选修2 Unit 5 A delicate world-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版）

选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 A delicate world 主题语境　自然灾害与防范 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 背诵默写本 ◆重点单词 四级词汇 rare adj.稀有的,罕见的(反common);(肉)半熟的,半生的(adv.rarely) 三级词汇 apparently adv.[句子副词]看来,似乎;据说(adj.apparent) comparison n.[U]比较;[C]对比(v.compare) 　make a comparison (with...)(和……)进行比较 　by/in comparison with与……相比 conservation n.[U]保护,节约;(艺术品、历史遗迹等的)保存,保全 decrease vt.& vi.(使)减少,(使)变小(反increase) n.[C]&[U]减少;减少量(reduction) 　decrease from...to...从……减少到…… 　decrease by...下降了…… elsewhere adv.在别处;到别处 *endangered adj.濒临灭绝的(v.endanger) 　an endangered species濒危物种 explode vi.突然增加;突然爆发 vt.& vi.(使)爆炸(blow up) 　explode with anger勃然大怒 *fossil n.[C]化石;[非正式用语]老顽固 　fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤、石油等) greeting n.[C]&[U]问候,招呼;致意;迎接;[复数]祝词,贺词;问候语(v.greet) habitat n.[C]&[U]栖息地;(动植物的)生活环境 *halfway adj.中间的,半途的 adv.在中途,不彻底地 owe vt.应该做;对……负有……的义务,应给予;欠(债);归功于 　owe it to sb. to do sth.有必要为某人做某事 *penguin n.[C]企鹅 trap n.[C]陷阱,夹子,罗网; (陷害人的)圈套,诡计;牢笼,困境 vt.设陷阱捕捉,夹住,卡住;把……困住,使陷入困境;留存,储存(气体、水等) vast adj.巨大的(huge);广大的;辽阔的 virus n.[C]病毒 biological adj.生物的,与生物有关的(n.biology) 二级词汇 collapse vi.倒坍;塌下;崩溃;瓦解;(因病等)昏倒,晕倒 dramatically adv.显著地;戏剧性地(drama,dramatic) *heritage n.[常用单数]遗产;传统 incident n.[C]事件;冲突 intervention n.[C]&[U]干预,介入,干涉 *mysterious adj.神秘的;不可思议的 secure adj.安全的(safe),稳妥的,可靠的;稳固的,坚固的,牢固的;安心的,有把握的 vt.使安全;获得;使……固定 session n.[C]一段时间;学年;会议,一届会议,(法院的)开庭 *status n.[C]&[U]地位;身份;[U]状况 visual adj.视觉的;视力的 一级词汇 *altitude n.[C]海拔(高度);高处 appetite n.[C]&[U]胃口,食欲;[C]欲望,爱好 　have an appetite for喜欢…… chaos n.[U]大混乱,一团糟;紊乱 　in chaos一片混乱 criterion n.[C][常用复数](pl.criteria)标准,准则;尺度 departure n.[C]&[U]离开;启程,出发;[C]背离(反arrival) *dissolve vt.& vi.(使)溶解;消除;解散 ecology n.[U]生态;生态学 *erosion n.[U]侵蚀 *invasion n.[C]&[U]侵犯,入侵,侵略;涌入 *herbal adj.用香(药)草制成的 multiply vi.& vt.(使)大大增加,(使)倍增;(使)繁殖;乘,(使)相乘 *postscript n.[C]附言 *rat n.[C]大老鼠 substantial adj.大量的,多的 variation n.[C]&[U]差异;变化 *coexist vi.共存,共处 *immunity n.[U]免疫力 *inhabitant n.[C]栖居的动物;居民 *nutrient n.[C]养分,营养物 *prosper vi.兴旺,发达 subsequently adv.后来,随后 *thrive vi.茁壮成长 *vegetation n.[U]植物,草木(总称) ◆重点短语 1.fail to do 未做成……;不能做…… 2.in harmony with 与……和谐相处 3.develop an appetite for 对……有兴趣;对……有胃口 4.be introduced to 被引进;介绍给 5.out of control 失去控制 6.remove...from... 从……移开/去掉…… 7.decrease from...to...从……减少到…… 8.in consequence 结果;因此 9.turn out结果是;生产,制造 10.a substantial number of 大量 11.once and for all彻底地 12.every last 每一个;全部 13.owe it to...to do 做……是……的义务;为……做……是理所当然的事 14.on behalf of 代表 15.coexist with与……共存 ◆句式表达 1.句式：续写佳句之景色描写(现在分词短语作状语) The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty.景色中绿意盎然的草地和光秃秃的岩石对比鲜明,给这座岛带来一种野性和自然之美。 2.句式：否定词置于句首引起部分倒装 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants,including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.他们也不难想象出,包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与它们的自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。 3.句式：feel＋it＋adj.＋to do Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. 专家们认为,有必要想出一个计划,将所有的兔子从岛上清除出去。 4.句式：it turns/turned out that... It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.结果这些兔子对病毒产生了免疫力,它们的数量再次激增。 5.句式：make＋it＋形容词＋that... This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.这一事件清楚地表明,老鼠和兔子的问题需要得到彻底解决。 板块二　默写练习 第一组　核心单词 1.a natural ________ 天然栖息地 2.have a strong ________ for success 有强烈的成功欲望 3._________ in number 数目减少 4.in ______ after the party 聚会后一片狼藉 habitat appetite decrease chaos　 5.lay a _____ for mice 设夹子捉老鼠 6._____ an apology to him 应该向他道歉 7.the ______ arts 视觉艺术 8.a _____ area of forest 广阔的森林 9.seasonal _________ 季节性变化 trap owe visual vast variation 第二组　拓展词汇 1.dramatic adj.突然的,巨大的→____________ adv.显著地 2.subsequent adj.随后的→ ____________ adv.后来,随后 3.compare v.比较→___________ n.比较 4.apparent adj.明显的;显而易见的→__________ adv.据说;看来,似乎 5.secure adj.稳固的;安全的;可靠的→________ n.安全;保证;担保 6.biology n.生物学,生理→ __________ adj.生物的,与生物有关的→_________ n.生物学家 7.greet v.问候,招呼→_________ n.