕的郊区，多个夏令营的学费相当于一辆新车的价格。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. "Most of the people I know who are in their 30s and 40s spent July and August at a community pool, and there was not this sense that every moment had to be programmed."​ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Registering for STEM camp may seem like a great idea to a parent, but it can leave little room for a kid to explore their natural curiosities. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、全文译通 可以让孩子整个暑假都无所事事地 “发霉” 吗？​ 20 世纪 90 年代，凯瑟琳・戈尔茨坦还是个孩子，在亚特兰大长大，她记得那些懒散的夏天，她在小区附近游泳、骑自行车，而父亲做着全职工作，母亲在家做兼职。​ 和她同一个圈子的许多千禧一代父母都有类似的回忆。“我认识的大多数三四十岁的人，他们的七八月都是在社区泳池度过的，那时没有那种每一刻都必须安排好的感觉。”41 岁的戈尔茨坦说。​ 戈尔茨坦是一名研究员，和丈夫以及三个孩子住在北卡罗来纳州的达勒姆，她有几年也去参加过夏令营。但这与如今许多家庭每年早在秋季就陷入的狂热形成了鲜明对比，那时距离夏天还有好几个月，但规划这几个无学可上的月份的压力却达到了顶峰。​ 虽然许多家长 —— 尤其是那些有办公室工作的家长 —— 可能认为夏令营是孩子度过暑假的理想且必要的方式，但另一些人则把它看作一个令人讨厌的词，等同于高昂的费用和繁琐的后勤安排。​ 有些人大胆地想，要是我的孩子什么都不做会怎么样？这可以称为 “孩子发霉”，这是网络用语，指纵容孩子悠闲地消磨时间，或者说 “放养的夏天”。​ 对于那些信奉极具竞争性的现代育儿文化的人来说，这可能听起来令人厌恶，尤其是在纽约市，报名参加夏令营就像一场军备竞赛，比的是谁能提前几个月记得设置日历提醒。​ 一些最抢手的夏令营 —— 比如中央公园动物园的夏令营（每周 720 美元）和美国自然历史博物馆的夏令营（每周 1300 美元）—— 往往在报名开始后几分钟内就满员了。在一些富裕的郊区，多个夏令营的学费总和堪比一辆新的豪华轿车。​ 暑假已经成了对父母的罗夏墨迹测试。这是一年中 “应该放松” 的时光，还是为期三个月的技能培养和简历充实期？​ 曼哈顿的私立学校招生顾问阿丽娜・亚当斯在和焦虑的纽约市家长交谈时，提倡一种特定的夏日无聊模式。“我告诉他们，比起和其他孩子一起上课，让孩子自己去尝试会更‘领先’。” 她说。​ 例如，对家长来说，报名参加 STEM 夏令营似乎是个好主意，但这会让孩子几乎没有空间去探索他们天生的好奇心。“这一切都是由成年人主导的。” Issue 7 孤独，靠多交朋友就能解决吗？ 1、 原文初探 Can loneliness be solved by making more friends? If you're a lonely adult in an American city, please know that people are trying very hard to help you. A few examples: The organization Project Gather hosts food-centered hangouts-potlucks, bake sales, mushroom foraging-across the country. The company Timeleft, operating in more than 300 cities, matches groups of five strangers for dinner every Wednesday. Ventures such as these make up a growing friendship industry, and they claim a lofty goal: Not only do they want to get people off their phone and out of the house; they want nothing less than to cure Americans of alienation. Ambitious! But I have some notes. Most of these start-ups appear to rely on a common assumption: Loneliness results from a lack of friends, and to make new friends, one should meet new people. But we don't fully know what makes a person more or less lonely. Loneliness and time spent alone don't seem to be closely correlated; different people crave different amounts of socializing, and not all socializing is equally fulfilling. The problem with relationships is often one of quality rather than quantity. One firm believer in this principle is Shasta Nelson, who writes about friendship and hosts a podcast called Frientimacy. The title is a nod to what she believes many people are hungry for: not friends, per se, but real intimacy with those friends. "We don't need to meet more people," she told me. "We need to feel more met by the people we already know." Achieving frientimacy, she argues, requires three things: consistency, positivity, and vulnerability. The friendship industry tends to start and end with mere presence: You have to show up. But a single paint-and-sip does not a best friend make. Jeffrey A. Hall, a University of Kansas communication professor, has found in his work that going from strangers to casual friends typically takes 40 to 60 hours spent together; moving to actual friends takes 80 to 100 hours, and forming a good friendship tends to take about 200 hours altogether. Ideally, a friendship-event attendee knows that if they meet someone they like, they should reach out again. What about the time after that-and after that? Without another shared context or network to put them in regular proximity, consistency is difficult to attain. Instead of seeking more and more people, hoping for a spark, maybe you're better off working on the friendships that you already have-you know, the ones you're neglecting while playing badminton with strangers. This is where positivity, another one of Nelson's pillars, comes in: the measure of how good a given friendship is making you feel. So many people, she observed, are overwhelmed and burned out; they might show up and cross "friend time" off their list without really giving those friends their full attention. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. According to Jeffrey A. Hall, how long does it take to form a good friendship? A. 40 to 60 hours. B. 80 to 100 hours. C. About 200 hours. D. More than 300 hours. 2. What can we infer about the friendship industry from the passage? A. It successfully cures Americans of alienation. B. It focuses more on the quantity of friendships than quality. C. It helps people maintain long-term friendships easily. D. It mainly organizes activities related to work. 3. The underlined word "lofty" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. modest B. practical C. ambitious D. simple 4. What is the function of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 in the passage? A. To present the author's main argument. B. To introduce the friendship industry with examples. C. To criticize the way people make friends. D. To explain the concept of "frientimacy". 