必修3 UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版）

必修第三册 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 主题语境　绿色生活 1 【单元主题　创意背记】 板块一　词句背诵 重难点词汇 ◆五级词汇 therefore adv.因此；由此(thus) attitude n.看法；态度 背诵默写本 ◆四级词汇 desert n.沙漠 global adj.全球的，全世界的 solution n.解决办法 (v.solve) 　the solution to the issue这个问题的解决方法 electricity n.电 transport n.交通运输系统，运输方式 　different means of transportation 不同的交通方式 　pubic transportation 公共交通 recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 balance n.平衡，均衡；余额，余款 vt.& vi.(使)保持平衡；(使)均衡 　keep a balance (between A and B)(在A与B之间)保持平衡 　keep one’s balance保持平衡 　lose one’s balance失去平衡 　balance A against B权衡/比较A和B flat n.一套公寓房，一套住房 adj.平坦的 root n.树根；根源；词根 vi.& vt.(使)生根，(使)扎根 　the root cause根本原因 　be rooted in起源于，根源于 　be rooted to the spot原地不动 shoot n.芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.(shot，shot)射中；射击 institute n.机构；研究院 firm n.公司；商行 adj.坚实的；稳固的；坚定的 involve vt.参与；包含 　involve sb.in (doing) sth.使某人参与(做)某事 　be/get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联 profit n.盈利，利润 　make profits 获利 organiser n.组织者，安排者 union n.联合会 occur vi.发生；存在于 　sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事 　It occurs to/strikes/hits/comes to sb.that...某人突然想到…… agriculture n.农业(adj.agricultural) survival n.继续生存，幸存(v.survive) rate n.比率，率 overcome vt.(overcame，overcome) 克服(困难)；控制(感情) 　overcome difficulties 克服困难 　be overcome with anger/ fear/depression 被愤怒/恐惧/抑郁压倒 current adj.当前的，现时的 ordinary adj.普通的；平常的 path n.小径，小道 　the path to...……的途径 disappear vi.消失，不见(n.disappearance) resident n.居民 official n.官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的 　official language官方语言 plastic adj.塑料制的 n.塑料，塑料制品 indicate vt.表明；显示 (n.indication) ◆三级词汇 foundation n.基础；地基 founder n.创办人，创始者 region n.地区，区域 (adj.regional) determination n.决心；毅力 (v.determine； adj.determined ) former adj.以前的，从前的 　the former，the latter前者，后者 destination n.目的地；终点 container n.容器(v.contain) majority n.大多数(反minority) sum vt.概括，总结 n.金额，款项；[常用单数]总数，总和 　to sum up总之 ◆二级词汇 ocean n.海洋，大海 battery n.电池 bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 　can’t be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事 brick n.砖，砖块 poster n.海报 proposal n.建议，提议 slim adj.微小的；苗条的；薄的 quote n.引文，引用(的话) county n.县 percentage n.百分比，百分率 honey n.蜂蜜 butter n.黄油，牛油 annually adv.每年；一年一度地 overflow vi.& vt.满是，有许多；泛滥 ◆一级词汇 tap n.龙头；阀门 tissue n.纸巾 smog n.雾霾 industrial adj.工业的 extinction n.灭绝 (adj.extinct) carbon n.碳 just-me-ism n.以自我为中心，自我中心主义 *gallon n.加仑 chimpanzee n.黑猩猩 wag vi.& vt.(狗)摇(尾巴) contented adj.满意的；满足的 headstone n.墓碑 parking n.(车辆等的)停放 tracking n.跟踪 pedal vi.& vt.骑n.踏板 diagram n.图解，示意图 disposable adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的 packaging n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 yoghurt n.酸奶 air conditioning n.空调系统 landfill n.废弃物填埋场 clean-burning adj.清洁焚烧的 waste-to-energy adj.以垃圾作为能源的 footwear n.鞋类 near-surface adj.近地表的 build-up n.增长；加强 pollutant n.污染物 flooding n.水灾，洪水泛滥 核心短语与词块 1.do my part for sth.尽自己所能做某事 2.can’t be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事 3.take action 采取行动 4.all around the world 全世界 5.make sb.’s dream come true (使)某人梦想成真 6.come up with 想出，想到 7.work through 调整(情绪) 19 8.take part (in) 参加；参与 9.cut back on削减，缩减 10.to sum up 总之 11.recycle bin 回收站 12.from the roots to the leaves 从根到叶 13.shoot the arrow at the target有的放矢 14.make profits获利 15.be contented with a routine life满足有规律的生活 16.slim but strong body 稍瘦但结实的身板 20 17.click rate点击率 18.overcome one’s shortcomings克服某人的缺点 19.a current of cool air blowing in my face 吹在我脸上的一股凉风 20.walk down the path 顺着路走 21.one of the most well-known tourist destinations最著名的旅游目的地之一 22.indicate their intention表明他们的意图 21 重点句式表达 1.leave sb./sth.doing...“让某人/某物处于(某种状态)” [教材原句]　Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth... 比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流…… 2.if引导虚拟条件句 [教材原句]　Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world. 当然，如果世界上只有几个人这样，那就无所谓了。 22 3.not...but...不是……而是…… [教材原句]　The new “white bikes” were not actually white but painted in bright colours. 新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是用鲜艳的颜色粉刷的。 4.with复合结构 [教材原句]　In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! 1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”! 23 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 一、核心词汇 1. ____________ n.海洋，大海 2. ____________ n.沙漠 3. ____________ vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 4. ____________ n.一套公寓房，一套住房adj.平坦的 5. ____________ n.芽，苗；嫩枝vt.射中；射击 6. ____________ adj.坚实的；稳固的 ocean desert recycle recycle shoot firm 7. ____________ n.盈利，利润 8. ____________ adj.满意的；满足的 9. ____________ adj.微小的；苗条的；薄的 10. ____________ n.比率，率 11. ____________ vt.克服(困难)；控制(感情) 12. ____________ adj.以前的，从前的 13. ____________ adj.当前的，现时的 14. ____________ adj.普通的；平常的 profit contented slim rate overcome former current ordinary 15. ____________ adv.因此；由此 16. ____________ n.目的地；终点 17. ____________ n.居民 18. ____________ n.看法；态度 19. ____________ vt.概括，总结 20. ____________ vi.& vt.满是，有许多；泛滥 therefore destination resident attitude sum overflow 二、拓展词汇 1.electricity n.电→____________ adj.电动的→____________ adj.与 电有关的→____________ adj.电子的 2.transport n.交通运输系统，运输方式 vt.运输；传播 →_______________ n.运输；交通工具 3.balance n.平衡→____________ adj.平衡的 4.bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦→____________ adj.担心的；烦恼的 electric electrical electronic transportation balanced bothered 5.involve vt.参与；包含→____________ adj.卷入的；有关的 →_____________ n.牵连，参与 6.founder n.创办人，创始者→____________ v.创办；成立 →____________ n.基础；地基 7.occur vi.发生→____________ n.出现；发生；事件 8.agriculture n.农业→____________ adj.农业的 9.proposal n.建议，提议→____________ v.建议，提议 10.determination n.决心；毅力→____________ v.决定 →____________ adj.坚定的；坚决的 involved involvement found foundation occurrence agricultural propose determine determined 11.disappear vi.消失，不见→______________ n.消失，不见 →____________ vi.出现；似乎，显得 12.official n.官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→____________ adv.官方地→____________ n.办公室 13.majority n.大多数→____________ adj.主要的；重要的n.主修科目；主修(某科目的)学生 14.indicate vt.表明；显示→____________ n.迹象；表示；标示 15.pollutant n.污染物→___________ v.污染→____________ n.污染 disappearance appear officially office major indication pollute pollution Ⅱ.默写核心词块 1. __________________ 尽自己所能做某事  2. _______________________ 懒得做某事  3. ____________ 采取行动  4. _______________________ 全世界  5. __________________________ (使)某人梦想成真  6. _______________ 调整(情绪)  7. _______________ 想出，想到  8. _______________ 参加  9. ____________ 削减，缩减  10. ____________ 总之  do my part for sth. can’t be bothered to do sth. take action all around the world make sb.’s dream come true work through come up with take part (in) cut back on to sum up Ⅲ.完成课文佳句 1.Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way _______________________________ ______________________________________________________.  当地人和游客都喜欢使用共享单车，因为共享单车是一种既便宜又简单的方式，可以节省能源，减少空气和噪声污染，并享受城市锻炼的好处。 to save energy，reduce air and noise pollution，and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities 31 2.Last August，city officials interviewed about 500 residents ________ ________________________________________________________________________.  去年8月，城市官员采访了大约500名市民，调查了解人们对环境保护的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。 3.They’re also setting a great example for others about______________ ____________________.  他们也为其他人树立了一个很好的榜样，告诉他们如何在糟糕的情况下做到最好。 