专题06 细节理解题（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题06细节理解题 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 细节理解题五年高考 考情 统计 【知能解读 02 】 细节理解题五年高考考情解读 【知能解读 03 】 细节理解题五年高考考点分类 【知能解读 04 】 细节理解题五年高考选项特点 【知能解读 05 】 阅读理解 满分突破 思维导图 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 直接 信息题解题指导 【重难点突破 0 2 】 直接 信息题解题指导 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 间接信息题解题指导 【易混易错 0 2 】 间接信息题跟踪训练 【易混易错 0 3 】 数字计算题解题指导 【易混易错 0 4 】 数字计算题跟踪训练 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧 0 1 】 阅读细节理解题答题误区 【方法技巧 0 2 】 阅读细节理解题误区应对 【方法技巧 0 3 】 阅读细节理解题满分策略 【方法技巧 0 4 】 细节理解题同义替换归纳 ) 01细节理解题五年高考考情统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025全国一卷 7 1 6 1 2025全国二卷 8 1 4 2 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 2021新课标I卷 8 1 4 2 2021新课标II卷 11 1 2 1 2021全国甲卷 5 1 8 1 2021全国乙卷 6 1 6 2 02细节理解题五年高考考情解读 1.选材特点 ①题材更丰富多元：选材来自国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体等，涵盖科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等各个领域。 ②语篇更具实用性：越来越注重选取与现实生活紧密相关、具有实际应用价值的文本，如科技成果介绍、生活小贴士、文化活动报道等，要求考生能够从文本中获取具体的实用信息。 2.题型设置 ①设题方式更灵活：不再局限于传统的“Wh-”问题（如what、where、when、who、why）和判断正误题，可能会出现图表题、排序题、信息匹配题等多种形式，考查考生对不同类型信息的提取和处理能力。 ②跨段落细节整合增多：答案可能不再局限于某一个段落，而是需要考生从多个段落中提取相关细节信息，并进行整合和归纳，对考生把握文章整体结构和梳理信息的能力要求更高。 ③增加隐含细节考查：除了直接在文中能够找到的显性细节，会更多地设置需要考生通过对上下文的理解、推理才能得出答案的隐含细节题，考查考生的深度理解能力。 ④细节理解题每年占6-9题，细节杂糅更普遍：将文章中不同位置的细节信息进行拼凑组合，形成一个看似与原文相关，但实际上逻辑混乱或与原文不符的干扰项，让考生难以辨别。体裁以应用文为主，说明文和记叙文为辅。 3.能力要求 ①信息定位要求提高：阅读量和阅读速度要求持续提升，考生需要在有限时间内快速浏览文章，精准定位到与题目相关的细节信息。 ②综合理解能力凸显：考生不仅要理解单个句子或段落中的细节，还需要理解细节之间的逻辑关系，以及这些细节与文章主旨、作者观点之间的联系，对综合理解能力的要求不断提高。 03细节理解题五年高考考点分类 04细节理解题五年高考选项特点 1.正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误 05阅读理解满分突破思维导图 01直接信息题解题指导 1.题型解读 解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。 2.命题方式 22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? (2025全国一卷) 23. What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey? (2025全国一卷) 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? (2024新课标I卷) 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? (2024全国甲卷) 29. What are the selected artworks about? (2023新课标II卷) 3.思维导图 4.解题步骤 第一步: 读题干, 抓住关键词; 第二步: 带着问题快速阅读短文, 找出与问题有关的词语或句子; 第三步: 仔细对比选项和原文信息, 继而找出答案。 02 直接信息理解题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷A篇片段) English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow, Shropshire … Shrewsbury, Shropshire … Mevagissey, Cornwall … 21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A. In the Ludlow Castle. B. In the Foodie Center of England. C. In the Hereford Cathedral. D. In the Black and White House Museum. 跟踪训练2 (2024新课标I卷A篇片段) HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM … GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS … 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 跟踪训练3 (2024全国甲卷A篇片段) Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity … Wheel Throwing … Knitting and Pom-Pom Making … 22. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 跟踪训练4 (2023新课标I卷A篇片段) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike … Prices … Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 23. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 01间接信息题解题指导 间接细节题是直接信息的转述、原文信息的间接表达、直接信息背后隐含内容的表达。相比直接信息题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。 1.思维导图 2.解题思路 在解答间接信息题时，我们还可采用排除法，这就要求我们了解选项的特点。间接信息题的正确选项不会照搬原文，会对原文信息进行改写，常见的改写方式有：替换原文中的关键词；改变关键词的词性；简化语言表达。干扰项往往根据文中的某个细节来设置，常有以下几种情况：①无中生有：选项信息在文中根本没有提到或与文中信息完全相反；②张冠李戴：把A事物的信息加诸在B事物上；③断章取义：选项中含有部分原文信息，但整体描述不准确（这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要特别注意）。 02 间接信息题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷A篇片段) This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 跟踪训练2 (2025全国二卷B篇片段) English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire … Ludlow, Shropshire … Shrewsbury, Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere-hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. Mevagissey, Cornwall .. 22. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? A. It’s situated near a big island. B. It’s almost surrounded by water. C. It’s known for its flower festival. D. It’s easily accessible from London. 跟踪训练3 (2024新课标I卷D篇片段) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. … 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 跟踪训练4 (2020全国III卷B篇片段) Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. … The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. … There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar. … 25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast? A. It’s a brief account of a trip. B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man. C. It’s a record of a historic event. D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris. 03数字计算题解题指导 细节理解之数字计算题考点是高考中的必考点。数字计算题考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找相关的文章内容，提取相关信息，进行简单的计算，就可以得出正确答案。预测在2026高考中，数字计算题会在广告信息文章中和说明文中的部分试题中呈现。 1.思维导图 2.解题步骤 原文定位：依据题干关键词，然后寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。 理清关系：数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。 特别关注：decade 十年fortnight两周double两倍 couple两个score二十dozen十二off削价，减价discount折扣。 做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 04数字计算题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1　(2025全国一卷I阅读A片段) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 跟踪训练2　(2023新课标I卷阅读A片段) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. ... Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 Guided City Tours … 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ A．15.75.　 B．19.50. C． 22.75. D． 29.50. 跟踪训练3　(2023新课标I卷阅读A片段) Henry Raeburn (1756-1823) The Exhibition This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. Lecture Series … Exhibition Times … Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and Colleges A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A. £4. B. £8. C. £12. D. £16. 跟踪训练4　(2025浙江1月卷阅读A片段) Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? … How Long Does It Take? … Length of Loans … Notification/Delivery Options … Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 23. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 01 阅读细节理解题答题误区 1.扩缩范围 选项中的描述将原文内容扩大或缩小，与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动。干扰项常使用与文中某句话相似的句子结构和陈述，但在关键地方换了单词，增加或删除了部分信息，从而改变了句意。 2.张冠李戴 所述细节确实与原文一致，但变换了主体，把文中的 “张三” 换成了选项中的 “李四”。或者把文中作者的观点与他人的观点混淆在一起，比如题干问的是作者的观点，选项陈述的是他人的观点。 3.无中生有 选项内容在意思上符合常识，但与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。考生容易在没有充分理解文章信息的情况下凭主观臆断答错题。 4.原词再现 选项内容部分是文章原文原句或原词，实则部分正确或部分错误，考生对具体信息的内容记忆不全，对这样的试题缺少足够的判断，错选选项。 02 阅读细节理解题误区应对 1.精准定位 先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句。如 2022 年海淀区高三 “一模” 试题中问 “According to the passage, what is‘fresh start effect’”，考生可根据题干定位到文章第一段相关内容。 2.仔细核对 将选项与定位到的原文内容进行仔细对照比较，看选项是否与原文完全一致，注意关键词的同义替换、句式的转换等。