选修2 UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（人教版）

UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES 主题语境　跨文化交际 选择性必修第二册 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 ◆重难点词汇 五级词汇 gain vt.获得,赢得,取得;增加 n.[C]好处;[C]&[U]增加 四级词汇 behave vi.& vt.(使)表现得体,举止规矩,有礼貌 vt.表现(behaviour n.行为;举止) 　badly-/well-behaved children不守规矩/守规矩的孩子 背诵默写本 comfort vt.安慰;抚慰 n.[U]舒服,安逸;安慰;[C]令人感到安慰的人或事物(comfortable adj.令人舒适的;舒服的　uncomfortable adj.不舒服的) complex adj.(语法)复合的;复杂的;难懂的 firm n.[C]事务所;公司;商行 adj.结实的,牢固的;坚定的 involve vt.(使)参加;包含;需要;涉及,影响(involved adj.参与的;投入的　involvement n.参与) 　involve sb. in (doing) sth.让某人参与(做)某事 　be/get involved in/with参与/关注…… reasonable adj.合情理的,有道理的 setting n.[C](小说等的)情节背景;环境;背景 三级词汇 ambition n.[U]抱负,野心,雄心;[C]追求的目标;夙愿 　achieve/fulfil/realise an ambition实现抱负 ambitious adj.有抱负的;有野心的;有雄心的 budget n.[C]&[U]预算 　within/over budget在预算之内/超出预算 deny vt.否定,否认;拒绝 　there is no denying that...不可否认…… 　deny doing sth.否认做某事 depress vt.使沮丧,使忧愁,使消沉;使萧条(depression n.沮丧,抑郁　depressed adj.沮丧的,意志消沉的) edition n.[C]版次;(报纸、杂志)一份,(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑 engage vi.参加,参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣) (engaged adj.忙于,从事于;已订婚的　engagement n.订婚;约定) 　engage in(使)从事,参与 　engage sb.’s interest/attention吸引某人的兴趣/注意力 expectation n.[C]&[U]预期;期望,期待(expect v.期望,期待) 　beyond (sb.’s) expectation(s)出乎(某人)意料地 　come up to/live up to/meet/answer sb.’s expectations不负某人所望 expense n.[C]&[U]费用,花费;[C]开销 　living/household expenses生活费用/家庭开支 　at sb.’s expense由某人付费/承担费用 exposure n.[U]暴露;揭露;[常用单数]接触,体验 expose vt.使接触,使体验;显露,使暴露于(险境) 　expose...to...将……暴露于…… 　expose sb. to sth.使某人接触某物 grasp vt.掌握,理解,领会;抓紧 n.[常用单数]紧抓,紧握;控制;(对知识等的)理解,领会 motivated adj.积极的,主动的 motivation n.[U]动力;积极性;[C]&[U]动机(motivate v.成为……的动机;激励,激发) participation n.[U]参加,参与 (participant n.参与者) participate vi.参加,参与 　participate in参加,参与 recall vt.& vi.[正式用语][不用于进行时]回忆,回想起,记起 strengthen vi.& vt.加强,增强,巩固 (strong adj.强壮的　strength n.体力;优点) surroundings n.[pl.]环境;周围的事物 surrounding adj.周围的,附近的(surround vt.包围,围绕) zone n.[C]区域,(有别于周围的)地区,地带 　comfort zone舒适区,舒适范围 二级词汇 angle n.[C]角度,立场;角 applicant n.[C]申请人[apply vi.申请 vt.应用,使用;涂,敷　application n.申请(书);应用(程序)] boom vi.迅速发展,繁荣 n.[C]繁荣 cooperate vi.合作,协作,配合(cooperation n.合作;协助,配合) dramatic adj.急剧的,突然的;巨大的;戏剧(般)的(dramatically adv.突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地) 　a dramatic increase/fall/change剧增/暴跌/剧变 insight n.[U]洞察力,眼光 logical adj.合乎逻辑的,合情合理的[logically adv.合乎逻辑地　logic n.逻辑(学);道理] mature adj.成熟的(maturity n.成熟) optimistic adj.乐观的 　be optimistic about对……乐观 outcome n.[C]结果;效果 presentation n.[C]报告,陈述;[U]拿出,出示(present vt.颁发;赠送;呈递 n.礼物 adj.现在的;出席的) qualification n.[C](通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格,学历[qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格　qualified adj.有资格的;称职的] sincerely adv.真诚地,诚实地 一级词汇 adaptation n.[U]适应;[C]改编本(adapt vt.使适应;改编 vi.适应) cite vt.[正式用语]引用,引述 competence n.[C]&[U]能力,胜任;[C]本领(competent adj.有能力的;称职的) departure n.[C]&[U]离开;启程,出发(depart vi.& vt.离开;启程,出发) initiative n.[C]倡议;新方案 perspective n.[C](思考问题的)角度;观点 ◆短语与词块 1.speak up大声点说;明确表态 2.feel at home舒服自在;不拘束 3.engage in(使) 从事;参与 4.culture shock文化冲击 5.comfort zone舒适区;舒适范围 6.cost an arm and a leg(使)花一大笔钱 7.side with支持;站在……的一边 8.as far as I know据我所知 9.as far as I am concerned就我而言;依我看来 10.in summary总的来说;总之 11.generally speaking一般来说 12.improve your general competence提高你的综合能力 ◆句式表达 1.句式: it is/was the first time (that) sb. ...这是某人第一次…… It was the first time that she had left China.这是她第一次离开中国。 2.句式:疑问词+动词不定式 I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for.我不得不学习如何使用公共交通工具,如何要到我不知道英语名字的东西。 3.句式:the first time引导时间状语从句 The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。 4.句式:状语从句的省略 Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时,有些人可能会感到吃力,并承受文化冲击的折磨。 5.句式:同位语从句 To sum up,one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages,so when you think about studying abroad,you should consider these many factors.总之,出国留学有不利的一面,这个事实是不可否认的。因此当你想要到海外求学时,应当考虑上述诸多因素。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.