选修3 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 主题语境　积极的生活态度 选择性必修第三册 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 四级词汇 advertising n.[U]广告业;广告活动 advertise vi.& vt.(为……)做广告,宣传;征聘;公布(advertisement n.广告;宣传) furniture n.[U](总称)家具 　a piece/an article of furniture一件家具 背诵默写本 三级词汇 abandon vt.抛弃,舍弃,放弃,遗弃(abandoned adj.被放弃的,被遗弃的) bat n.[C](网球、乒乓球等的)球拍;蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球;挥打,拍打 belongings n.[C][pl.]财产,财物,动产;所有物(belong v.属于;应在) 　personal belongings个人财物 bitter adj.严寒的;痛苦的;味苦的;激烈而不愉快的(bitterly adv.伤心地;极其) 　bitter cold严寒 blanket n.[C]毯子,毛毯;厚层 　a wet blanket扫兴的人,泼冷水的人 crew n.[集体名词](轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员;专业团队;一群人 cruel adj.残酷的,残忍的,无情的,冷酷的(cruelly adv.残忍地,残酷地　cruelty n.残忍,残酷) 　be cruel to 对……残忍 cupboard n.[C]橱柜,壁橱,衣柜 enthusiastic adj.热情的,热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地 enthusiasm n.热情;热忱) 　be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.对(做)某事很有热情 guidance n.[U]指导,引导;咨询;导航(guide n.导游;指南 vt.带领;引导;为……领路) 　under the guidance of sb./under sb.’s guidance在某人的指导下 motor n.[C]发动机,马达 adj.汽车的,机动车的,有引擎的 rough adj.风浪大的;汹涌的;粗略的;(表面)粗糙的 　rough weather狂风暴雨的天气 sink vt.(sank/sunk, sunk)使下沉,使沉没;使失败 vi.降低,减弱;(高度)下降;倒下,坐下;沉没,下沉 voyage n.[C]航行;(尤指)航海 vi.航海,航行 　go on/make/take a voyage航行 二级词汇 assign vt.分派,布置,分配(assignment n.任务;作业;分配) 　assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 bark vi.(狗等)吠叫 n.[C](狗)吠叫声;[U]树皮 candidate n.[C]申请人,候选人,应试者 commitment n.[C]&[U]承诺,保证;[C]已承诺的事;[U]投入,奉献 [commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等)　committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的] 　make a commitment to对……作出承诺 damp adj.潮湿的,湿气重的 n.[U]潮气,湿气 envy vt.妒忌,羡慕 n.[U]羡慕,妒忌(envious adj.忌妒的,羡慕的) 　envy sb.(doing) sth.嫉妒某人(做)某事 miserable adj.令人难受的,痛苦的;悲惨的 qualified adj.(尤指做某项工作)符合资格,胜任的;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)[qualify v.(使)具有资格,(使)合格　qualification n.资格,资历;资格证书] 　be qualified for胜任……的 　be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事 resolve n.[U][正式用语]决心,坚定的信念 vi.& vt.[正式用语]决定,决心 vt.解决(问题或困难) 　resolve to do sth.决心做某事 　resolve a conflict/an issue/difficulties解决冲突/解决问题/解决难题 resolution n.[C]决议,决定;决心;[U][sing.]解决;[U]坚决,坚定 　make a resolution to do sth.下决心做某事 selfish adj.自私的 (selfishly adv.自私地　selfishness n.自私) 　a selfish deed自私的行为 thorough adj.深入的,彻底的,细致的,详尽的(thoroughly adv.彻底;仔细;完全) wage n.[C][常用复数]工资,薪金 　high/low wages高/低薪 一级词汇 aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[board v.上船(或火车、飞机) n.板;董事会] corporate adj.公司的;法人的;社团的[corporation n.(大)公司;法人] cosy adj.温馨的,舒适的,感觉舒服的 decent adj.相当不错的;得体的;正派的 episode n.[C](人生的)一段经历;(小说的)片段;插曲 genuine adj.真诚的;真正的;可信赖的 　a genuine person一个真诚的人 loyal adj.忠诚的,忠实的(loyalty n.忠诚,忠实) motive n.[C]动机,目的,原因 recreation n.[U]娱乐,消遣;[C]娱乐/消遣活动,游戏 good/bad⁃tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 adversity n.[C]&[U]困境,逆境 perseverance n.[U]毅力,韧性,不屈不挠的精神(persevere vi.坚持,孜孜以求) ◆短语与词块 1.turn sb. down拒绝(某人) 2.make fire生火 3.give off放出(热、光、气味或气体) 4.apply to join the expedition申请加入探险之旅 5.be enthusiastic about对……充满热情 6.assign sb.to do...指派某人去做…… 7.become/be stuck in陷于 8.throw away扔掉 9.cheer sb.up使某人振作起来 10.go from bad to worse每况愈下 11.set off出发 12.make it获得成功 ◆句式表达 1.句式:全部倒装 Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。 2.句式:it happened that... Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.好吧,一天早晨,我碰巧买了份报纸,看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。 3.句式:as...as...意为“和……一样”,表示同级比较 How could I become as selfish and bad⁃tempered as Thomas Orde⁃Lees! 我怎么可以变得像托马斯·奥德利斯那样自私和脾气暴躁呢! 4.句式:as long as...只要…… It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.只要你坚持,最终就会成功。 5.句式:if引导的虚拟条件句 If it weren’t for sea animals,we would all starve.要是没有海洋生物,我们都得挨饿。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.核心词块 1. a minimum 最低工资 2. a blow 沉重的打击 3. the lack of 缺乏精力 4. be about sports 对体育特别感兴趣 5. the plane 登机 6. cause and jealousy 惹来嫉妒和羡慕 wage bitter vigour enthusiastic aboard envy 7. to the bottom of the sea 沉入海底 8. the plan 放弃这个计划 9. wrap a around the baby 用毯子把婴儿裹起来 10. personal 个人财物 11. an issue 解决问题 12. a job 一份相当不错的工作 13. a man 一个坏脾气的男人 14. a very person一个非常真诚的人 sink abandon blanket belongings resolve decent bad⁃tempered genuine 15. an ambulance 救护车急救组 16. a dictator 残暴的独裁者 17. in a mess 乱七八糟的 18. a piece of 一件家具 19. one dog 一条狂吠的狗 20. pick up the ball and it quickly 捡起球并迅速地击出 21. in conditions 在潮湿的环境下 22. outdoor 户外娱乐 crew cruel thorough furniture barking bat damp recreation 23. a draft of a speech 演讲草稿 24. the perfect for the job 这项工作的最佳人选 25. made a to keep working together 承诺要继续 在一起工作 26. the profit 利益动机 rough candidate commitment motive Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历 等)→ v.