课时作业(11) Unit 3 Period 3（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(十一)　Unit 3　Period 3 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back—by eating healthier. The pull of junk food can be super-strong. It's designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food. Professor Christopher Bryan says, “Food companies want you to want junk food.” They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food. Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fit-looking pop stars and smiling, active teens. “We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them，” Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is bad, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when you're older. After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods. 1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1? A．To express his doubts about junk food. B．To promote the idea of healthy eating. C．To describe the situation of junk food. D．To introduce the topic for discussion. 2．What remains a great health challenge to doctors? A．Making people do more exercise. B．Making people eat healthily. C．Making people lose weight. D．Making people prefer junk food. 3．What message does Paragraph 3 mainly try to convey? A．What makes junk food almost impossible to resist. B．What influences junk food can have on consumers. C．How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food. D．Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Bryan's lessons? A．Shocking.　　　　　 B．Popular. C．Effective. D．Abstract. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。 1．解析：选D　推理判断题。第一段最后一句指出：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。可以推断出，文章第一段中提及那两个问题“Do you know that junk food isn't healthy？你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？”和“Do you eat it anyway？你仍然还吃垃圾食品？”是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选D。 2．解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。故选B。 3．解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到“它们(食品公司)花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，使人们几乎无法抗拒”， 接着还举例说“它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。故选C。 4．解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段主要介绍Bryan(布莱恩)给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课，再根据文章最后一段“After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.”可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。由此可以推断， Bryan的课是有效的。故选C。 B The US food author M．F.K. Fisher once wrote about humans, “First we eat, and then we do everything else.” This is why each year we celebrate World Food Day, which falls on Oct.16. But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to country. For example, things like chicken feet, duck heads, and pig brains are commonly eaten in Asia. If you asked most Westerners to try one of these things, though, the very thought of it would probably be enough to make them give up meat altogether. At the same time, however, the majority of people in Western nations regard themselves as meat eaters. So, what could be the reason behind this double standard? There are a number of possible answers to that question, yet one major reason could lie in recent cultural changes. During the mid-20th century and the years following it, eating most parts of an animal was common in many Western countries such as the UK—perhaps owing to rationing(定量配给政策) as a result of World War Ⅱ(1939—1945)． But later, during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased, wrote Francesco Burnett, author of Cultural History of Meat: 1900—The Present. Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tended not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢), the public's attitude to meat soon shifted. “The ‘animal' gradually disappeared from meat, and people's ignorance about what animal the meat they ate came from increased，” Burnett added. As a result, it's believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than something that came from an animal. However, this theory may go even further back if we look at the words the English language uses to describe meat. “We‘de-animalize’ certain foods that we eat by giving them different names，” Hal Herzog, author of Some We Love, Some We Hate, Some We Eat：Why It's So Hard to Think Straight About Animals, told the online magazine Grist. “We don't say it's the cooked pig; we say it's pork. And we don't say the hamburger is made of the cow; we say it's made of beef.” So it seems that there's not one simple answer to this question. When it comes to eating meat, however, perhaps we should simply just enjoy the taste. 5．The main purpose of the first three paragraphs is to . A．introduce various food cultures B．stress Westerners' love for food C．show differences in Chinese and Western food cultures D．draw attention to Westerners' “de-animalized” meat 6．What does the underlined word “ignorance” mean in Paragraph 6? A．