核心词块 1. machinery 复杂的机器 2. his name 想起他的名字 3.an engineering 一家工程公司 4.a writer of great 有深刻洞察力的作家 5.arrival and times到达和离开的时间 6. the opportunity 抓住机会 7.a victory 激动人心的胜利 complex recall firm insight departure grasp dramatic 8.spare no 不惜代价 9.a and sensible attitude 成熟理智的态度 10. regulation to protect these historic sites 加强管理对这些历史遗址进行保护 11. a charge否认指控 12.in an mood 以乐观的心情 13. confidence/strength/experience 增加信心/力量/经验 14.develop a high level of in communication skills 培养较高水准的交际技巧 15. with each other相互协作 16.the final 最终结果 expense mature strengthen deny optimistic gain competence cooperate outcome Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1. n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历→______ vt.& vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格→ adj.有资格的;称职的 2. n.追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负→ adj.有野心的;有雄心的 3. n.适应;改编本→ vt.使适应;改编 vi.适应 4. n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰→ adj.令人舒适的;舒服的→ adj.不舒服的 qualification qualify qualified ambition ambitious adaptation adapt comfort comfortable uncomfortable 5. vi.参加;参与→ n.参加;参与→_________ n.参与者 6. vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);雇用→_______ adj.忙于,从事于;已订婚的→ n.订婚;约定 7. n.申请人→ vi.申请 vt.应用;使用;涂;敷→_________ n.申请(书);应用(程序) 8. n.离开;启程;出发→ vi.& vt.离开;启程;出发 9. adj.巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的→ adv.突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地→ n.戏剧;戏剧性事件 participate participation participant engage engaged engagement applicant apply application departure depart dramatic dramatically drama 10. vt.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌→ n.行为;举止 11. adj.沮丧的;意志消沉的→ vt.使沮丧;使忧愁→ n.沮丧;抑郁 12. adj.乐观的→ n.乐观主义 13. n.能力;胜任;本领→ adj.有能力的;称职的 behave behaviour/behavior depressed depress depression optimistic optimism competence competent 结合语境变形单词 14.We would like to see closer (cooperate) between parents and schools. 15.As was ,all of us achieved our goals and met our teachers’ . (expect) 16.Being to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin,so we should decrease the direct to sunlight.(expose) 17.I lived in a village by trees,and most of the trees the village were pine trees.(surround) 18.David is so he has the to do this hard work.We had better the relationship with him.(strength) cooperation expected expectations exposed exposure surrounded surrounding strong strength strengthen Ⅲ.重点短语 1. other activities 参与其他活动  2. her in the argument 在辩论中站在她的一边  3. 总的来说;总之  4. 一般来说  5. 舒适区;舒适范围  6. 文化冲击  get involved in side with in summary generally speaking comfort zone culture shock 根据语境完成句子 7.Playing sports in senior middle school can even help with college admission,which is why (他们参加各种比赛).  8.She addressed me with an easy familiarity that __________________ (让我感到毫无拘束).  9.I learn to (为我自己的需求和愿望表明态度) while respecting others’ feelings.  10.Last Saturday,I went to the Olympic Forest Park with my parents to _________________ (参与一项活动) called “I Walk,and I’m Fit”.  they participate in many kinds of games made me feel at home speak up for my needs and desires engage in an activity Ⅳ.句式仿写 1.这是我第一次向公众作演讲,因此一开始我感到有点紧张。[It is/was the first time (that) sb. ...] ,so I felt a little nervous in the beginning.  2.每次谈到自己的成就,他都把成功归功于他的队友。(时间名词短语作连词) , he owes his success to his teammates.  It was the first time that I had delivered a speech to the public Every time he talks about his achievements 3.不可否认,通过这次活动,我们学生不仅更好地了解了社会而且学会了如何帮助我们周围的人。(同位语从句) One_____________________________________________________ but also learn how to help people around us. cannot deny the fact that through this activity, we students not only have a better understanding of the society 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 背诵默写本 1.comfort n.舒服;安逸;安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物 vt.安慰;抚慰→ adj.舒适的;舒服的→ adv.舒服地→ adj.不舒服的 comfortable comfortably uncomfortable (1)be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰 in comfort舒适地 to one’s comfort 令人宽慰的是 (2)comfort sb. with sth. 用某物安慰某人 ①It was great comfort to his parents that their son came to life after that serious car accident. ②Accustomed to drinking a cup of hot tea every evening in the cold winter, I feel (comfort). ③看到我不舒服,爸爸站起来,走到我跟前,把我揽入怀中用鼓舞人心的话语温柔地安慰我。(情节描写) Seeing , my father rose to his feet, came up to me and gathered me into his arms ____________________________ _______ . a comfortable I was uncomfortable comforting me gently with inspiring words 2.engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣);雇用→_______ adj.忙于;从事于;已订婚的;占线的;使用中的→ n.