Unit 6 Great minds 重点知识清单2025-2026学年沪外教版八年级英语上册

Unit 6 Great minds 重点知识清单 重点单词 （1）philosopher n. 哲学家 ，例：Confucius is a great ancient Chinese philosopher. （2）educator n. 教育家 ，例：Many great educators have influenced education systems. （3）playwright n. 剧作家 ，例：William Shakespeare is a world - famous playwright. （4）inventor n. 发明家 ，例：Thomas Edison is one of the greatest inventors in history. （5）scientist n. 科学家 ，例：Tu Youyou is a distinguished Chinese scientist. （6）leader n. 领导者 ，例：Nelson Mandela was a great leader who fought for equality. （7）liberation n. 解放 ，例：His efforts contributed to the liberation of the people. （8）contribution n. 贡献 ，例：Her contributions to medicine are widely recognized. （9）wisdom n. 智慧 ，例：The book is full of wisdom from ancient thinkers. （10）invention n. 发明 ，例：The light bulb is one of the most important inventions. （11）discovery n. 发现 ，例：The discovery of penicillin saved millions of lives. （12）equality n. 平等 ，例：People have been fighting for equality for centuries. （13）justice n. 正义 ，例：He devoted his life to seeking justice for the poor. （14）determination n. 决心 ，例：With great determination, she achieved her goals. （15）courage n. 勇气 ，例：It takes courage to stand up for what is right. （16）honor v. & n. 尊敬；荣誉 ，例：We honor those who have made great contributions; It's an honor to meet you. （17）devote v. 致力于 ，例：She decided to devote her life to scientific research. （18）create v. 创造 ，例：Artists create beautiful works to express their ideas. （19）influence v. & n. 影响 ，例：His ideas influenced many people; He has a great influence on society. （20）achieve v. 实现；取得 ，例：She worked hard to achieve her dreams. 词形变化 （1）philosophy n. 哲学 → philosopher n. 哲学家 ，例：He studies philosophy; Confucius is a famous philosopher. （2）educate v. 教育 → educator n. 教育家 ，例：Schools educate students; He is a great educator. （3）play n. 戏剧 v. 玩 → playwright n. 剧作家 ，例：We watched a play; Shakespeare is a great playwright. （4）invent v. 发明 → inventor n. 发明家；invention n. 发明 ，例：He invented the telephone; Edison is a great inventor; The invention changed the world. （5）science n. 科学 → scientist n. 科学家 ，例：We study science; She is a brilliant scientist. （6）lead v. 领导 → leader n. 领导者 ，例：He leads the team; She is a strong leader. （7）liberate v. 解放 → liberation n. 解放 ，例：They liberated the city; The liberation brought freedom. （8）contribute v. 贡献 → contribution n. 贡献 ，例：He contributes to the project; Her contribution is valuable. （9）wise adj. 明智的 → wisdom n. 智慧 ，例：He is a wise man; We can learn wisdom from books. （10）discover v. 发现 → discovery n. 发现 ，例：She discovered a new species; The discovery was amazing. （11）equal adj. 平等的 → equality n. 平等 ，例：All people are equal; We fight for equality. （12）just adj. 公正的 → justice n. 正义 ，例：He is a just judge; We believe in justice. （13）determine v. 决定；确定 → determination n. 决心 ，例：She determined to succeed; She has great determination. （14）courageous adj. 勇敢的 → courage n. 勇气 ，例：He is a courageous man; He has the courage to try. （15）honorable adj. 光荣的 → honor v. & n. 尊敬；荣誉 ，例：It's an honorable job; We honor our heroes. （16）devotion n. 奉献 → devote v. 致力于 ，例：His devotion to work is impressive; He devotes himself to charity. （17）creation n. 创造 → create v. 创造 ，例：The creation of art is meaningful; Artists create masterpieces. （18）influential adj. 