内容正文:
高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 11 词汇 D2
difficult; hard
【词义辨析】
两者用作形容词时,均可表示“困难的”之意,一般情况下能互换,但两者之间也有一定的区别。
1 difficult的意思是“困难的”,其程度要比hard深,侧重需要特别的能力、智力、判断力、技巧或勇气才能克服障碍,也可指深奥或抽象的难题。
It's difficult and expensive work. (这可是既费力又费钱的工作。)
We don't think it's difficult to become a kind-hearted man. (我们认为做一个好人并不难。)
2 hard是“困难的,艰苦的”意思,泛指任何难理解、不好处理或不易做的事。有时也习惯用来指体力和精神方面所感受到的困难与艰苦。
The new neighbor is hard to get along with. (那个新邻居很难相处。)
It's hard for me to accept his daughter. (要我去接受他的女儿很难。)
注意 hard除了可以用作形容词外,还可以用作副词,意为“努力地,困难地,困苦地”等。
She tried hard, but failed. (她努力尝试过, 但未能成功。)
The old man is breathing hard. (这位老人呼吸困难。)
direct; directly
【词义辨析】
1 两词都可以作副词,有“直接地,径直地”的意思,但direct 通常只位于动词之后,而 directly 则可位于动词之前或之后。
The plane flies London direct. (飞机直飞伦敦。)
Let's go direct to the office to have a meeting. (让我们直接到会议室去开会吧。)
His words directly affected the cooperation. (他的话直接影响了合作。)
You could phone her directly. (你可以直接给她打电话。)
2 directly可以表示“一会儿,马上,不久”的意思,而 direct没有这层意思。
I'll be there directly. (我一会儿就去那儿。)
He will be home directly. (他马上就回家。)
direct; instruct; guide; lead
【词义辨析】
这四者都有“指引,引导”的意思,但在使用时要注意彼此的区别。
1 direct指为某人指方向,但自己不一定亲自引路,也可表示指导一群人从事某项活动。
The leader directed him to cancel the meeting. (领导指示他取消这次会议。)
The eighty-year-old man personally directs the operations of the company. (那位八十岁的老人亲自指挥公司的运作。)
2 instruct比较正式,表示“指引,教导”,含有命令的语气,强调指导他人去做某事。
He instructed us in English writing. (他指导我们英语写作。)
He instructed me to deliver it to a customer. (他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。)
3 guide表示亲自“引领”,指引导者与被引导者双方彼此合作,共同努力的关系。
He guided the man through the streets to the railway station. (他带这个人走过街道到火车站。)
Chairman Mao's thoughts guided us to win a victory in building a socialist country. (毛泽东思想指引我们取得建设社会主义国家的伟大胜利。)
4 lead强调走在前头,引导到目的地。用于抽象意义时,指在某项活动或运动中起主导和组织作用。
He led them in launching a patriotic movement. (他领导他们开展了一场爱国运动。)
She led a blind man into the hospital. (她把一个盲人带进了医院。)
disappear; lose; miss
【词义辨析】
三者都有“消失,丢失”的意思,但用法有区别。
1 disappear是不及物动词,指“消失,不见,突然离开”,有时可以指抽象名词,如困难、疼痛、疾病等的消失。
The man disappeared immediately. (那个人很快消失了。)
Let's hope that our difficulties will soon disappear. (我们希望,我们的困难不久便可以消除。)
The cold soon disappeared. (感冒很快就好了。)
2 lose可作及物动词和不及物动词,常用来表示“记忆的丧失”以及“钱物等的丢失”等。强调失去后不易找回。
This morning I lost the school bus. (今天早上我没有赶上校车。)
They lose many books just now. (他们刚刚丢了很多书。)
Chairman Mao lost his son in the Korean war. (毛主席在朝鲜战争中失去了他的儿子。)
3 miss是指丢失了“具体的实物”,有希望找回来,另外还有“错过,思念,怀念”的意思。
She did not realize that she missed her necklace until she arrived home. (直到回到家里她才发现丢失了项链。)
We often miss the days when we were together. (我们经常怀念在一起的那些日子。)
discover; find; invent
【词义辨析】
三者都含有“发现”之意,但用法还是有很大差别的。
1 discover指偶然或经过努力后发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物,也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。
Columbus discovered America in 1492. (哥伦布1492年发现了美洲大陆。)
Who discovered the Big Dipper? (谁发现了北斗七星?)