问候,招呼 dramatically subsequently comparison apparently security biological biologist greeting ■利用语境串记单词 8.A bomb _________ and the tower collapsed. The _________ was heard a mile away.(explode) 9.I really felt my life was in _______ when he drove the car. So I told him driving fast was __________ and if he didn't slow down,he would _________ our lives.(danger) 10.He had planned to _______ on Friday,but the bad weather delayed his __________.(depart) exploded explosion danger dangerous endanger depart departure 第三组　重点短语 1._________ 未做成……;不能做…… 2._______________ 被引进;介绍给 3._____________ 失去控制 4.________________ 从……移开/去掉…… 5.__________________ 从……减少到…… fail to do be introduced to out of control remove...from... decrease from...to... 6.________ 结果是;生产,制造 7.______________________ 大量 8.__________ 每一个;全部 9._______________ 做……是……的义务;为……做……是理所当然的事 10.____________ 与……共存 turn out a substantial number of every last owe it to...to do coexist with ■根据语境完成句子 11.With the help of the professor,the local villagers _______________ ______________________ (彻底地解决他们的问题). 12.Influenced by Chinese culture, Brown has ___________________ ________________ (对中国食物产生了兴趣). 13.He was very careless in the exam and ______________ (结果) he failed the final examination last time. solved their problems once and for all developed an appetite for Chinese food in consequence 14._____________________ (代表我的家人), I would like to extend our warmest welcome to you. 15.For decades, we have dedicated ourselves to building a better society _____________________ (与自然和谐相处). On behalf of my family in harmony with nature 第四组　句式仿写 1.我永远不会忘记金姆给我的纯真感受,这种终生的友谊将继续影响我的一生。(主旨升华) Never ___________________________that Kim had given to me and this lifelong friendship would continue to affect my whole life.(否定副词置于句首引起部分倒装) would I forget the pure feelings 2.在我看来,在老师的帮助下我们把定期组织一些课外活动设为一项规定会更好。(建议信) In my opinion, it is better to _________________________________ _________________________with the help of our teachers.(形式宾语) 3.事实证明,帮助别人实现梦想让我更快乐。(主旨升华) ______________ helping others realize their dreams gives me more pleasure.(turn out) make it a rule that we organize some after-­class activities regularly It turns out that 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 巩固提升 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.decrease v.(使)变小,(使)减少 n.减少;降低 (1)decrease in 在……方面减少 decrease by 减少了…… decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到…… (2)on the decrease 在减少 a decrease in... 在……方面减少 ①(人教选必三U3)These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease ____ the number of fish species. ②Thanks to the government's intervention,the number of the patients has decreased ____ three hundred since last month. ③据报道,由于智能手机的问世,看杂志的人数在减少。(报道) It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones, _____________________________________________________________________. in to the number of people who read magazines is on the decrease/is decreasing 2.owe v.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(账、钱、人情等); 归功于;应感谢 (1)owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物 (2)owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb.that... 多亏某人…… owe it to...to do 做……是……的义务;为……做……是理所当然的事 (3)owing to 因为;由于 ①It was owing ____ his hard work and perseverance that he was admitted to a key university in the end. ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)At first, he refused to charge me the fare. But I insisted I __________________ (欠他这笔钱). ③(人教选必二U4)You owe ____ to yourselves to stay longer. Overall, Montreal is a city with wonderful sights and sounds. ④直到我的朋友告诉我真相后,我才知道我误解了你,所以我认为我欠你一个真诚的道歉。(道歉信) Only after my friend told me the truth did I know I had misunderstood you, so I think I ___________________________________________ ________. to owe him the money it　 owe you a sincere apology/owe a sincere apology to you 3.comparison n.比较→_________ v.& n.比较 (1)by/in comparison with 与……相比较 by comparison (尤用于句首)相比而言,较之 (2)compare... with/to... 把……和……相比较 compare... to... 把……比作…… compared to/with... 