5. What is the author's attitude towards the friendship industry? A. Fully supportive. B. Completely opposed. C. Critical but not negative. D. Indifferent. （2） 语法填空 1. The problem with relationships is often about quality ______ quantity. A. rather than B. as well as C. in addition to D. along with 2. Many friendship events bring people together; ______, they don't guarantee deep friendships. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwise （3） 语言应用 1.用“crave”的适当形式填空： Different people______different amounts of socializing. 2.将“It is important to work on existing friendships”改写为 ______on existing friendships is important. 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 alienation/ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ n.疏离；疏远（=estrangement） 例句：Modern life often leads to feelings of alienation. 搭配：alienation from（与……疏远）。 ambitious/æmˈbɪʃəs/ adj.有雄心的；宏大的（=aspiring） 例句：The project has an ambitious goal. 搭配：be ambitious for sth.（渴望某事）。 correlated/ˈkɒrəleɪtɪd/ adj.相关的；有联系的 例句：Smoking is correlated with lung disease. 动词形式：correlate（相关）。 crave/kreɪv/ v.渴望；热望（=desire） 例句：She craves attention from her friends. 搭配：crave for sth.（渴望某物）。 frientimacy/ˈfrendɪməsi/ n.亲密友谊（结合friend和intimacy创造的词） 例句：Frientimacy requires time and effort to build. consistency/kənˈsɪstənsi/ n.连贯性；一致性（=continuity） 例句：Consistency is key to maintaining friendships. 形容词形式：consistent（一致的）。 vulnerability/ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ n.脆弱；易受伤害（性） 例句：Sharing vulnerability can deepen friendships. 形容词形式：vulnerable（脆弱的）。 proximity/prɒkˈsɪməti/ n.接近；邻近（=closeness） 例句：Regular proximity helps build relationships. 搭配：in proximity to（接近……）。 overwhelmed/ˌəʊvəˈwelmd/ adj.不堪重负的 例句：She felt overwhelmed by work and social demands. 动词形式：overwhelm（使不堪重负）。 neglecting/nɪˈɡlektɪŋ/ v.忽视；忽略（=ignore） 例句：He regretted neglecting his old friends. 搭配：neglect to do sth.（忘记做某事）。 （2） 句型库 nothing less than 简直是；无异于 例句：The result was nothing less than a miracle. 替换表达：nothing short of。 result from 由……引起 例句：His success results from hard work. 替换表达：stem from。 rather than 而不是 例句：She chose to stay home rather than go out. 替换表达：instead of。 per se 本身；本质上（拉丁语） 例句：Money,per se,isn't evil. 替换表达：in itself。 reach out 联系；伸出援手 例句：He decided to reach out to his old classmate. 搭配：reach out to sb.（联系某人）。 better off 更合适；境况更好 例句：You're better off focusing on quality over quantity. 句型：be better off doing sth.（做某事更合适）。 cross off 从……中划掉 例句：She crossed the task off her list. 替换表达：tick off。 （3） 语法点 · 非谓语动词作定语 例句：The company Timeleft,operating in more than 300 cities,matches groups of five strangers.（第二段） 解析：“operating in more than 300 cities”是现在分词短语作定语，修饰“Timeleft”，表主动和正在进行的动作（该公司正在300多个城市运营）。 考点：现在分词作定语与所修饰词是主动关系，过去分词作定语是被动关系，如“a book written by him”（他写的书）。 · 倒装句 例句：Not only do they want to get people off their phone and out of the house;（第二段） 解析：“Not only”位于句首时，句子需部分倒装（助动词do提前），正常语序为“they not only want to...”。 考点：“not only...but also...”结构中，“not only”置于句首时倒装，“but also”后句子不倒装。 （4） 长难句 Jeffrey A.Hall,a University of Kansas communication professor,has found in his work that going from strangers to casual friends typically takes 40 to 60 hours spent together;moving to actual friends takes 80 to 100 hours,and forming a good friendship tends to take about 200 hours altogether. 句子成分： 主语：Jeffrey A.Hall · 同位语：a University of Kansas communication professor（补充说明主语身份） · 谓语：has found · 宾语从句：由that引导，包含三个并列分句，分别说明“从陌生人到普通朋友”“到真正朋友”“到深厚友谊”所需的时间。 · 非谓语短语：going from...、moving to...、forming...（均为动名词短语作主语） 释义：堪萨斯大学传播学教授杰弗里・A・霍尔在研究中发现，从陌生人发展为普通朋友通常需要共度40至60小时，升级为真正的朋友需要80至100小时，而建立深厚的友谊总共约需200小时。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1.“聚集计划” 组织举办以美食为中心的聚会来帮助孤独的成年人。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.建立亲密友谊需要连贯性、积极性和脆弱性。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1."We don't need to meet more people. We need to feel more met by the people we already know." ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Instead of seeking more and more people, maybe you're better off working on the friendships that you already have. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、全文译通 孤独，靠多交朋友就能解决吗？ 如果你是生活在美国城市里的孤独成年人，请知道人们正在非常努力地帮助你。举几个例子：“聚集计划”组织在全国各地举办以美食为中心的聚会——百味餐、烘焙义卖、采蘑菇活动。 在300多个城市运营的Timeleft公司每周三会为五位陌生人配对，让他们共进晚餐。诸如此类的企业构成了一个日益壮大的友谊产业，它们宣称有一个崇高的目标：不仅要让人们放下手机、走出家门，更要彻底治愈美国人的疏离感。 真是雄心勃勃！但我有一些看法。这些初创企业大多基于一个共同的假设：孤独源于缺乏朋友，而要结交新朋友，就应该认识新人。 但我们并不完全清楚是什么让一个人更孤独或不那么孤独。孤独与独处时间似乎并无紧密关联；不同的人对社交的需求不同，而且并非所有社交都能带来同等的满足感。 人际关系的问题往往在于质量而非数量。莎斯塔・纳尔逊是这一原则的坚定拥护者，她撰写关于友谊的文章，并主持一档名为《亲密友谊》的播客。 这个标题暗示了她认为许多人渴望的东西：并非泛泛之交本身，而是与这些朋友之间真正的亲密关系。