Unit 1 Grammar 课件 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

Focus on 基本用法 some and any What information did you learn about dinosaurs from the last class? When did dinosaurs first appear? When did dinosaurs suddenly die out? What were the lifestyles of dinosaurs? … Why did dinosaurs die out? How big were the dinosaurs? Su Wen: Hi, Dr Xing, can I ask you some questions about dinosaurs? Dr Xing: Of course! Su Wen: Why did dinosaurs die out? Dr Xing: Many scientists think that dinosaurs died out because a huge asteroid hit the Earth. However, some scientists don't accept this theory. Su Wen: What do scientists disagree about? Dr Xing: Some scientists think the world became too cold for dinosaurs. Some believe there was not enough food for dinosaurs. Su Wen: Do you have any theories yourself? Dr Xing: I have my own theory, but there isn't any sound proof for it yet. We still need to find more fossils … Su Wen is interviewing Dr Xing, a dinosaur expert, for his project. Let's learn about some opinions on this topic. • some和any可用作限定词来谈论数量,在可数名词的复数形式和不可 数名词的前面使用。 • 通常在否定句和疑问句中使用any,在肯定句中使用some (e.g. There are some children playing in the park.)。 Read the interview again and pay attention to the words in red. Su Wen: Hi, Dr Xing, can I ask you some questions about dinosaurs? Dr Xing: Of course! Su Wen: Why did dinosaurs die out? Dr Xing: Many scientists think that dinosaurs died out because a huge asteroid hit the Earth. However, some scientists don't accept this theory. Su Wen: What do scientists disagree about? Dr Xing: Some scientists think the world became too cold for dinosaurs. Some believe there was not enough food for dinosaurs. Su Wen: Do you have any theories yourself? Dr Xing: I have my own theory, but there isn't any sound proof for it yet. We still need to find more fossils … • some和any也可用作不定代词来指代人或事物。 当我们期望对方回答“是”时,我们在疑问句中使用some。这也是一种礼貌的询问方式。 ① Would you like some tea? ② May I have some rice and fish? 你想来点茶吗? 我可以来点儿米饭和鱼吗? any可表示“任何一个”,在肯定句中修饰单数可数名词。 ① You can take any book you'd like to read. ② Which pen do you want? Any will do. 你可以选任何你想读的书。 你想要哪支笔?随便哪支都行。 用some或any填空。 1. I can see _ birds in the tree. 2. There isn't _ orange juice in my bottle. Please give me _. 3. — Do you have _ picture-books? — No, I don't have _. But I have _ story-books. 4. — Are there _ boys in the classroom? — No, but there are _ girls in it. 5. May I ask you _ questions, Miss Wang? 6. Can I have _ cakes, please? some any some any any some any some some some Librarian: Hello, how can I help you? Su Wen: Hi, Miss. Do you have (1)_ books about dinosaurs? Librarian: Yes, we do. We have (2)_ next to the encyclopaedias. What type of dinosaurs are you interested in? Su Wen: I don't have (3)_ idea. I just want to look up (4)_ facts. Librarian: No problem. Let me show you (5)_ popular dinosaur books for teenagers. P10 1 1 Complete the conversation between Su Wen and the librarian with some or any. any/some some any some some somebody, anybody, nobody, etc. Focus on 基本用法 这些词都是由some-,any-,no-,every-和-one,-body,-thing组合构成,都是复合不定代词。常用来指代某个不特定的人或物。 • 以-thing结尾的不定代词用来指代某些物体、想法或情况。 • any-一类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。 Read the dialogue below and pay attention to the words in red. Dad: How is your project going? Did you find anything useful in the library? Su Wen: The librarian showed me a few books, but I found nothing useful. Dad: Maybe you can ask somebody else — perhaps your biology teacher can help. Su Wen: That's a good idea! I think he can tell me something about the first dinosaurs. • 以-one和-body结尾的不定代词用来指人。 • some-一类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中。 • Nothing, nobody和no one用于肯定形式的陈述句中,但它们有否定 的含义。 anything nothing somebody something body one thing some any no every somebody someone something anybody anyone anything nobody no one nothing everybody everyone everything 指人 指物 某个 任何 没有 每个 = = = = 复合不定代词的构成 (2) Somebody is crying in the next room. (1) Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. 