2 find的意思是“找到,发现”,指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西,着重强调结果。
I found a money bag on the road. (我在路上发现了一个装钱的包。)
I finally found my lost pet dog in a corner. (我最后在一个拐角处发现了我丢失的宠物狗。)
3 invent是“发明”的意思,指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明,创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。
Bell invented the telephone. (贝尔发明了电话。)
Edison didn't discover electricity, but invented the light bulb. (爱迪生不是发现了电,而是发明了电灯泡。)
disease; illness; sickness
【词义辨析】
三者都有“病,疾病”的意思。
1 disease是可数名词,通常指具体的“疾病”。
Cancer is a horrible disease. (癌症是一种可怕的疾病。)
Arthritis is a chronic disease. (关节炎是一种慢性病。)
2 illness主要用于由人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾病,多指难于医治的慢性病或身体的极度虚弱等。
His illness made the family become poor. (他的病使他的家庭变得贫穷了。)
He died after a long illness. (他去世之前病了很久。)
3 sickness多指短时间的疾病,也可指晕船、恶心等。
She is absent because of sickness. (她因病缺席。)
He felt a wave of sickness come over him. (他感到一阵恶心。)
注意 disease也可用作不可数名词,指“疾病”的总称。
Flies spread disease. (苍蝇传染疾病。)
Disease is usually caused by germs. (疾病多由病菌引起。)
disturb; interrupt; trouble
【词义辨析】
三者都有“打断,骚扰”的意思。
1 disturb比较正式,意思是“使中断,打扰”,指妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序,给人带来程度较深的烦恼。
No one disturbs you. (没人打扰你。)
Please don't disturb me while I'm working. (当我工作时,请不要打扰我。)
2 interrupt 的意思是“打断,中断”,一般指暂时打断或中断别人的话或正在做的事。
It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking. (在别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。)
The war interrupted the trade between the two countries. (战争使两国间的贸易中断了。)
3 trouble可用作动词,用法比较随便,意思为“使麻烦”,常表示由于你的因素给别人造成了麻烦。
Don't trouble about that. (别为那事费心了。)
Losing a little money doesn't trouble me. (损失一点钱我并不在意。)
divide; separate
【词义辨析】
两者都有“分,分开”的意思。
1 divide的意思是“分割,分开”,强调把一个整体按等量或一定比例分开,常与into连用。
The world is divided into seven continents. (世界被分成七大洲。)
We divide the class into four groups. (我们把整个班级分成四组。)
2 separate的意思是“分开”,侧重表示把原来在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来,分开后的部分具有相对的独立性,常与介词from连用。
The Red Sea separates Africa from Asia. (红海把非洲和亚洲分开。)
We separate the men from the women. (我们把女人和男人分开。)
door; gate; entrance
【词义辨析】
三者都有“门,入口”的意思。
1 door指屋子、衣柜等的“门”或“门口”。
A postman was standing in the door. (一个邮递员站在门口。)
Would you please open the door for me? (请为我打开门好吗?)
2 gate指“大门,出入口”,一般比door大,指院落、土地周围墙上的门,如城门、校门、厂门、公园门等。
We are going to meet outside the school gate. (我们打算在校门外集合。)
He is waiting for you at the park gate. (他正在公园门口等你。)
3 entrance的意思是“入口”,一般是指那种大型公共场所的入口。
I'll meet you at the entrance of the zoo tomorrow. (明天,我会在动物园的入口处和你见面。)
There are many bicycles and cars at the entrance of the park. (在公园的入口处有许多自行车和汽车。)
double; time; twice
【词义辨析】
三者都有“倍数”的意思,但用法不一样。
1 double可用作形容词,意为“两倍的,双重的”; 也可用作动词,意为“使加倍”; 还可以用作名词,意思为“两倍”。
Everything he says has a double meaning. (他说的话都有双重含义。)
Company profits have doubled since the introduction of new technology. (自从引进新技术以来公司利润翻了一番。)
He took double of what the other children did. (他所拿的是其他小孩的两倍。)
2 time作名词,意思为“时间”,也可以表示“倍数”。
Time waits for no man. (时间不等人。)
Your house is three times the size of my house. (你的房子是我的房子三倍大。)
3 twice 只是副词,意为“两倍,两次”。
He comes to work twice a week. (他每周来上两次班。)
The dining room is twice as big as the kitchen. (餐厅是厨房的两倍大。)
doubt; suspect
【词义辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思。
1 doubt是普通用词,多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑,多用于肯定句和否定句中。
I don't doubt that he is right. (我确信他是对的。)
I doubt his identity. (我怀疑他的身份。)