对于一些看似与原文相似的选项，要特别注意其是否在范围、主体、时态等方面与原文有差异。 3.避免主观臆断 严格依据原文内容答题，不要仅凭自己的常识或主观想法去选择答案。如果原文中没有明确提及的内容，即使选项看起来很合理，也不能选。 4.全面捕捉信息 当细节理解题考查的是多处信息的整合时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据 “一面之词” 草率地得出结论。 03 阅读细节理解题满分策略 一、阅读理解应用文细节理解题居多，落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”。 二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 三、文章出处题注意利用文章“总分”结构，即首尾段相关关键词作答。 四、写作意图题要结合试题内容类型，尤其是首尾段做出合理推测判断。 五、写作对象题需要结合首尾段关键信息，对象可能是家长、游客等。 六、规范训练目标：先题后文，做标记，留痕迹；零失误，限时6分钟/篇。 04细节理解题同义替换归纳 1.高频同义转换（动词类） 动词类同义替换（一） 动词类同义替换（二） book=reserve=order conduct=carry out please=amuse=entertain improve=promote guarantee=ensure document=record ruin=destroy=damage=violate declare=announce=inform divide=separate=part with complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve delay=put off=postpone give=supply=provide=offer encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur reject=refuse=turn down=decline receive=accept see=observe=notice=spot search=explore connect=link=relate=associate discourage=frustrate rent=hire prove=turn out remove=get rid of admire=appreciate possess=own decide=determine=resolve to do get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess 2.高频同义转换（名词类） 名词类同义替换（一） 名词类同义替换（二） data=statistics novel=fiction feature=characteristics career=occupation manners=etiquette gratitude=appreciation experiment=trial personality=character stress=pressure origin=pioneer circumstance=environment=atmosphere creation=innovation achievement=recognition option=choice=selection material=resource luggage=baggage=package rule=regulation=principle direction=discipline=guideline colleague=coworker essay=passage=article=text approach=way=method=means 3.高频同义转换（形容词副词类） 形容词副词类同义替换（一） 形容词副词类同义替换（二） delicious=tasty attentive=focused original=initial final=eventual obvious=evident=Striking accurate=exact authentic=true=genuine thrilling=frightening thrilled=excited time-honored=has a long history dull=boring daring=brave extra=additional glad=pleased=delighted touched=moved accessible=available=at hand appropriate=proper=suitable appealing=attractive complex=complicated safe=secure 3.高频同义转换（高频短语类） 高频短语类同义替换（一） 高频短语类同义替换（二） ahead of time=in advance=previous places of interest=tourist attraction result in=lead to=contribute to be accustomed to=be used to doing prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from join in=take part in=participate in =involve in=be engaged in get ready for=be prepared for focus on =concentrate on transform A into B=turn A into B in the long term=in the long run hold on to=insist take action=take measures=take steps to keep in touch with=contact deal with=cope with=handle with=address at the same time=meanwhile on the spot=on the scene be proud of=take pride in head into=leave for arrive at=reach=get to=approach in spite of=despite from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view try doing=attempt to be filled with=be charged with=be full of run into=come across take the place of=replace from time to time=once in a while be caught in=be trapped in consist of =be made up of for a moment=for a while a collection of =a series of figure out=find out bright up=light up roll around=turn up give...a lecture=deliver a speech draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for in favor of=favorable ( 细节理解题 综合能力提升 ) 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01 (2024浙江1月卷) Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? (细节理解题) A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough. C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath. 22. What can we learn about the two actors? (细节理解题) A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in “Ragtime”. C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago. 23. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? (细节理解题) A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities. C. Technical support. D. Educational resources. 02 (2023浙江1月卷) Explorers Camp •Full day camp for kids aged 5-13. •Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12 Week 2 | July 15-19 Week 3 | July 22-26 •Register for a single week or multiple weeks. •Fees: $365 per week. •The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp Structure The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. Camp Content Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. Camp Staff Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 21. On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund? (细节理解题) A. June 12. B. June 22. C. July 19. D. July 26. 22. How are campers divided into different groups? (细节理解题) A. By gender. B. By nationality. C. By interest. D. By age. 23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week? (细节理解题) A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42. 03 (2023新课标I卷) Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A. He’s open-minded. B. He’s sharp-eyed. C. He’s warm-hearted. D. He’s strong-willed. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 26. What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? (细节理解题) A. He drove Butch to its owner. B. He sent presents to his friends. C. He prepared a retirement party. D. He said goodbye to the neighbors. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 05（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试） Information for School Activities to Kew Gardens Kew Gardens are famous for its diverse living plants and a wide range of educational events and activities. Below is the necessary information about planning a school visit to Kew. Educational Session Prices Students will participate in the educational sessions in groups of 15. Prices vary based on different situations: For Early Years Foundation Stage • Key Stage 4: 45-minute sessions; £35/ group; 90-minute sessions; £70/ group • Key Stage 5: Half day (1 session) : £80/ group: Full day (2 sessions) : £160/ group For Teachers and Adults • One adult accompanying one pupil: Free: • Adults above the required ratios: £11/ person The payment will be due within 28 calendar days of making the booking. Health and Safety Required Supervising (监护) Adult-Student Ratio: • Key Stage 4   1:12 • Key Stage 5   1:6 The group sizes should be controlled if you are visiting restricted or potentially busy areas such as glasshouses and other attractions. The maximum number of students visiting the greenhouses is 15 per group; each group to Kew shops should include no more than 10 students. Risk Assessment Standard risk assessment directs you to customize a student-oriented risk assessment. If there is an emergency, do not call 999, contact the nearest staff or call Constabulary on 0208 332 3333. Planning Your Visit Your tickets and two planning passes will be sent to you upon the receipt of your payment. You can complete your risk assessment with the passes. Show the tickets and receipt documents to the gates staff on the day of visit. Recommended Timings Our gardens open at 10 a.m. You are recommended to spend at least three hours on your visits. The closing times vary while the earliest is 3:30 p.m. We have a fixed schedule for education sessions, which is from 10:30 a.m. to 2:20 p.m. (except KS5). 