与……相比(通常作状语) beyond/without compare 无与伦比,举世无双 compare ①(译林必修一U4)Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies, and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself ________ them. ②When ___________ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. ③A teacher is often compared ___ a candle. That's because their devotion to work is _______________ compare. to/with comparing to beyond/without ④与公共汽车和飞机相比,人们更喜欢中国的高铁,因为它高速、舒适和安全。 →______________________________ , people prefer CRH because of its high speed, comfort and safety.(compare) →____________________________________ , people prefer CRH because of its high speed, comfort and safety.(comparison) Compared to/with buses and planes By/In comparison with buses and planes 4.on behalf of (＝on sb.'s behalf)代表 其他表示“代表”的词汇： represent 代表;象征 stand for 代表;支持;主张 ①众所周知,在中国传统文化中,红色代表幸福和吉祥。(传统文化) As is known to us all, ______________________________________ in traditional Chinese culture. ②我很高兴代表我们学校邀请你观看主题为“自然爱好者”的表演。(邀请信) →______________________ , I'm delighted to invite you to watch the performance themed “Nature Lovers”. →_______________________ , I'm delighted to invite you to watch the performance themed “Nature Lovers”. red stands for/represents happiness and luck On behalf of our school Representing our school 5.否定副词位于句首引起的倒装 [教材原句]　Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.他们也不难想象出,包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与它们的自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。 否定副词/介词短语置于句首,要用部分倒装语序,即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语之前。这类否定词或含有否定意义的短语主要有nor,not,never,little (少),hardly, seldom,scarcely,barely,not until,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,no sooner...than...,hardly...when...,in no sense,in no way,in no case,by no means,on no account,at no time,under no circumstances等。 ①(译林选必四U4)我深吸了一口气,继续走进校园的中心地带。我一点也不知道自己即将经历人生中最美好的四年。(心理描写) I took a deep breath and carried on into the heart of the campus. Little __________________________________________________________. ②I wasn't aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened until I experienced the accident.(主旨升华) →_______________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句) did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1.(2024·全国甲卷) My childhood is quite happy _________ (compare) with hers. 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the __________ (depart) of the last bus to Prague. 3.(2023·浙江1月卷)I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had __________ (apparent) not been used in many years. compared departure apparently 4.(人教选必三U3)The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water ____________ (conserve). 5.(译林选必二U1)The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors ________ (trap). 6.People ______ (rare) post negative stories or bad pictures on social media, so it can be misleading. 7.People around the world are becoming more and more concerned about the population _________ (explode). conservation trapped rarely explosion 8.The ordinary people all look at the intelligent man with admiration because under no circumstances will he fail ________ (cope) with emergencies. 9.(北师大选必四U12)In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. ____________ (subsequent), “E＝mc2” was born. 10.(译林选必四U2)There are countries that make _____________ (intervene)to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity. to cope Subsequently interventions Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1.我必须明确表示,无论旅途多么艰难,我都决心实现我的梦想。(make＋ it＋ clear that...) I must _______________________________________________ , no matter how difficult the journey may become.(主旨升华) 2.他自信地预测今年的销量会大幅增长,结果证明他是对的。(turn out) He confidently forecast a big increase in sales this year, and __________ ___________________. make it clear that I am determined to achieve my dreams it turned out that he was right 3.我的英语说得不正确。我很少有勇气用英语和别人交流。所以你能帮我提高我糟糕的英语水平吗？(求助信) My English is not spoken correctly. _____________________________ _______________________________________. So could you please help me improve my poor English? Rarely/Seldom do I have the courage to communicate with others in English 4.