2 suspect指猜疑、疑心,肯定意味较多,有存在或属实的想法。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu. (医生怀疑他得了流感。)
I suspected him to be a thief. (我怀疑他是一个小偷。)
doubtful; uncertain; unsure
【词义辨析】
三者都有“不确定”的意思。
1 doubtful指对某个问题持怀疑的、有疑问的态度,强调缺乏信心。
He was doubtful about her honesty. (他对她的诚实感到怀疑。)
I'm doubtful whether she still lives in New York. (我怀疑她是否还住在纽约。)
2 uncertain多指因缺乏证据或了解而捉摸不定,也指因不能预料而不能作出选择。
The final list is still uncertain. (最后的名单还没有确定。)
I'm uncertain whether he will go abroad next month. (我无法确定他下个月是否会出国。)
3 unsure多指对某事没有把握或不确定要做的事情。
People seem to be unsure how to explain it. (人们似乎还不大有把握怎样去解释它。)
I am unsure whether she has finished it. (我不敢肯定她是否已经完成了它。)
dozen; score
【词义辨析】
1 dozen表示“一打,十二个”的意思,score表示“二十”的意思。
Eggs are 20 yuan for a dozen. (鸡蛋20元一打。)
I bought a dozen books yesterday. (我昨天买了12本书。)
A score of people attended the meeting. (20人出席了会议。)
2 若表示“几十”或“许多”时,这两个词要用复数加 of。
I bought a dozen eggs and every one of them was fresh. (我买了一打鸡蛋,每个都是新鲜的。)
Dozens of people were told to evacuate from this region because a storm was coming. (许多人都被告知撤离这个地区,因为暴风雨就要来了。)
They received scores of letters about food safety. (他们收到了大量关于食品安全的信。)
drag; draw; pull
【词义辨析】
三者都可表示“拉,拖”的意思。
1 drag表示慢慢地用力“拖,拉”,力量要比draw大,一般用来拖或拉笨重的东西。
He grabbed her and dragged her away. (他抓住她,把她拖走了。)
He is dragging a car along with his teeth. (他正吃力地用牙齿拖着一辆小汽车前行。)
2 draw比pull正式,通常指“拖,拉”的动作均匀、平稳、从容。
He drew a box from a drawer and opened it. (他从抽屉里抽出一个盒子并打开它。)
The cart was drawn by four horses. (大车由四匹马拉着。)
3 pull为常用词语,意为“用力拉”,指使物体朝着发出力的方向移动,常伴有表示方向的状语。
She pulled his trousers to get his attention. (她拽着他的裤子以引起他的注意。)
Pull the door open. (把门拉开。)
draw; paint; sketch
【词义辨析】
三者都有“绘,画”的意思,但要注意彼此之间的区别。
1 draw通常指用铅笔、钢笔或者粉笔画,一般并不涂上颜料。
His mother draws well. (他妈妈画得很好。)
These pictures are drawn by children. (这些画是孩子们画的。)
2 paint一般指用颜色画,如油画、水彩或者水墨画等。
He painted in water colors. (他画水彩画。)
The professor is teaching his students to paint in oils. (教授正在教他的学生画油画。)
3 sketch表示快速、草草地画,只勾勒出物体的主要特征,作为作品的基础,图画通常不完整。
My brother likes sketching anywhere. (我哥哥喜欢随处速写。)
He did a sketch of the farmers. (他为这些农民画了一张素描。)
dress; dress up
【词义辨析】
两者都有“化妆,打扮”的意思。
1 dress常作不及物动词,一般指日常的穿着、打扮。
He never dresses well. (他从来不讲究衣着。)
The girl dresses fashionably. (那女孩穿着时髦。)
2 dress up指穿上盛装,一般指经过一番精心“乔装打扮”。
I don't want to go to their wedding because I hate dressing up. (我不想去参加他们的婚礼,因为我讨厌打扮。)
I'm dressing up for the party in Jinling Hotel. (我正在为在金陵饭店举行的派对精心打扮。)
dress; put on; wear; have on; be in
【词义辨析】
这些词和词组都和“穿”有关系,但用法有区别。
1 dress指“穿”,作及物动词时,宾语只能是人,不能是衣服。dress也可作不及物动词。
The mother dressed her baby in a hurry because time is up. (妈妈匆忙给她的孩子穿上衣服,因为时间要到了。)
She dressed simply. (她穿戴很朴素。)
2 put on指“穿衣,戴帽”等,指穿衣服的动作,后面可接衣、帽、鞋等作宾语。
My father put on his coat and left the room quickly. (我爸爸穿上风衣,立刻离开了 房间。)
It's cold outside; you'd better put on your hat. (外面很冷,你最好戴上帽子。)
Don't forget to put on your new socks. (别忘了穿上你的新袜子。)
3 wear可作及物动词,意思为“穿着……样的衣服(鞋子)”等,一般用来表示穿的状态,可用于进行时。
Tom wears a pair of Nike sports shoes today. (汤姆今天穿了一双耐克牌运动鞋。)
My English teacher always wears a pair of white glasses. (我的英语老师总是喜欢戴一副白色眼镜。)
4 have on指“穿戴着”,相当于be wearing,不可用进行时和被动语态形式。have on的宾语是代词时,只能放在on前; 是名词时,可以在on之前,也可以在on之后。
The old lady has a red hat on. (那个老太太戴着一顶红帽子。)
I don't think the tie he has on today is beautiful. (我认为,他今天戴的领带不好看。)
5 be in指“穿着”的状态,宾语既可以是衣服、帽子,也可以是表示颜色的形容词。
He is always dressed in green. (他总是穿绿色的衣服。)
The new couple are in white clothes on their wedding. (那对新人在婚礼上穿着白色礼服。)
【正误比较】
1 请穿上衣服。
【错误】 Wear your clothes, please.