(使)具有资格;(使)合格→ n.资 格;资历;资格证书 2. vt.分派;布置;分配→ n.任务;作 业;分配 3. n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神→ ⁠ vi.坚持;孜孜以求 qualified qualify qualification assign assignment perseverance persevere 4. adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的→ adv.残忍地; 残酷地→ n.残忍;残酷 5. adv.不幸地;遗憾地→ (反) adv. 幸运地→ n.运气;大笔的钱→ adj.幸运的 6. n.广告活动;广告业→ vt.& vi.公布; 宣传;做广告→ n.广告;宣传 7. adj.忠诚的;忠实的→ n.忠诚;忠实 cruel cruelly cruelty unfortunately fortunately fortune fortunate advertising advertise advertisement loyal loyalty 结合语境变形单词 8. Would you happen to have the business card in your personal ⁠ ___________ (belong)? 9. I firmly believe, with ⁠ (resolve) and action, success is right ahead. 10. We are confident that we can win this competition.But we sincerely hope you will give us your ⁠ (guide) and encouragement. belongings resolution guidance 11. Today, I am as ⁠ about my job as the first day and my ⁠ enables me to treat my job _______________ . ( enthusiastic) 12. The scientist ⁠ himself to his research and it was his that won him a great reputationcommit) enthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically committed commitment Ⅲ.重点短语 1. 拒绝我  2. monitor 被指定为班长  3. 成功;准时抵达  4. join the organization 申请加入该组织  5. drill wood to 钻木取火  turn me down be assigned to be make it apply to make fire 根据语境完成句子 6. Bicycles are environmentally friendly because ⁠ (它们不释放废气).  7. I do hope (她能振作起来) and accept the challenge of life bravely!  8. (他们的车陷在泥里),so they had no choice but to wait for rescue.  9. The man decided to quit drinking when he realised ⁠ (他的健康状况每况愈下).  10. William intended to join the basketball team, but the coach (因为他个子矮而拒 绝了他).  they won’t give off waste gas she can cheer up Their car was stuck in the mud his health was going from bad to worse turned him down for his being short Ⅳ.句式仿写 1. 西方的这个节日和中国的春节一样是一个很重要的节日。 (as...as) This festival in the West _____________________________________ _______________ . 2. 任何人,只要你对英语口语感兴趣,都可以加入我们,去探索一个 新世界,并成为我们俱乐部的新星。(as long as ) Anyone, ⁠, can join us to explore a new world, and become a new star in our club.  as important a festival as the Spring Festival in China 3. 如果我是一名清洁工人,我会让我们的城市更干净,让街上没有 任何垃圾。(if引导虚拟条件句) ⁠, I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street.  If I were a dustman 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1.qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历 等)→ v.使有资格→ n.资格;学历 (1)be qualified for/to do sth.有……的资格/有资格做某事 (2)qualify sb. for sth./to do sth. 使某人能胜任某事/有资格做某事 (3)have the qualification for/to do sth. 有……的资格/有资格做某事 qualify qualification ①Now that you have gained your teaching ⁠, I am sure you will be ⁠ for the job they advertised in the newspaper.(qualify) ②我有相关经验,这将使我胜任这份志愿者工作。(申请信) I have relevant experience,____________________________________ ________. ③我的英语很好,我确信我可以胜任这份工作。(申请信) With a good command of English, ______________________________ __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________. qualification qualified which will qualify me for the voluntary work I’m confident that I will be qualified for the job/have the qualification for the job/have the qualification to do the job 2.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的→ adv.热情 地;热心地→ n.热情;热忱 enthusiastically enthusiasm (1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有热情 (2)lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情 with enthusiasm (=enthusiastically)热情地 ①Bernard and Jack still made popcorn ______________ (enthusiastic) ⁠in spite of several failures. ②我不仅充满热情而且容易相处,这使得我可以胜任报纸上所刊 登的志愿者工作。(个人优势) _______________________________________________________, which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.  enthusiastically I am not only full of enthusiasm but also easy to get along/on with ③得知您对中国传统文化充满热情,我写信邀请您参加本周日在 我们学校举行的中国画展。(邀请信) _______________________________________________________, I’m writing to invite you to the exhibition of Chinese paintings to be held in our school this Sunday.  Learning that you are enthusiastic about traditional Chinese culture 3.assign vt.分配;分派;布置→ n.