内容正文:
编写说明:2026版山西省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准(2020)》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分29个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是2026版山西省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第9个专题,内容为非谓语动词。
2026版山西省(职教高考)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题9 非谓语动词(讲+练)
(
【考点解读】
非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing/过去分词done),在句中作主语、宾语、定语等成分。核心考点:①不定式表目的或将来的动作;②动名词表习惯性动作(如enjoy swimming);③分词作定语或状语时,现在分词表主动/进行,过去分词表被动/完成。
)
【知识点清单一】不定式
【要点精讲】
一、不定式的构成与特征
1.基本结构:to + 动词原形(如to study),否定形式为not to do
例句:She decided not to attend the meeting.(她决定不参加会议)
2.逻辑主语:通过"for sb"引出(如for students to learn)
例句:It's important for children to sleep early.(孩子早睡很重要)
二、句法功能与例句
功能
用法说明
例句
主语
常用it作形式主语
To master English requires patience.(掌握英语需要耐心)
宾语
接在特定动词后(want, decide等)
He promised to help me.(他承诺帮助我)
表语
说明主语内容
Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为医生)
定语
后置修饰名词
I have emails to reply to.(我有待回复的邮件)
状语
表目的/结果
He ran to catch the bus.(他跑去赶公交)→目的
补语
补充说明宾语/主语
They asked him to leave.(他们要求他离开)→宾语补足语
三、特殊考点
1.省略to的情况:感官/使役动词后(see/hear/make sb do)
例句:I saw her cry.(我看见她哭了)
2.时态与语态:
完成式(to have done):动作先于谓语发生
例句:She seemed to have known the truth.(她似乎已知道真相)
被动式(to be done):表被动关系
例句:The book is said to be translated into 10 languages.(这本书据说被译成10种语言)
3.固定结构:
1.疑问词+不定式(how/what to do)
例句:I don't know where to go.(我不知道该去哪儿)
2.too...to结构(太...而不能)
例句:He is too young to drive.(他太小不能开车)
【即时训练】
1.I want ________ a doctor when I grow up.
A. be B. to be C. being D. to being
2. The boss made me ________ ten hours a day yesterday.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
3. It is important ________ children ________ sleep early.
A. of; to B. for; to C. to; to D. for; of
4. The elderly are usually the first ________ the food at festivals.
A. taste B. tasting C. to taste D. tasted
5. She didn’t know ________ with the extra money.
A. what to do B. how to do C. to do what D. doing what
【知识点清单二】动名词
【要点精讲】
(一)动名词的基本特征
1.双重属性
动词性:可带宾语/状语(如 reading books carefully)
名词性:充当主语/宾语等成分(如 Swimming is healthy)
2.构成规则
动词原形
变化规则
动名词形式
play
直接+ing
playing
run
双写尾字母+ing
running
make
去e+ing
making
lie
变ie为y+ing
lying
二、句法功能与经典例句
功能
示例句
语法解析
主语
Learning English requires persistence.
谓语动词用单数(requires)
宾语
She avoids eating spicy food.
接在特定动词后(avoid)
表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
可转换为主语(Collecting stamps is his hobby)
定语
a sleeping bag(睡袋)
表示用途而非动作
介词宾语
He succeeded in passing the exam.
固定搭配(succeed in doing)
三、高频考点与易错点
1.必须接动名词的动词
口诀记忆:mind(介意)、miss(错过)、enjoy(享受)、practice(练习)、suggest(建议)
例句:Would you mind opening the window?
2.动名词复合结构
形式:物主代词/名词所有格 + 动名词(如 His being late annoyed everyone)
3.时态与语态
类型
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
4.与不定式的关键区别
对比维度
动名词(doing)
不定式(to do)
时间指向
已发生/经常性(I remember meeting her)
未发生/目的性(Remember to call her)
抽象性
泛指行为(Smoking is harmful)
具体行动(I want to smoke now)
四、特殊结构
1.固定搭配
be worth doing(值得做)
例句:The book is worth reading twice.
can't help doing(忍不住)
例句:She couldn't help laughing at the joke.
