课时作业(17) Unit 4 Section Ⅰ（Word练习）-【金榜题名】2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册高中同步学案（人教版）

课时作业(十七)　Unit 4　Section Ⅰ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A An earthquake happens when two plates rub (摩擦) together.The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds.If one plate is slowly forced under the other，pressure builds up until the plates break apart.This process causes the ground to move.It is an earthquake.In other words，earthquakes are the shaking of the earth's surface caused by the earth's rocky outer layer (岩层) as a result of the energy stored within the earth.The strain within the rocks is suddenly released (释放)． The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening.If an unpopulated region is struck，there will be low loss of life or property.If it hits a large city，there may be many injuries and much destruction.Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now.Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage. Actually，there are several million small earthquakes every year.Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale，caused millions of dollars in damage.In the last 500 years，millions of people have been killed by earthquakes around the world — including 240，000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China. A 60­second or less earthquake can cause devastation (破坏) that continues for years after the first tremor (震动)．In 1972，a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua，Nicaragua.Fifteen years later，the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit，because the country did not have the money necessary to rebuild it. The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster.It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs.In the 1906 earthquake，it was the fire caused after it that did the majority of the damage.An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys，causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path. 【语篇解读】　本文主要讲了地震的成因及危害。 1．Which of the following is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．An earthquake comes from inside the earth. B．The earth has great energy in storage. C．How the earth plates move. D．How an earthquake happens. 解析：D　段落大意题。第一段主要讲述了地震的成因。 2．How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destruction earthquakes cause？　 A．Three.　　　　　　 B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 解析：B　细节理解题。文中提到1964年阿拉斯加地震，1976年唐山地震，1972年尼加拉瓜的马那瓜地震，以及1906年地震，共四次。 3．Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people? A．The 1964 Alaskan quake. B．The 1976 Tangshan earthquake. C．The 1972 Managua earthquake. D．The 1906 earthquake. 解析：B　推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知1976年唐山大地震中大约240 000人遇难。 4．The underlined word “ensuing” in the last paragraph probably means “________”． A．causing too much heat and great damage B．causing many injuries and much destruction C．happening as a result of another event D．happening suddenly and unexpectedly 解析：C　词义猜测题。下文提到在1906年地震中，绝大部分的损失是地震引起的火灾造成的。由此推出ensuing是指“另一件事所引起的”。 B If you ask most people what water tastes like, they'll probably tell you that water has no taste and they may give you a funny look. But if you were a fruit fly(果蝇), asking another fruit fly, that question might have a different answer. To a fruit fly, water has a taste. Scientists want to know how the fruit fly knows water because this information may help in learning how other animals—or even individual cells(细胞)—manage to use water in the right way. Water is important to life, but too much or too little can be deadly to a living creature(生物). So by understanding how the fruit fly tastes water, researchers may learn more about other living things. According to the new study, a protein(蛋白质) called PPK28 makes it possible for a fly to taste water. Proteins build cells and tissues, fight disease and carry messages between cells. It's not surprising that a protein is responsible for the fruit fly's ability to taste water. The PPK28 protein is part of a larger family of similar proteins. One of these related proteins is used by mammals(哺乳动物) (including humans) to taste salt. Scientists have not found a protein that enables humans to “taste” water. In the experiment, Cameron and his team compared normal fruit flies with fruit flies whose taste cells had been disabled.The fruit flies were given a special chemical that would glow(发光) when the fly used the PPK28 protein. Then the scientists led the flies to water. When the normal flies tasted the water, the PPK28 protein lit up—showing that it was in use. The fruit fly in particular is so interesting that some scientists are hard at work creating a complete map of the fruit fly brain. This map will show all of a fly's neurons(神经元) and help scientists understand how the neurons work together. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。对于大多数人来说，水是无味的。但对于果蝇来说，水有味道。新研究发现正是一种名为PPK28的蛋白质让果蝇能够尝到水的味道。 5．How do most people feel when asked the taste of water? A．Amused. B．Frightened. C．Disappointed. D．Annoyed. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“If you ask most people what water tastes like, they'll probably tell you that water has no taste and they may give you a funny look.”(如果你问大多数人水的味道是什么，他们可能会告诉你水没有味道，同时可能会露出觉得好笑的表情。)可知，当被问及水的味道时，大多数人觉得这种问题很无聊，会觉得很好笑，很有趣。故选A。 6．