(分派的)工作,任务;布置 assign sb. sth.=assign sth. to sb.把某事/某物安排给某人 assign sb. to sth. 指派某人做某项工作 assign sb. as...指派某人担任某一职务 assign sb. to do sth.指派某人做某事 assignment ①The teacher assigned the three boys ⁠ the task and each did his share. ②(译林选必四)I remembered working on my first (assign). It was a 3,000⁃word essay on geometry and I wasn’t even sure how to begin the first paragraph. ③她是如此优秀的航天员以至于她被指派在空间站执行了近6个 月的任务。(人物描写) She is such an excellent astronaut that ⁠ a nearly six⁃month mission in the space station.  to assignment she has been assigned to perform 4.envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌→ adj.忌妒的;羡慕的 (1)with envy羡慕地;忌妒地 be green with envy忌妒得眼红;十分羡慕/忌妒 (2)envy sb. (doing) sth. 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事 (3)be envious of羡慕;妒忌 envious ①Honestly speaking, I do envy you ⁠ (get) the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ②All the girls watched her ⁠ envy when she danced gracefully on the big stage. ③她非常乐观且充满热情,对此我非常羡慕。(人物介绍) She is quite optimistic and full of enthusiasm,_____________________ _________. getting with for which I am green with envy 以你为榜样 ⁠ 5.abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃;遗弃 n.放任;放纵→ ⁠ adj.被遗弃的;放纵的 (1)abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事;纵情于(做)某事 abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 (2)with abandon 放纵地;放任地 (3)be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事 abandoned ①We sang, danced, and laughed ⁠ abandon, forgetting the difficulties in our life. ②It was a pity that they abandoned ⁠ (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money. ③I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end⁃of⁃term examination. → ⁠, I performed extremely badly in the end⁃of⁃term examination.(现在分词短 语作状语) → ⁠, I performed extremely badly in the end⁃of⁃term examination.(过去分词短语作状语)  with carrying Abandoning myself to computer games Abandoned to computer games 6.resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念→ n.决议;解决;坚定 (1)resolve to do/on doing sth. 决定做某事 (2)make a resolution (to do sth.)下定决心(做某事) resolution ①I made a ⁠ (resolve) to lose all the weight gained during the winter holidays. ②文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧,因此,我们国家已经决定不遗余 力地保护它们。(文化遗产与保护) Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors, so our country ___________________________________________________. resolution has resolved to spare/on sparing no effort to protect them ③一旦她下定决心做这件事,你就别想使她改变主意。 → ⁠, you won’t get her to change her mind.(resolve)  → ⁠, you won’t get her to change her mind.(resolution)  Once she has resolved to do/on doing it Once she has made a resolution to do it 虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实 相反 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形 与过去事实 相反 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might+have+过去分词 与将来事实 相反 (1)动词的过去式;(2)were to+动词原形; (3)should+动词原形 would/could/should/might+动词原形 7.if引导虚拟条件句 [教材原句]　If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve.要不 是有海洋生物,我们都得挨饿。 ①If you ⁠ (try) it again now, you might succeed. ②如果不是因为他们的决心和毅力,他们就不会在这次远征探险 中幸存下来。 If it had not been for their resolution and perseverance, they ⁠ ⁠.  ③如果你接受我的申请,我将不遗余力地提供我最佳的服务。(申 请信) ⁠, I would spare no effort to offer my best service.  ④如果你没有滑倒的话,你就不会把腿摔断。 ⁠, you wouldn’t have broken your leg.  tried would not have survived the expedition If you accepted/should accept my application If you hadn’t slipped and fallen Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. After so many failures, the man abandoned himself ⁠ despair. 2. She murmured her thanks and ⁠ (sink) down into her chair. 3. Not having made full preparations for the interview, he was turned ⁠. 4. The man gave me an impression that he was not very enthusiastic ⁠ the job. 5. After careful consideration, he resolved (quit) his job and pursue a new career.  to sank down about to quit 6. I am ⁠ (envy) of you, because you are leading such a cosy and decent life. 7. I’m writing to apply for the voluntary job, which I think I am ⁠ ____________(qualify) for. 8. Given that I ⁠ (assign) to do an important job, I turned down the invitation to the party.  9. ⁠ (fortunate), he didn’t seize the opportunity to get promoted. 10. Escaping from reality can be a strong motivation ⁠ travel. envious qualified was assigned Unfortunately for Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 欧内斯特·沙克尔顿是一位伟大的极地探险家,他一直对极地探 险充满热情。 