订婚;约定 engaged engagement (1)engage sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 engage (sb.) in (使某人)从事;参与 (2)be engaged in忙于;从事于 ①The program aims to encourage students to engage themselves ___ making a difference in society. ②The news that she has broken off her (engage) to Charles shocked all her friends and relatives. ③尽管忙于学习,但我们高中生也应该抽出一些时间来参加户外运动。(建议信) , we senior high school students should set aside some time to .  in engagement Although (we are) engaged in study engage (ourselves) in outdoor activities 3.involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加→ adj.参与的;投入的→ n.参与;投入 involved involvement (1)involve (doing) sth. 包含;需要(做)某事 involve oneself in (doing) sth. 参与(做)某事 (2)be/get involved in参与;卷入;与……有关联;专注于 ①Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn’t want to get ________ (involve). ②中国传统文化包括书法、绘画、剪纸等。 Traditional Chinese culture ___________________________________ and so on.  ③学生们应该让自己积极参与社区活动,从中获得成长的经验。(建议信) Students should ____________________________________________ where they can gain experience for growth.  involved involves calligraphy, painting,paper-cutting involve themselves actively in community activities 4.expose vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境);揭露→_________ n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露 exposure expose...to...使……显露于……;暴露 be exposed to 暴露于……;处于……危险中 expose sth. to sb.向某人显露某事 ①The study shows that there is a direct link between __________ (expose) to the sun and skin cancer, so try to avoid exposing your skin ___ the sun. ②我从小就接触外教,因此,我能够用英语和外国人自由交流。 (申请信) →I , so I can communicate freely with foreigners in English.  →_________________________________________________ , I can communicate freely with foreigners in English.(分词短语作状语)  exposure to have been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age 5.behave vt.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌→ n.举止;行为 behavio(u)r (1)behave oneself守规矩;举止得体 (2)well-behaved adj.表现好的 badly-behaved adj.表现差的 (3)mind one’s behavio(u)r注意举止 ①I think all of us should mind our (behave) in public places. ②强烈建议你参加晚宴时要举止得体。作为一位举止得体的客人,你不应该把筷子插在食物里,或者用筷子指着其他人。(传统习俗) It is highly recommended that when attending feasts. , you shouldn’t stick your chopsticks in the food or point them at others.  behavio(u)r you (should) behave yourself As a well-behaved guest 6.It was the first time that...“这是……第一次……” [教材原句]　It was the first time that she had left China.这是她第一次离开中国。 (1)“It/This/That+was+the first/second/...time (that)+过去完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”。 (2)“It/This/That+is+the first/second/...time (that)+现在完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……”。 (3)“It is/was (about/high) time that...should do sth./did sth.” 表示“到了……做某事的时间了”,should不能省略。本句型相当于“It is/was (about/high) time for sb. to do sth.”。 ①这是我第一次写申请书,不知道是否有什么需要注意的。所以我写信请你帮忙。 , and I don’t know if there is something to pay attention to. So I’m writing to ask you to do me a favour.  ②这是我第一次在大舞台上向公众发表演讲,所以我既兴奋又紧张。 This was the first time that on a big stage, so I was excited and nervous.  This is the first time that I have written an application I had delivered a speech to the public ③到了政府应该采取有效措施来保护野生动物免于灭绝的时候了。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It is high time for the government to take effective measures to protect wildlife from extinction./It is high time that the government should take/took effective measures to protect wildlife from extinction.  7.疑问词+不定式 [教材原句]　I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for.我不得不学习如何使用公共交通工具,如何要到我不知道英语名字的东西。 (1)“疑问词+不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。 (2)在“疑问词+不定式”结构中,不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。 (3)whether后可接不定式,而if后不可以。 ①通过这次活动,我们不仅学会了如何植树,而且还更接近了自然。(活动感受) Through this activity, not only , but also we got much closer to nature.  ②随着熊的走近,我的心狂跳,不知道该怎么办。(紧张表达) With the bear approaching, my heart raced wildly, _______________ ______.  ③我正在想是否参加写作比赛,这时英语老师走了过来,告诉我这是展示我才华的好机会。 I was wondering when my English teacher came by, telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent.  did we learn how to plant trees to do not knowing what whether to participate in the writing contest Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1.Don’t expect me (finish) all the work in so little time.  2.It does benefit you if you participate a variety of after-school activities. 