to find out people’s attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken how to make the best of a bad situation 32 4.They believe that，although recycling waste is effective，the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is _________________________________________________________________________________.  他们认为，虽然回收垃圾是有效的，但解决垃圾填埋场泛滥问题最有效的方法是鼓励人们承担起减少自己产生的垃圾的责任。 to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves 33 板块三　语基自测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)But as we’ve reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort ____________ (involve) in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. involved 34 2.People have learnt the importance of keeping a __________(balance) diet to satisfy their nutritional needs. 3.Ocean pollution is not a rare _________ (occur) all around the world，so we must take action to keep a balance between mankind and oceans. 4.He came up with a proposal that the students ____________ (study) basic knowledge hard to lay a firm foundation for further study.  5.What disappoints me is that she leaves me ____________(finish) the work by myself.  balanced occurrence (should) study to finish 35 6.Influenced by our head teacher，the ___________ of my high school classmates have ____________ in physics at university.(major) 7.I am ____________ to give up smoking.But you know，quitting smoking takes not only ______________ but perseverance.(determine) 8.The river has been seriously ____________ by the ____________ from a nearby factory，which might be faced with a large fine for the ____________.(pollute) majority majored determined determination polluted pollutants pollution Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1.You are working too hard.You’d better _________________________ _________________________________________ (保持工作和休息平衡).  2.I _____________________________ (对……感到满意) David’s determination to overcome his initial doubts and David____________ _______________________________ (对自己的表现满意) in the cross-country run. ___________________ (满意的微笑) emerged on our faces.  keep a balance between work and relaxation/balance work with/and relaxation was/felt contented/content with contented himself with his own performance A contented smile 3.It is hard for the mother to _______________________ (从悲伤中走出来) after her daughter got drowned.  4.When their children lived far away from them，these old people __________________________ (感觉与世隔绝了).  5.It was John who ____________________________ (想出好主意) of making popcorn for you to sell.  work through the sadness felt cut off from the world came up with the brilliant idea Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1.如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。(虚拟语气) If I ______________，I __________________________ with no rubbish lying on the street.  2.(译林必修三)12月20日，海底地震引起的一系列巨浪席卷了金海岸附近的海洋，造成数千人死亡。(leave) On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and______________ ________.  were a dustman would make our city cleaner left thousands dead 3.(2023·浙江1月卷)我托着那只鸟，环顾四周，想看看她是怎么进来的。(with) ____________________________，I looked around to see how she had gotten in.  With the bird in my cupped hand 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 精读真题提素养 课时作业 41 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 bother doing/to do sth.操心/费心做某事 bother sb.with/about sth.用某事打扰某人 bother sb.to do sth.麻烦某人做某事 It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是…… can’t be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事 be bothered about sth.认为……重要，关心…… 1.bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦；打扰→____________ adj.担心的；烦恼的 bothered ①To sum up，the majority of people can’t be bothered ____________ (recycle) plastic products.  ②No words are strong enough to express my heartfelt gratitude to you.Firstly，I __________________ (担心) the coming English Speech Competition a few days ago and it was you who_____________ _________________ (费心指导我) to improve my pronunciation and speech skills.Besides，I always________________________________ ____________ (麻烦你帮我解决难题) I was faced with.Whenever I ________________________________ (用我的事情打扰你)，you always offered me wonderful proposals patiently and generously.  to recycle was bothered about bothered to guide/guiding me bothered you to help me solve difficult problems bothered you with/about my matters (1)involve sb./oneself in (doing) sth.使某人参与(做)某事，使某人牵扯到某事中 involve doing sth.包括做某事；参与做某事 (2)get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于……，专心于…… 2.involve vt.参与(engage)；包含(include)；牵涉→____________ adj.有关联；参与→____________ n.参与；投入 involved involvement ①(2022·全国甲卷)The more people ____________ (involve)，the better the ocean environment is.  ②He is busy preparing for the coming College Entrance Examination，and he has little time for relaxation. →_______________________ the coming College Entrance Examination，he has little time for relaxation.(过去分词短语作状语)  are involved Involved in preparing for ③得知你们欢迎来自不同国家的学生，我想参加夏令营。(申请信) Learning that you welcome students from different countries，I’d like to _________________________________.  [特别提醒]　involved (adj.) 作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”，如an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”，the people involved“所涉及的人”。 be involved in the summer camp content oneself with满足于；使(某人)自己对……感到满足 feel/be content/contented with对……满足/满意 be content to do sth.乐于/愿意做某事 3.contented adj.满意的(satisfied)；满足的→____________ vt.使满意 n.内容；目录 adj.满意的；满足的 content ①Sometimes I doubt whether it is right to content myself ___________ what I have. ②The founder and organiser of the union was content ________(pedal) to the destination.  ③人们普遍认为，快乐的人是那些满足于自己生活的人。(演讲稿) It is widely acknowledged that happy people are those who_________ _______________________.  [特别提醒]　content和contented都是形容词，但是contented可以作定语和表语，而content常常作表语。 with to pedal are contented with their life sth.occurs to sb.某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事 It occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事 4.occur vi.(occurred，occurred，occurring)发生(happen)；出现(appear)；(想法)产生→___________ n.出现；发生；发生的事情 occurrence ①It never occurred to her ____________ (ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble.  ②他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。 →_____________________ he had left his keys in the office.(occur)  →______________ he had left his keys in the office.(hit)  →__________________ he had left his keys in the office.(strike)  to ask It occurred to him that It hit him that It struck him that (1)the proposal to do...做……的建议 (2)propose to do/doing...打算/建议做…… propose that...(should) do...建议……做…… propose sb.for/as...推荐某人担任…… 5.proposal n.建议(suggestion，advice，recommendation)，提议；求婚→____________ v.提议；建议 propose ①The official rejected the proposal ____________ (use) more disposable containers.  ②我提议我们应当循环利用塑料制品来降低白色污染。(倡议书) →_________________________________________________ to reduce white pollution.(proposal作主语)  →_____________________________________________ to reduce white pollution.(propose＋宾语从句)  →_________________________________ to reduce white pollution. (propose doing)  to use My proposal is that we should recycle plastic products I propose that we (should) recycle plastic products I propose recycling plastic products (1)determine to do...决定做……(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth.决定(做)某事 (2)be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态) (3)with determination坚定地 6.determination n.决心；毅力(persistence)→____________ v.决 定；决心；确定→____________ adj.