Ernest Shackleton, a great polar explorer, ⁠ ⁠.   2. 以下是他的一些探险经历。 Below __________________________________________. 3. 他的第三次南极探险是一个非凡的奇迹。 His third expedition to the Antarctic was ⁠ ⁠.  had been enthusiastic about polar expeditions are some of his expedition experiences as extraordinary as a great miracle 4. 面对严峻的条件,他没有放弃他的团队,并决心把他们带回家。 Faced with tough conditions, he didn’t __________________________ _________________________. 5. 如果没有他的英明领导,他和他的团队就不会在这次探险中幸 存下来。(虚拟语气) If there hadn’t been his wise leadership, he and his team ___________ ___________________________. abandon his team and firmly resolved to bring them home wouldn’t have survived the expedition Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. 生义:_____________ 熟义:v.下沉,沉没 2.The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died. 生义:________ 熟义:n.吠叫声 n.洗涤槽,水槽 n.树皮 3.rough A.adj.汹涌的;风浪很大的 B.adj.崎岖的 C.adj.粗略的　 D.adj.艰难的　 E.adj.粗鲁的 (1)The weather forecast said it would be a rough day at sea. ___ (2)(2023·全国甲卷)The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. ___ (3)She had a rough night, losing her job and her apartment on the same day. ___ (4)The terrain was so rough that the car struggled to climb the hill. ___ (5)He is such a rough child that he doesn’t behave himself. ___ A C D B E 4.bitter A.adj.痛苦的 B.adj.激烈的　 C.adj.寒冷的;刺骨的　 D.adj.味苦的　 E.adj.愤愤不平的 (1)She is very bitter about losing her job. ___ (2)I’ve learnt from bitter experiences not to trust what he says. ___ (3)Outside, a bitter east wind is accompanied by flurries of snow. ___ (4)Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. ___ (5)With no one to resolve their disputes, the two sides are locked into a bitter conflict. ___ E A C D B 培优2　单元话题写作——探险家 　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　As we all know, there are numerous ① (adversity) in our life.A sailor, who was ② (在……岁时) 19 and ③________________(热衷于) sailing, wanted to join an expedition. ④______________ (fortunately), he ⑤ (被拒绝) by the captain at first though he was ⑥ (qualify) for the position.But he didn’t give up.He told the captain that he had energy (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:⑦ ) and endurance and he could complete the tasks ⑧ (assign) by the captain.He said,“I ⑨__________________________(一直盼望) the voyage for a long time.” Finally, the genuine sailor ⑩ (成功了).  adversities at the age of enthusiastic about Unfortunately was turned down qualified vigour assigned have been looking forward to made it 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　cosy;miserable;miserably;good/bad⁃tempered; genuine;bitter;bitterly;enthusiastic;envy;envious;selfish;cruel;loyal;committed [动作描写]　turn sb. down;assign;sink;abandon;voyage; bark;bat;make fire;resolve 美句 1.At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour.(人物描写) 2.And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.(情感描写) 3.Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.(情感描写) 4.We felt so alone and desperate.(情感描写) 5.If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve.(虚拟语气) 6.When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.(情感描写) 7.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.(主旨升华) Step 2　语料运用　【野外探险】 　　一对夫妇——汤姆和玛丽热衷于野外探险。一天,当他们穿过一片茂密的丛林时,妻子玛丽的脚踝受了重伤。更糟糕的是,天开始下雨了。起初,汤姆挽着玛丽的胳膊,试图一路扶着她走。但玛丽的脚太疼了,他们不得不放弃他们的计划。当雨下得更大时,他们的心也开始下沉。 Tom and Mary were a couple ①_____ _________________________________ (定语从句).One day when going through a thick jungle, the wife, Mary, got seriously injured in the ankle.Worse still, it began to rain.At first, ②____________ ____________, trying to support her along the way. However, the pain was so intense ③________________________ their plan. When the rain became heavier, ④ . who were enthusiastic about wild exploration Tom took Mary’s arm that they had to abandon their hearts also began to sink 玛丽又痛苦又害怕,几乎崩溃了。汤姆温柔地搂着妻子,试图安慰她。玛丽渐渐平静下来,决定勇敢地面对困难。他们开始生火,以免在这样一个寒冷的夜晚被冻死。幸运的是,他们听到了直升机的轰鸣声。汤姆立即站起来,猛烈地挥舞着他的手臂,大声喊道:“救命!救命!” ⑤__________________(形容词短语作状语), Mary almost broke down.Tom tried to comfort her, ⑥_______________________ _______________(分词短语作状语).Mary gradually calmed down and ⑦___________ _______________________. They began to ⑧__________________________________ ______________________. Fortunately, they heard some roars of a helicopter.Tom immediately rose to his feet and ⑨_______ ________________, shouting loudly, “Help!Help!”  