2.动名词主动表被动
The shoes need washing.(= need to be washed)
【即时训练】
1. She enjoys ________ to light music before sleeping.
A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listened
2. Would you mind ________ the window? It's too noisy outside.
A. close B. closing C. to close D. closed
3. This classic novel is worth ________ twice for deeper understanding.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. being read
4. The old house requires ________ carefully due to its weak structure.
A. inspect B. inspecting C. to inspect D. inspected
5. After finishing ________ the report, he submitted it immediately.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote
【知识点清单三】分词
【要点精讲】
一、分词的构成与核心特征
1. 基本形式对比
类型
构成规则
语法意义
现在分词
动词+ing(如running)
主动/进行(a smiling girl)
过去分词
规则动词+ed/不规则变化(如broken)
被动/完成(a broken window)
2. 时态与语态变化
现在分词 完成式:having done(主动) 被动式:being done(进行被动) 完成被动式:having been done - 过去分词仅有done形式,天然含被动/完成意义(不及物动词的过去分词仅表完成)
二、句法功能详解与例句
功能
现在分词例句
过去分词例句
定语
The barking dog scared me.(主动进行)
The stolen car was found.(被动完成)
状语
Seeing the teacher, he stood up.(时间)
Given more time, I'd succeed.(条件)
补语
I saw him crossing the street.(宾补)
She got her hair cut.(宾补被动)
表语
The movie is exciting.(主动特性)
We were exhausted.(被动状态)
三、高频考点与易混辨析
1. 现在分词vs动名词作定语
现在分词:强调动作(a sleeping baby = 正在睡觉的婴儿)
动名词:说明用途(a sleeping bag = 睡袋)
2. 分词独立主格结构
形式:名词/代词 + 分词(Weather permitting, we'll picnic.)
功能:作状语表伴随/原因(The work finished, he went home.)
3. 固定搭配中的分词
have sth done(请人做某事):I had my laptop repaired.
be busy doing(忙于做):She's busy preparing for exams.
四、分词的时态与语态应用
1.现在分词完成式(强调先于谓语的动作)
Having finished homework, he played games.(完成作业后)
2.过去分词的被动意义
Written in 1925, the book remains popular.(表被动+时间)
五、真题高频错误点
1.误用分词逻辑主语
错误:Walking in the park, the flowers looked beautiful.
正确:Walking in the park, I saw beautiful flowers.
2.混淆现在/过去分词作表语
现在分词主语常为物(The news is shocking.)
过去分词主语常为人(We are shocked by the news.)
【即时训练】
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1. The ______ boy in the corner is my cousin.
A. sleeping B. slept C. sleeps D. sleep
2. ______ by the thunderstorm, all flights were delayed.
A. Disturbing B. Disturbed C. To disturb D. Disturb
3. I heard someone ______ your name outside just now.
A. call B. calling C. called D. to call
4. The students looked ______ after the challenging exam.
A. exhausting B. exhausted C. exhaust D. to exhaust
5. The problem ______ now involves multiple departments.
A. discussed B. discussing C. being discussed D. to discuss
$$编写说明:2026版山西省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准(2020)》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分29个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是2026版山西省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第9个专题,内容为非谓语动词。
2026版山西省(职教高考)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题9 非谓语动词(讲+练)
(
【考点解读】
非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing/过去分词done),在句中作主语、宾语、定语等成分。核心考点:①不定式表目的或将来的动作;②动名词表习惯性动作(如enjoy swimming);③分词作定语或状语时,现在分词表主动/进行,过去分词表被动/完成。
)
【知识点清单一】不定式
【要点精讲】
一、不定式的构成与特征
1.基本结构:to + 动词原形(如to study),否定形式为not to do
例句:She decided not to attend the meeting.(她决定不参加会议)
2.逻辑主语:通过"for sb"引出(如for students to learn)
例句:It's important for children to sleep early.(孩子早睡很重要)
二、句法功能与例句
功能
用法说明
例句
主语
常用it作形式主语
To master English requires patience.(掌握英语需要耐心)
宾语
接在特定动词后(want, decide等)
He promised to help me.(他承诺帮助我)
表语
说明主语内容
Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为医生)
定语
后置修饰名词
I have emails to reply to.(我有待回复的邮件)
状语
表目的/结果
He ran to catch the bus.(他跑去赶公交)→目的
补语
补充说明宾语/主语
They asked him to leave.(他们要求他离开)→宾语补足语
三、特殊考点
1.省略to的情况:感官/使役动词后(see/hear/make sb do)
例句:I saw her cry.(我看见她哭了)
2.时态与语态:
完成式(to have done):动作先于谓语发生
例句:She seemed to have known the truth.(她似乎已知道真相)
被动式(to be done):表被动关系
例句:The book is said to be translated into 10 languages.(这本书据说被译成10种语言)
3.固定结构:
1.疑问词+不定式(how/what to do)
例句:I don't know where to go.(我不知道该去哪儿)
2.too...to结构(太...而不能)
例句:He is too young to drive.(他太小不能开车)
【即时训练】
1.I want ________ a doctor when I grow up.