从高中开始,他就对新闻业产生了浓厚的兴趣,现在他已经成了一名非常出色的记者。 Ever since high school he _________________________journalism and now he has already become a very good journalist. 5.如果我们尊重和保护野生动物的栖息地,野生动物和人类是可以共存的。 Wildlife and humans can ____________________if we respect and protect their habitats. (倡议书) has developed an appetite for coexist with each other Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5,500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered”status. __ A.状况　　　　B.地位　　　　C.重视程度 2.Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. __ A.突然增加 B.爆炸 C.迸发 3.One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. __ A.倒塌 B.晕倒 C.崩溃 A B B A.n.陷阱　 B.vt.使困住　C.n.圈套;诡计　D.vt.诱骗 4. trap (1)Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse, requiring an immediate rescue operation. __ (2)Were you just going to trap her into making the decision without giving her all the necessary information? __ B D A.n.陷阱　 B.vt.使困住　C.n.圈套;诡计　D.vt.诱骗 (3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. __ (4)The police set a trap to catch the burglar who had been stealing from houses in the neighborhood. __ A C 4. trap 培优2　单元话题写作——环境保护 根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear classmates, I feel greatly privileged to voice my opinions about protecting the environment on behalf of my group. 1._______________________ (与过去相比),there are still many problems of environmental protection at present. Because of (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：2._________)human activities,the pollution of air, water and soil is so serious that it has a bad effect on the global cosystem. In comparison with the past Owing to For instance,the number of animals,forests and sea resources 3.__________________________ (正在减少) and it's high time to save them from disappearing. Although they are faced with serious challenges (用状语从句的省略升级本句：4.____________________ _________________),governments of many countries have taken numerous effective measures to protect the delicate environment. As far as I am concerned,we can not have a better environment until every country and every individual makes joint efforts (用倒装句升级本句：5._____________________________________________________ _____________________________). Thanks for your listening. is decreasing/is on the decrease Although faced with serious challenges not until every country and every individual makes joint efforts can we have a better environment 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [环境描写]　habitat, multiply, conservation, decrease, ecology, endangered [动作描写]　owe, trap, departure→depart [场景描写]　chaos, secure, fail to do, turn out, subsequently 美句 Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty.(环境描写) Step 2　语料运用 【遭遇熊】 周末,杰克离开城市,绕乡间小路骑行。绿草、光秃秃的岩石和新鲜的空气使他放松下来。不幸的是,他遇到了一头熊,并且未能逃脱。 On the weekend,Jack 1. ____________________ and cycled along the small paths of the village. The green grass,the bare rock,and the fresh air made him relaxed. Unluckily,he encountered a bear, and 2. _______________. departed from the city failed to escape 他被推倒在地,左腿被咬了一口。随后,杰克失去了知觉。几个小时后,杰克苏醒了,醒来时被一些伐木工人和一名医生围着,原来是他们救了他。感激的泪水顺着他的脸颊流了下来。 He was pushed to the ground and bitten in the left leg. 3._____________,Jack lost his consciousness. Hours later,Jack came to life,surrounded by some loggers and a doctor. 4. _________________________ _________ (形式主语). Tears of gratitude rolled down his cheeks. Subsequently It turned out that he was saved by them 语料积累 【动作细节描写：看(一)】 单词 look, see, witness, spot, read, study, eye, watch, view, stare, glare, peer, gaze 词块 come into view/sight 进入视野; lock one's eyes on 盯着; fix/focus one's eyes on 注视; glance at/around/back/up/down 瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看; take/cast a glance at... 向……看一眼; catch a glimpse of 瞥见; gape at 目瞪口呆地凝视; eyes widen 瞪大眼睛; peep at偷看; steal a glance at 偷偷瞥一眼 句型 It was too dark to read our map and we took a wrong turning. 太黑看不清地图,所以我们转错了弯。 When I approached the old house, a big leafy tree came into view in the distance. 当我走近那幢老房子时,远处有一棵枝繁叶茂的大树映入眼帘。 He couldn't help eyeing the cakes hungrily. 