Bitter and frightened throwing his arms around his wife gently resolved to face the difficulty bravely make some fire to avoid being frozen to death on such a bitter night waved his arms violently 语料积累 【动作细节描写:看(二)】 单词 browse;glimpse;peep;squint;peek 词块 spy on 窥视,偷看;pay a visit to 拜访,参观;call on sb. 拜访某人;drop in on 顺道拜访 句型 He glimpsed her through the window as he passed. 他路过时透过窗户瞥见了她。 It is not ethical to spy on your neighbours. 暗中窥探你的邻居是很不道德的。 She tiptoed along the passage to John’s door and peeped inside. 她踮着脚走过通道,来到约翰的门口,朝里面偷看。 Drop in on us when you come to town next time. 下次你进城时,到我们这里坐坐。 The museum is open all the year round, so visitors can pay a visit to it whenever they like. 博物馆全年开放,所以游客想什么时候来参观都可以。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测三) When she was 61, Sian Davies decided to ①row across the Atlantic Ocean. In March 2021, she was one of the 12 crew members who set out on the 3,000⁃mile journey from Tenerife to battle sun, salt and fierce ②currents. “We would row in three⁃hour shifts and only sleep for an hour or so every six hours,” she says. “For the first 15 days, I was ③seasick, so I hardly ate anything. I was just rowing and collapsing. I went through some pretty dark times.” But after 42 days on the water, Davies reached Antigua to become one of the only six women in the world over the age of 60 to have rowed across an ocean. “I was exhausted and I was also so proud of myself,” she says. Davies began rowing when she was 53, after spotting a six⁃oar (浆) rowing boat in Bristol harbor. Attracted by its size and appearance, she spoke to the crew and was encouraged to do a trial run. “As soon as I got on the water, I fell in love with it,” she says. “Feeling your whole body working and the fresh air on your skin is amazing.” It wasn’t until 2017, though, that her Atlantic plans were born. Suffering from a herniated disc (椎间盘突出), she was only able to crawl out of bed. “I began thinking of things I could look forward to after I had surgery,” she says. “One day I was reading about women adventurers when it hit me that once better, I would row across an ocean.” After successful surgery, Davies began driving to meet other women who had undertaken rows. Hearing the experiences and advice of them gave Davies the confidence. Soon after, she heard that a new boat producer was organizing a team for a voyage across the Atlantic and she joined it immediately.“In June, I’m planning to break a few world records by rowing around the UK when I’m 64, and I want to motorcycle through the Himalayas later in the year. After all, we need things to ④look back on,” she says. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Sian Davies在61岁时划船跨越大西洋的经历和感受。 1 2 3 4 1.What do we know about Davies’ journey across the Atlantic?(　　) A.She fell apart and abandoned the task. B.She suffered a lot during the process. C.She was the oldest woman to finish it. D.She rowed along with six other women. B 1 2 3 4 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“We would row in three⁃hour shifts and only sleep for an hour or so every six hours” “For the first 15 days, I was seasick...I went through some pretty dark times.”可知,Davies等人轮班划船,每班人划3个小时,每6个小时睡1个小时左右,前15天,Davies晕船,几乎什么都没吃。由此可知,Davies在划船跨越大西洋的过程中遭受了很多苦难。故选B。 1 2 3 4 2.How did Davies feel about her first attempt to row?(　　) A.Painful.　　　　　　 B.Frightened. C.Confident. D.Impressed. D 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的“As soon as I got on the water,I fell in love with it” “Feeling your whole body working and the fresh air on your skin is amazing”可知,一到水上,Davies就爱上了划船。感觉全身在运动,新鲜的空气附着在皮肤上,这真是太棒了。由此可知,Davies对她的第一次划船尝试感到印象深刻。故选D。 1 2 3 4 3.What inspired Davies to row across an ocean?(　　) A.A trial row on a six⁃oar rowing boat. B.Support from a boat company. C.Stories of some women adventurers. D.Sufferings from her back pain. C 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的“One day I was reading about women adventurers when it hit me that once better, I would row across an ocean.”可知,一些女性冒险家的故事激励Davies划船跨越大洋。故选C。 1 2 3 4 4.Which of the following best describes Davies?(　　) A.Caring and open⁃minded. B.Humble and self⁃motivated. C.Determined and easy⁃going. D.Strong⁃willed and ambitious. D 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第二段的“after 42 days on the water, Davies reached Antigua to become one of the only six women in the world over the age of 60 to have rowed across an ocean”可知,尽管Davies当时61岁了,但是她仍然不畏艰辛,完成了3 000英里的划船旅程,成为世界上仅有的6位60岁以上跨越大洋的女性之一。