“我们不需要认识更多人，”她告诉我，“我们需要被已经认识的人更深刻地‘看见’。” 她认为，建立亲密友谊需要三个要素：连贯性、积极性和脆弱性。友谊产业往往仅仅始于并终于“在场”：你必须出现。但仅凭一次绘画小酌，并不能造就最好的朋友。 堪萨斯大学传播学教授杰弗里・A・霍尔在研究中发现，从陌生人发展为普通朋友通常需要共度40至60小时，升级为真正的朋友需要相处80至100小时，而建立深厚的友谊总共约需200小时。 理想情况下，参加交友活动的人都知道，如果遇到喜欢的人，应该再次联系对方。那之后的时间呢？再之后呢？如果没有另一个共同的背景或人际关系网让他们经常接触，就很难实现连贯性。 与其不断结识新人、期待擦出火花，不如用心经营已有的友谊——要知道，在你忙着和陌生人打羽毛球时，老朋友们正被你晾在一边。 这就要提到纳尔逊的另一大支柱——积极性：衡量一段友谊让你感觉有多好的指标。她注意到，太多人感到不堪重负、精疲力竭；他们可能会出现在朋友面前，把“朋友时间”从代办清单上划掉，却没有真正全神贯注地对待这些朋友。 Issue 8 超级明星困境 1、 原文初探 The superstar conundrum The competition for the world's best AI talent is frenzied. Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Meta, has personally taken charge of efforts to recruit for a "superintelligence" lab. The sums on offer are eye-watering: a rumoured $200m-plus to prise away the head of Apple's AI models. OpenAI executives are said to be "recalibrating" compensation in order to ward off Mr Zuckerberg. But hiring hotshots makes sense only if you believe that talent is portable, and that superstars will continue to shine in their new organisations. That is debatable. On average, internal hires outperform external ones. People promoted from within have some obvious immediate advantages over new joiners. They know who to approach to ask dumb questions; they can actually log in. If these kinds of basic procedural issues were the only problem, then a star should quickly brush them aside. But the more profound issue is that a person's performance is not just a matter of their own brilliance. It is often inseparable from the context - the relationships, culture, processes and tacit knowledge-that surrounds a star. A variety of studies have tried to tease out how much these firm-specific factors matter to the performance of hotshots. Perhaps the best-known research in this area has been done by Boris Groysberg of Harvard Business School. In one paper written with Linda-Eling Lee, of MSCI, and Ashish Nanda, also of Harvard, Mr Groysberg looked at the performance of the best investment analysts, as measured by external rankings, after they had moved firms. In theory, a move ought not to have made much difference to how well they did their job: analysts often cover the same firms for the same clients. In practice, the stars' performance declined compared with colleagues who stayed put. That may be because incoming stars disrupt the performance of existing employees. A study by Matteo Prato of ESADE and Fabrizio Ferraro of IESE, both in Spain, also looked at the movement of securities analysts to see if the arrival of an ace affected their new colleagues. They found that the performance of the existing team fell, particularly among lower-ranked analysts; that fits with the hypothesis that stars will gobble resources and attention which might have gone to less celebrated peers. There are nuances. In another co-written paper, Mr Groysberg looked at the performance of top American football players who moved teams. Wide receivers, whose job entails complicated plans involving words like scrimmage, did worse if they switched teams than those who did not. Punters, who are very good at kicking a ball but don't have to interact much with their teammates, saw no such drop. If a job genuinely depends on individual prowess, talent can travel. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1.What did Boris Groysberg find about top investment analysts who moved firms? A.Their performance remained the same as before. B.Their performance was better than colleagues who stayed. C.Their performance declined compared with colleagues who stayed. D.They covered more firms for new clients after moving. 2.Why do wide receivers perform worse when switching teams? A.They are not good at kicking the ball. B.Their job relies heavily on teamwork and context. C.They don't have enough individual prowess. D.New teams usually don't provide enough resources. 3.The underlined word"tacit"in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______. A.explicit B.hidden C.written D.public 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A.The competition for AI talent is becoming less fierce. B.Hiring external superstars always brings better results for companies. C.The value of superstars depends on whether their job relies on context or individual prowess. D.Internal hires are always more competent than external ones. 5. What is the author's attitude towards hiring external superstars? A.Fully supportive. B.Neutral,presenting evidence for both sides. C.Strongly opposed. D.Unconcerned. （二）语法填空 1. The competition for the world's best AI talent is ______. A. frenzied B. calm C. slow D. easy 2. In theory, moving firms shouldn't affect analysts' performance; ______, their performance declined in practice. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. besides （三）语言应用 1.用“ward off”的适当形式填空： OpenAI is recalibrating compensation to______Mr Zuckerberg's recruitment efforts. 