第2讲 第2节 形容词和副词-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

板块一　词法 专项提能 语法篇 第二讲　需“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词 第2节 形容词和副词 【真题试做】——感悟高考中的语法 一、形容词及副词 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is (rare) enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left wanting more next time. 2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)It offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs. rarely aching 二、比较级及倍数 1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres... 2.(2023·浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and _______(simple) in design and decoration,and the hutongs were narrower. 3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _ (hot) the spring! 4.(2020·江苏卷)Quality counts (little) than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can free others of risk and embarrassment. largest simpler hotter less 考点 1　形容词和副词的基本用法 (一)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语 1.以a­-开头的形容词常作表语,如afraid、alone、alive、ashamed、awake等；常作表语的形容词还有content、worth、ill、sure等。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得被读。 2.形容词作状语表示原因、伴随、结果等,表示主语的状态和特征,逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。 (2024·九省联考)“What’s all this？” Katherine asked, obviously confused. “这是怎么回事？”凯瑟琳问,显然很困惑。 (二)副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I firmly believe that you will finish your run if you bravely face this challenge. 我坚信,只要你勇敢地面对这次挑战,你一定能跑完全程。 [特别提醒]　常作评注性状语,置于句首修饰整个句子的副词有fortunately、luckily、surprisingly、honestly、personally、actually、thankfully等。 (2023·全国甲卷)Unfortunately,he was arrested and forced to stay there for over ten years. 不幸的是,他被抓获并被迫在那里待了十多年。 考点 2　形容词变副词的规则 类别 例词 直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很,大大地 以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-ly happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地 词尾为-le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y(whole例外) terrible→terribly极度地 gentle→gently轻柔地 whole→wholly整个地 类别 例词 词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e,再加-ly true→truly真实地 词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y full→fully充分地;完全地 dull→dully迟钝地 词尾为-ic的形容词,加 -ally(public例外) basic→basically基本上 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地 public→publicly公开地;公然地 考点3 形容词和副词的比较等级 (一)形容词和副词的同级比较 　基本结构： (1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某一方面相等时,可以用以下三种形式表示： ①as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as ②as＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋as ③as＋many/much＋复数名词/不可数名词＋as Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is). ＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is). 亨利是和彼得一样好的工人。 He has as many books as I. 他有和我一样多的书。 (2)表示双方不相等时,用“not so/as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”结构。 Michael is not as/so tall as Wood. 迈克尔没有伍德长得高。 (二)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1.比较级与最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest long longer longest 以-e结尾的,只加 -r或-st nice nicer nicest fine finer finest 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 和少数双 音节词 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的,先变y为i再加-er或-est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音 节词和多 音节词 在前面加more 或most difficult more difficult most difficult beautiful more beautiful most beautiful [特别提醒]　表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect、favorite等,没有最高级,也不与比较级连用；有些词本身含有比较的意义,其后用to而不用than,如superior to优/高于； inferior to次于； senior to年长于,地位高于； junior to地位低于等。 (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good、well better best bad、badly、ill worse worst many、much more most little less least far ·farther[指时间或空间上“更远(的)”] ·further[指空间距离 “更远(的)”;在更大程度上] ·farthest[指时间或空间上 “最久(的);最远(的)”] ·furthest[指空间距离“最远(的)”;在最大程度上] old older/elder oldest/eldest 2.比较级的常见结构 (1)“形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构,表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”；“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any、much、even、far、by far、a lot、a great deal等。 The breadth of education is more important than its length,and the length of life is less important than its depth. 教育的长度不及广度重要,人生的长度不及深度重要。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read. 这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。 (2)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语, the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”,表示“越……就越……”。 (2024·九省联考)Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. 研究表明,孩子越早学会建立积极的人际关系,他们在青少年和成年后就越善于与他人相处。 (3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 I’m feeling more and more exhausted as the day goes on. 随着一天的过去,我感到越来越疲惫了。 (4)表示“和……一样不……”时,用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。 You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮。 (5)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”,表示“(两者中)较……的”。 I would prefer the smaller of the two cameras,which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中,我喜欢较小的那个,对我来说,它很容易携带。 3.比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式 (1)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。 (2024·浙江1月卷)There was nothing she feared more than having to run a whole mile. 她最害怕的莫过于跑完整整一英里。 (2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词； 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词； 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词。 The Great Wall is longer than any other man­-made structure/than all the other man-­made structures/than any of the other man-­made structures in history. 长城比历史上任何人造建筑都长。 4.最高级的用法 (1)the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语) She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 (2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。 (4)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far、nearly、almost、by no means、not really以及序数词等。 It is by far the worst speech he has ever made. 