Blindness. B．Fear. C．Misunderstanding. D．Challenge. 7．What changed people's attitudes toward meat in the 1960s and 1970s? A．The words used to describe meat. B．The rise of supermarkets. C．The need for a healthier lifestyle. D．The introduction of highways. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。大多数西方人不吃鸡爪、鸭头之类的东西，然而，与此同时，西方国家的大多数人认为自己是肉食者。文章分析了这种双重标准背后的原因。 5．解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to country.”可知，不同国家的食物文化有很大的差异，所以前三段的目的是介绍不同的饮食文化，故选A。B项提到西方人对食物的喜爱，而前三段主要探究食物文化的差异；文章的前三段并没有把中国的食物文化和西方的食物文化拿来做对比，对比对象发生了偏差，故排除C项；D项提到将注意力吸引到西方人的“去动物化”的肉类，显然也不是前三段的目的。 6．解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“The ‘animal’ gradually disappeared from meat”，再根据第七段“As a result, it's believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than something that came from an animal.”可知，许多西方文化慢慢地开始将肉类仅仅视为一种食品，而不是来自动物的东西，也就是人们对肉的来源并不了解。“ignorance”与“blindness”意思接近，在此处意为“不了解”，故选A。B项“恐惧；害怕”；C项“误解”；D项“挑战”。 7．解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased”可知，在20世纪60年代和20世纪70年代，随着公路在美国和英国的引入，超市在这些国家普及开来，以及第六段中的“Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tended not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢), the public's attitude to meat soon shifted.”可知，由于很少售卖像头、四肢这样的动物部位的超市的普及和便利，公众对于肉的态度很快发生了变化。所以是超市的兴起改变了人们对肉的态度。故选B。A项“用来描述肉的词汇”；C项“对更健康的生活方式的需求”；D项“公路的引进”。本题容易误选D，学生们没有弄明白人们对肉的态度转变是什么造成的，错误认为是因为公路的引进。公路的引进造成的结果是超市的普及，而超市的普及造成人们对肉的态度的改变，这是直接原因。 Ⅱ.七选五 The 2019-nCoV has changed every aspect of our lives, including our eating habits.Comfort food was made for times like these. 1 Many people are eating differently from what the trend suggests.Shopping habits have shifted in favor of convenience foods with long shelf lives that are designed to deliver pleasure. No judgment here. 2 To make more money, busy parents are putting breakfast, lunch and dinner on the table between video conferences.Besides, convenience foods are engineered to taste good and make us feel good. 3 That's because a growing body of research is showing that green food choices not only affect our waistlines. 4 That does not happen in the “I can't believe I ate a dozen cookies in one siting” sort of way.Rather, there may be something in the food we' re eating that's influencing our state of mind. Nutritional psychology argues that modern Western diets have contributed to increased rates of mental illness, particularly depression.Diets rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains have been linked with lower rates of depression. 5 As a third of all Americans are reporting that the 2019-nCoV pandemic has caused damage to their mental health, we might need green food more than ever. A．Money is tight in many households. B．Perhaps we are bored with routine work now. C．What we drink probably affects our family atmosphere. D．Our food choices are also changing the quality of our life. E．A diet change of just a few weeks has been found to lift moods. F．But you might want to save room for something green on your plate. G．It seems the healthy-food trend that took root in recent years is changing. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了新冠病毒流行期间，绿色食物比方便食物在对人类精神的抚慰方面有更大的优势。 1．解析：选G　根据下一句中“the trend”可知，本句应该提到“趋势”。且G项“近年来根深蒂固的健康食品趋势似乎正在发生变化”中的“changing”与后文中的“eating differently”相呼应。故选G。 2．解析：选A　根据上文“No judgment here.(这里不做评断)”及后一句可知，为了赚更多的钱，忙碌的父母们在视频会议之间把早餐、午餐和晚餐放在桌子上。可推知，此处的句意与经济状况有关。A项表示大多数的家庭经济紧张，符合此处逻辑。故选A。 3．解析：选F　上一段讲述方便食品的优点，根据下一句可知，这是因为越来越多的研究表明，选择绿色食品不仅会影响我们的腰围。可推知，此处意思发生转折，且与绿色食品有关，F项“但你可能想留点空间吃盘子里的绿色食物”符合此处逻辑。故选F。 4．解析：选D　根据前一句可知，这是因为越来越多的研究表明，选择绿色食品不仅会影响我们的腰围。可推知，这是绿色食品的好处，此处应该进一步说明绿色食品对其他方面的影响。根据前句中的“not only”推测，D项表示食物的选择也影响生活的质量，符合逻辑，与下文“influencing our state of mind”呼应。故选D。 5．解析：选E　根据上文可知，本段讲述饮食习惯与抑郁症等精神类疾病的关系，水果、蔬菜、全谷物之类的食物与较低的抑郁症患病率有关，E项(研究发现，短短几周内改变饮食习惯就能改善情绪)是对上一句的补充，符合此处语境。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims. Students in the study became 1 even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald's so quickly on screen that they could not 2 it. Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on 3 making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the 4 goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.” Thinking about fast food increases 5 for time-saving products. “More 6 , we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people's willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate 7 over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.” Student volunteers were quickly show six logos from fast-food chains—McDonald's, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy's and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was 8 . Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than 9 versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week's time, they again chose 10 reward after being exposed to the brands. Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada's Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate 11 .The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food 12 whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “ 13 , walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it's a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.” “We're finding that the mere exposure to fast food is 14 a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no 15 at all.” 1．A.hungry　　　　　 B．stressful C．nxious D．timid 2．A.recognize B．investigate C．diagnose D．recall 3．A.motivation B．appearance C．emotion D．behaviour 4．A.common B．unconscious C．primary D．temporary 5．A.preferences B．implications C．ingredients D．intentions 6．A.naturally B．strikingly C．fortunately D．personally 7．A.gain B．proof C．respond D．attention 8．A.concealed B．imposed C．edited D．marked 9．A.separate B．special C．expensive D．original 10．A.potential B．constant C．intense D．instant 11．A.cultivation B．resistance C．satisfaction D．awareness 12．A.in terms of B．on account of C．regardless of D．with respect to 13．A.In other words B．On the contrary C．For example D．In addition 14．A.promoting B．assuming C．insulting D．assessing 15．A.chance B．sense C．rush D．harm 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐会让人失去耐心，变得不耐烦。 1．解析：选C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参加研究中的学生甚至在屏幕上看到麦当劳汉堡连锁店的标识时很快就变得焦急起来，以至于他们都没认出它。A.hungry饥饿的；B.stressful有压力的；C.anxious焦虑的、焦急的；D.timid胆小的。上文说一项新研究称，吃快餐会让人失去耐心，即使他们不缺时间，所以此处是说他们变得很焦急，故C项正确。 2．解析：选A　考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.recognize认出、承认；B.investigate调查；C.diagnose诊断；D.recall回忆。这些学生在看到麦当劳汉堡连锁店的标识时很快就变得焦急起来，以至于他们都没认出它，故A项正确。 3．解析：选D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，每天接触快餐品牌会对人们的行为产生一种潜意识的影响，使人们无论是否被时间所迫，都会匆忙行事。A.motivation动机；B.appearance出现；C.emotion情感；D.behaviour行为。空后说人们无论是否被时间所迫，都会匆忙行事，这是对人们的行为产生的影响，故D项正确。 4．解析：选B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的实验表明，快餐当中蕴含的无意识的节省时间的目标可能会导致匆忙和不耐烦的意外结果。A.common普通的；B.unconscious无意识的；C.primary初级的；D.temporary临时的。根据下文说的只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活可知，快餐当中蕴含的节省时间的目标是无意识的，故B项正确。 5．解析：选A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏好。A.preferences偏好；B.implications暗示；C.ingredients材料；D.intentions意图。快餐属于省时食品，因此考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏爱，故A项正确。 6．解析：选B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：更为突出的是，我们发现，仅仅接触快餐符号就降低了人们的储蓄意愿，导致他们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，最终损害了他们的经济利益。A.naturally自然地；B.strikingly显著地；C.fortunately幸运地；D.personally亲自地。与上文说的考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏好相比，空后的这个发现是更为突出的，故B项正确。 7．解析：选A　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.gain利润、收获；B.proof证据；C.respond回应；D.attention注意。根据空后的“over greater future return”可知，仅仅接触快餐符号就会导致人们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，故A项正确。 8．解析：选D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们无法有意识地看到它们是什么，但潜意识的影响是显著的。他们的阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后进行了测量，之后明显更快。A.concealed隐蔽的；B.imposed施加的；C.edited编辑过的；D.marked显著的。他们的阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后进行了测量，之后明显更快，这说明对潜意识的影响是显著的，故D项正确。 9．解析：选A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者也更喜欢省时的产品，比如三合一的护肤品，而不是单独版本。A.separate各自的、单独的；B.special特别的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.original原始的。根据空前的“three-in-one skincare treatments rather than”可知此处是与三合一的护肤品的比较，指的是单独版本的护肤品，故A项正确。 10．解析：选D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及他们会立即接受一小笔钱还是在一周后接受更多的钱时，他们再次选择了立即获得奖励。A.potential潜在的；B.constant不变的；C.intense紧张的；D.instant立即的、紧迫的。上文说仅仅接触快餐符号就降低了人们的储蓄意愿，导致他们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，所以此处是眼前获利的表现，指的是他们选择立即获得奖励，故D项正确。 11．解析：选C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：快餐代表着一种时间效率和即时满足感的文化。A.cultivation培养；B.resistance阻力；C.satisfaction满意、满足；D.awareness意识。上文说快餐会让人们选择立即的奖励，这说明快餐会给人们带来一种即时满足感，故C项正确。 12．解析：选C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：问题是，不管时间是否与环境相关，只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活。A.in terms of依据；B.on account of因为；C.regardless of不管；D.with respect to至于。根据空后的“whether time is a relevant factor in the context.”可知，不管时间是否与环境相关，只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活，故C项正确。 13．解析：选C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当一个人要去开会时，走得更快是有效率的，但是当一个人在公园散步时，这是一种不耐烦的表现。A.In other words换言之；B.On the contrary相反；C.For example例如；D.In addition此外。空后介绍的是一个具体的例子，需要用for example引出，故C项正确。 14．解析：选A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅接触快餐就让人普遍感到匆忙和不耐烦。A.promoting促进、提升；B.assuming假定；C.insulting损害；D.assessing评估。根据空后的“a general sense of hurriedness and impatience.”可知，仅仅接触快餐就会造成一种普遍的匆忙和不耐烦的感觉，故A项正确。 15．解析：选C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我坐在一家快餐店时，我发现自己正以惊人的速度狼吞虎咽地吃着我的巨无霸，尽管根本不着急。A.chance可能性；B.sense意义；C.rush匆促；D.harm损害。根据“even though”可知，尽管我并不着急，我还是狼吞虎咽地吃巨无霸，故C项正确。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$