1．If a group of 12 KS4 students and 2 teachers chooses a 45-min session, how much should be paid? (细节理解题) A．£35. B．£46. C．£57. D．£81. 2．What should one do in case of emergency? A．Refer to the risk assessment. B．Telephone 999 immediately. (细节理解题) C．Ask adults for help. D．Seek help from the staff nearby. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To describe the Kew Garden. B．To employ the staff. C．To guide school visitors. D．To introduce the activities. 05（2025高三上·全国·专题练习） New Scientist is the world’s most popular weekly science and technology publication. Our website, app and print editions cover international news from a scientific standpoint. Highlights: News & Features Daily online updates and weekly magazine top picks bring you the latest scientific news, covering everything from artificial intelligence to breakthroughs in health and quantum (量子) physics. Written by researchers and expert journalists, feature articles separate fact from fiction and turn discoveries into easy-to-understand knowledge — no science background needed. Culture This section explores the intersection of science and culture, featuring reviews of books, events, and exhibitions. It highlights the impact of science on society and the arts. Views We present readers’ letters, opinions, and articles by editors, offering in-depth analysis and diverse viewpoints on science, culture, and social issues. This section encourages critical thinking and discussion. Subscriber-only Benefits: ·Exclusive (专享的) access to articles with great content ·Priority to paid tours to sites of scientific importance worldwide ·Four free virtual events each year, including lectures and masterclasses on science topics ·Newsletters with the latest news and insights, sent directly to your email or digital devices Best offer Digital accessAPP+ Website Subscription √Unlimited access to newscientist. com √Unrestricted access to the app Trial: $10 for 10 weeks ○Then $49.99 every 3 months ○Then $200 $99 annually Print and digital accessAPP+ Website Subscription √Unlimited access to newscientist. com √Unrestricted access to the app √Print edition delivered directly to your door each week Trial: $20 for 10 weeks ○Then $64.99 every 3 months ○Then $240 $199 annually 1．What can you find in New Scientist? (细节理解题) A．Latest science fiction. B．Beginner-friendly science articles. C．Academic writing guide. D．In-depth scientific research papers. 2．What is an advantage of being a subscriber? (细节理解题) A．Staying informed of updates. B．Taking discounted science tours. C．Getting free reading devices. D．Attending lectures in universities. 3．How much is the annual subscription for print and digital access after the 10-week trial? (细节理解题) A．$99. B．$109. C．$199. D．$2 06（2025·陕西安康·三模） The waiting room was crowded with little kids and their parents, but I knew this was something I, a housewife, needed to start doing. When my name was called, I entered the small room, wiping the sweat from my palms. “Oh!” the young woman greeted me. “I wasn’t expecting to see any, uh... adults!” When my friends turned fifty, they did exciting things to celebrate, like a trip to the sunny south, a fancy dinner or a new hairstyle. I decided to learn to play the cello (大提琴). I had heard that learning a musical instrument boosts brainpower, so to fight against my ageing, I went to the music store to peruse the options. Never having played strings before, I rented a cello to see what I thought, and it was love at first note. My new cello teacher was as young as my daughter, and as she handed me the cello music, she inquired as to how long I’d been playing. “I just started,” I mumbled. “I guess we’ll start you off like my other students,” she said, handing me a book full of photos of four-year-old cellists. I started lessons two years ago, and now I play every day. Eagerly, I anticipate my cello practice time every evening, craving it, and loving the calm that always arrives. I have no idea how much I will enjoy the cello and how much I need it. I’m not sure where this cello playing will take me, but I love mentioning casually in conversation, “Yeah, I was just playing my cello today...” Recently, I played with a group of musicians. To my surprise, people applauded at the end. My friends’ new hairstyles have all grown back. Their trips are nothing but memories, but I have dents(凹痕) in my fingers and a strategy for keeping calm for the next thirty years until I find another new instrument to try. 1．How did the author feel when she entered the music room? A．Shocked. B．Calm. C．Confident. D．Nervous. 2．Why did the author choose to learn music at fifty? (细节理解题) A．To make her childhood dream come true. B．To maintain her mental abilities. C．To satisfy the expectation of her family. D．To try something different from her friends. 3．Why does the author look forward to practicing the cello every day? (细节理解题) A．She enjoys showing off. B．She wants to impress others. C．She is preparing for a performance. D．She loves the feeling it brings to her. 4．What can we learn from this story? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．It’s never too late to follow your heart. D．It’s too late to learn something you like. 07（2025·山东淄博·三模） Anna Du was walking along the beach at Castle Island in South Boston when she noticed plastic scattered (散落) across the shoreline. She bent down to pick some up but quickly realized there were far too many tiny pieces to handle. “When I saw how much plastic there was, it seemed impossible to clean it all up,” recalls Du, who was in sixth grade at the time. Instead of giving up, Du tackled the problem like any good scientist — starting with research. That’s how she discovered that 8 million tons of plastic end up in the oceans every year. Inspired by her findings, Du decided to build a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) to detect microplastics on the ocean floor. Her ROV, made from PVC pipes, features two main systems: a navigation system and a detection system. The navigation system uses propellers (螺旋桨) and a combination of fishing weights and foam floats (lightweight materials that keep the device floating) to move up and down. The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. Actually, the device doesn’t collect microplastics, but it identifies where they accumulate. Du has even applied for a patent on the Rov’s key components. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics — unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are not floating on the surface — she knew an ROV would be the most efficient tool. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ. Her ROV. impressed many experts with its clever design. “She has an impressive engineering instinct,” says Casey Mach ado, an engineer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. “Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable.” “I want to be an engineer because I love building things to help solve global problems,” says Du. “But I’m not sure yet what kind of engineer I want to be.” At her age, she has plenty of time to figure that out. 1．What motivates Anna Du to build the ROV? (细节理解题) A．Her interest in engineering design. B．Her discovery of plastic pollution. C．Her participation in a school project. D．Her desire for marine biology. 2．What is the highlight of Au’s invention? (细节理解题) A．Its use of recycled PVC materials. B．Its ability to classify plastic types. C．Its floating control system. D．Its advanced detection system. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The necessity of ROV. B．The impact of microplastics. C．The challenges in the invention. D．The limitation of the traditional lab. 4．Which of the following best describes Anna Du? A．Cooperative. B．Particular. C．Humble. D．Creative. 08（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试） Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web”. Far from being isolated individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌). The key players in this hidden conversation are mycorrhizal fungi. These thread-like organisms connect tree roots, forming vast networks. Research from the University of British Columbia reveals that up to 90% of land plants depend on these fungi. Through this interdependent relationship, trees exchange nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Older “mother trees” often act as hubs, sending extra sugars to younger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenomenon called “forest family connections”. When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send out warning signals through fungal networks, pushing neighbors to boost defensive resins (树脂). Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid, hack the network to steal nutrients from nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins (毒素) to restrain competitors — a strategy called “biological warfare” by ecologists. Understanding this “social network” challenges traditional views of forests. Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the Internet. Scientists now advocate for selective cutting practices that preserve fungal networks, ensuring forests’ resilience (适应力) to climate change. As author Peter Wohlleben notes in The Hidden Life of Trees, “Forests are super-organisms with intelligence we’re just beginning to decode.” This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word. 1．What method do acacia trees use to warn nearby trees of giraffe feeding? (细节理解题) A．Producing defensive resins in bark. B．Transmitting electrical signals through roots. C．Releasing a warning gas into the air. D．Increasing sugar distribution via fungal networks. 2．What does “biological warfare” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Using chemicals to kill insects. B．Releasing poisons to contain competitors. C．Fighting for sunlight through height. D．Stealing nutrients via underground roots. 3．Why should mother trees be preserved according to scientists? (细节理解题) A．They attract diverse wildlife species. B．They offer young trees nutrients. C．They battle against climate change. D．They maintain ecosystem stability. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．The defensive strategies of trees. B．The cooperative interaction between trees. C．The important role of mother trees. D．The hidden communication among trees. 09（25-26高三上·河北衡水·开学考试） Back in 2018, scientists at Duke University discovered that each time our eyes move, our ears make a squeaking (吱吱声) noise, which is hard or unable to hear. Now, the researchers have developed a method of telling where a person is looking by analyzing those sounds. Although we don’t consciously hear the noises, they can be picked up by a highly sensitive microphone placed in the ear canal. Lead scientist Professor Jennifer Groh believes that they may occur as eye movements trigger the brain to contract either the middle ear muscles or the hair cells — doing the former helps dampen loud noises, while doing the latter amplifies (放大) quiet ones. This arrangement could help us make sense of our surroundings, by automatically adjusting the sensitivity of our hearing based on what we’re looking at. In a recent experiment, Groh’s team and Professor Christopher Shera from the University of Southern California recruited 16 adults, all with good vision and hearing, to take a simple test. The volunteers started by visually tracking the movements of a green dot on a computer screen, without moving their heads. As they did so, an eye-tracking camera recorded the direction of their gaze, while microphones in their ear canals recorded their ear sounds. When the eye video and ear audio recordings were subsequently cross-referenced, it was found that eye movements in specific directions produced specific types of ear noises. The scientists were thus able to tell where a participant’s gaze was focused, simply by identifying what sort of noise “signature” their ears were making. It was also possible to do the opposite — the researchers could accurately tell what sort of sounds the volunteers’ ears were making, by tracking the direction of their gaze. It is hoped that the team’s findings will contribute to a better understanding of human perception (感知), possibly leading to more accurate and informative hearing tests. “If each part of the ear contributes individual rules for the eardrum signal, then they could be used as a type of clinical tool to assess which part of the anatomy in the ear is malfunctioning,” said Stephanie Lovich, one of the lead authors of the paper and a graduate student in psychology& neuroscience at Duke. 1．Why do the ear noises occur according to Professor Jennifer Groh? (细节理解题) A．Some noises echo in the ear canal occasionally. B．The head moves too quickly along with the ears. C．A highly sensitive microphone usually causes the noises. D．The brain contracts muscles or hair cells with eye movements. 2．What potential outcome do the researchers anticipate from their findings? (细节理解题) A．Creating a new type of hearing aid. B．