3.The new settler tried his best to make a quick (adapt) to the new environment. 4.(译林选必三)As you are exposed diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space. 5.The children will not be allowed to come with us if they don’t behave (they). to finish in adaptation to themselves 6.I like the place.The house is (comfort) to live in.Besides,the surroundings are satisfying. 7.That was the first time that the city (win) the bid to host the Winter Olympics.  8.Surrounding yourself people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial. 9.I realized that it was by getting (involve) in the competition that I gained more self-confidence. 10.If (expose) to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf. comfortable had won with involved exposed Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1.(2022·全国甲卷)该是我们立即采取措施保护海洋不受污染的时候了。(“time”句型) _______________________________________________________ ________ the oceans from being polluted.  2.晚上,你睡觉前摄入的脂肪越多,对你的身体造成的负担就越大。(the+比较级,the+比较级) you take in before bedtime, you will put on your body at night.  It’s high time (that) we took/should take immediate measures to protect The more fat the greater burden 3.作为个体,我们每个人都应该以一种非常负责任的方式行事。例如,我们不能把垃圾扔进海里。(behave) As individuals, each of us should . For example, we shouldn’t throw garbage into ocean.  4.如果你能就如何提高人们的海洋保护意识为我们提出其他一些有用的建议,我将不胜感激。(疑问词+不定式) I would appreciate it if you could give us other useful suggestions on .  behave in a very responsible way how to raise people’s awareness of ocean conservation 5.总而言之,让自己参与保护海洋,致力于海洋保护。保护海洋就是保护我们自己。(engage) All in all, and devote ourselves to ocean protection.To protect the ocean is to protect ourselves.  engage ourselves in protecting the ocean Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm,which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. 生义: ______ ___ 熟义:adj.复杂的;难懂的 2.Experts hold the belief that parents must be firm with their children. 生义: ___________ 熟义:n.公司 n.综合大楼 adj.严格的 3.Initially some of us didn’t fully grasp what our English teacher had taught us. 生义:______ 熟义:v.抓住 v.理解 4.dramatic A.adj.巨大的,急剧的　 B.adj.戏剧学的 C.adj.激动人心的　 D.adj.夸张做作的 (1)Dramatic pictures of the police raid on TV instantly attracted our attention. ___ (2)He flung out his arms in a dramatic gesture and rushed at me with a fake smile. ___ (3)His good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. ___ (4)(2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy. __ C D B A 培优2　单元话题写作——出国留学  　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　As for studying abroad, opinions vary from person to person.Some people support it.They think students can be exposed to (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:① ) different cultures and ②___________________(获得更多的了解) them.There is ③____________ (不可否认的是) studying abroad can make students learn ④ (如何与外国人协作). expose themselves to gain more insights into no denying that how to cooperate with foreigners However, others are against it.Tuition fees and living ⑤__________ (expense) are much higher, which can ⑥ (花费一大笔钱).Besides, some students may experience ⑦_____________ (文化冲击) and have trouble in ⑧______________________________ (适应新环境).  expenses cost an arm and a leg culture shock adapting to new surroundings 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　comfort;overwhelming;depressed;optimistic;sincerely; feel at home [动作描写]　grasp;gain;participate;motivate;expose;strengthen;side with 美句 1.Six months ago,19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and boarded a plane for London.(动作描写) 2.I was very excited but also quite nervous.(情感描写) 3.Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.(情感描写) 4.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK.(情感描写) 美句 5.British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it, so I’m keen to share my culture with them.(情感描写) 6.Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations.(比喻) 7.All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all.(主旨升华) Step 2　语料运用　【适应环境之心理描写】 　　暴露于完全陌生的环境中,我被一种无法抗拒的孤独感淹没。我是如此沮丧,以至于我感觉自己好像被扔进了一个黑暗的世界。我整天愁眉不展。幸运的是,热心的同学们真诚地激励我抓住每个机会来参加集体活动,从这些活动中,我获得了许多。 ①__________________________ ______________________(分词短语作状语), I was overwhelmed by an overwhelming sense of loneliness.