他饥不可耐地盯着蛋糕。 When James came out and spotted the box, his eyes widened in surprise. 当詹姆斯出来看到盒子时,他惊讶地瞪大了眼睛。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A (2024·江苏南京、盐城二模)Across the world,humans purchase around 1.3 billion single-use plastic water bottles a day.Because only about 9% of plastic is recycled,the vast majority of those bottles wind up in landfills,the ocean,or elsewhere in nature. When beach-loving Madison noticed those plastic bottles during her family's trips to California,the then 12-year-old girl “just felt like this needed to be changed”,she told Smithsonian Magazine. So as she began thinking about what to do for her school science fair back in 2021,the idea of a project centered on reducing plastic pollution quickly came to her mind：She would design an eatable water bottle called the Eco-Hero. “One of my biggest ambitions for my project was wanting to help the world,” the confident young inventor said in a video on the website. To bring her idea to life,Madison built upon the already established method by experimenting with common food materials.She also took inspiration from previous versions of eatable water bottles,though she focused on making hers bigger and more durable.She found that the combination of water,lemon juice,natural gum,and alginic acid (褐藻酸) resulted in a gel pouch that wouldn't break,could hold up to 3/4 cup of water,and would last in the fridge for three weeks. Though she'd like to improve the Eco-Hero by making it able to hold more water,she believes her current version would work well as a replacement for the paper cups used by runners in races.All one needs to do is bite a hole in the water ball,drink the water,and then eat the pouch or throw it away to biodegrade.Madison hopes the Eco-Hero inspires others to take better care of the planet.“It doesn't necessarily have to be in a big way,” she told Smithsonian Magazine.“People can still make a difference in the world,even if it's just in a small way.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。在发现很多塑料瓶未被循环利用时,当时12岁的Madison设计了由水、柠檬汁、天然树胶和褐藻酸制成的可食用凝胶袋以减少塑料污染的问题。她希望用自己的行动激励人们更好地照顾地球,为世界作出贡献。 1 2 3 4 1.What inspired Madison's design of an eatable water bottle？(　　) A.Her school's task. B.Her family's urge. C.Her love for nature. D.Her trips to the beach. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段的描述可知,是Madison去海滩的旅行激发了她的可食用水瓶的设计。故选D。 1 2 3 4 2.What can we know about the Eco-Hero？(　　) A.It is a copy of the previous versions. B.It is made from unbreakable materials. C.It is an improvement in size and durability. D.It has a hole and should be disposed once used. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“though she focused on making hers...in the fridge for three weeks”可知,Eco-Hero在容量和耐用性方面有了改进。故选C。 1 2 3 4 3.Which of the following words can best describe Madison？(　　) A.Ambitious and creative. B.Talented and determined. C.Courageous and confident. D.Cooperative and committed. A 解析：推理判断题。Madison设计了可食用凝胶袋,由此可知,她富有创造力;由第四段可知,Madison的最大抱负之一就是想帮助世界;由最后一段可知,她认为人们可以改变这个世界,即使只是在一个小的方面。由此可推知,Madison既有创造力又有雄心大志。故选A。 1 2 3 4 4.What can we learn from the text？(　　) A.A good beginning is half done. B.Small people make big moves. C.Where there is a will,there is a way. D.Every coin has two sides. B 解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲述了当时才12岁的Madison设计了可食用凝胶袋以减少塑料污染的问题。 The effect begins with extreme climate change,which slows ocean currents.This leaves the surface of the oceans covered in a warm layer of fresh water that won't mix easily with the cooler,more alkaline water below it.That means more of the greenhouse gas is left in the atmosphere.This in turn produces faster warming,which sustains and strengthens the low-alkalinity surface layer.Co-author,Pedro DiNezio,said that the discovery was a powerful reminder that the world needs to reduce its CO2 emissions to avoid crossing this and other tipping points. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。在未来,海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力的下降会导致全球变暖。 5 6 7 8 5.What may happen after the year 2300？