A. be B. to be C. being D. to being
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配 "want to do sth." 表示“想要做某事”,此处需用不定式 "to be" 作宾语,强调未发生的动作。
2. The boss made me ________ ten hours a day yesterday.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
【答案】A
【解析】使役动词 "make" 后接省略 "to" 的不定式作宾补,即 "make sb do sth",表达“迫使某人做某事”。
3. It is important ________ children ________ sleep early.
A. of; to B. for; to C. to; to D. for; of
【答案】B
【解析】结构 "It is + adj. + for sb + to do sth" 中,介词 "for" 表示“对某人而言”,后接不定式作真正主语;此处描述“孩子早睡很重要”,强调事情本身而非个人品质。
4. The elderly are usually the first ________ the food at festivals.
A. taste B. tasting C. to taste D. tasted
【答案】C
【解析】序数词(如 "the first")后需用不定式 "to do" 作后置定语,表示“第一个做某事的人”。
5. She didn’t know ________ with the extra money.
A. what to do B. how to do C. to do what D. doing what
【答案】A
【解析】疑问词(what/how/where等)+ 不定式结构作宾语,此处 "what to do" 意为“该做什么”,需用 "what" 而非 "how"(后者需接宾语,如 "how to do it")。
【知识点清单二】动名词
【要点精讲】
(一)动名词的基本特征
1.双重属性
动词性:可带宾语/状语(如 reading books carefully)
名词性:充当主语/宾语等成分(如 Swimming is healthy)
2.构成规则
动词原形
变化规则
动名词形式
play
直接+ing
playing
run
双写尾字母+ing
running
make
去e+ing
making
lie
变ie为y+ing
lying
二、句法功能与经典例句
功能
示例句
语法解析
主语
Learning English requires persistence.
谓语动词用单数(requires)
宾语
She avoids eating spicy food.
接在特定动词后(avoid)
表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
可转换为主语(Collecting stamps is his hobby)
定语
a sleeping bag(睡袋)
表示用途而非动作
介词宾语
He succeeded in passing the exam.
固定搭配(succeed in doing)
三、高频考点与易错点
1.必须接动名词的动词
口诀记忆:mind(介意)、miss(错过)、enjoy(享受)、practice(练习)、suggest(建议)
例句:Would you mind opening the window?
2.动名词复合结构
形式:物主代词/名词所有格 + 动名词(如 His being late annoyed everyone)
3.时态与语态
类型
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
4.与不定式的关键区别
对比维度
动名词(doing)
不定式(to do)
时间指向
已发生/经常性(I remember meeting her)
未发生/目的性(Remember to call her)
抽象性
泛指行为(Smoking is harmful)
具体行动(I want to smoke now)
四、特殊结构
1.固定搭配
be worth doing(值得做)
例句:The book is worth reading twice.
can't help doing(忍不住)
例句:She couldn't help laughing at the joke.
2.动名词主动表被动
The shoes need washing.(= need to be washed)
【即时训练】
1. She enjoys ________ to light music before sleeping.
A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listened
【答案】B
【解析】动词"enjoy"后必须接动名词作宾语,表示“喜欢做某事”,因此选B项"listening"。A项动词原形、C项不定式、D项过去分词均不符合语法规则。
2. Would you mind ________ the window? It's too noisy outside.
A. close B. closing C. to close D. closed
【答案】B
【解析】"mind"(介意)后固定接动名词作宾语,构成"mind doing"结构,故B项"closing"正确。A/C/D项形式无法与"mind"搭配。
3. This classic novel is worth ________ twice for deeper understanding.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. being read
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配"be worth doing"(值得做)中,动名词"doing"主动形式表被动含义,因此选B项"reading"。D项被动形式不符合该结构习惯用法。