【正确】 Put on your clothes, please.
2 她今天穿着裙子。
【错误】 She is putting on a skirt today.
【正确】 She is wearing a skirt today.
drive; ride
【词义辨析】
两者都跟“乘坐,驾驶”有关,但用法却不一样。
1 drive的意思是“驾驶,操纵”,带有主动性,一般指驾驶交通工具去目的地。
My husband is driving his new car on the way back. (我丈夫正开着他的新车行驶在回家的路上。)
Can you drive a car? (你会开车吗?)
2 ride的意思为“乘坐”,一般指被运载着去目的地,不亲自驾驶交通工具,常与on连用; 但有时也表示主动驾驶,主要用于“骑马”或“骑自行车”。
It will take two dollars to ride on a bus. (乘公共汽车去要花两块钱。)
The train rides smoothly. (火车乘起来很平稳。)
It's my father's hobby to ride a horse on Sunday. (在周日去骑马是我爸爸的爱好。)
drop; fall
【词义辨析】
作动词用时,drop和fall都可以指人或物从高处落到低处。
1 drop 表示“降落,落下”,既可以用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词; 所表达的意思既可以是有意识的,也可是无意识的。但有一点要注意的是:当drop用作及物动词时,主语一定是人,宾语是物; 而当drop用作不及物动词时,主语可以是人,也可以是物,如温度、价 格等。
The baby dropped the bottle of milk on the floor. (婴儿把奶瓶扔到地板上。)
She was tired and dropped herself into the chair. (她非常累,重重地往椅子上一坐。)
2 fall 表示“落下,跌落,降落”等时,通常指在重力的作用下落下,或者失去平衡而跌落。由此引申出垮台,失去地位等意思。
The leaves fall from trees. (叶子从树上落下。)
She fell off the bicycle. (她从自行车上摔下来。)
3 drop和fall可以互换使用的情况:作不及物动词,表示物体“落下,降落,降下”的意思时一般可以换用; 在表示气温或价格“下降”时,一般也可换用。
An apple dropped/ fell from the tree. (一个苹果从树上掉下来了。)
The glass dropped/ fell on the ground. (杯子掉在了地上。)
during; for; in
三者都可以表示一段时间,但用法有所不同。
【词义辨析】
1 during表示“在……期间”或“当……的时候”,一般用于所指的时间起止比较分明,也用于已知的一段时间之前,包括大家熟知的节日或者某种已确切限定的时期或阶段。
It rained all Monday but stopped raining during the night. (星期一整天都在下雨,但夜里雨停了。)
They got married during the Second World War. (他们在第二次世界大战期间结的婚。)
2 for常表示某一动作或状态将要或已经持续了一段时间,可以与多种时态连用。
We will stay there for two days. (我们将在那里逗留两天。)
He has been living here for three years. (他已经在这里住了三年了。)
3 in表示“在……时间内”或“在……时间后”,有时可以跟during互换。
I hear he'll be back in two months. (我听说他两个月后回来。)
In a few years' time, many buildings will be built on the land. (几年后,这片土地将要全部盖上房子。)
Can you finish writing a composition in half an hour? (你能在半小时内写完一篇作文吗?)
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