由此可知,Davies意志坚强。再根据最后一段中Davies说的话可知,Davies计划在64岁时划船环游英国,打破几项世界纪录,还想着在今年晚些时候骑摩托车穿越喜马拉雅山。由此可知,她是一个有雄心壮志的人。故选D。A项“乐于助人和思想开明的”;B项“谦虚和自我激励的”;C项“意志坚定和温和的”。 [语境猜词] ①row (转) 文章义: [熟义:n.一排/列/行] ②current (转) 文章义: [熟义:现在的,目前的] ③seasick (合) [sea n.海,海洋+sick adj.生病的] ④look back on ___________ v.划船 n.(河、湖或海的)水流 adj.晕船的 回忆,回顾 B 　　(2024·安徽合肥三模)As the underwater robot, OceanOneK, carefully navigated toward the upper deck railing of the sunken Italian steamship Le Francesco Crispi about 500 m below the Mediterranean’s surface this month, ①roboticist Oussama Khatib felt as though he himself were there. OceanOneK looks like a human diver from the front, with eight multi⁃directional thrusters (推进器) that allow careful operation underwater. The robot’s touch⁃based feedback system and 3D vision produced incredibly realistic sensations that equaled what he would have experienced were he down below, rather than above onboard the control ship. Observing through OceanOneK robot’s eyes and feeling through its hands, Khatib perceived a new dimension of colorful life—pink and green and orange—layered on and around the ship. He felt the resistance of the water and could recognize the shapes of the historic relics around him. The mission of OceanOneK to these depths had two purposes: to explore places no one has gone to before and to show that human touch, vision, and interactivity can be brought to the sites far removed from where people can operate. While OceanOneK had many noteworthy adventures and successes during two multi⁃stop trips around the Mediterranean, the accomplishment of the team and the ship’s crew was demonstrating functional autonomy at nearly 1,000 m down. It was this advance that earned OceanOne’s renaming to OceanOneK. “This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth, interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,” said Khatib.“It has been an incredible journey.” “②③Distancing humans physically from dangerous and unreachable spaces while connecting their skills and experience to the task promises to fundamentally alter remote work,” said Khatib. “Robotic avatars (化身) will search for and acquire materials, build structures, and perform disaster prevention and recovery operations—be it deep in oceans and mines, at mountain tops, or in space.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们如何利用OceanOneK进行海底遗址勘探,并对其工作原理、未来应用等方面进行了说明。 5 6 7 8 5.How does OceanOneK work?(　　) A.By sending operators deep down the ocean. B.By enhancing divers’ vision underwater. C.By creating an at⁃the⁃scene experience. D.By measuring the resistance of water. C 5 6 7 8 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The robot’s touch⁃based feedback system and 3D vision produced incredibly realistic sensations that equaled what he would have experienced were he down below (机器人的基于触摸的反馈系统和3D视觉产生了难以置信的真实感觉,与他身处地面时体验到的感觉一样)”可知,机器人的触觉反馈系统和3D视觉效果能使人产生仿佛置身于海底的真实感官体验,即创造一种身临其境的感觉。故选C。 5 6 7 8 6.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?(　　) A.The origin of OceanOneK’s name. B.The demonstration of the ship’s crew. C.The noteworthy successes of the team. D.The adventures around the Mediterranean. A 5 6 7 8 解析:段落大意题。根据文章第四段“While OceanOneK had many noteworthy adventures and successes during two multi⁃stop trips around the Mediterranean, the accomplishment of the team and the ship’s crew was demonstrating functional autonomy at nearly 1,000 m down. It was this advance that earned OceanOne’s renaming to OceanOneK. (虽然OceanOneK在两次地中海多站航行中取得了许多值得注意的冒险和成功,但该团队和船员的成就是在近1 000米的水下展示了功能自主。正是这一进步使OceanOne更名为OceanOneK)”可知,OceanOneK可以在海底近1 000米处展示其功能自主性,并因此而得名。由此可知,本段主要讲的是OceanOneK名字的由来。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7.What does Khatib talk about robotic avatars in the last paragraph? (　　) A.Their promising future. B.Their technical advances. C.Their present applications. D.Their scientific significance. A 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Robotic avatars will search for and acquire materials, build structures, and perform disaster prevention and recovery operations—be it deep in oceans and mines, at mountain tops, or in space. (机器人化身将搜索和获取材料,建造结构,并执行灾难预防和恢复行动——无论是在海洋深处、矿山、山顶还是太空)”可知,机器人未来会被用于获取材料、建造建筑物以及灾难预防和重建等工作,无论是在海洋深处、矿山、山顶还是太空。