2.将“It is important for companies to consider firm-specific factors”改写为 “______firm-specific factors is important for companies.” 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 conundrum /kəˈnʌndrəm/ n. 难题；困惑（=puzzle） 例句：The company faces the conundrum of how to attract top talent. 搭配：solve a conundrum（解决难题）。 frenzied /ˈfrenzid/ adj. 狂热的；激烈的（=furious） 例句：There was a frenzied competition for the limited spots. 搭配：frenzied activity（狂热的活动）。 eye-watering /ˈaɪ wɔːtərɪŋ/ adj. 令人咋舌的；惊人的（尤指数量或金额） 例句：The eye-watering salary attracted many applicants. 近义词：staggering。 prise /praɪz/ v. 撬开；挖走（=poach） 例句：The company tried to prise the top engineer from its rival. 搭配：prise sb. away from（把某人从…… 挖走）。 recalibrate /ˌriːˈkælɪbreɪt/ v. 重新调整；重新校准 例句：The team needs to recalibrate its strategy. 名词形式：recalibration。 tacit /ˈtæsɪt/ adj. 心照不宣的；含蓄的（=implied） 例句：They have a tacit understanding about teamwork. 搭配：tacit knowledge（隐性知识）。 tease out  梳理；弄清楚（=figure out） 例句：The study aims to tease out the key factors affecting performance. gobble /ˈɡɒbl/ v. 狼吞虎咽；抢占（资源等）（=snatch） 例句：The new project gobbled up most of the budget. 搭配：gobble up（抢占；吞噬）。 entail /ɪnˈteɪl/ v. 牵涉；需要（=involve） 例句：The job entails frequent business trips. 搭配：entail doing sth.（需要做某事）。 prowess /ˈpraʊəs/ n. 高超技艺；非凡能力（=skill） 例句：His athletic prowess won him many medals. 搭配：display prowess（展示技艺）。 （2） 句型库 take charge of  负责；掌管（=be in charge of） 例句：She took charge of the company's recruitment drive. 替换表达：be responsible for。 ward off  防止；避开（=ward off） 例句：Exercise can help ward off illness. 替换表达：keep at bay。 make sense  有意义；合理（=be reasonable） 例句：Hiring internal staff makes sense for this role. 句型：make sense to do sth.（做某事合理）。 brush aside  无视；撇开（=ignore） 例句：He brushed aside the minor difficulties. 替换表达：dismiss。 stay put  留在原地；保持不变（=remain in place） 例句：Most employees chose to stay put during the company's restructuring. fit with  符合；与…… 一致（=be consistent with） 例句：The data fits with our hypothesis. 替换表达：align with。 depend on  依靠；取决于（=rely on） 例句：Success depends on hard work and luck. 句型：depend on whether...（取决于是否……）。 （3） 语法点 · 非谓语动词作定语 例句：Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Meta, has personally taken charge of efforts to recruit for a "superintelligence" lab.（第二段） 解析：“to recruit for a'superintelligence' lab” 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 “efforts”，表示 “为…… 招募的努力”，不定式作定语常表未完成或将要发生的动作。 考点：区分不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语的差异 —— 不定式表目的 / 将来，现在分词表主动 / 进行，过去分词表被动 / 完成。 · 定语从句 例句：Wide receivers, whose job entails complicated plans involving words like scrimmage, did worse if they switched teams than those who did not.（第十二段） 解析：“whose job entails...scrimmage” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “wide receivers”，关系代词 “whose” 在从句中作定语，表 “…… 的”；“who did not” 是限制性定语从句，修饰 “those”，关系代词 “who” 作主语。 考点：非限制性定语从句不能用 “that” 引导，且与主句用逗号隔开；“whose” 可修饰人或物，如 “The house whose windows face south is mine.”。 （4） 长难句 1. In one paper written with Linda-Eling Lee, of MSCI, and Ashish Nanda, also of Harvard, Mr Groysberg looked at the performance of the best investment analysts, as measured by external rankings, after they had moved firms. 句子成分： · 主语：Mr Groysberg · 谓语：looked at · 宾语：the performance of the best investment analysts · 定语：written with...Harvard（过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “paper”）；as measured by external rankings（非限制性定语，修饰 “performance”） · 时间状语从句：after they had moved firms（“they” 指代 “investment analysts”） 释义：在一篇与 MSCI 的林达 - 埃琳・李以及同样来自哈佛的阿什什・南达合著的论文中，格罗斯伯格研究了顶级投资分析师（依据外部排名衡量）跳槽后的工作表现。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. Meta 的老板马克・扎克伯格亲自负责为 “超级智能” 实验室招募人才。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 一项研究发现，明星员工的加入会降低现有团队的表现，尤其是排名较低的员工。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. But the more profound issue is that a person's performance is not just a matter of their own brilliance. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. If a job genuinely depends on individual prowess, talent can travel. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、全文译通 超级明星困境 全球顶尖人工智能（AI）人才的争夺战异常激烈。Meta 公司老板马克・扎克伯格已亲自负责为 “超级智能” 实验室招募人才的工作。 开出的薪酬令人咋舌：据传需支付 2 亿多美元才能挖走苹果公司 AI 模型部门的负责人。据称，OpenAI 的高管们正在 “重新调整” 薪酬方案，以防扎克伯格挖走自家人才。 但雇佣明星员工的合理性，仅建立在两个假设之上：一是人才具有可迁移性，二是超级明星在新组织中仍能持续闪耀。而这两个假设的合理性有待商榷。 平均而言，内部招聘的员工表现优于外部招聘者。从内部晋升的员工相较于新入职者，拥有一些明显的即时优势：他们知道该找谁请教基础问题，也熟悉公司系统的登录操作。 如果这些基本流程问题是唯一的障碍，那么明星员工理应能迅速克服。但更核心的问题在于，一个人的表现不仅取决于自身才华，还往往与围绕其的环境密不可分 —— 包括人际关系、企业文化、工作流程以及隐性知识。 多项研究试图厘清这些公司特有因素对明星员工表现的影响程度。哈佛商学院的鲍里斯・格罗斯伯格或许是该领域最知名的研究者。 在一篇与 MSCI 的林达 - 埃琳・李以及同样来自哈佛的阿什什・南达合著的论文中，格罗斯伯格研究了顶级投资分析师（依据外部排名衡量）跳槽后的工作表现。 理论上，跳槽本不该对他们的工作表现产生太大影响：分析师通常为同一批客户负责相同的公司。但实际上，这些明星员工的表现相较于留在原公司的同事有所下滑。 这可能是因为新加入的明星员工会扰乱现有员工的表现。西班牙 ESADE 商学院的马特奥・普拉托与 IESE 商学院的法布里奇奥・费拉罗共同开展的一项研究，也追踪了证券分析师的流动情况，以探究顶尖高手的加入是否会影响其新同事。 他们发现，现有团队的表现会下滑，尤其是排名较低的分析师；这与 “明星员工会抢占本可能流向普通同事的资源与关注” 这一假设相符。 