4. The old house requires ________ carefully due to its weak structure.
A. inspect B. inspecting C. to inspect D. inspected
【答案】B
【解析】动词"require"在表示“需要”时,主语为物则用"require doing"(主动表被动),相当于"require to be done",故选B项"inspecting"。C项不定式常用于主语为人时(如"I require to inspect")。
5. After finishing ________ the report, he submitted it immediately.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote
【答案】B
【解析】"finish"(完成)后必须接动名词作宾语,构成"finish doing"结构,因此B项"writing"正确。A项动词原形、C项不定式、D项过去式均不能直接接在"finish"后。
【知识点清单三】分词
【要点精讲】
一、分词的构成与核心特征
1. 基本形式对比
类型
构成规则
语法意义
现在分词
动词+ing(如running)
主动/进行(a smiling girl)
过去分词
规则动词+ed/不规则变化(如broken)
被动/完成(a broken window)
2. 时态与语态变化
现在分词 完成式:having done(主动) 被动式:being done(进行被动) 完成被动式:having been done - 过去分词仅有done形式,天然含被动/完成意义(不及物动词的过去分词仅表完成)
二、句法功能详解与例句
功能
现在分词例句
过去分词例句
定语
The barking dog scared me.(主动进行)
The stolen car was found.(被动完成)
状语
Seeing the teacher, he stood up.(时间)
Given more time, I'd succeed.(条件)
补语
I saw him crossing the street.(宾补)
She got her hair cut.(宾补被动)
表语
The movie is exciting.(主动特性)
We were exhausted.(被动状态)
三、高频考点与易混辨析
1. 现在分词vs动名词作定语
现在分词:强调动作(a sleeping baby = 正在睡觉的婴儿)
动名词:说明用途(a sleeping bag = 睡袋)
2. 分词独立主格结构
形式:名词/代词 + 分词(Weather permitting, we'll picnic.)
功能:作状语表伴随/原因(The work finished, he went home.)
3. 固定搭配中的分词
have sth done(请人做某事):I had my laptop repaired.
be busy doing(忙于做):She's busy preparing for exams.
四、分词的时态与语态应用
1.现在分词完成式(强调先于谓语的动作)
Having finished homework, he played games.(完成作业后)
2.过去分词的被动意义
Written in 1925, the book remains popular.(表被动+时间)
五、真题高频错误点
1.误用分词逻辑主语
错误:Walking in the park, the flowers looked beautiful.
正确:Walking in the park, I saw beautiful flowers.
2.混淆现在/过去分词作表语
现在分词主语常为物(The news is shocking.)
过去分词主语常为人(We are shocked by the news.)
【即时训练】
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. The ______ boy in the corner is my cousin.
A. sleeping B. slept C. sleeps D. sleep
【答案】A
【解析】单个分词作定语需前置,此处现在分词"sleeping"表主动进行的动作(正在睡觉的男孩)。B项过去分词表被动不合逻辑,C/D项为谓语动词形式不可作定语。
2. ______ by the thunderstorm, all flights were delayed.
A. Disturbing B. Disturbed C. To disturb D. Disturb
【答案】A
【解析】现在分词短语作原因状语,主语"all flights"与"disturb"为主动关系(雷暴天气扰乱航班)。B项过去分词表被动但航班是被扰乱对象,逻辑错误。
3. I heard someone ______ your name outside just now.
A. call B. calling C. called D. to call
【答案】B
【解析】感官动词"heard"后接现在分词"calling"作宾补,强调动作正在进行(听见有人正在叫名字)。A项不带to不定式表动作完成,C项过去分词表被动不符合语境。
4. The students looked ______ after the challenging exam.
A. exhausting B. exhausted C. exhaust D. to exhaust
【答案】B
【解析】过去分词"exhausted"作表语描述主语状态(学生感到疲惫)。A项现在分词"exhausting"通常修饰物(如an exhausting exam)。
5. The problem ______ now involves multiple departments.
A. discussed B. discussing C. being discussed D. to discuss
【答案】C
【解析】过去分词短语"being discussed"作后置定语,被动进行时强调"正在被讨论的问题"。A项表已完成,B项主动形式与"problem"被动关系矛盾。
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