这些属于对机器人未来应用的展望。故选A。 5 6 7 8 8.Which of the following might be a suitable title for the text?(　　) A.OceanOneK: Taking on a New Dimension of Colorful Life B.OceanOneK: Connecting Human Sensations to Deep Sea C.Robotic Avatars: Saving Human from Disasters D.Robotic Avatars: Altering Human Work Patterns B 解析:标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了OceanOneK这一能被用于海底勘探、模拟真实场景并给人真实感体验的远程操作设备。B项“OceanOneK: Connecting Human Sensations to Deep Sea (OceanOneK:将人类的感觉连接到深海)”是合适的标题。故选B。 [语境猜词] ①roboticist (派) [robotic adj.机器人的+⁃ist] ②distance (转) 文章义: [熟义:n.距离] ③本句为动名词短语作 ,谓语动词为 ,_________ __________ _______作宾语。  译文:____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ n.机器人专家 v.与……分开 主语 promises to fundamentally alter remote work Khatib说:“将人类从危险和难以触及的空间中物理上隔离开来,同时将其技能和经验与任务相结合,有望从根本上改变远程工作的模式。” Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在夏天跑步时保持健康的一些建议。 　　(2024·山东聊城二模)The heat and humidity in summer can make even the most dedicated runners want to stay inside. Here are some tips which can help you remain on track even when the weather is less than ideal. First, do remember to stay hydrated when running in summer. When it’s hot, you will sweat more and lose essential electrolytes (电解质). To avoid heat exhaustion, dizziness and other heat⁃related issues, drink plenty of fluids before, during, and after your run. 1(　　)  A.Then, hop in a shower or take a dip in the pool. B.The heat will make it challenging to run outside. C.This will help you keep your body functioning at its best. D.Hence, on top of tips above, it’s important to pace yourself. E.So listen to your body and take breaks if you start feeling overheated or tired. F.By doing it, you can avoid the heat and crowds that often build up later in the day. G.As the weather gets warmer, it can be tempting to put on your shorts and tank top for a run. 1.答案:C 解析:根据上文“To avoid heat exhaustion, dizziness and other heat⁃related issues, drink plenty of fluids before, during, and after your run.”可知,该部分介绍的是在夏天跑步时,防止中暑等问题的建议,C 选项“This will help you keep your body functioning at its best.”中的this指代上文提到的“喝大量的液体”,符合语境。故选C。 Another way to make summer running easier is to get an early start. The temperature is typically cooler in the morning, and the sun will become more intense as the day goes on. 2(　　) Further, starting your run early will even help you make the most of your day.  A.Then, hop in a shower or take a dip in the pool. B.The heat will make it challenging to run outside. C.This will help you keep your body functioning at its best. D.Hence, on top of tips above, it’s important to pace yourself. E.So listen to your body and take breaks if you start feeling overheated or tired. F.By doing it, you can avoid the heat and crowds that often build up later in the day. G.As the weather gets warmer, it can be tempting to put on your shorts and tank top for a run. 2.答案:F 解析:根据上文“The temperature is typically cooler in the morning, and the sun will become more intense as the day goes on.”可知,该部分介绍的是在夏天跑步时,选择合适的时间的建议,F 选项“By doing it, you can avoid the heat and crowds that often build up later in the day.”中的 by doing it 指代上文提到的“在早晨跑步”,符合语境。故选F。 3(　　) However, it’s essential to dress appropriately for summer running. One tip is to choose light⁃colored clothing, as darker colors absorb more heat. You should also look for fabrics that are breathable and quick⁃drying.  A.Then, hop in a shower or take a dip in the pool. B.The heat will make it challenging to run outside. C.This will help you keep your body functioning at its best. D.Hence, on top of tips above, it’s important to pace yourself. E.So listen to your body and take breaks if you start feeling overheated or tired. F.By doing it, you can avoid the heat and crowds that often build up later in the day. G.As the weather gets warmer, it can be tempting to put on your shorts and tank top for a run. 3.答案:G 解析:根据下文“However, it’s essential to dress appropriately for summer running.”可知,该部分介绍的是在夏天跑步时,穿着方面的建议,G 选项“As the weather gets warmer, it can be tempting to put on your shorts and tank top for a run.”中的“穿上短裤和背心去跑步”是不恰当的穿着,与下文形成转折关系,符合语境。故选G。 When running in summer, pay attention to your body, and take breaks as needed in case of overexertion(过度负荷) which can lead to heat stroke. 