坚定的；坚决的 determine determined ①Everywhere across our country，new heights are being scaled with dogged ____________ (determine)，and new creations and innovations are emerging every day.  ②_______________________________ (看着他坚定的脸)，I was touched by his courage.  ③他们决心继续实验，不管困难如何。 ____________________________________________________________________ 正在被攀登 determination Looking at his determined face They were determined to carry on the experiment regardless of difficulties.  (1)in a/the majority占大多数 a/the majority of大多数…… (2)major in主修…… 7.majority n.大多数；多数；多数票(反：minority)→___________ adj.主要的；重要的 vi.主修 major ①One-third of the country ____________ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____________ (be) Chinese. ②In fact，I want to major ____________ English in college and to be a bridge between China and the world. ③When it comes to education，most people believe that it is a lifetime study.(同义句改写) →When it comes to education，________________ people believe that it is a lifetime study.  is are in the/a majority of [特别提醒]　“the/a majority of＋名词”表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 break through突破 get through通过；完成；打通(电话) go through经历；仔细检查 live through经历过，经历……而未死 look through浏览 think through全面考虑 8.work through调整(情绪) 用“动词＋through”短语填空 ①I need to have a chance to get my head together and ____________ everything.  ②“I was simply ________________ a terrible experience，”Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.  ③Mr.Chen tells me that he phoned me last night but couldn’t ____________.  think through going through get through cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路) cut in插嘴 cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝 cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 cut up切碎 cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等) 9.cut back on削减，缩减 用cut的相关短语填空 ①If you can not increase sales，you must ____________ production.  ②I usually ____________ the park on my way home and to school so that I can arrive at my destination early.  ③She kept on ____________ during our conversation，which made us very bothered.  cut back on cut across cutting in take an active part in积极参加 play an important part/role in扮演重要角色；起重要作用 do one’s part for sth.尽某人所能做某事 10.take part (in)参加 ①He ___________________ (积极参加) the social benefit activities.  ②________________________________________________ (来自20个班的90名学生参加了赛跑)，among whom thirty were girls.  takes an active part in Ninety students from twenty classes took part in the race [教材原句]　Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth... 比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流…… leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语　 11.leave sb./sth.doing...“让某人/某物处于(某种状态)” ①(2022·全国乙卷)They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies ____________ (expose). ②Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ____________ (ring). ③So I often think about what exists in their painting works. →So what exists in their painting works often _____________________. (leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)  exposed ringing leaves me lost in thought [教材原句]　Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world. 当然，如果世界上只有几个人这样，那就无所谓了。 虚拟语气在if 引导的虚拟条件句中的用法： (1)若陈述的情况与现在的事实相反，则虚拟条件句用过去时(be动词应用were)，主句动词用would/should/could/might＋do的形式。 12.if引导虚拟条件句 (2)若陈述的情况与过去的事实相反，则虚拟条件句用过去完成时，主句动词用would/should/could/might have done的形式。 (3)若陈述的情况与将来的事实相反，则虚拟条件句用过去时(be动词应用were)或were to do/should do，主句动词用would/should/could/might＋do的形式。 ①You wouldn’t have been so angry if he ____________ (make) an apology for it，but I guess he didn’t mean to.  ②If I ____________ (be) you，I would pay more attention to English idioms and phrases. ③如果不是您的帮助，我就不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。 If it _______________________，I ___________________________ in the English Writing Competition.  had made were hadn’t been for your help would not have won first prize [教材原句]　In 1999，the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! 1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统，以记录它们的“一举一动”! “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”即with的复合结构，在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：with＋宾语＋doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语。 13.with＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ①With electricity ____________ (cut) off，the residents had to use a candle to light up the house. ②我的心开始咚咚跳，嘴里发干，我站起来，向舞台走去。(心理描写) ___________________________________________，I rose to my feet and headed for the stage.  ③有很多问题需要解决，我冲到医院，找到了生病的伙伴，在他的指导下，我设法完成了最后的任务。 __________________________，I dashed to the hospital and found my sick teammate and I managed to finish the last tasks with his guidance.  cut With my heart starting to beat and my mouth dry With many problems to settle Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1.____________ really bothers me that they haven’t replied to our letters. 2.It immediately occurred ____________ her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 3.As to presents，I have a ____________ (propose) that you (should) choose some with New Zealand features，which is bound to win your friend’s affection. It to proposal 4.Jack determined ____________ taking part in the cross-country run，his eyes twinkling with great determination. 5.Scientists have broken ____________ some technological barriers to make the batteries last longer. 6.If it ____________ (be) not for the atmosphere，the earth would be either very hot or very cold. 7.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural wonders ____________ (stand) side by side with historical buildings of the past. on/upon through were standing 8.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution，but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and，because of their small size and weight，they cannot ____________ (recycle).  9.We’ve got a ____________ (found) built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. 10.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was ____________ (official) unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony，opening its first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. be recycled foundation officially Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1.海洋在维持我们的生态系统平衡方面发挥着重要作用。 Oceans ___________________________________________________ ___________.  2.如果你没有及时帮我，我可能已经陷入了巨大的麻烦。(感谢信) If you ____________ me in time，I ___________________________.  3.尊老爱幼的传统深深植根于中国人的心中。 The tradition of respecting the old and taking care of the young _________________________________________.  play an important part in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem hadn’t helped could have got into great trouble is deeply rooted in hearts of the Chinese people 4.她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。 →She rested her head on her husband’s shoulder，_________________ _______________________.(独立主格结构)  →She rested her head on her husband’s shoulder，_________________ _______________________________.(with复合结构)  a smile of happiness spreading across her face with a smile of happiness spreading across her face Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 　____________ A.adj.未成熟的 B.n.绿色 C.n.绿叶蔬菜 C 2.That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. 　____________ A.vt.对……评价 B.n.比率 C.vt.值得，应得 A 3.(2023·浙江1月卷)I rushed back to the deserted house.It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. 　____________ A.n.沙漠 B.vt.背离 C.vt.遗弃 C 4.(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. 　____________ A.n.芽，苗 B.v.拍摄 C.v.射击 B 5.