内容正文:
高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 15 词汇 F2
force; make; oblige
【词义辨析】
三者都有“强迫,迫使”的意思,但是具体含义有区别。
1 force是“强迫,迫使”的意思,表示暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。常用结构是force sb. into doing sth.和force sb. to do sth.。
Her husband forced her to steal money. (她的丈夫逼迫她去偷钱。)
They forced him into signing the paper. (他们强迫他在文件上签字。)
2 make的用途较广,表示强迫的含义不及force强,后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
He made his children run around the field for one hour. (他要孩子们绕操场跑一个小时。)
The teacher made him hand in the homework before leaving. (老师要他离开前把作业交上来。)
3 oblige比较正式,是“(因法律、习俗等)强迫,迫使,使不得不”之意,强调必要性,多用于由于内部的动机或者感情迫使做某事等。常用于被动形式,常用结构是be obliged to do sth.。
They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay off their debts. (他们被迫卖房还债。)
The law obliges parents to send their children to school. (法律要求父母送子女入学。)
forget to do sth.; forget doing sth.
【词义辨析】
forget to do sth.和forget doing sth.都可以表示“忘记做某事”的意思,但用法却不相同。
1 forget to do sth.的意思是“忘了要去做某事”,表示事情尚未做,这里的不定式所表示的动作还没有发生。
She forgot to do her English homework. (她忘记要做英语作业了。)
Don't forget to give him my present. (不要忘了把我的礼物给他。)
2 forget doing sth. 的意思是“忘记已经做过了某事”,表示事情已经做了而忘记了,这里的动名词所表示的动作已经发生过了。
I shall never forget seeing him for the first time. (我永远也忘不了第一次看到他的情景。)
I forgot borrowing a book from you. (我忘了曾经向你借过书这件事。)
form; figure; shape
【词义辨析】
1 form指有具体结构和看得见的某种特殊形状或是抽象的形式。
The director expressed his idea in the form of dialogue. (导演用对白的形式表达他的观点。)
It was a form of blackmail. (那是一种讹诈。)
2 figure意思为“外形,轮廓,体形”。
She has a slender figure. (她身材苗条。)
I saw a figure in the darkness. (我在黑暗中看到一个人影。)
3 shape着重指人或物比较具体的整体外形。
What's the shape of your cup? (你的杯子是什么形状?)
It is the shape of a hammer. (那是锤子的形状。)
former; previous
【词义辨析】
两者都有“以前的”意思,都可作形容词。
1 former指在时间意义上更早发生。
Clinton is the former president of the United States. (克林顿是美国前总统。)
Their farm has been reduced to half its former size. (他们的农场被缩减成以前的一半了。)
2 previous指在时间或顺序上在发生其他事之前。
She has three children from a previous marriage. (她在上次的婚姻中留下三个孩子。)
The steel output of this year is 20 million tons; it is three times over the previous year. (今年的钢产量是两千万吨,是去年的三倍。)
free of; free from
【词义辨析】
1 free of表示“无……的,免于……的”,指目前已经摆脱或脱离影响。
It is a house free of mouse. (这是一所无鼠害的房子。)
The job was free of difficulties. (这工作并不难。)
2 free from表示“没有……的,不受……约束的”,表示从一种不好的状态中解脱出来。
This sentence is free from mistakes. (这个句子没有错误。)
Children are free from care. (孩子们是无忧无虑的。)
freedom; liberty
【词义辨析】
1 freedom含义广,主要是指没有拘束和限制,可以自由地按自己的意志行事,多用于个人言论、信仰或行动等。
The old people are shocked by the new freedom in movies and novels. (老人们为电影和小说中的新自由感到震惊。)
The slaves fought against the slave owners for their freedom. (奴隶们为了争取自由而和奴隶主们进行斗争。)
2 liberty表示摆脱束缚、限制而获得的自由,也可以是自由选择的权利,但有别于想干什么就干什么的自由自在的状态。
Women used to have little liberty. (过去妇女没有多少自由。)
I am afraid that I am not at liberty to share your happiness. (我恐怕无权分享你的快乐。)
from now on; from then on
【词义辨析】
1 from now on意思是“从现在起,从此,从今以后”,是副词短语,表示时间,常与一般将来时或者现在时连用,一般不能用于过去时。
We must study hard from now on. (我们必须从现在起努力学习。)
From now on, you are the owner of the factory. (从现在起,你就是工厂的主人。)
2 from then on的意思是“从(过去)那时起”,一般用于完成时和过去时中。
I have never met her from then on. (从那以后,我再也没有遇到过她。)
From then on they left their country. (从那时起,他们就离开了自己的国家。)
fun; funny
【词义辨析】
两者的词性不同,fun是名词,funny是形容词。
1 fun的意思是“娱乐,玩笑”,为不可数名词。
It's great fun to have a talk with him. (和他谈话很有意思。)
Don't make fun of me. (不要取笑我。)
2 funny的意思是“有趣的,令人愉快的”。
He introduced many funny men to us. (他给我们介绍了很多有趣的人。)
There is something funny about this. (这事有点古怪。)
That's the funniest joke I've ever heard. (那是我所听过的最风趣的笑话。)
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