4(　　) Just slow down your usual pace and focus on running for long, rather than trying to cover a lot of ground quickly, and you will be able to enjoy your run while staying safe.  A.Then, hop in a shower or take a dip in the pool. B.The heat will make it challenging to run outside. C.This will help you keep your body functioning at its best. D.Hence, on top of tips above, it’s important to pace yourself. E.So listen to your body and take breaks if you start feeling overheated or tired. F.By doing it, you can avoid the heat and crowds that often build up later in the day. G.As the weather gets warmer, it can be tempting to put on your shorts and tank top for a run. 4.答案:D 解析:根据上文“When running in summer, pay attention to your body, and take breaks as needed in case of overexertion which can lead to heat stroke.”可知,该部分介绍的是在夏天跑步时,要注意身体,避免过度劳累,D 选项“Hence, on top of tips above, it’s important to pace yourself.”中的“调整自己的节奏”是避免过度劳累的方法之一,符合语境。故选D。 After a hot run, drink plenty of fluids and take a few minutes to stretch. 5(　　) By cooling down properly, you’ll be able to beat the heat. In addition, it helps to regulate your body temperature and prevent muscle soreness.  A.Then, hop in a shower or take a dip in the pool. B.The heat will make it challenging to run outside. C.This will help you keep your body functioning at its best. D.Hence, on top of tips above, it’s important to pace yourself. E.So listen to your body and take breaks if you start feeling overheated or tired. F.By doing it, you can avoid the heat and crowds that often build up later in the day. G.As the weather gets warmer, it can be tempting to put on your shorts and tank top for a run. 5.答案:A 解析:根据上文“After a hot run, drink plenty of fluids and take a few minutes to stretch.”可知,该部分介绍的是在夏天跑步后,要注意身体的冷却和伸展,A 选项“Then, hop in a shower or take a dip in the pool.”是身体冷却的方法之一,符合语境。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了针灸的治疗方法以及在全球的广泛应用和认可。 (2024·河南三门峡一模)Acupuncture (针灸), a traditional Chinese medical practice, 1　　　　　　　 (be) the remedy for 2 　　　　　　　 (count) patients since ancient times. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese used stone tools to relieve pain. Over time, this primitive practice gradually evolved 3_________ a comprehensive and profound medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture.  1.答案:has been 解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since ancient times可知,句子用现在完成时,主语acupuncture表示单数意义,故填has been。 2.答案:countless 解析:考查词性转换。空处修饰名词patients,应用形容词作定语,结合句意可知,此处指“无数的”,应用形容词countless。故填countless。 3.答案:into 解析:考查介词。evolve into“演变成,发展成”,为固定短语,故填into。 4　　　　　　　 (aim) at promoting the body’s self⁃regulating functions, acupuncture emphasizes all⁃inclusive treatment, balance of bodily functions and overall physiological well⁃being, 5___________　　　　　　　 therapeutic principles are in line with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine.  4.答案:Aimed 解析:考查非谓语动词。be aimed at doing sth.“旨在,为了”,此处应用非谓语动词作状语,故填Aimed。 5.答案:whose 解析:考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是acupuncture,关系词在从句中作定语,和therapeutic principles之间是所属关系,应用关系词whose,故填whose。 Practices can vary in forms, including needle insertion, cupping and scraping. Needle insertion, 6______________most common method, 7　　　　　　　 (carry) out by inserting hair⁃thin needles into meridians, or specific points on the body that channel vital energy (the qi). Practitioners lift, twirl and rotate needles to unblock the flow of energy and stimulate the body’s innate potential to heal 8________　　　　　　　 (it).  6.答案:the 解析:考查冠词。most common是形容词最高级,其前用定冠词,故填the。 7.答案:is carried 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述一个一般性事实,应用一般现在时;主语needle insertion和动词carry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态;主语表示单数意义,故填is carried。 8.答案:itself 解析:考查反身代词。结合句意可知,此处和body是同一指代对象,应用反身代词,故填itself。 Looking beyond China, acupuncture has become a global therapy. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries, 9　　　　　　 (illustrate) its widespread recognition and application.  9.答案:illustrating 解析:考查非谓语动词。动词illustrate的逻辑主语是前面的句子,两者之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填illustrating。 With a rich history and deep cultural significance, acupuncture has seen many 10　　　　　　　 (advance) in scientific research and modern medicine, which is now an embodiment of profound cultural heritage and a historic path to healing.  10.答案:advances 解析:考查名词复数。结合空前的many可知,空处应填名词复数形式作宾语,故填advances。 $$