当然，其中也存在细微差别。在另一篇合著论文中，格罗斯伯格研究了转会的顶级美式橄榄球运动员的表现。 外接手的工作涉及复杂的战术安排（其中会用到 “争球线” 等术语），他们在转会后的表现会比未转会的外接手更差；而弃踢手虽然擅长踢球，但无需与队友进行过多互动，其表现并未出现此类下滑。 如果一份工作真的完全依赖个人高超技艺，那么人才的可迁移性便不成问题。 Issue 9 Z 世代为何痴迷大水杯？ 1、 原文初探 Why is Gen Z obsessed with large water bottles? If you thought a reusable water bottle was a plain, boring receptacle-brought out of the cupboard only for long hikes-then you would be wrong. For Gen Z, a water bottle is both a necessity and a fashion statement. Social media are awash with videos of tumblers. The hashtag #WaterTok has 2.5bn views on TikTok. Youngsters connect their water bottles "to their outfit and to their lifestyle", says Matt Navarro, global president of Stanley 1913, a leading brand. They festoon their cups with all kinds of accessories, including stickers and keychains. Some buy straps, snack trays and backpacks for their beakers. To tap into demand, companies such as Owala and Yeti make bottles in all sorts of colours. An obsession with "self-care" helps explain the flood of interest, as many believe that water is the secret to glowing skin and mental acuity. This has led to people drinking more, a trend dubbed "hydration inflation". Stanley's most popular cup holds 1,200 millilitres of life-sustaining liquid. The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit: the value of sales of portable drinkware in America reached $4bn in the year ending in May 2025; some 270m containers were sold in the country, up from 240m two years ago. Drinking fashions ebb and flow. In the late 1970s bottled water became the cool thing in America, notes James Salzman, the author of a book about drinking water. Luxury brands sprang up; by the 2000s celebrities were naming their favourites. Rumours swirled that Mariah Carey bathed in French mineral water. Gen Z is an eco-conscious cohort. Yet the reusable-cup trend is more about style than sustainability. The desire for Stanleys is so great that a secondary trade is thriving: limited-edition cups resell for as much as $800. Talk about liquid assets. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What can we know about the sales of portable drinkware in America by May 2025? A. The sales value reached $400 million. B. About 240 million containers were sold. C. The sales value was $4 billion. D. The number of sold containers was the same as two years ago. 2. What can be inferred from the fact that limited-edition Stanleys resell for up to $800? A. Gen Z doesn't care about the price of water bottles. B. The demand for Stanley water bottles is extremely high. C. Reusable water bottles are not eco-friendly at all. D. Luxury brands of water bottles are not popular. 3. The underlined word "festoon" in Paragraph 4 probably means ______. A. decorate B. clean C. break D. empty 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to choose a suitable reusable water bottle. B. The history of drinking fashions in America. C. Why Gen Z is crazy about reusable water bottles as a fashion item. D. The environmental benefits of using reusable water bottles. 5. What is the author's attitude towards Gen Z's passion for reusable water bottles? A. Fully critical. B. Neutral, presenting facts and phenomena. C. Strongly supportive. D. Indifferent. （2） 语法填空 1. Social media are ______ with videos of tumblers. A. awash B. filled C. empty D. short 2. Gen Z is an eco-conscious cohort; ______, the reusable-cup trend is more about style than sustainability. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. besides （3） 语言应用 1. 用 “quench” 的适当形式填空： The cold drink ______ his thirst quickly on a hot day. 2. 将 “It is believed that water is the secret to glowing skin” 改写为 “ Water ______ to be the secret to glowing skin.” 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 reusable /ˌriːˈjuːzəbl/ adj. 可重复使用的（=recyclable，此处侧重 “多次使用”，recyclable 侧重 “可回收”） 例句：We should use reusable bags to reduce plastic pollution. 搭配：reusable products（可重复使用产品）。 receptacle /rɪˈseptəkl/ n. 容器；贮藏器（=container） 例句：This box can be used as a receptacle for old books. 语境例句：The article refers to a water bottle as a "plain, boring receptacle". awash /əˈwɒʃ/ adj. 充斥着的；被淹没的（=filled） 例句：The Internet is awash with information about this event. 搭配：be awash with sth.（充斥着某物）。 festoon /feˈstuːn/ v. 装饰；点缀（=decorate） 例句：They festooned the room with balloons for the party. 语境例句：Youngsters festoon their cups with stickers and keychains. accessory /əkˈsesəri/ n. 配件；饰品（=attachment） 例句：She bought some accessories for her mobile phone. 搭配：fashion accessories（时尚配饰）。 obsession /əbˈseʃn/ n. 痴迷；迷恋（=craze） 例句：His obsession with video games affects his study. 搭配：obsession with sth.（对某物的痴迷）。 acuity /əˈkjuːəti/ n. 敏锐；敏锐度（=sharpness） 例句：Reading can improve mental acuity. 语境例句：Many believe water is the secret to mental acuity. hype /haɪp/ n. 