有影响力的 → influence v. & n. 影响 ，例：He is an influential person; His words influence others. （19）achievement n. 成就 → achieve v. 实现；取得 ，例：His achievements are remarkable; She achieved her goals. 重点短语 （1）wise sayings 至理名言 ，例：Confucius' wise sayings are still relevant today. （2）fight for 为…… 而斗争 ，例：They fought for freedom and equality. （3）Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 ，例：Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize. （4）make contributions 做出贡献 ，例：Scientists make contributions to human progress. （5）devote... to 致力于…… ，例：He devoted his life to helping the poor. （6）change the way people live 改变人们的生活方式 ，例：The invention changed the way people live. （7）go through 经历；通过 ，例：She went through many difficulties to succeed. （8）make a difference 有影响；起作用 ，例：Small actions can make a difference. （9）lead to 导致；通向 ，例：Hard work leads to success. （10）learn from 向…… 学习 ，例：We should learn from great minds. （11）stand up for 支持；维护 ，例：He stood up for the rights of the weak. （12）be known as 作为…… 而闻名 ，例：Einstein is known as a great scientist. （13）be famous for 因…… 而著名 ，例：Shakespeare is famous for his plays. （14）play a role in 在…… 中起作用 ，例：Technology plays a role in modern life. （15）in honor of 为了纪念 ，例：A statue was built in honor of the hero. 重点句型 （1）Confucius was an ancient Chinese educator and philosopher whose wise sayings influence generations. 孔子是中国古代的教育家和哲学家，他的至理名言影响了一代又一代人。（介绍伟大人物及其影响） （2）Nelson Mandela fought for black people’s liberation and won the Nobel Peace Prize. 纳尔逊・曼德拉为黑人的解放而斗争，并获得了诺贝尔和平奖。（讲述伟大人物的事迹和成就） （3）William Shakespeare, a great English playwright, created many famous plays like Romeo and Juliet. 威廉・莎士比亚是一位伟大的英国剧作家，创作了许多著名的戏剧，如《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。（介绍人物身份及作品） （4）Thomas Edison, a well - known American inventor, had lots of inventions that changed people’s lives. 托马斯・爱迪生是著名的美国发明家，他有许多改变人们生活的发明。（说明发明家及其发明的影响） （5）Tu Youyou’s discovery of artemisinin is a great contribution to medicine. 屠呦呦发现青蒿素对医学是一项巨大的贡献。（阐述科学发现的意义） （6）Great minds often have strong beliefs that drive them to achieve great things. 伟大的思想家往往有坚定的信念，驱使他们成就伟大的事业。（描述伟大人物的特质） （7）It takes courage to stand up for what is right. 为正确的事情挺身而出需要勇气。（表达做某事需要某种品质） （8）We should learn from great minds and strive for excellence. 我们应该向伟大的思想家学习，追求卓越。（提出向伟大人物学习的倡议） 语法知识 —— 强调句 （一）概念与结构 强调句是用来强调句子中某一成分（主语、宾语、状语等）的句子，其基本结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分。当被强调部分是人时，可用 who 代替 that；当被强调部分是物或状语时，用 that。 （二）用法示例 （1）强调主语 ： 原句：Confucius spread wisdom through his teachings. 强调句：It was Confucius who/that spread wisdom through his teachings. （是孔子通过他的教导传播智慧。） （2）强调宾语 ： 原句：People remember Nelson Mandela for his fight for equality. 强调句：It is his fight for equality that people remember Nelson Mandela for. （人们记住纳尔逊・曼德拉是因为他为平等所做的斗争。） （3）强调状语（时间、地点、方式等） ： 原句：Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin after many experiments. 强调句：It was after many experiments that Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin. （正是经过许多实验，屠呦呦才发现了青蒿素。） 原句：Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. 强调句：It was in 1879 that Edison invented the light bulb. （爱迪生是在 1879 年发明了电灯泡。） （三）注意事项 （1）强调句去掉 It is/was 和 that/who 后，句子结构仍然完整，这是区分强调句和其他句型的重要标志。 （2）当强调句的谓语动词是一般过去时，用 It was；是一般现在时或一般将来时等，用 It is。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$