(2022·浙江1月卷)With help from Tesla，Westinghouse’s firm developed a system using alternating current，which soon became the major form of power delivery. 　____________ A.n.趋势 B.adj.当前的 C.n.电流 C 6.balance A.vt.使保持平衡　 B.n.平衡　 C.n.天平，秤　 D.n.余额 (1)(2024·全国甲卷)But writing the end—that’s hard.It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable，but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere，one that fits what’s right for the characters. 　____________ (2)How can you find the ball that is heavier by using a balance and only weighing twice? 　____________ A C A.vt.使保持平衡　 B.n.平衡　 C.n.天平，秤　 D.n.余额 (3)We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife conservation. 　____________ (4)I was about to pay when I found my credit card balance was low，so I had to pay in cash. 　____________ B D 培优2　单元话题写作——绿色生活 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　With an increasing number of people living a greener life ①___________________ (全世界)，our world is more and more beautiful.As a student，I advocate we students should also ②_______ _______ (尽自己所能) for an environmentally friendly world.First， we’re supposed to change the habit that we ③_________________ (懒得做) pick up the waste.Second，it’s a must that we try to all around the world do our part are not bothered to ④_____________ (参与) the struggle for the environmental protection and refuse to use ⑤___________________ (一次性用品)，such as ⑥____________ (塑料袋).Try to walk or take public transportation to ⑦____________ (缩减) carbon emissions.⑧_____________________ _____________________________________ (只有每个人都采取行动，我们才能产生巨大的影响； 倒装句).  get involved in disposable stuffs plastic bags cut down on Only when everyone takes action can we make a big difference 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [动作描写]　tap；recycle；do my part for sth.；shoot；bother；take action；wag；involve；disappear；pedal；cut back on；sum；overflow [环境描写]　ocean；smog；desert；path；flooding [情感描写]　just-me-ism；contented；overcome；determination；work through 美句 1.Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.(动作描写) 2.Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.(结尾升华句) 在一个阳光明媚的周末，我沿着小径前行时发现水面上漂浮着被遗弃的塑料。于是，我拿出随身携带的袋子，将那些塑料瓶一一拾起。 Step 2　语料运用 On a sunny weekend，①________ _______________________________________________________________________________.Without hesitation，I reached for my carry-on bag and started ②________________________________ one by one. I was walking down a path when I spotted abandoned plastics floating on the surface of the water picking up those plastic bottles 继续前行，我发现了远处的一片荒地，那里曾经是一片森林，如今却因过度砍伐而显得荒凉。我暗自下定决心要尽我所能去影响周围的人，让大家一起行动起来。 As I continued my journey，I found a desolate piece of land in the distance，which ③______ _____________________________________________________.Silently，I ④___________ ___________________________________ to influence those around me and encourage collective action. used to be a forest but now was left a deserted land due to excessive cut was determined to do everything in my power 回到家中，我制作了一个关于环保的短片，希望以此激励更多人关注环境问题，不再让“事不关己高高挂起”的自私心态阻碍我们前进。 Upon returning home，I crafted a short film about ⑤_____________________，hoping to inspire more people to pay attention to ecological issues and break free from ⑥_____________________ of “it’s none of my business”. environmental protection the just-me-ism mindset 令我吃惊的是，当视频在网络上发布后，它获得了广泛关注。许多人留言表示被触动，愿意加入环保行动。那一刻，我感到无比满足，仿佛前方有一线希望在闪耀。 To my surprise，when the video was posted online，it gained wide attention.⑦_________ __________________________，expressing a sense of being moved and a willingness to join the environmental conservation efforts.That moment，I felt immense satisfaction，as if a glimmer of hope was shining brightly ahead.  Numerous comments flooded/poured in 【情感细节描写：焦虑、担忧与无助、绝望】 语料积累 单词 anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的→anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑 worried adj.担心的，发愁的→worrying adj.令人担心的→worry vt.使忧虑，使担心 n.担心，忧虑 helpless/hopeless adj.无助的，绝望的→helplessness/hopelessness n.无助；绝望 词块 with anxiety焦虑地　be concerned/worried about担忧　be full of/filled with anxiety焦虑不安　feelings of anxiety and concern焦虑而担忧的感觉　bend one’s head in despair 垂头丧气　abandon oneself to helplessness陷入无助 be reduced to tears伤心落泪　tear at one’s heart使伤心 句型 Fog beginning to creep into the forest，I grew increasingly concerned.(独立主格结构) 雾开始悄悄进入森林，我越来越担心。 Filled with anxiety，he froze there， helpless，frowning.(过去分词短语作状语；形容词作状语) 他充满了焦虑，僵在那里，很无助，皱着眉头。 With everything swallowed by the darkness，Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear.(with复合结构) 一切都被黑暗吞没了，玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎要哭了。 句型 Worried/Concerned about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.(形容词短语作状语) 由于担心这次旅行，头几天我心神不宁。 He was so nervous about the English test that he lay awake half the night，worried.(so...that...；形容词作状语) 他对英语考试感到如此紧张，以至于大半夜都睡不着觉，心神不宁。 He gazed at the confusion around him，overwhelmed by/overcome with a feeling of despair.(过去分词短语作状语) 他凝视着周围一片混乱，感到一阵绝望。 精读真题提素养 精读真题提素养/在语篇集训中拓展单元主题 　　•阅读七选五(2021·全国甲卷) Swap，Don’t Shop! You keep hearing about recycling，right? But it doesn’t end with bottles，cans，and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make，and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?　36　. It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes，score clothes from your friends，and have a party all at the same time.  A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes，the organization of the event，and，obviously，how much fun is had. It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ·Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.　37　，and there may not be enough things to choose from； more than that，and it becomes uncontrollable.  ·　38　. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.  ·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 　39　. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.  ·Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go，” or turn on a certain song，or whatever. 　40　. And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember，it’s a party!  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。 A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 36.答案：B 解析：上文“So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?(那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的看起来完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢?)”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes，score clothes from your friends，and have a party all at the same time.(这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法)”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap (进行衣物交换)”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。 A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 37.答案：A 解析：上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.(邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择)”说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from； more than that，and it becomes uncontrollable (可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制)”说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。A项“Less people than that (少于这些人)”提出一种假设，和下文中more than that相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。 A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 38.答案：G 解析：下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的‘新’衣服带回家)”说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition (告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服)”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中bring和下文中的carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中they指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。 