(　　) A.More CO2 will be absorbed by the oceans. B.The oceans will lose all their current efficiency. C.The world will face even more severe warming. D.The oceans will be less crucial to global warming. C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据题目中的2300可以定位到第一段中的“researchers found that the oceans' capacity...decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300”可知,到2300年,海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率将降低一半,再由上文中的“The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.”可知,海洋通过吸收二氧化碳在减缓全球变暖方面起着至关重要的作用。由此可知,一旦海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,全球变暖问题将更严重。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean？(　　) A.Improve.　　　　　 B.Weaken. C.Protect. D.Control. B 解析：词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的结构可知,“that can hinder the ability of...CO2”为定语从句,先行词为“a surface layer of low-alkalinity water”,再由“The decline happens”可知,海洋表层的低碱度海水应该是能够削弱海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力。故hinder意为“削弱”,即weaken,故选B。 5 6 7 8 7.What does Megumi Chikamoto say about the oceans？(　　) A.Finding why they slow CO2 intake is hard. B.Their ability to absorb CO2 is at their maximum. C.They will decide on the future of human beings. D.They will slow down CO2 absorption very quickly. A 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Climate simulations had previously shown...none had considered alkalinity as an explanation.”可知,以前的气候模拟只是表明海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力随着时间的推移在减弱,但是没有一个人考虑到是碱度的原因。由此可知,Megumi Chikamoto应谈到查明为什么海洋降低二氧化碳的吸收很困难。故选A。 5 6 7 8 8.Where is this text probably taken from？(　　) A.A biology textbook. B.A government report. C.Science fiction. D.An environmental journal. D 解析：文章出处题。文章主要介绍了海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力对气候变暖的影响,与自然环境紧密相关,故文章有可能来自一本环境期刊,故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) (2024·东北三省四市联考)This was a big game.The boys were 1 and excited.It was a clear night,and my son Andy's baseball team,which had 2 all year,had shocked the better teams by making it to this championship game.The atmosphere was 3 ：the other team's slugger (强击手),a big kid,was like a snake,dangerous and ready to 4 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Nervously,I looked out for Andy's way.I was 5 to see Andy looking straight up at the night sky! Obviously he wasn't 6 on the game.I was horrified that he wouldn't even know the ball was coming. “Come on,Andy. 7 out there,” I said to myself. Thank goodness the big kid made a mistake.We (Andy and I) had been 8 ,and our team still led by one run. Andy ran up to me at the 9 .I was about to 10 him when he said loudly,“Did you see that shooting star？” 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Andy's eyes were glowing (喜形于色) with 11 .I paused. “Yes,” I said.“Well,one inning (局) to go.Hit a home run (本垒打)！” “Okay！” said Andy,and he ran back to his 12 . I suddenly realized it was nice that my son would take time out to 13 the wonder and beauty in life.You might be surprised by the beauty you can find when you least 14 it.Andy hit a triple in that last inning.But I still wish I had 15 that shooting star,too. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者看儿子Andy的冠军赛,但看到他在看夜空而未专注于比赛,作者本想责备他,但最后从另一个角度意识到儿子善于发现生活中的美,自己也因此改变了态度。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 1.A.nervous　　　　　　　 B.puzzled C.curious D.ashamed 答案：A 解析：根据空前的“big game”和下文的“this championship game”可知,这是一场冠军赛,参加比赛的男孩们都很紧张和激动,故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 2.A.won B.struggled C.prayed D.run 答案：B 解析：Andy的棒球队成功进入了这场冠军赛,震惊了其他更好的队伍。故可推测,作者儿子Andy所在的棒球队一年来都在努力奋斗,故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.electric B.friendly C.casual D.romantic 答案：A 解析：根据下文中的“the other team's slugger,a big kid,was like a snake,dangerous”可知,气氛是令人激动的,因为对方的强击手是个高大的孩子,像蛇一样,很危险。故选A项。electric“充满刺激的,令人激动的”,此处为熟词生义。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.flee B.climb C.jump D.strike 答案：D 解析：由上文可知,这是一场冠军赛,所以此处指另一支球队的强击手是个高大的孩子,就像一条蛇,很危险,随时准备进攻。