炒作；大肆宣传（=promotion，此处含 “过度宣传” 意味） 例句：The hype about this new product made it very popular. 搭配：media hype（媒体炒作）。 quench /kwentʃ/ v. 解渴；熄灭（=satisfy，侧重 “解渴”“灭火”） 例句：A glass of cold water quenched my thirst. 语境例句：The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 维持；支撑（=maintain） 例句：This food can sustain us for a long time. 形容词形式：sustaining（维持生命的） 语境例句："life-sustaining liquid" refers to water. （2） 句型库 be awash with  充斥着；满是 例句：The street is awash with colorful lights during the festival. 替换表达：be filled with, be full of。 tap into  挖掘；利用（资源、需求等） 例句：The company is trying to tap into the young market. 替换表达：explore, make use of。 ebb and flow  潮起潮落；有起有伏 例句：The popularity of this singer has ebbed and flowed over the years. 用法：常用以描述趋势、情绪等的变化。 spring up  突然出现；迅速兴起 例句：Many new restaurants have sprung up in this area recently. 替换表达：pop up, emerge suddenly。 swirl around/that 流传；散布（谣言、消息等） 例句：Rumors swirled around that the company would close down. 替换表达：spread, circulate。 more...than...  与其说…… 不如说…… 例句：He is more brave than foolish. 解析：此处表示肯定前者、否定后者，原文 “the reusable-cup trend is more about style than sustainability” 意为 “可重复使用水杯潮流与其说为环保，不如说为风格”。 so...that...  如此…… 以至于…… 例句：He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 解析：引导结果状语从句，原文 “The desire for Stanleys is so great that a secondary trade is thriving” 中，“so great” 是原因，“a secondary trade is thriving” 是结果。 （3） 语法点 · 过去分词作定语 例句：If you thought a reusable water bottle was a plain, boring receptacle-brought out of the cupboard only for long hikes-then you would be wrong.（第二段） 解析：“brought out of the cupboard only for long hikes” 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “receptacle”，表示 “被从橱柜里拿出来（用于长途徒步）的（容器）”，过去分词与所修饰词之间是被动关系（容器被拿出来）。 考点提示：区分过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语 —— 过去分词表被动、完成，如 “a book written by Lu Xun”（鲁迅写的书）；现在分词表主动、进行，如 “a girl reading a book”（正在看书的女孩）。 · 同位语从句 例句：Rumours swirled that Mariah Carey bathed in French mineral water.（第七段） 解析：“that Mariah Carey bathed in French mineral water” 是同位语从句，对 “Rumours” 的具体内容进行解释说明，从句结构完整，不缺成分，“that” 仅起连接作用，无实际意义。 考点提示：同位语从句常跟在 “fact, news, rumour, idea” 等抽象名词后，与定语从句区分 —— 定语从句中 “that” 在从句中作成分（主语、宾语等），如 “The news that he told me is true.”（定语从句，“that” 作宾语）；同位语从句中 “that” 不作成分，如 “The news that he won the prize is true.”（同位语从句）。 （4） 长难句 1. The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit: the value of sales of portable drinkware in America reached $4bn in the year ending in May 2025; some 270m containers were sold in the country, up from 240m two years ago. 句子成分： · 主句为 “The hype is quenching brands' thirst for profit”，其中 “the hype” 是主语，“is quenching” 是谓语，“brands' thirst for profit” 是宾语； · 冒号后是两个并列的分句，对主句内容进行补充说明，第一个分句 “the value...May 2025” 中，“the value of sales of portable drinkware in America” 是主语，“reached” 是谓语，“$4bn” 是宾语，“in the year ending in May 2025” 是时间状语（“ending in May 2025” 是现在分词作定语修饰 “the year”）；第二个分句 “some 270m...two years ago” 中，“some 270m containers” 是主语，“were sold” 是谓语，“up from 240m two years ago” 是状语，表数量变化。 释义：这种炒作正在满足品牌对利润的渴望：截至 2025 年 5 月，美国便携式杯具的销售额已达 40 亿美元；该国售出约 2.7 亿个杯具，较两年前的 2.4 亿个有所增长。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. Z 世代将水杯与他们的穿搭风格和生活方式联系在一起。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 对 “自我关怀” 的痴迷使得人们喝更多的水，这一趋势被称为 “补水膨胀”。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. "For Gen Z, a water bottle is both a necessity and a fashion statement." ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. "Yet the reusable-cup trend is more about style than sustainability." ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、全文译通 Z 世代为何痴迷大水杯？ 如果你以为可重复使用的水杯只是一个朴素无趣的容器，只有在长途徒步时才会从橱柜里拿出来，那么你就错了。对 Z 世代来说，水杯既是生活必需品，也是时尚宣言。 社交媒体上充斥着关于水杯的视频。带有 #WaterTok（水杯抖音）标签的内容在 TikTok 上的浏览量已达 25 亿次。水杯一线品牌斯坦利 1913 的全球总裁马特・纳瓦罗表示，年轻人将水杯 “与自己的穿搭风格和生活方式” 关联起来。 他们给水杯装饰上各种各样的配件，包括贴纸和钥匙链。有些人还给水杯购买了背带、零食托盘和专用双肩包。为了挖掘这一需求，Owala 和 Yeti 等公司推出了各种颜色的水杯。 对 “自我关怀” 的痴迷是这股水杯热潮背后的原因之一，因为许多人认为水是拥有莹润肌肤和敏锐思维的秘诀。这使得人们饮水量大增，这一趋势被称为 “补水膨胀”。 斯坦利最受欢迎的水杯可容纳 1200 毫升维持生命的液体（水）。这种对水杯的炒作正满足品牌对利润的渴望：截至 2025 年 5 月，美国便携式杯具的销售额已达 40 亿美元；该国售出约 2.7 亿个杯具，较两年前的 2.4 亿个有所增长。 饮水潮流如潮起潮落。著有一本关于饮用水书籍的作者詹姆斯・萨尔兹曼指出，20 世纪 70 年代末，瓶装水在美国成了时髦事物。各类奢侈瓶装水品牌纷纷涌现；到 21 世纪初，明星们开始公开提及自己最爱的品牌。当时还流传着玛丽亚・凯莉用法国矿泉水洗澡的谣言。 Z 世代是具有环保意识的群体。然而，可重复使用水杯的潮流与其说关乎可持续发展（环保），不如说关乎时尚风格。人们对斯坦利水杯的渴望如此强烈，以至于二级市场蓬勃发展：限量版水杯的转售价高达 800 美元。这才称得上是 “流动资产” 啊。 