隔壁房间里有人在哭。 听!有人在敲门。 不定代词somebody/someone/something常用于肯定句,在疑问句中,若希望得到对方的肯定回答,也会用含有some-的不定代词。 (3) Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗? 复合不定代词的用法 1. some- (2) Did you see anything there? (1) There isn't anybody in the room. 你在那看到什么东西了吗? 室内没有人。 不定代词anybody/anyone/anything常用于否定句或疑问句。当含有any-的不定代词用在肯定句中时,则强调“任何人”或“任何事”。 (3) Anyone should work hard. 任何人都应该努力工作。 2. any- (2) There is nobody/no one standing outside the classroom. (1) I found nobody in the room. 没有人站在教室外面。 我发现教室里空无一人。 含有no-的不定代词表示全否定,意为“没有人/物”。 (3) There is nothing in the box. 盒子里什么都没有。 3. no- (= There is not anything in the box.) (= There is not anybody standing outside the classroom.) nobody/no one = not anybody, nothing = not anything 表示全否定 (2) Everything is ready. (1) Is everyone/everybody here today? 一切准备就绪。 今天每个人都到了吗? 不定代词everybody/everyone/everything可以用于各种句式中。everybody/everyone的意思是“每个人,人人”,everything的意思是“每件事,一切”。 4. every- 复合不定代词通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时,其 后的谓语动词用_形式。 ① Someone is waiting for you in the classroom. ② Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 有人正在教室里等你。 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 单数 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放在该复合不定代词的_。 ① He wrote something interesting in his diary. ② I have something important to say. 他在日记里写了些有趣的事情。 我有重要的事情要说。 后面 用合适的复合不定代词填空。 1. _ left their umbrella here. 2. I didn't see _. 3. _ knows why. 4. Do you have _ to say? 5. I knocked on the door, but _ answered. 6. I have _ important to tell you. Somebody anybody/anyone/anything Nobody anything nobody/no one something S1: Is there anything in the bookcase? S2: Yes.There are lots of books in the bookcase. S1: Are there any plants in the library? S2: Yes, there are some plants in the library. … P10 Look at the picture of the school library below and then ask and answer questions in pairs. 用法 肯定句中用some,否定句和疑问句中用any 特殊用法 some any 均用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前, 用来表示不确定的数量 疑问句(期望肯定回答/表礼貌) 肯定句(表“任何一个”, 修饰单数可数名词) 可作限定词(表数量)和不定代词(指代人/事物) some and any 构成 以-thing结尾:指代物体、想法或情况 以-one结尾:指代人 以-body结尾:指代人 something/anything/ nothing/everything someone/anyone/ no one/everyone somebody/anybody/ nobody/everybody 1. 充当句子的主语 时,谓语动词用 单数形式。 2. 形容词需置于不 定代词之后。 用法 some- any- no- every- 多用于肯定句;疑问句中希望得到肯定回答时使用 多用于否定句、疑问句;肯定句中强调“任何”时使用 用于肯定形式的陈述句,表否定含义(全否定) 可用于各种句式,表“每个/每件”“一切” 复合不定代词 1. The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and _ could be seen clearly. (2024黑龙江绥化) A. anything B. something C. nothing 2. - I heard that people in Paris stood in a long line to buy Chinese xiaolongbao. - Yes, _ could say no to it there. (2024山东滨州) A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody 3. - Chinese chess player Ding Liren has done _ he can in chess and has put all that he has into the games. - Yes, and he has become world chess champion (冠军) recently. (2023滨州市) A. everything B. nothing C. something D. none 4. _ is better than my own little home and the warm sunshine and the beatiful blue sky. (2023重庆市B卷) A. Everything B. Nothing C. Something D. Anything 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Have scientists discovered _ (some) life out there in space yet? (2024四川广安) 2. There isn't _ (some) milk in the fridge now. Why not buy some online? (2023兰州市) any any 翻译句子。 1. At the age of 14 something unlucky happened to Jia and turned him into a deaf person. (2022年陕西省 短文填空) 14岁那年,贾遭遇不幸,从此失聪。 2. Hearing this, Ma Qiang was surprised because nobody had said such words to him before. (2022年山东省聊城市 完形填空) 马强听了很惊讶,因为从来没有人对他说过这样的话。 1. Can you use some and any correctly? 2. Can you use indefinite pronoun (somebody, anybody, nobody, etc.) properly? 1. Write some sentences about the school library based on the conversation you made in Activity 2. 2. Preview Speaking part on page 11. $$