Why do scientists want to know how the fruit fly knows water? A．To decrease(减少) the number of the fruit fly. B．To know more about other creatures(生物)．　 C．To manage to use water correctly. D．To describe the taste of water. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scientists want to know how the fruit fly knows water because this information may help in learning how other animals—or even individual cells(细胞)—manage to use water in the right way.”(科学家们想知道果蝇是如何认识水的，因为这些信息可能有助于了解其他动物——甚至单个细胞——如何以正确的方式利用水。)可知，科学家们想知道果蝇是如何认识水的，因为这样就可以更多地了解其他生物。故选B。 7．What do we know about the PPK28 protein? A．It can make humans taste salt. B．The fruit fly can't live without it. C．It enables the fruit fly to taste water. D．The fruit fly uses it to avoid illnesses. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to the new study, a protein(蛋白质) called PPK28 makes it possible for a fly to taste water.”(根据这项新研究，一种名为PPK28的蛋白质使苍蝇能够品尝到水。)可知，PPK28蛋白质能使果蝇尝到水的味道。故选C。 8．What will the scientists continue to work at? A．Making the PPK28 protein. B．Telling more information about cells. C．Creating maps of human brains. D．Studying the fruit fly's neuron systems. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The fruit fly in particular is so interesting that some scientists are hard at work creating a complete map of the fruit fly brain. This map will show all of a fly's neurons and help scientists understand how the neurons(神经元) work together.”(果蝇特别有趣，以至于一些科学家正在努力绘制果蝇大脑的完整大脑图。这张图将显示所有苍蝇的神经元，帮助科学家了解神经元是如何一起工作)可推知，科学家们将继续研究果蝇的神经元系统。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读填句 High school can be a terrible phase if you get it all wrong. Find out how to survive high school with a few easy tips. 1．Be Yourself. High school is a fun time to make new friends, meet new people, date and socialize(社交). Make friends with all kinds of people and not just a group which you are comfortable with. Most peer(同龄人) pressure cases are because of the weak image created by freshmen. __1__ Don't give in to what anyone else wants you to be. 2．__2__ Choose your friends carefully and make sure you won't get influenced(影响) by anyone. Socialize, but by judging who you can connect to. You will find friends, but stay away from the ones who don't want to be your friends as a bad company is disappointing, but the good one is amazing. 3．Be positive. There is nothing better than having a smile on your face whenever you can. __3__ Don't be afraid to make friends, don't get aggressive or personal with anyone and treat others the way you want to be treated.Respect your teachers and classmates and try to be helpful if you want the same in return. 4．Be Confident. When you believe in yourself, others believe in you. Talk, walk and address people confidently and this will create a strong image about you. __4__ Be creative(有创意的) and unique(独特的) and learn to set trends. Confidence is one quality you grow with, and people respect you for that. 5．Love High School. __5__ Make the most out of it, and you will never get those moments back. Come up with good ideas for your class, join clubs, make friends or go to parties, but just make as many memories as you can! With these tips to survive high school, you will surely be proud of experiencing such a wonderful period.So, when you throw those hats in the air, feel the freedom and remember every moment you spent in “High School”. A．And always wear your smile. B．Keep Good Company. C．Just be yourself and create a strong self­image(形象)． D．Practice positive thinking. E．Do your things, and don't imitate(模仿) others. F．Fall in love with it. G．Study as hard as you can in your spare time. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何应对高中生活提出了一些建议。 1．C　根据小标题“Be Yourself.(做你自己。)”可知本段建议要做自己。C项“Just be yourself and create a strong self­image (形象)．(做你自己，建立一个强大的自我形象。)”与段落主题一致，同时句中“create a strong self­image”与上文“the weak image created by freshmen”相照应。故选C项。 2．B　设空句是段首小标题，根据下文“Choose your friends carefully and make sure you won't get influenced (影响) by anyone. Socialize, but by judging who you can connect to. You will find friends, but stay away from the ones who don't want to be your friends as a bad company is disappointing, but the good one is amazing.(仔细选择你的朋友，确保你不会受到任何人的影响。要社交，但要判断你能交往的人。你会找到朋友，但远离那些不想成为你朋友的人，因为坏朋友令人失望，而好朋友则令人惊叹。)”可知，本段主要讲要善于择友。所以B项“Keep Good Company.(交良友。)”是最佳标题句。故选B项。 3．D　根据小标题“Be positive.(要积极。)”可知本段建议要积极。D项“Practice positive thinking.(练习积极地思考。)”与主题一致，提出要练习积极思考，下文“Don't be afraid to make friends, don't get aggressive or personal with anyone and treat others the way you want to be treated.Respect your teachers and classmates and try to be helpful if you want the same in return.(不要害怕交朋友，不要对任何人咄咄逼人或带有个人色彩，你希望别人怎样对待你，你就怎样对待别人。尊重你的老师和同学，如果你想要同样的回报，试着帮助他们。)”就如何练习给出具体建议，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 4．E　上文“When you believe in yourself, others believe in you. Talk, walk and address people confidently and this will create a strong image about you. (当你相信自己，别人就相信你。说话、走路、自信地称呼人们，这将会给你带来一个强大的形象。)”和下文“Be creative (有创意的) and unique (独特的) and learn to set trends.(要有创造力和独特性，学会引领潮流。)”提出要自信，做独特的自己，E项“Do your things, and don't imitate (模仿) others.(做自己的事，不要模仿别人。)”与主题一致，强调不要模仿别人，要自信。故选E项。 5．F　小标题“Love High School.(热爱高中。)”提出要爱高中，F项“Fall in love with it.(爱上它。)”作为段首句，再次强调主题，引出下文对如何去爱的说明，上下文衔接自然。故选F项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$