Issue 10 三个问题帮你提升决策的速度与质量 1、 原文初探 Three questions to improve the speed and quality of your choices The ways in which humans can be triggered into making irrational decisions are many and varied. Investors make higher bids for stocks when the sun is shining. If you add paper packaging to a product wrapped in plastic, people will perceive it as being more environmentally friendly than the same product without paper. In an ideal world, individuals would correct for their own biases when they make decisions. If I show you a visual illusion and you fall for it, you would never say "I will watch out and I will never fall for any visual illusion again." Instead, it's up to organisations to encourage better decision-making. That means asking three questions in particular. The first is what kind of decision is being taken. When he was leading Amazon, Jeff Bezos used the idea of one-way and two-way doors to separate decisions into two categories. A one-way door is a big decision which is hard to reverse and should absorb more thought. A two-way door is a decision where changing course is not that difficult and it's better to move fast even if mistakes are made. (A revolving door is presumably for people who never come to a decision at all.) Whatever vocabulary you choose, it's useful to think about the costs of botching a decision and to calibrate things accordingly. The second question is who is taking the decision. Disagreements can quickly lead to an impasse unless someone has the authority to make the choice. There are lots of formal frameworks designed to specify decision-making roles. Even then, decisions can end up being countermanded by someone higher up the ladder. So an awful lot depends on whether bosses are willing to live with decisions if they disagree with them. The final question is how to reach your decision. Should it follow a codified process? Should there be structured ways to gather opposing views? Should it involve a pre-mortem, which asks people to imagine the things that are likely to cause a decision to turn out badly? For strategic choices, the answer to all these questions and more is probably "yes". However a decision is made, some rules are better than none. When you wash your hands, you don't know specifically which virus or bacterium you are washing away, but you know it's a good idea. A process makes big decisions more hygienic, too. 2、 阅读闯关 （1） 阅读理解 1. What is a "one-way door" decision according to Jeff Bezos? A. A decision that is easy to change. B. A major decision that is hard to reverse. C. A decision made by lower-level employees. D. A decision that requires no careful thought. 2. What can we infer from the example of "washing hands" in the last paragraph? A. Decision-making processes are completely useless. B. Following decision-making rules is unnecessary. C. Having a decision-making process is beneficial, even if we don't know all risks. D. We should only make decisions when we know all possible outcomes. 3. The underlined word "botching" in Paragraph 5 probably means ______. A. making a mistake in B. succeeding in C. speeding up D. delaying 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Why humans often make irrational decisions. B. Three questions to help improve decision speed and quality. C. The history of Amazon's decision-making methods. D. How to deal with disagreements in decision-making. 5. What is the author's attitude towards having a decision-making process? A. Negative. B. Neutral. C. Positive. D. Doubtful. （2） 语法填空 1. Disagreements can quickly lead to an impasse unless someone has the ______ to make the choice. A. authority B. ability C. interest D. time 2. In an ideal world, individuals would correct their own biases; ______, it's up to organisations to encourage better decision-making. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. besides （3） 语言应用 1. 用“reverse”的适当形式填空： It is difficult to______the negative effects of this wrong decision. 2. 将“It is useful to think about the costs of botching a decision”改写为 “______about the costs of botching a decision is useful.” 三、语点精析 （1） 核心词 irrational /ɪˈræʃənl/ adj. 不理性的；无理性的（=unreasonable） 例句：Making irrational decisions when angry often leads to regret. 搭配：irrational behavior（非理性行为） 反义词：rational（理性的） trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ v. 引发；触发（=provoke） 例句：Stress can trigger a range of health problems. 语境例句：The ways in which humans can be triggered into making irrational decisions are many and varied. 搭配：trigger sth. in sb.（引发某人的某种反应） perceive /pəˈsiːv/ v. 认为；察觉（=regard） 例句：She perceived the proposal as a threat to her career. 语境例句：People will perceive it as being more environmentally friendly than the same product without paper. 搭配：perceive sth. as sth.（把某物看作某物） bias /ˈbaɪəs/ n. 偏见；偏向（=prejudice） ；例句：His personal bias affected the fairness of the decision. 语境例句：In an ideal world, individuals would correct for their own biases when they make decisions. 搭配：have a bias against sb./sth.（对某人 / 某物有偏见）。 reverse /rɪˈvɜːs/ v. 逆转；反转（=undo） 例句：We need to reverse the decline in sales. 语境例句：A one-way door is a big decision which is hard to reverse. 搭配：reverse a decision（撤销决定） 反义词：uphold（维持） impasse /ˈɪmpæs/ n. 僵局；停滞（=deadlock） 例句：The negotiation reached an impasse because neither side would compromise. 语境例句：Disagreements can quickly lead to an impasse unless someone has the authority to make the choice. authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n. 