strike意为“突击,攻击”,符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.amused B.thrilled C.shocked D.satisfied 答案：C 解析：空前谈到作者很紧张地看着儿子Andy,但是看到Andy直直地盯着夜空看,作者觉得很吃惊,故选C。amused“被逗乐的,觉得好笑的”;thrilled“非常兴奋,极为激动”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.carrying B.reflecting C.commenting D.focusing 答案：D 解析：Andy在赛场上却直直地盯着夜空看,很明显他当时没有专注于这次比赛。下文中的“he wouldn't even know the ball was coming”也是提示,故选D。carry on“继续,开展,参与”;reflect on“认真思考,沉思”,comment on“评论”;focus on“专注于”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.Settle down B.Stand up C.Wake up D.Lie down 答案：C 解析：根据上文可知,儿子Andy当时的注意力没有在球赛上,故此处指作者自言自语道：“快点,Andy,打起精神。”settle down“安顿下来”;wake up“活跃起来,清醒”。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.informed B.punished C.warned D.spared 答案：D 解析：虽然Andy的注意力没在球赛上,但这个时候另一队的大孩子犯了一个错误。Andy和作者“幸免于难”,Andy所在的球队仍然领先一分。spare意为“饶恕,赦免,放过,使逃脱”,符合语境。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.meeting B.break C.corner D.entrance 答案：B 解析：根据常识可知,是在比赛休息期间,Andy才能跑到作者身边。break“间歇,休息”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.blame B.comfort C.entertain D.threaten 答案：A 解析：上文提到比赛的时候,Andy直直地盯着夜空看,没有专注于这次比赛,所以此处指作者想责备他,答案为A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.anger B.anxiety C.excitement D.confidence 答案：C 解析：根据上文中的“Did you see that shooting star？”以及空前的“Andy's eyes were glowing”可知,此处指Andy喜形于色,很兴奋,故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.teammates B.fans C.parents D.stars 答案：A 解析：根据作者所说的“Well,one inning to go.Hit a home run！”可知,作者说还有一局要打,故Andy应是跑回到队友身边,故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.create B.research C.explain D.appreciate 答案：D 解析：上文讲Andy直直地盯着夜空看,结合空后的“the wonder and beauty in life (生活中的奇迹和美)”和四个选项可知,应选appreciate“欣赏”与之搭配。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.need B.expect C.afford D.suspect 答案：B 解析：你可能会惊讶于你最意想不到的时候所能发现的美丽。least expect“最意想不到”,故选expect。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.become B.filmed C.seen D.followed 答案：C 解析：根据语境,尤其是上文的“Did you see that shooting star？”中的see可知,本空选seen。 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1：landfill n.废物填埋地(或场) Para.4：ambition n.野心;雄心;志向;抱负 Para.5：inspiration n.灵感;启发灵感的人(或事物);使人产生动机的人(或事物) previous adj.先前的;以往的 version n.版本;描述,说法;变体;变种 核心短语 Para.1：wind up完成;停止(活动) Para.3：science fair科学展览 B篇 核心 单词 Para.1：crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的 decrease n.& v.减少,降低 Para.2：reveal v.揭示,透露;展示,显示 previously adv.以前,先前 activate v.使活动,激活;使活化 release v.释放,放走;公布,发行 brake n.刹车;阻力,障碍 Para.4：reminder n.提醒人的事物,引起回忆的事件 派生 词汇 Para.1：absorb v.吸收;理解→absorption n.吸收;专注 emission n.散发物,排放物;(光、热、气等的)发出,射出,排放→emit v.发出,散发 capacity n.领悟(或理解、办事)能力→capable adj.有能力的,有才能的;能力强的,足以胜任的 核心 短语 Para.3：hit on sth.突然有个好主意,偶然想到妙点子 Para.4：in turn依次,轮流;相应地 B (2024·甘肃兰州诊断考试)The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide () emissions.However,in a study conducted by the University of Texas at Austin, researchers found that the oceans' capacity to absorb carbon dioxide would reach its maximum by 2100 and decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300,based on a climate simulation (模拟) that was set for a worst-case emissions scenario (设想). The decline happens because of a surface layer of low-alkalinity (碱度) water that can hinder the ability of the oceans to absorb CO2.Alkalinity affects how much CO2 can dissolve in seawater.Although the emissions scenario used in the study is unlikely because of global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions,the findings reveal a previously unknown tipping point that if activated would release an important brake on global warming. “We need to think about these worst-case scenarios to understand how our CO2 emissions might affect the oceans not just this century,but next century and the following centuries.Climate simulations had previously shown that the oceans slow their absorption of CO2 over time,but none had considered alkalinity as an explanation.We recalculated pieces of a 450-year simulation until we hit on alkalinity as a key cause of the slowing,” said Megumi Chikamoto,who led the research at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics. $$