A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 39.答案：F 解析：上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方)”指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.(在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子)”提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots (让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上)” 说明每个人都应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。 A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 40.答案：D 解析：上文“Set a starting time.Maybe you say ‘go，’ or turn on a certain song，or whatever.(设置开始时间。也许你说‘开始’，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么)”讲到打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember，it’s a party!(别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对!)”讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。D项“Just keep music playing throughout (要始终播放音乐)”承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与上文形成意义上的一致，符合题意。 【词汇识记】 1.amount n.数量 2.pile v.堆积，积累 3.organization n.组织，机构 4.select vt.挑选；选择→selection n.选择 【难句分析】 One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on. [译文选择] A.交换的一个基本规则是，每个人在拿走衣服前都必须试穿一下 ——衣服在穿上时总会看上去不一样。 B.交换的一个基本规则是，每个人在拿走衣服前都必须试穿一下 ——衣服在穿上时和不穿时看起来的样子一样。(A) [结构分析] 句子的主语是One of the ground rules of the swap，谓语结构是should be，后面的that引导表语从句，从句中的主干部分是everyone must try on the clothes，后面是before引导的时间状语从句，破折号后是解释说明的内容，解释为什么要拿走之前试穿这些衣服。 课时作业 课时作业15 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A (2024·广东惠州第二次调研) Bike-friendly Cities around the World Cycling is kind to the environment so it is an excellent way to take in the city.Here are 4 bike-friendly cities having adopted this green mode of transport to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Montréal，Canada Montréal has already established protected bike paths since the 1980s.BIXI is the city’s bike-sharing system with 9，600 bikes and almost 800 stations.Cyclists can make their visit to the Tour de L’lle Montréal，a yearly bike ride where cyclists take to the streets for a day without any other vehicles being allowed on the roads. Malmö，Sweden Cycling in Malmö is enjoyable due to the relaxed and easy-going manner of most cyclists.The calming atmosphere makes it a great experience，even for nervous riders.A highly recommended bike route is from Ribersborg park to Limhamn Harbour，where riders can take a few good photos of the famous Oresund Bridge. Beijing，China In the 1970s，bicycles were the main mode of transportation for people in Beijing.However，dedicated (专用的) cycle paths for cyclists were limited.Only in May 2019，did the city launch its first specific cycle path.This achievement in cycling facility is worth a shout-out for a city with over 21 million people. Bogota，Colombia Bogota first introduced the concept of cycle path in 1974.The idea sees cars being banned from city roads every Sunday from 7 a.m.to 2 p.m.，helping cyclists，runners and walkers exercise safely.Since then，the city has slowly but steadily expanded the program，including setting up dedicated cycle paths.As a result，Bogota now has 550 km of bike paths and is the most bike-friendly city in Latin America. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个采用绿色交通方式来减少温室气体排放的自行车友好型城市。 1.What makes Montréal different from other cities?(　　) A.A well-developed bike-sharing system. B.The oldest protected bike paths. C.An annual bicycle event. D.The most calming effect on cyclists. 1 2 3 C 解析：细节理解题。根据Montréal，Canada部分中的“Cyclists can make their visit to the Tour de L’lle Montréal，a yearly bike ride where cyclists take to the streets for a day without any other vehicles being allowed on the roads.”可知，蒙特利尔有一年一度的自行车活动，而其他城市没有提到这样的骑自行车活动。故选C。 1 2 3 2.Which city will attract cyclists who are interested in photography? (　　) A.Beijing.　　　　　　　　 B.Malmö. C.Montréal. D.Bogota. 1 2 3 B 解析：细节理解题。根据Malmö，Sweden部分中的“A highly recommended bike route is from Ribersborg park to Limhamn Harbour，where riders can take a few good photos of the famous Oresund Bridge.”可知，Malmö会吸引对摄影感兴趣的骑行者。故选B。 3.What do Beijing and Bogota have in common?(　　) A.Improvement in cycling facility. B.Shift in primary means of transportation. C.Regular investment in building bicycle paths. D.Multiple specific cycle paths connecting districts. 1 2 3 A 解析：细节理解题。根据Beijing，China部分中的“Only in May 2019，did the city launch its first specific cycle path.This achievement in cycling facility is worth a shout-out for a city with over 21 million people.”和根据Bogota，Colombia部分中的“Bogota first introduced the concept of cycle path in 1974.The idea sees cars being banned from city roads every Sunday from 7 a.m.to 2 p.m.，helping cyclists，runners and walkers exercise safely.Since then，the city has slowly but steadily expanded the program，including setting up dedicated cycle paths.”可知，北京和波哥大都进行了自行车设施的改善。故选A。 1 2 3 B (2024·山西太原一模)Pick up any packaged processed food，and there’s a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be “natural flavor”.The ingredient sounds good，particularly in contrast to “artificial flavor”.But what exactly does natural flavor mean? It refers to extracts (提取物) got from natural sources like plants，meat or seafood.When consumers see “natural flavor” on a label，they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottle.They know even though natural flavor must come from natural sources，it needn’t all come from the plant or meat.For example，orange flavor might contain not only orange extract，but also extracts from bark and grass.Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made. So if flavors like orange are needed，why not just use oranges? The answer comes down to “availability，cost and sustainability”，according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota.“If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda，” Reineccius says，“you don’t have any grapes for wine making； the products are going to be exorbitant； besides，what do you do with the by-products you create after you’ve squeezed all the juice out of the grape?” Actually，while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients，artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially.The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing.“Many of these products have health titles，” says Platkin，professor from Hunter College.“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier，though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.Natural flavors may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.” Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavors are，so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavors”.Reineccius also offers some simple guidance：“Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavors’.Buy it because you like it.” 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了天然风味的来源、使用天然风味的原因及天然风味和人造风味的区别。 4.Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to paragraph 1?(　　) A.It comes from 100% original fruit. B.It is nothing but advertising tricks. C.It certainly contains extracts made in the lab. D.It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors. 4 5 6 7 D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.”可知，D选项“‘天然风味’果汁绝对比添加人工香料的果汁安全”属于误解。 4 5 6 7 5.What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in paragraph 2 probably mean?(　　) A.Popular. B.Expensive. C.Durable. D.Innovative. 