这是他迄今发表过的最差的演讲。 考点 4　倍数表达法 　常用的倍数表达法： Our classroom is three times as large as theirs. ＝Our classroom is three times larger than theirs. ＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs. 我们的教室是他们的教室的三倍大。 考点 5　常见的易混词 beside在旁边(或附近) besides此外,而且 late迟的/地,晚的/地 lately近来 later后来,以后 latest最近的,最新的 ago以前(以现在为起点) before以前(以过去为起点) somewhere某处 everywhere到处 high在高处;高 highly高度地;很;非常 wide广阔地;充分地 widely广泛地;普遍地 deep深深地 deeply深刻地;深沉地 free免费 freely自由地;畅通地 close接近;紧挨着 closely仔细地;紧密地 hard努力地 hardly几乎不 near在附近 nearly几乎,差不多 [特别提醒]　下列单词以-­ly结尾,但是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、friendly、ugly、silly、timely、costly等。 考点针对训练 Ⅰ.语法与教材 1.(外研选必一) People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times _____________(previous). 2.(译林选必三)Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as (excite) as you might think. 3.(译林选必一)While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works, the artists who made the (deep) impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters,Claude Monet and Pierre­-Auguste Renoir. previously exciting deepest 4.(译林选必二)We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to (blind) trust what we have read. 5.(人教必修三)Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai Scholarship, the _______ (high) prize given to graduates. 6.(人教选必一)Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the (smart) men who ever lived. blindly highest smartest 7.(北师大选必三)Dr. Sun Qiang, director of the research team, said they had been (whole) devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years. 8.(外研选必四)Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks. All of them represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earth’s (far) corners. 9.(外研选必四)Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed (dramatic) when the first telescope was angled at the night sky. 10.(译林必修三)We can achieve almost anything online—with access to the Internet come some (true) life-­changing advantages. wholly farthest dramatically truly Ⅱ.语法与高考 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《论语》的核心理念。 (2024·福建高三质量检测一)The Analects of Confucius or The Analects (《论语》) is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius and his disciples (追随者).It 1.____________ (edit) in the early Warring States Period, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers 2.____________ their questions. 1.答案：was edited 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它编纂于战国初期，是孔子的弟子根据他们的问答记录的笔记汇编而成的。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，主语it指代上文提到的The Analects of Confucius or The Analects，为单数概念，与谓语动词edit之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was edited。 2.答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意见上一题解析。answer to...意为“……的答案”，是固定用法。故填to。 Today’s The Analects is based on the Lu version compiled during the Han Dynasty and embodies 3.____________ Confucian concept of ren or humanity or benevolence.Ren is rich in content,and varied in form. 3.答案：the 解析：考查冠词。句意：如今的《论语》是以汉代编纂的鲁本为基础，体现了儒家的“仁”的思想。设空处修饰Confucian concept，表示特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 The core of the concept is “The benevolent love of others” or universal love,4.____________ is the basic virtue of a gentleman of noble character. Confucius believed that being benevolent does not mean 5.____________ (be) without principles. One should be clear about what 6.____________ (love) or hate.Ren comes from learning and self­-cultivation：It can be seen from a person’s appearance. To be sure, li or rites and yue or music are important. 7.____________, ren is the No.1 principle of being a decent man. It is 8.____________ (actual) the essence of li and yue. Without ren, li or yue would be 9.____________ (meaning). 4.答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：这一理念的核心是“仁者爱人”或“博爱”，这是品格高尚的君子的基本美德。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代“The benevolent love of others” or universal love，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 5.答案：being 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子认为，“仁”不等于没有原则。根据句意可知，此处表示“意味着”，mean doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“意味着做某事”。故填being。 6.答案：to love 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一个人应该清楚地知道爱什么或恨什么。根据or后的动词原形hate可知，此处为“疑问词＋不定式”作介词about的宾语。故填to love。 7.答案：However 解析：考查副词。句意：然而，“仁”是做一个正派的人的第一原则。根据句意可知，此处与上文之间为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用副词however；此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填However。 8.答案：actually 解析：考查词性转换。句意：它事实上是“礼”和“乐”的本质。设空处修饰系动词is，应用副词。故填actually。 9.答案：meaningless 解析：考查词性转换。句意：没有“仁”“礼”或“乐”就没有意义了。设空处作表语，应用形容词；根据句意可知，此处表示“无意义的”。故填meaningless。 Apart from ren, Confucius put forward another concept, which is yi or righteousness. Yi is the code of conduct under the 10.____________ (guide) of ren.“The virtuous man cherishes a respect for the law,while the vile (邪恶的) man cherishes generous treatment.” 10.答案：guidance 解析：考查词性转换。句意：“义”是“仁”指导下的行为准则。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，设空处应用名词，under the guidance of为固定搭配，意为“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。 Ⅲ.语法与写作 根据中文提示补全作文,并注意其中形容词和副词的使用。 Dear David, I’ve learned it on the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.1.___________ ________________________________ (我很高兴你对中国有如此浓厚的兴趣) and I would like to be your friend. you show such great interest in China I’m glad that 2.___________________________________________________ ______________________________ (我将尽可能地经常给你写信介绍中国文化).When you have an opportunity to come to China,I’ll teach you how to speak Chinese and 3._________________________ _______________________(带你参观一些著名的历史名胜). 4. ________________________________________(无论如何,我将尽可能地多帮助你).How do you think? I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce the Chinese culture to you show you around some famous historical places of interest Anyway,I am going to help you as much as I can $$