权力；权威（=power） 例句：She has the authority to approve all major projects. 语境例句：Disagreements can quickly lead to an impasse unless someone has the authority to make the choice. 搭配：have the authority to do sth.（有权做某事） countermand /ˌkaʊntəˈmɑːnd/ v. 撤销；取消（命令、决定等）（=revoke） 例句：The manager countermanded the earlier order to cut staff. 语境例句：Even then, decisions can end up being countermanded by someone higher up the ladder. codified /ˈkəʊdɪfaɪd/ adj. 成文的；系统化的（=systematized） 例句：The company has a codified set of rules for employee behavior. 语境例句：Should it follow a codified process? 动词形式：codify（编纂；使成文） botch /bɒtʃ/ v. 搞砸；弄糟（=mess up） 例句：He botched the job by making a series of silly mistakes. 语境例句：It's useful to think about the costs of botching a decision. 搭配：botch up sth.（把某事搞砸） （2） 句型库 fall for  上当；信以为真（=be deceived by） 例句：She fell for his flattery and agreed to help. 语境例句：If I show you a visual illusion and you fall for it... 替换表达：be taken in by it's up to sb. to do sth.  由某人负责做某事 例句：It's up to the teacher to decide the exam schedule. 语境例句：Instead, it's up to organisations to encourage better decision-making. 替换表达：sb. is responsible for doing sth. separate...into...  把…… 分成……（=divide...into...） 例句：The teacher separated the class into four groups. 语境例句：Jeff Bezos used the idea of one-way and two-way doors to separate decisions into two categories. 区别：“separate” 强调 “使分离、区分”，“divide” 强调 “把整体分成部分”，此处可通用。 higher up the ladder  职位更高；等级更高（=higher in the hierarchy） 例句：He reported the problem to someone higher up the ladder. 语境例句：Even then, decisions can end up being countermanded by someone higher up the ladder. 替换表达：higher-ranking live with  接受；容忍（=accept） 例句：She had to live with the consequences of her mistake. 语境例句：So an awful lot depends on whether bosses are willing to live with decisions if they disagree with them. 替换表达：put up with（侧重 “忍受”，语气更强） turn out  结果是；变得（=end up） 例句：The party turned out to be a great success. 语境例句：...which asks people to imagine the things that are likely to cause a decision to turn out badly. 句型：turn out + adj./that 从句（结果……）。 some...better than none  有总比没有好 ；例句：Even a small amount of help is better than none. 语境例句：However a decision is made, some rules are better than none. 结构：“some + 名词” 表示 “少量、部分”，用于强调 “即使数量少也有价值”。 （3） 语法点 · 定语从句 例句：A one-way door is a big decision which is hard to reverse and should absorb more thought.（第四段） 解析：“which is hard to reverse and should absorb more thought” 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 “a big decision”，关系代词 “which” 在从句中作主语，引导两个并列谓语（is hard to reverse, should absorb more thought）。 考点提示：区分关系代词 “which” 与 “that”—— 先行词为物时，二者可通用，但非限制性定语从句、介词后只能用 “which”，如 “The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.”（非限制性定语从句，不能用 “that”）。 · 非谓语动词作定语 例句：There are lots of formal frameworks designed to specify decision-making roles.（第六段） 解析：“designed to specify decision-making roles” 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 “formal frameworks”，表示 “被设计用来明确决策角色的（框架）”，过去分词与先行词之间是被动关系（框架被设计）。 考点提示：过去分词作定语表被动、完成，现在分词作定语表主动、进行，如 “a girl singing a song”（主动，正在唱歌的女孩）vs “a song sung by a girl”（被动，被女孩唱的歌）。 （4） 长难句 1. Should it involve a pre-mortem, which asks people to imagine the things that are likely to cause a decision to turn out badly? 句子成分： · 主句是倒装疑问句 “Should it involve a pre-mortem”（正常语序为 “Should it involve a pre-mortem?”，“should” 提前表建议）； · “which asks people...turn out badly” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 “pre-mortem”，其中 “which” 在从句中作主语；“that are likely to...turn out badly” 是限制性定语从句，修饰 “the things”，“that” 在从句中作主语，“to cause a decision to turn out badly” 是不定式短语作宾语补足语（cause sb./sth. to do sth.）。 释义：是否应该进行事前剖析？即让人们设想那些可能导致决策结果糟糕的各种因素。 四、拓展演练 （1） 英译汉 1. 杰夫・贝佐斯用单向门和双向门的概念将决策分为两类。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 分歧很快就会导致僵局，除非有人有权做出决定。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） 汉译英 1. The ways in which humans can be triggered into making irrational decisions are many and varied. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. However a decision is made, some rules are better than none. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、全文译通 三个问题帮你提升决策的速度与质量 人类被诱导做出非理性决策的方式多种多样。阳光明媚时，投资者会对股票开出更高的报价。如果在塑料包装的产品外再套一层纸包装，人们会觉得它比没有纸包装的同款产品更环保。 在理想世界里，人们做决策时会自行纠正自身的偏见。如果我给你看一张视觉错觉图，你上当了，你绝不会说 “我会小心，以后再也不上任何视觉错觉图的当”。相反，鼓励人们做出更优决策的责任落在了组织肩上。 这意味着要重点问三个问题。第一个问题是：正在做的是何种决策？杰夫・贝佐斯在执掌亚马逊期间，曾用 “单向门” 和 “双向门” 的概念将决策分为两类。 “单向门” 决策是指难以逆转的重大决策，这类决策需要投入更多思考。“双向门” 决策则是指调整方向相对容易的决策，即便可能犯错，也应快速行动。 （至于 “旋转门”，大概是指那些始终无法做出决策的人吧。）无论你选择用什么术语，考虑决策失误的代价并据此调整做法，都很有意义。 第二个问题是：谁来做决策？除非有人有权拍板，否则分歧很快就会让事情陷入僵局。目前有许多正式框架，旨在明确各类决策的负责角色。 即便如此，决策最终仍可能被上级撤销。因此，在很大程度上，情况取决于老板们是否愿意接受那些自己并不认同的决策。 第三个问题是：如何达成决策？是否应遵循成文流程？是否应建立结构化的方式来收集反对意见？是否应进行 “事前剖析”—— 即让人们设想可能导致决策失败的各种潜在因素？ 对于战略决策而言，上述所有问题（以及更多相关问题）的答案或许都是 “是的”。无论决策以何种方式做出，有规则总比没有好。洗手时，你并不知道自己具体洗掉了哪种病毒或细菌，但你清楚洗手是个好习惯。同样，一套规范的流程也能让重大决策更 “卫生”（更合理、风险更低）。 $$