5 6 7 4 B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“‘If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda，’ Reineccius says，‘you don’t have any grapes for wine making； the products are going to be exorbitant’”可知，葡萄汽水百分百由葡萄制成，这个产品会变得昂贵，故画线词exorbitant意思是“昂贵的”。 6.Why do companies use natural flavors in their products?(　　) A.To cut the costs. B.To promote the sales. C.To advocate a healthy diet. D.To avoid food safety issues. 5 6 7 4 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing.”可知，公司在他们的产品中使用天然香料是为了营销。 7.What can we conclude from the text?(　　) A.Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives. B.Natural flavors are more environmentally friendly. C.Customers are misled into ignoring labels on packaging. D.Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think. 5 6 7 4 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier，though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.”可知，天然风味和人工风味比你想象的更相似。 135 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) Romero is an 84-year-old man.He owes his 　1　 to his pet dog，Palomo，who took 　2　 to him after he got lost in the desert for a week.  On November 27，Romero left his home for a short trip，but he didn’t come back 　3　.His family wasn’t 　4　 at first as he used to visit nearby villages in the area and would be back a few days later. However，after four days，the man’s niece，Ramona，panicked and 　5　 it to the local authorities.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 The police with trained dogs were brought in to 　6　 Romero. They searched the area around，but a week after his 　7　，Romero was nowhere to be found.That’s when the old man’s faithful dog，Palomo，was brought in as the last 　8　.  According to one member of the search team，the brown dog 　9　 them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been 　10　.His niece told the authorities that Romero sometimes had poor memory and that 　11　 his getting lost on his trip.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 The 　12　 weak man was rushed to the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet.One officer posted online that “Palomo 　13　 by the hospital door day and night waiting for the 　14　 of its beloved Romero.The unconditional love of his pet allowed Romero to be 　15　 with his family”.A photo of Palomo staying by Romero’s side after he came back home was along with these words.  　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只名为Palomo的宠物狗带着救援人员在沙漠中救了主人Romero的故事。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1.A.promotion B.poverty C.survival D.identity 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：promotion“促进，提升”；poverty“贫穷”；survival“幸存”；identity“身份，认同”。根据下文“after he got lost in the desert for a week”和“A photo of Palomo staying by Romero’s side after he came back home was along with these words.”可知，Romero在沙漠中迷路一周后存活下来。故选C。 2.A.rescuers B.strangers C.fighters D.hunters 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文“According to one member of the search team”可知，此处指救援人员。故选A。 3.A.by turn B.at times C.in advance D.as usual 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：by turn“轮流地”；at times“有时候”；in advance“提前”；as usual“像往常一样”。根据上文“Romero left his home for a short trip，but”可知，他没有像往常一样回来。故选D。 4.A.inspired B.concerned C.satisfied D.confused 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：inspired“受鼓舞的”；concerned“担心的”；satisfied“感到满意的”；confused“困惑的”。根据下文“as he used to visit nearby villages in the area and would be back a few days later”可知，因为知道他的习惯，所以他的家人一开始并不担心。故选B。 5.A.reported B.exposed C.transported D.introduced 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文“However，after four days，the man’s niece，Ramona，panicked”可知，Romero四天还没回来，家人报警了。故选A。 6.A.employ B.assess C.convince D.seek 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：employ“雇用”；assess“评价，评定”；convince“使相信”；seek“寻求”。根据下文“They searched the area around”可知，警察带着警犬寻找Romero。故选D。 7.A.disappearance B.competition C.graduation D.consumption 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：disappearance“消失”；competition“竞争，比赛”；graduation“毕业”；consumption“消费”。根据上文“after he got lost in the desert for a week”可知，Romero消失了一周。故选A。 8.A.conclusion B.suggestion C.attempt D.defence 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：conclusion“总结，结束”；suggestion“建议”；attempt“尝试”；defence“防御”。根据上文“They searched the area around，but a week after his 　7　，Romero was nowhere to be found.”可知，寻找了一段时间没有找到Romero，警察准备让他的宠物狗做最后的尝试。故选C。  9.A.spotted B.dragged C.pointed D.guided 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据上文“his pet dog，Palomo，who took 　2　 to him after he got lost in the desert for a week”可知，这只狗带着救援人员寻找Romero。故选D。  10.A.defeated B.trapped C.cheated D.permitted 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文“finally to the place in the desert where Romero”可知，最终到达了Romero被困的地方。故选B。 11.A.accounted for B.made out C.cared about D.resulted from 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：account for“解释，说明……的原因”；make out“理解，辨认出”；care about“关心”；result from“由于”。根据上文“that Romero sometimes had poor memory”可知，他的侄女向当局解释了Romero迷路的原因。故选A。 12.A.strangely B.equally C.suddenly D.obviously 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：strangely“奇怪地”；equally“平等地”；suddenly“突然”；obviously“明显地”。根据下文“the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet”可知，很明显Romero很虚弱。故选D。 13.A.hesitated B.remained C.shouted D.whispered 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文“by the hospital door day and night waiting for the 　14　 of its beloved Romero”可知，Palomo停留在医院门口等待Romero的康复。故选B。  14.A.responsibility B.cooperation C.recovery D.arrival 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：responsibility“责任”；cooperation“合作”；recovery“恢复”；arrival“到达”。根据上文“Palomo 　13　 by the hospital door day and night waiting for”可知，Palomo守在医院等待主人恢复健康。故选C。  15.A.compared B.associated C.reunited D.pleased 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据上文“He owes his 　1　 to his pet dog，Palomo，who took 　2　 to him after he got lost in the desert for a week.”可知，Romero获救了，因此得以与家人重聚。故选C。  二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 核心 单词 Para.2：establish v.建立　vehicle n.车辆 Para.3：atmosphere n.氛围 Para.4：launch v.发起，发行　specific adj.专门的　facility n.设施 Para.5：concept n.概念　expand v.扩大 核心 短语 Para.1：mode of transport 交通模式　gas emissions气体排放 Para.2：the bike-sharing system共享单车系统 B 篇 核心 单词 Para.1：decent adj.相当不错的　ingredient n.成分，原料　flavor n.调料　assume v.假定，认为　extract v.提取，提炼 n.提取物 Para.4：transparent adj.透明的，清澈的；显而易见的 第6题C选项：advocate v.拥护，支持，提倡 核心 短语 Para.1：in contrast to和……相比 Para.2：come down to可归结为，可归纳为 B 篇 词缀 变形 Para.1：artificial adj.人造的→artificially adv.人造地 Para.2：availability n.可用性，可得性→available adj.可用的，可获得的；有空的　sustain v.维持，保持，使持续→sustainable adj.可持续的→sustainability n.持续性 Para.3：nutrition n.营养→nutritional adj.营养的→nutritionally adv.在营养上　emission n.排放物→emit v.