②____ (倒装句) that I felt as if ③______________________________ (虚拟语气).I had a worried frown on my face every day.Luckily, the warm-hearted classmates sincerely motivated me to grasp every chance to participate in group activities, ④________________________ (定语从句). Exposed to the completely surroundings unfamiliar depressed was I I were thrown into a world of darkness from which I gained a lot So 逐渐地我不仅不拘束了,而且增强了自信心。有我的同学们支持我、安慰我,我变得越来越乐观。我脸上露出了快乐的微笑。 Gradually not only did I feel at home but also I strengthened my confidence.⑤_____________________________ (with复合结构), I became increasingly optimistic.⑥_____________________________ _________(无生命名词作主语).  With my classmates siding with me and comforting me A smile of happiness appeared on my face 语料积累 【动作细节描写:动“腿”】 单词 leg;knee;shake;buckle 词块 tired legs 疲惫的双腿;cross one’s legs盘腿;drag one’s heavy legs 拖着沉重的双腿 句型 He ran towards the finish line, his mouth dry and his legs trembling. (独立主格) 他跑向终点线,嘴发干,腿发颤。 Finally, he crossed the finish line on trembling legs. 最终,他双腿颤抖着越过了终点线。 He fell over, flat on his back with his legs wide.(with复合结构) 他摔倒了,背部着地,双腿叉开。 He dragged his heavy legs back home, tired out. 他疲惫不堪,拖着两条沉重的腿回到了家。 He sank in the sofa, crossed his legs and rested his chin on one fist, lost in deep thought. 他跌坐在沙发中,盘起双腿,用拳头支撑着下巴,陷入沉思。 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分) A 　　(2024·江苏南通高三调研测试一)Ramirez Castaneda, a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting ill. Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider scientific community. With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn’t always possible because of budget or time—and it means that some of her findings were never published. “It’s not that I’m a bad scientist,” she says.“It’s just because of the language.” Castaneda is not alone. There are plenty of researches in non-English-language papers that get lost in translation, or are never translated.A research looked through more than 400,000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found 1,234 studies providing evidence on ①biodiversity conservation which, because they weren’t in English, may have been ②overlooked. These included Japanese-language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston’s fish owl, the largest owl species. Some experts argue that for the sake of the bigger picture, scientific knowledge should converge (趋同) into one common language. Science is very globalized and becoming more so, so the use of a global language is enormous for that. Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence. The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castaneda does with indigenous (本地的) communities in the Amazon. “So we’re losing observations for science, too,” says Castaneda. “For me, it’s not possible to just have everything translated into English.We need multilingual (用多种语言的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages. It could be possible to switch to a world where,③say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章以哥伦比亚生物学家Ramirez遭遇的语言问题为例,揭示了目前有很多非英文论文无法被翻译。对此,一些专家主张科学知识应当转换为一个共同的语言——英语。但作者对此并不认同,认为这会导致国际影响力的不平等,并且有些专业术语很难用英语翻译。因此,作者希望建立一个多语种的科学世界。 1 2 3 4 1.What prevented Castaneda’s discoveries from being more widely known?(　　) A.Poor management. B.The language barrier. C.Her bad reputation. D.Opposition from her colleagues. B 1 2 3 4 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn’t always possible because of budget or time—and it means that some of her findings were never published.”可知,语言障碍阻止了Castaneda的发现被更广泛地了解。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 2.What’s the consequence of the dominant focus on English in scientific research?(　　) A.Inefficient wildlife conservation. B.A knowledge gap in the scientific world. C.A growing interest in non-English papers. D.Inadequate job opportunities for translators. B 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of course,scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence.”可推知,科学研究中以英语为主导的结果是会加强对北半球(一些国家)的依赖循环,导致国际影响力的不平等,因此这会在科学界产生知识鸿沟。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 3.What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs?(　　) A.The urgency to protect rare species. B.The need to adopt one global language. C.The challenges in translating scientific texts. D.The biodiversity on the South American continent. C 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs...”可知,作者以林蛇和林蛙为例,旨在说明一些科学研究中的文本比较难翻译,即存在挑战。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 4.What is presented in the last paragraph of the text?(　　) A.A potential solution.　 B.A theoretical model. C.A popular belief. D.A global trend. A 解析:段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.”可知,本段主要介绍Castaneda希望建立一个多语种的科学世界来解决语言障碍问题。由此可知,本段在介绍一个潜在的解决方案。故选A项。 [语境猜词] ①biodiversity (派) [bio-+diversity n.多样性] ②overlook (合) [over prep.在……上面 adv.落下+look v.看] ③say (文章义) [熟义:v.说,讲] n.生物多样性 vt.忽视 v.比如说 B 　　Globalization has ①reshaped the world in profound ways, joining nations closely together through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. While many celebrate the economic opportunities it brings, globalization also poses significant challenges to local cultures, which can be ②overshadowed by a homogenizing global culture. This raises a complex debate: Does globalization enrich local cultures or endanger them? On one hand, globalization allows for an ③unprecedented exchange of ideas, customs, and values. It exposes individuals to diverse cultures, promoting understanding and tolerance among different societies. For example, international festivals and food fairs introduce people to foreign cuisines and traditions, enriching their cultural experience and broadening their worldviews. However, the other side of this cultural exchange is often a dilution of distinct local identities. As global brands dominate markets worldwide, local businesses and traditions can struggle to survive. The widespread existence of fast food chains in cities around the world is a proof to this trend.This not only leads to the disappearance of unique cultural landmarks but also to a more homogenized global culture where local features may struggle to find a place. Furthermore, the pressure to adapt to global market demands often reshapes local cultures in ways that prioritize profitability over genuineness. Traditional crafts and practices are commercialized and removed of their original meaning to appeal to mass markets. This can lead to a shallow understanding of cultural symbols, which are ④disassociated from their rich historical contexts. Despite these challenges, globalization is not necessarily a disaster for local cultures. Many communities have turned globalization to their advantage by promoting cultural tourism and exporting local products that represent their unique traditions and histories. This not only helps preserve cultural identities but also supports local economies. In conclusion, globalization presents both opportunities and threats to local cultures. It enriches cultural understanding on a global scale while also risking the erosion of unique cultural identities. The challenge lies in finding a balance that respects and preserves local traditions while engaging with the global community. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了全球化对地方文化的双重影响, 既促进了文化的理解与融合, 也威胁到了地方文化的独特性。文章强调了在全球化背景下寻找平衡的重要性。 5 6 7 8 5.How does globalization contribute positively to cultural understanding?(　　) A.By removing all cultural differences. B.By increasing the profitability of local businesses. C.By enforcing a uniform educational system worldwide. D.By introducing people to various cultures and promoting tolerance. D 5 6 7 8 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It exposes individuals to diverse cultures, promoting understanding and tolerance among different societies.”可推知, 全球化通过使人们接触不同的文化并促进不同社会文化之间的理解和宽容, 从而对文化理解产生积极影响。故选D。 5 6 7 8 6.Which statement best describes a challenge posed by globalization to local cultures?(　　) A.Globalization promotes understanding and tolerance. B.Globalization has no significant impact on local cultures. C.Globalization leads to the loss of unique cultural landmarks. D.Globalization primarily supports local economies through cultural tourism. C 5 6 7 8 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This not only leads to the disappearance of unique cultural landmarks but also to a more homogenized global culture where local features may struggle to find a place.”可知, 全球化导致独特的文化地标消失, 以及更加同质化的全球文化, 这对地方文化来说是一个挑战。