Enhancing the design of microphones. C．Understanding human perception better. D．Replacing traditional vision tests with new technology. 3．What does Stephanie Lovich think of these findings? A．Complex. B．Promising. C．Faulty. D．Primitive. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The human perception is complex. B．Eye movements lead to brain responses. C．Scientists know what your eyes talk to your ears. D．The evolution of hearing is discovered by scientists. 10（25-26高三上·河北保定·开学考试） Are you a fan of spending your lunch breaks in a park? Or do you walk your dog in a park each morning and evening? Well, if you do, we have good news for you: Studies have confirmed that spending just 20 minutes in a park every day will make you happier and less stressed—regardless of whether or not you’re exercising while you’re there. A recent study from University of Michigan suggests that spending at least 20 minutes wandering or sitting in a place where you’re in contact with nature significantly lowers stress levels. “Our study shows that for the greatest payoff, in terms of efficiently lowering levels of stress, you should spend 20 to 30 minutes sitting or walking in a place that provides you with a sense of nature,” says lead researcher Mary Carol Hunter. “You don’t have to travel to the wildlands. Getting out of an office block and sitting next to a tree can be enough.” Meanwhile, another study by King’s College London researchers finds that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, looking at the sky, and feeling in contact with nature are associated with higher levels of mental well-being. In some cases, these beneficial effects impact people positively for up to seven hours afterwards. The latest research, published today by Aarhus University, Denmark, suggests that children who grow up with greener surroundings have up to 55% less risk of developing various mental disorders later in life. The results are perhaps unsurprising. Multiple studies have previously highlighted the benefits of nature on a person’s mental health and emphasized the need for designing greener cities for the future and protecting our existing parks. However, the challenge facing cities is that planners and developers are eager to replace green space with residential and commercial buildings. 1．What will Mary Carol Hunter most probably advise us to do to reduce stress? (细节理解题) A．Put some flowers in the office. B．Spend 25 minutes in nature each day. C．Go to wildlands once a week. D．Do exercise each morning at home. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The challenge facing cities. B．The healing effects of trees. C．Nature’s impact on efficiency. D．The lasting influence of green space. 3．What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph? A．The conclusion of the studies is not reliable. B．The studies have ground-breaking significance. C．The urban planning is going in a wrong direction. D．Cities will become greener and healthier in the future. 4．How is the text mainly developed? A．By listing examples. B．By analyzing data. C．By conducting surveys. D．By making comparisons. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第10页，共25页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $专题06细节理解题 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 细节理解题五年高考 考情 统计 【知能解读 02 】 细节理解题五年高考考情解读 【知能解读 03 】 细节理解题五年高考考点分类 【知能解读 04 】 细节理解题五年高考选项特点 【知能解读 05 】 阅读理解 满分突破 的 思维导图 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 直接 信息题解题指导 【重难点突破 0 2 】 直接 信息题解题指导 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 间接信息题解题指导 【易混易错 0 2 】 间接信息题跟踪训练 【易混易错 0 3 】 数字计算题解题指导 【易混易错 0 4 】 数字计算题跟踪训练 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧 0 1 】 阅读细节理解题答题误区 【方法技巧 0 2 】 阅读细节理解题误区应对 【方法技巧 0 3 】 阅读细节理解题满分策略 【方法技巧 0 4 】 细节理解题同义替换归纳 ) 01细节理解题五年高考考情统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025全国一卷 7 1 6 1 2025全国二卷 8 1 4 2 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 2021新课标I卷 8 1 4 2 2021新课标II卷 11 1 2 1 2021全国甲卷 5 1 8 1 2021全国乙卷 6 1 6 2 02细节理解题五年高考考情解读 1.选材特点 ①题材更丰富多元：选材来自国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体等，涵盖科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等各个领域。 ②语篇更具实用性：越来越注重选取与现实生活紧密相关、具有实际应用价值的文本，如科技成果介绍、生活小贴士、文化活动报道等，要求考生能够从文本中获取具体的实用信息。 2.题型设置 ①设题方式更灵活：不再局限于传统的“Wh-”问题（如what、where、when、who、why）和判断正误题，可能会出现图表题、排序题、信息匹配题等多种形式，考查考生对不同类型信息的提取和处理能力。 ②跨段落细节整合增多：答案可能不再局限于某一个段落，而是需要考生从多个段落中提取相关细节信息，并进行整合和归纳，对考生把握文章整体结构和梳理信息的能力要求更高。 ③增加隐含细节考查：除了直接在文中能够找到的显性细节，会更多地设置需要考生通过对上下文的理解、推理才能得出答案的隐含细节题，考查考生的深度理解能力。 ④细节理解题每年占6-9题，细节杂糅更普遍：将文章中不同位置的细节信息进行拼凑组合，形成一个看似与原文相关，但实际上逻辑混乱或与原文不符的干扰项，让考生难以辨别。体裁以应用文为主，说明文和记叙文为辅。 3.能力要求 ①信息定位要求提高：阅读量和阅读速度要求持续提升，考生需要在有限时间内快速浏览文章，精准定位到与题目相关的细节信息。 ②综合理解能力凸显：考生不仅要理解单个句子或段落中的细节，还需要理解细节之间的逻辑关系，以及这些细节与文章主旨、作者观点之间的联系，对综合理解能力的要求不断提高。 03细节理解题五年高考考点分类 04细节理解题五年高考选项特点 1.正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误 05阅读理解满分突破思维导图 01直接信息题解题指导 1.题型解读 解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。 2.命题方式 22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? (2025全国一卷) 23. What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey? (2025全国一卷) 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? (2024新课标I卷) 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? (2024全国甲卷) 29. What are the selected artworks about? (2023新课标II卷) 3.思维导图 4.解题步骤 第一步: 读题干, 抓住关键词; 第二步: 带着问题快速阅读短文, 找出与问题有关的词语或句子; 第三步: 仔细对比选项和原文信息, 继而找出答案。 02 直接信息理解题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷A篇片段) English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow, Shropshire … Shrewsbury, Shropshire … Mevagissey, Cornwall … 21. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A. In the Ludlow Castle. B. In the Foodie Center of England. C. In the Hereford Cathedral. D. In the Black and White House Museum. 第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Where,find, original copy,the Magna Carta 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据Hereford, Herefordshire部分中“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。there是信息词，there= The Hereford Cathedral。 第三步：比对选项信息。《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于赫里福德大教堂。故选C。 跟踪训练2 (2024新课标I卷A篇片段) HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM … GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS … 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词What, the lower age limit, joining the Habitat Restoration Team。 第二步：根据关键词定位到AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分，“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，本段提到Volunteers aged 10 and over, youth under the age of 15和Volunteers under the age of 18。结合题干the lower age limit，可知栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 跟踪训练3 (2024全国甲卷A篇片段) Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity … Wheel Throwing … Knitting and Pom-Pom Making … 22. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Which program, join, if you're interested in drawing pictures。 第二步：根据关键词定位到Light Awash in Watercolor部分，“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880 — 1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。文中watercolor paint，painting tricks和American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.都是一个“绘画”主题。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练4 (2023新课标I卷A篇片段) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike … Prices … Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 23. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where, the guided city tour, start。 第二步：根据关键词定位到根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。同义替换：start= depart from。 第三步：比对选项得出答案D。 01间接信息题解题指导 间接细节题是直接信息的转述、原文信息的间接表达、直接信息背后隐含内容的表达。相比直接信息题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。 1.思维导图 2.解题思路 在解答间接信息题时，我们还可采用排除法，这就要求我们了解选项的特点。间接信息题的正确选项不会照搬原文，会对原文信息进行改写，常见的改写方式有：替换原文中的关键词；改变关键词的词性；简化语言表达。干扰项往往根据文中的某个细节来设置，常有以下几种情况：①无中生有：选项信息在文中根本没有提到或与文中信息完全相反；②张冠李戴：把A事物的信息加诸在B事物上；③断章取义：选项中含有部分原文信息，但整体描述不准确（这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要特别注意）。 02 间接信息题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷A篇片段) This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Wipke，suggest，energy transition。 第二步：根据题干定位到最后一段中“We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)。We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used. (我们需要加快绿色能源的发展，而这些能源都会得到利用。)。Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。need to speed up the development=Putting more effort into，green energy= renewables是同义替换。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 跟踪训练2 (2025全国二卷B篇片段) English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire … Ludlow, Shropshire … Shrewsbury, Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere-hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. Mevagissey, Cornwall .. 22. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? A. It’s situated near a big island. B. It’s almost surrounded by water. C. It’s known for its flower festival. D. It’s easily accessible from London. 解析： 第一步：阅读题干，提炼出关键词：feature，Shrewsbury Town Center。 第二步：根据题干定位到文章第四段Shrewsbury, Shropshire部分。“The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. (塞文河在流经小镇时出现一个明显的转弯，几乎将什鲁斯伯里镇中心变成一座孤岛。这种地形造就了一个绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为运输通道来收发货物)”可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。It’s almost surrounded by water=has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center，答案是对原文转换和高度概括。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 跟踪训练3 (2024新课标I卷D篇片段) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. … 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词What, know about, the records of species collected now。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位到第一段：“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records= They are mostly in electronic form，electronic是对原文高度概括。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 跟踪训练4 (2020全国III卷B篇片段) Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. … The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. … There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar. … 25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast? A. It’s a brief account of a trip. B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man. C. It’s a record of a historic event. D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词What, know about, the book A Moveable Feast。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位到第三段。本段中的Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating, an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time介绍了海明威的《流动的盛宴》的内容，其中的memoir（自传）,an aging writer looking back on（一位上了年纪的作家回顾）表明这本书写的是作者海明威自己年轻时的经历。B项中的young是对aging、looking back on、an ambitious yet simpler time等表达的归纳概括。这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 03数字计算题解题指导 细节理解之数字计算题考点是高考中的必考点。数字计算题考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找相关的文章内容，提取相关信息，进行简单的计算，就可以得出正确答案。预测在2026高考中，数字计算题会在广告信息文章中和说明文中的部分试题中呈现。 1.思维导图 2.解题步骤 原文定位：依据题干关键词，然后寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。 理清关系：数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。 特别关注：decade 十年fortnight两周double两倍 couple两个score二十dozen十二off削价，减价discount折扣。 做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 04数字计算题跟踪训练 跟踪训练1　(2025全国一卷I阅读A片段) The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词global transport emissions, road vehicles,in 2018。 第二步：根据关键词定位到原文示意图。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 跟踪训练2　(2023新课标I卷阅读A片段) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. ... Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 Guided City Tours … 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ A．15.75.　 B．19.50. C． 22.75. D． 29.50. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词How much, a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days。 第二步：根据关键词定位到原文定价表第二列最后两行，由表格可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，每加一天需要8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 跟踪训练3　(2023新课标I卷阅读A片段) Henry Raeburn (1756-1823) The Exhibition This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. Lecture Series … Exhibition Times … Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and Colleges A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A. £4. B. £8. C. £12. D. £16. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词How much, a couple with two children under 12, pay for admission。 第二步：根据关键词定位到Admission部分“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 跟踪训练4　(2025浙江1月卷阅读A片段) Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? … How Long Does It Take? … Length of Loans … Notification/Delivery Options … Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 23. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词How much, pay for, two articles, from an international library。 第二步：根据关键词定位到Interlibrary Loan Fees表格部分：International Libraries 可知，从国际图书馆获取一篇文章或章节的费用是$15，那么两篇文章的费用是$15 ×2 = $30 第三步：比对选项得出答案D。 01 阅读细节理解题答题误区 1.扩缩范围 选项中的描述将原文内容扩大或缩小，与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动。干扰项常使用与文中某句话相似的句子结构和陈述，但在关键地方换了单词，增加或删除了部分信息，从而改变了句意。 2.张冠李戴 所述细节确实与原文一致，但变换了主体，把文中的 “张三” 换成了选项中的 “李四”。或者把文中作者的观点与他人的观点混淆在一起，比如题干问的是作者的观点，选项陈述的是他人的观点。 3.无中生有 选项内容在意思上符合常识，但与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。考生容易在没有充分理解文章信息的情况下凭主观臆断答错题。 4.原词再现 选项内容部分是文章原文原句或原词，实则部分正确或部分错误，考生对具体信息的内容记忆不全，对这样的试题缺少足够的判断，错选选项。 02 阅读细节理解题误区应对 1.精准定位 先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句。如 2022 年海淀区高三 “一模” 试题中问 “According to the passage, what is‘fresh start effect’”，考生可根据题干定位到文章第一段相关内容。 2.