排放 课时作业16 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Madagascar’s extremely improbable wildlife may be thanks to dozens of dramatic oceanic journeys that would put Robinson Crusoe to shame，says a new study. “It seems like a far-fetched idea that animals could survive moving across the sea，” says Matthew Borths，a researcher at Duke University.But a comparison of genetic data from modern Malagasy species with the fossil (化石) record of their ancestors from the African mainland has revealed that this is likely what happened for most land animals，according to the research，published in May in the journal Biological Reviews. Animals from mainland Africa would have been trapped on large rafts (木筏) of vegetation and floated to Madagascar，where they eventually evolved into the wildlife we know today.Some 95 percent of wildlife are endemic to the country，which means they live nowhere else in the world. Scientists have three major theories to explain how land animals got to Madagascar：The species were there before Madagascar divided and became an island，they swam and/or rafted across from mainland Africa when currents flowed that way，or they crossed land bridges that might have existed at different periods. In their study，Jason Ali，the study co-author，and Blair Hedges，a biologist at Temple University，pulled together a large amount of previously published research to test each of these possible origin stories. The team compared the genes of 28 groups of land animals，including animals from modern-day Madagascar，with the genes of species on mainland Africa that are the closest relatives. Based on this information，they calculated the likely time when the ancestor of each species group likely arrived in Madagascar，and then evolved into something new. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究人员通过对比基因数据，试图解释马达加斯加岛上为何生活着各种奇特的动物。 1.What does the research find about the animals in Madagascar?(　　) A.They come from mainland Africa. B.They are good at swimming. C.They are the same as those in Asia. D.They tend to live on the coast. 1 2 3 4 A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But a comparison of genetic data from modern Malagasy species with the fossil record of their ancestors from the African mainland has revealed that this is likely what happened for most land animals，according to the research，published in May in the journal Biological Reviews.”和第三段第一句可知，马达加斯加岛上的动物的祖先来自非洲大陆。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 2.What does the underlined word “endemic” probably mean in paragraph 3?(　　) A.Friendly.　　　　　　 B.Native. C.Unknown. D.Useful. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“which means they live nowhere else in the world”可知，它们在世界上其他地方都找不到，也就是说大约95%的野生动物是这个国家特有的。由此可知，画线词与native的意思最接近。故选B项。 3.How did Jason Ali’s team conduct the study?(　　) A.By collecting origin stories in the field. B.By observing wildlife in the forest. C.By teaming up with the locals. D.By comparing the published data. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“pulled together a large amount of previously published research to test each of these possible origin stories”以及第六段中的“The team compared the genes of 28 groups...that are the closest relatives.”可知，Jason的团队主要是通过汇集已公布的研究成果，对比基因数据来进行研究工作的。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 4.Which can be the suitable title for the text?(　　) A.Why Is Madagascar’s Wildlife So Unique? B.When Did Animals Arrive in Madagascar? C.How Did Scientists Study Fossils in Africa? D.What Makes Animals in Africa Evolve Slowly? 1 2 3 4 A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍科学家们通过分析和对比基因数据，试图找到马达加斯加岛上生活着各种奇特动物的原因。第一段中的thanks to与A项中的Why相呼应。故选A项。 B (2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测一)Concrete has served as the foundation stone of the construction industry for hundreds of years.However，the process of producing concrete is one of the most environmentally unfriendly processes in the world. In the process，not only is carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) released into the air by the energy used to heat the limestone，but the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element. Luckily，a number of start-ups throughout the world are using creative thinking to make the construction industry a whole lot more friendly for the planet. A Canadian company has found a way to inject (注入) concrete with carbon dioxide itself.Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete，keeping it from running away into the atmosphere，but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate，which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used. California-based Brimstone is creating carbon-negative concrete by doing away with limestone entirely and instead using silicate rock，a material that does not release carbon dioxide when heated. Instead，the process produces magnesium (镁)，which absorbs carbon dioxide，as the basis for their concrete. Additionally，researchers at Australia’s RMIT University have recently released a study showing that adding coffee grounds instead of sand to concrete could make it much stronger，reducing both the amount of sand used，as well as the amount of concrete that would need to be used in the final product. The biggest barrier at this point is convincing members of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used，according to Stacy Smedley，director at a nonprofit focused on decarbonizing construction. Hopefully these new solutions to the environmental problems of concrete will soon be widely adopted.Given the significant part the construction industry has in releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，great improvements can be made when more environmentally friendly materials are used. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种更环保的生产混凝土的方法，及其面临的机遇和挑战。 5.What is the environmental issue associated with traditional concrete production?(　　) A.The high demand for energy. B.The processing of waste materials. C.The mass release of carbon dioxide. D.The use of non-renewable resources. 5 6 7 8 C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the process，not only is carbon dioxide released into the air by the energy used to heat the limestone，but the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.”可知，与传统混凝土生产相关的环境问题是二氧化碳的大量释放。故选C。 5 6 7 8 6.How does the Canadian company deal with the environmental impact of concrete production?(　　) A.By using silicate rock as the basis. B.By putting carbon dioxide into concrete. C.By replacing sand with coffee grounds. D.By absorbing carbon dioxide with magnesium. 5 6 7 8 B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A Canadian company has found a way to inject concrete with carbon dioxide itself.”可知，该公司的方法是将二氧化碳注入混凝土中，以防止其飘散到大气中，从而减少混凝土生产对环境的不良影响。故选B。 5 6 7 8 7.According to Smedley，what is the major challenge with these solutions?(　　) A.Difficulty in making profits. B.Convincing the public of the convenience. C.Lack of funding for research. D.Removing the industry members’ safety concerns. 5 6 7 8 D 177 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The biggest barrier at this point is convincing members of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used，according to Stacy Smedley，director at a nonprofit focused on decarbonizing construction.”可知，Stacy Smedley认为这些解决方案面临的主要挑战是消除业内人士对新型混凝土的安全性能的顾虑。故选D。 5 6 7 8 178 8.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?(　　) A.To promote an alternative to concrete. B.To advocate environmental protection. C.To introduce new ways to produce concrete. D.To emphasize the significance of creativity. 5 6 7 8 C 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了几种更环保的生产混凝土的方法。由此可推知，作者的目的是介绍一些生产混凝土的新方法。故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了微塑料无处不在，介绍了一些可以避免微塑料的方法。 180 (2024·湖南长沙适应性考试)Microplastics are found almost everywhere in food，drinking water，cosmetics (化妆品)，household products.1(　　) However，there are steps we can take to minimize our microplastic intake.  A.Using metal or glass coffee cups B.Avoiding using plastic material for hot food C.Remember：do place them in a non-plastic plate. D.Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you’re on the go. E.It’s almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives. F.Whatever you eat，never put it in a plastic container considering heath. G.Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives. 1.答案：E 解析：根据上文“Microplastics are found almost everywhere in food，drinking water，cosmetics，household products.”可知，上文提到了微塑料无处不在，即想要摆脱塑料是不可能的。故E选项符合语境。 Avoiding reheating takeaway food in plastic boxes Any time plastic containers are heated，chemical changes in the material mean it can leach (浸出) micro-particles into your food.If you can’t avoid the takeaway boxes，try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers.2(　　) A.Using metal or glass coffee cups B.Avoiding using plastic material for hot food C.Remember：do place them in a non-plastic plate. D.Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you’re on the go. E.It’s almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives. F.Whatever you eat，never put it in a plastic container considering heath. G.Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives. 2.答案：C 解析：根据上文“If you can’t avoid the takeaway boxes，try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers.”可知，上文提到不要在外卖盒里加热食物，由此可知，本句是说明加热剩菜的正确做法。故C选项符合语境。 Employing a glass water bottle instead of a plastic one Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water，meaning someone who only drinks bottled water would take in 130，000 more particles a year，compared to 4，000 from tap water.3(　　) They also suggest filling it with water that has gone through a reverse osmosis filter (反渗透过滤器) which can help to remove the microplastics in tap water.  A.Using metal or glass coffee cups B.Avoiding using plastic material for hot food C.Remember：do place them in a non-plastic plate. D.Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you’re on the go. E.It’s almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives. F.Whatever you eat，never put it in a plastic container considering heath. G.Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives. 3.答案：D 解析：根据上文“Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water，meaning someone who only drinks bottled water would take in 130，000 more particles a year，compared to 4，000 from tap water.”可知，上文提到了瓶装水会导致摄入微塑料，由此可知，本句是在建议避免摄入微塑料的正确做法。故D选项符合语境。 4(　　) The heat of the coffee will encourage the plastic to leach into your drink.Instead，bring a reusable glass or metal cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a cafe.It is both environmentally friendly and good for health. A.Using metal or glass coffee cups B.Avoiding using plastic material for hot food C.Remember：do place them in a non-plastic plate. D.Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you’re on the go. E.It’s almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives. F.Whatever you eat，never put it in a plastic container considering heath. G.Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives. 4.答案：A 解析：根据下文“The heat of the coffee will encourage the plastic to leach into your drink.Instead，bring a reusable glass or metal cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a cafe.It is both environmentally friendly and good for health.”可知，本段的建议是使用可重复使用的玻璃或金属杯，故选A项。 Stopping chewing on the end of pens 5(　　) Put away or stop purchasing baby chewing toys or dummies (玩偶) which are particularly harmful because they go in the mouth.Similarly，a researcher recommends that adults stop chewing on the end of pens.  A.Using metal or glass coffee cups B.Avoiding using plastic material for hot food C.Remember：do place them in a non-plastic plate. D.Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you’re on the go. E.It’s almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives. F.Whatever you eat，never put it in a plastic container considering heath. G.Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives. 5.答案：G 解析：根据下文“Put away or stop purchasing baby chewing toys or dummies which are particularly harmful because they go in the mouth.Similarly，a researcher recommends that adults stop chewing on the end of pens.”可知，下文提到收起或停止购买婴儿咀嚼玩具或玩偶，以及成年人不要嚼笔的末端，即要从生活中发现微塑料的来源，故G选项符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·广东广州一模)A skywell，or “tian jing” in Chinese，is a typical feature of a traditional home in Southern and Eastern China. They are commonly seen in homes 1. ____________ (date) to the Ming and Qing Dynasties，which 2. _____________ (design) to house different generations of relatives.Despite their varied sizes and designs，these skywells are typically square and located in 3. _______ heart of the house.They serve to allow in light，enhance airflow，and harvest rainwater.  dating were designed the Since decades ago，the government 4.______________________ ____________ (advocate) green buildings，promoting environmentally friendly practice.The increased interest towards traditional Chinese architecture is leading 5.____________ the restoration of historic buildings with skywells for modern use.Architects are also looking towards the principles behind skywells while designing new buildings 6.__________ (save) energy.The Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong Province，for example，brings natural airflows into every floor with internal “windpipes”7.____________ function in a similar way to skywells.The aim is to keep the building’s temperature 8. ___________ (comfort) in all seasons，using only natural airflow.  has been advocating/has advocated to to save which/that comfortable The fact that skywells still exist today shows 9._________ clever ancient builders were in using nature’s elements to create energy-sufficient and sustainable living spaces.These timeless architectural 10. ____________ (wonder) continue to inspire architects in their efforts to find green solutions for cooling homes and buildings. how wonders 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 核心单词 Para.1：improbable adj.不可能的；不大可能的　dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人印象深刻的 Para.2：far-fetched adj.牵强的；难以置信的 Para.3：evolve v.进化 熟词生义 Para.4：current 常用义：adj.当前的；现在的　文章义：n.洋流 核心短语 Para.5：pull together把……串到一起 A 篇 难句 分析 But a comparison of genetic data from modern Malagasy species with the fossil (化石) record of their ancestors from the African mainland has revealed that this is likely what happened for most land animals，according to the research，published in May in the journal Biological Reviews.(Para.2) 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句，其中包含what引导的表语从句；published in May in the journal Biological Reviews为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰research。 译文：但是，根据今年五月份发表在《生物学评论》杂志上的这项研究，通过比较现代马达加斯加物种的基因数据与其非洲大陆祖先的化石记录，发现大多数陆地动物可能都经历了类似情况。 B 篇 核心 单词 Para.1：foundation n.基础　release v.释放 Para.4：basis n.基础，要素；原因，缘由 Para.6：barrier n.障碍，阻力，关卡　convince v.使相信；说服 Para.7：adopt v.采用(某方法) 核心 短语 Para.1：give out发出 Para.2：a whole lot非常，很 Para.4：do away with废除，取消，结束 B 篇 词缀 变形 Para.2：creative adj.创造(性)的→create v.创造 Para.5：additionally adv.除此之外，此外→additional adj.附加的，额外的→addition n.增加物；增加，添加→add v.增加 难句 分析 Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete，keeping it from running away into the atmosphere，but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate，which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used.(Para.3) B 篇 难句 分析 分析：本句为“not only...but also...”结构，其中keeping it from...atmosphere为现在分词短语作结果状语；called calcium carbonate为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰material；which reduces...为which引导的非限制性定语从句，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰concrete。 译文：这不仅可以将二氧化碳困在混凝土中，防止其逃入大气中，而且还可以产生一种叫碳酸钙的超强材料，从而减少需要使用的混凝土总量。 $$