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7.What does the underlined word “dilution” in paragraph 3 mean?(　　) A.Recognition. B.Strengthener. C.Mission. D.Reduction. D 解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This not only leads to the disappearance of unique cultural landmarks but also to a more homogenized global culture where local features may struggle to find a place.(这不仅会导致独特的文化地标消失,还会导致更加同质化的全球文化,地方特色可能难以找到一席之地)”可知, 标准化的全球文化会导致独特的文化地标消失。由此可推知, 画线词与D项“Reduction(减小,降低)”意思相近。故选D。 5 6 7 8 8.What is the best title for the text?(　　) A.Globalization:A Double-Edged Sword for Local Cultures B.The Benefits of Globalization for Cultural Exchange C.Preserving Local Cultures in a Globalized World D.The Threats of Globalization to Local Identities A 5 6 7 8 解析:标题归纳题。通读全文并根据文章第一段“Globalization has reshaped the world in profound ways, joining nations closely together through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. While ...”可知, 本文主要讨论了全球化对地方文化的双重影响, 既有积极的一面, 也有挑战和威胁。由此可推知, A项“Globalization: A Double-Edged Sword for Local Cultures(全球化:地方文化的双刃剑)”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 [语境猜词] ①reshape (派) [re-+ shape n.形状 v.塑造] ②overshadow (合) [over adv.落下;翻转 prep.在……上面;穿越+shadow n. 影子;阴影 v.在……上投下阴影] ③unprecedented (派) [un-+precedented adj.有先例的] ④disassociate (派) [dis-+associate adj.有关联的,联合的] v.重新塑造 v.掩盖,遮盖 adj.前所未有的,无前例的 v.使分离,把……分开 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种走近经典作品的方法。 (2024·福建福州高三质量检测一)A majority of people do not read the classics. Their reasons begin with the language being too difficult and end with the storyline too distant to the present context. Love for classics is obviously not at first sight. 1(　　) You begin as acquaintances (泛泛之交) and eventually become close friends with private jokes. So how does one approach a classic?  A.It is a gradual process. B.Allow the book to grow with you. C.It has some forms of historical influence. D.Before you turn to page one, do some digging. E.Never beat yourself up about not knowing something. F.Remind yourself that it’s a new learning opportunity. G.Consider what confuses you,read with intention,and think critically. 1.答案:A 解析:根据上文“Love for classics is obviously not at first sight.”及下文“You begin as acquaintances and eventually become close friends with private jokes.”可知,设空处应承接上文提及的对经典作品的喜爱不是一见钟情,引出下文的逐渐与经典作品成为朋友。A项(这是一个循序渐进的过程)符合语境。故选A项。 Don’t be afraid to be confused. As is known to all, it’s hard to power through confusion. It doesn’t feel great when a book makes you confused. Every reader has to start somewhere. 2(　　) Instead, be proud of yourself for trying, and get excited about all the new things you’ll learn.  A.It is a gradual process. B.Allow the book to grow with you. C.It has some forms of historical influence. D.Before you turn to page one, do some digging. E.Never beat yourself up about not knowing something. F.Remind yourself that it’s a new learning opportunity. G.Consider what confuses you,read with intention,and think critically. 2.答案:E 解析:根据下文“Instead, be proud of yourself for trying,and get excited about all the new things you’ll learn.”中的instead可知,设空处与下文形成语义上的转折,结合选项可知,E项(永远不要因为不知道某些事物而过分自责)符合语境。故选E项。 Research, research, research. 3(　　) Researching the authors—and the time and places they were writing about—can help you situate yourself in tricky passages.The author’s experience, viewpoint,and historical context might help you make the connections you might not have otherwise.  A.It is a gradual process. B.Allow the book to grow with you. C.It has some forms of historical influence. D.Before you turn to page one, do some digging. E.Never beat yourself up about not knowing something. F.Remind yourself that it’s a new learning opportunity. G.Consider what confuses you,read with intention,and think critically. 3.答案:D 解析:根据小标题“Research, research, research.”可知,本段主要建议要做研究,D项中的digging为其同义词,因此D项(在你翻到第一页之前,做一些调查)符合语境。故选D项。 Just pick the book up. This step is self-explanatory. While it’s not hard to just pick a book up, you know how difficult it can be to convince yourself to do so. 4(　　) Take a deep breath, and then leap onto the deck (甲板) of Melville’s Pequod or step cautiously through the gates of Castle Dracula.  A.It is a gradual process. B.Allow the book to grow with you. C.It has some forms of historical influence. D.Before you turn to page one, do some digging. E.Never beat yourself up about not knowing something. F.Remind yourself that it’s a new learning opportunity. G.Consider what confuses you,read with intention,and think critically. 4.答案:F 解析:根据上文“you know how difficult it can be to convince yourself to do so”可知,开始读书前需要做好思想准备工作。故F项(提醒自己这是一个新的学习机会)能够衔接上文,符合语境。故选F项。 Remember:There is no right answer. There is no perfect way to read a classic text. There is no defining interpretation and no singular, exact answer. Your goal as a reader is to discover what aspects and insights are meaningful to you. Enjoy the process. 5(　　) Even if your interpretation of the work isn’t quite perfect, it is still valuable!  A.It is a gradual process. B.Allow the book to grow with you. C.It has some forms of historical influence. D.Before you turn to page one, do some digging. E.Never beat yourself up about not knowing something. F.Remind yourself that it’s a new learning opportunity. G.Consider what confuses you,read with intention,and think critically. 5.答案:G 解析:根据上文“Your goal as a reader is to discover what aspects and insights are meaningful to you.”和下文“Even if your interpretation of the work isn’t quite perfect, it is still valuable!”可知,此处在阐述阅读时要有自己的解读。因此G项(思考让你困惑的地方,有目的地阅读,批判性思考)承接上文,引出下文,符合语境。故选G项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国的服装从古代到现代的发展过程,同时中国传统服装被国际品牌所青睐。 China is known as Xia for its grand etiquette (礼仪) culture,and known as Hua for its beautiful attire (衣裳).With the 1____________　　　　　　 (change) in society,economic development,and cultural development,clothing has evolved over thousands of years. However,while the forms may have been changed,the essence (本质) 2　　　　　　 (remain) constant.  1.答案:change(s) 解析:考查名词。定冠词the后面用名词形式,故change在本句中作名词,表示“改变,变化”,此时change既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,故填change(s)。with the change(s) in...“随着在……方面的改变”。 2.答案:remains 解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文主要是以现在时叙述,主语the essence是单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数,故填remains。句意:然而,虽然形式可能已经改变,但本质仍旧保持不变。 In ancient China,emperors like Huangdi,Yao,and Shun brought peace to the world through their clothing.Clothing holds 3________significant place in Chinese culture.It is used not only for daily wear 4　　　　　　 (cover) the body and protect it from cold but also as an instrument of management.In ancient Chinese society,there were strict rules and dress codes about clothing.The presence of clothing distinguished civilization 5________barbarism (野蛮),while changes in color and style 6　　　　　　 (gradual) developed into a form of etiquette.Their design conveyed behavioral norms and 7　　　　　　 (they) patterns were rich in cultural significance.Moreover,ancient attire was also an important carrier of morality.China has always been known as a nation 8_________values formal attire and etiquette.  3.答案:a 解析:考查冠词。此处是说“服装在中国文化中占有一个重要地位”。place在此表示“地位”,以单数形式出现,表示泛指,应用不定冠词,significant的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。a significant place表示“一个重要的地位”。 4.答案:to cover 解析:考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式结构作目的状语,表示服装的用途,故填to cover。句意:它不仅用于日常穿着来覆盖身体并保护其免受寒冷,而且还用作管理工具。 5.答案:from 解析:考查介词。distinguish与from连用,表示“把……和……区别开来”,为固定用法。句意:服装的存在区分了文明与野蛮。 6.答案:gradually 解析:考查词性转换。修饰动词developed用副词形式,gradually“逐渐地”。 7.答案:their 解析:考查代词。修饰名词patterns用形容词性物主代词,故填their。句意:它们的设计传达了行为规范,它们的式样具有丰富的文化意义。 8.答案:that/which 解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为nation,故用that或which。 What is the Chinese style? It is something that makes people think of China as soon as they see it.For example,the horse-face skirt,which 9　　　　　　 (favor) by international brands and Chinese people for many years,will continue to be attractive.Chinese clothing,as a classical style,has been known to the world overnight with good opportunities.It’s not just a traditional costume style but also a source of 10　　　　　　 (admire).  9.答案:has been favored 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空前的which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的skirt,句子缺少谓语动词,且主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系;根据“for many years”可知,应用现在完成时;主语为单数。由此可知本空填has been favored。句意:比如,被国际品牌和中国人青睐多年的马面裙,将继续具有吸引力。 10.答案:admiration 解析:考查词性转换。介词of后面用名词作宾语,故填admiration“欣赏,赞赏”。句意:这不仅是一种传统的服装风格,而且是赞赏的一个缘由。 $$