仔细核对 将选项与定位到的原文内容进行仔细对照比较，看选项是否与原文完全一致，注意关键词的同义替换、句式的转换等。对于一些看似与原文相似的选项，要特别注意其是否在范围、主体、时态等方面与原文有差异。 3.避免主观臆断 严格依据原文内容答题，不要仅凭自己的常识或主观想法去选择答案。如果原文中没有明确提及的内容，即使选项看起来很合理，也不能选。 4.全面捕捉信息 当细节理解题考查的是多处信息的整合时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据 “一面之词” 草率地得出结论。 03 阅读细节理解题满分策略 一、阅读理解应用文细节理解题居多，落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”。 二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 三、文章出处题注意利用文章“总分”结构，即首尾段相关关键词作答。 四、写作意图题要结合试题内容类型，尤其是首尾段做出合理推测判断。 五、写作对象题需要结合首尾段关键信息，对象可能是家长、游客等。 六、规范训练目标：先题后文，做标记，留痕迹；零失误，限时6分钟/篇。 04细节理解题同义替换归纳 1.高频同义转换（动词类） 动词类同义替换（一） 动词类同义替换（二） book=reserve=order conduct=carry out please=amuse=entertain improve=promote guarantee=ensure document=record ruin=destroy=damage=violate declare=announce=inform divide=separate=part with complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve delay=put off=postpone give=supply=provide=offer encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur reject=refuse=turn down=decline receive=accept see=observe=notice=spot search=explore connect=link=relate=associate discourage=frustrate rent=hire prove=turn out remove=get rid of admire=appreciate possess=own decide=determine=resolve to do get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess 2.高频同义转换（名词类） 名词类同义替换（一） 名词类同义替换（二） data=statistics novel=fiction feature=characteristics career=occupation manners=etiquette gratitude=appreciation experiment=trial personality=character stress=pressure origin=pioneer circumstance=environment=atmosphere creation=innovation achievement=recognition option=choice=selection material=resource luggage=baggage=package rule=regulation=principle direction=discipline=guideline colleague=coworker essay=passage=article=text approach=way=method=means 14 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 3.高频同义转换（形容词副词类） 形容词副词类同义替换（一） 形容词副词类同义替换（二） delicious=tasty attentive=focused original=initial final=eventual obvious=evident=Striking accurate=exact authentic=true=genuine thrilling=frightening thrilled=excited time-honored=has a long history dull=boring daring=brave extra=additional glad=pleased=delighted touched=moved accessible=available=at hand appropriate=proper=suitable appealing=attractive complex=complicated safe=secure 3.高频同义转换（高频短语类） 高频短语类同义替换（一） 高频短语类同义替换（二） ahead of time=in advance=previous places of interest=tourist attraction result in=lead to=contribute to be accustomed to=be used to doing prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from join in=take part in=participate in =involve in=be engaged in get ready for=be prepared for focus on =concentrate on transform A into B=turn A into B in the long term=in the long run hold on to=insist take action=take measures=take steps to keep in touch with=contact deal with=cope with=handle with=address at the same time=meanwhile on the spot=on the scene be proud of=take pride in head into=leave for arrive at=reach=get to=approach in spite of=despite from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view try doing=attempt to be filled with=be charged with=be full of run into=come across take the place of=replace from time to time=once in a while be caught in=be trapped in consist of =be made up of for a moment=for a while a collection of =a series of figure out=find out bright up=light up roll around=turn up give...a lecture=deliver a speech draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for in favor of=favorable ( 细节理解题 综合能力提升 ) 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01 (2024浙江1月卷) Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? (细节理解题) A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough. C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath. 22. What can we learn about the two actors? (细节理解题) A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in “Ragtime”. C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago. 23. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? (细节理解题) A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities. C. Technical support. D. Educational resources. 【答案】21. A22. C23. D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。 21.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。 22.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。 23.细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D项。 02 (2023浙江1月卷) Explorers Camp •Full day camp for kids aged 5-13. •Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12 Week 2 | July 15-19 Week 3 | July 22-26 •Register for a single week or multiple weeks. •Fees: $365 per week. •The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp Structure The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. Camp Content Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. Camp Staff Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 21. On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund? (细节理解题) A. June 12. B. June 22. C. July 19. D. July 26. 22. How are campers divided into different groups? (细节理解题) A. By gender. B. By nationality. C. By interest. D. By age. 23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week? (细节理解题) A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42. 【答案】21. A22. D23. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了探险家营地的相关信息。 21.细节理解题。根据“•The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. (取消注册并获得全额退款的最后一天是6月15日)”可知，你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。故选A。 22.细节理解题。根据Camp Structure部分中的“The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.(白天按每个年龄组分为两个专题会议)”可知，露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。故选D。 23.细节理解题。根据“•Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。 03 (2023新课标I卷) Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A. He’s open-minded. B. He’s sharp-eyed. C. He’s warm-hearted. D. He’s strong-willed. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 26. What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? (细节理解题) A. He drove Butch to its owner. B. He sent presents to his friends. C. He prepared a retirement party. D. He said goodbye to the neighbors. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。 24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns (草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他把杂货搬进来；他注意到那些没锁的门，提供园艺方面的建议，还教了几个小男孩曲球的艺术。当他不做这些事情的时候，吉姆会跑过棋盘状的绿色草坪，以确保当地的邮政服务不会达不到每天的承诺)”可推知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C项。 25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词句“Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on.(虽然邮政服务现在经常disparaged，但人们对当地邮政服务的信任仍然存在)”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评，由此表明，邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。由此可知，划线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B项。 26.细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories.(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱)”可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外，还向邻居们告别。故选D项。 27. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A项。 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 05（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试） Information for School Activities to Kew Gardens Kew Gardens are famous for its diverse living plants and a wide range of educational events and activities. Below is the necessary information about planning a school visit to Kew. Educational Session Prices Students will participate in the educational sessions in groups of 15. Prices vary based on different situations: For Early Years Foundation Stage • Key Stage 4: 45-minute sessions; £35/ group; 90-minute sessions; £70/ group • Key Stage 5: Half day (1 session) : £80/ group: Full day (2 sessions) : £160/ group For Teachers and Adults • One adult accompanying one pupil: Free: • Adults above the required ratios: £11/ person The payment will be due within 28 calendar days of making the booking. Health and Safety Required Supervising (监护) Adult-Student Ratio: • Key Stage 4   1:12 • Key Stage 5   1:6 The group sizes should be controlled if you are visiting restricted or potentially busy areas such as glasshouses and other attractions. The maximum number of students visiting the greenhouses is 15 per group; each group to Kew shops should include no more than 10 students. Risk Assessment Standard risk assessment directs you to customize a student-oriented risk assessment. If there is an emergency, do not call 999, contact the nearest staff or call Constabulary on 0208 332 3333. Planning Your Visit Your tickets and two planning passes will be sent to you upon the receipt of your payment. You can complete your risk assessment with the passes. Show the tickets and receipt documents to the gates staff on the day of visit. Recommended Timings Our gardens open at 10 a.m. You are recommended to spend at least three hours on your visits. The closing times vary while the earliest is 3:30 p.m. We have a fixed schedule for education sessions, which is from 10:30 a.m. to 2:20 p.m. (except KS5). 1．If a group of 12 KS4 students and 2 teachers chooses a 45-min session, how much should be paid? (细节理解题) A．£35. B．£46. C．£57. D．£81. 2．What should one do in case of emergency? A．Refer to the risk assessment. B．Telephone 999 immediately. (细节理解题) C．Ask adults for help. D．Seek help from the staff nearby. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To describe the Kew Garden. B．To employ the staff. C．To guide school visitors. D．To introduce the activities. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了学校组织参观邱园的相关信息，包括教育课程价格等。 1．细节理解题。根据Educational Session Prices中“For Early Years Foundation Stage• Key Stage 4: 45-minute sessions; £35/ group; 90-minute sessions; £70/ group (针对幼儿基础阶段关键阶段4：45 分钟课程，每组35英镑；90分钟课程，每组70英镑)”以及 “For Teachers and Adults• One adult accompanying one pupil: Free:• Adults above the required ratios: £11/ person (针对教师及成人一名成人陪同一名学生：免费超出规定比例的成人：每人11英镑)”Health and Safety中“Required Supervising (监护) Adult-Student Ratio:• Key Stage 4 1:12 (所需监护成人与学生比例：・关键阶段4 1:12)”可知，12名 KS4学生按比例需1名成人，现有2名教师，超出1名，需支付11英镑。课程费用35英镑，总计35+11=46英镑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Risk Assessment中“If there is an emergency, do not call 999, contact the nearest staff or call Constabulary on 0208 332 3333. (如果发生紧急情况，不要拨打999，联系最近的工作人员或拨打02083323333联系警察。)”可知，遇到紧急情况应向附近工作人员求助。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Below is the necessary information about planning a school visit to Kew. (以下是计划学校参观邱园的必要信息。)”可知，本文目的是指导学校参观者。故选C。 05（2025高三上·全国·专题练习） New Scientist is the world’s most popular weekly science and technology publication. Our website, app and print editions cover international news from a scientific standpoint. Highlights: News & Features Daily online updates and weekly magazine top picks bring you the latest scientific news, covering everything from artificial intelligence to breakthroughs in health and quantum (量子) physics. Written by researchers and expert journalists, feature articles separate fact from fiction and turn discoveries into easy-to-understand knowledge — no science background needed. Culture This section explores the intersection of science and culture, featuring reviews of books, events, and exhibitions. It highlights the impact of science on society and the arts. Views We present readers’ letters, opinions, and articles by editors, offering in-depth analysis and diverse viewpoints on science, culture, and social issues. This section encourages critical thinking and discussion. Subscriber-only Benefits: ·Exclusive (专享的) access to articles with great content ·Priority to paid tours to sites of scientific importance worldwide ·Four free virtual events each year, including lectures and masterclasses on science topics ·Newsletters with the latest news and insights, sent directly to your email or digital devices Best offer Digital accessAPP+ Website Subscription √Unlimited access to newscientist. com √Unrestricted access to the app Trial: $10 for 10 weeks ○Then $49.99 every 3 months ○Then $200 $99 annually Print and digital accessAPP+ Website Subscription √Unlimited access to newscientist. com √Unrestricted access to the app √Print edition delivered directly to your door each week Trial: $20 for 10 weeks ○Then $64.99 every 3 months ○Then $240 $199 annually 1．What can you find in New Scientist? (细节理解题) A．Latest science fiction. B．Beginner-friendly science articles. C．Academic writing guide. D．In-depth scientific research papers. 2．What is an advantage of being a subscriber? (细节理解题) A．Staying informed of updates. B．Taking discounted science tours. C．Getting free reading devices. D．Attending lectures in universities. 3．How much is the annual subscription for print and digital access after the 10-week trial? (细节理解题) A．$99. B．$109. C．$199. D．$2 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《新科学家》这本杂志的内容亮点及订阅者专享福利和订阅价格。 1．细节理解题。根据News & Features部分中“Written by researchers and expert journalists, feature articles separate fact from fiction and turn discoveries into easy-to-understand knowledge — no science background needed.(由研究人员和专家记者撰写，专题文章将事实与虚构分开，并将发现转化为易于理解的知识——不需要科学背景)”可知，在《新科学家》中你可以找到适合初学者的科普文章。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Subscriber-only Benefits部分中“Newsletters with the latest news and insights, sent directly to your email or digital devices(直接发送到您的电子邮件或数字设备上的包含最新新闻和见解的通讯)”可知，订阅者的一个优势是可以及时了解更新内容。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据Print and digital access部分中“Then $240 $199 annually(然后每年240美元降至199美元)”可知，10周试用期后，印刷版和数字版的年订阅费是199美元。故选C。 06（2025·陕西安康·三模） The waiting room was crowded with little kids and their parents, but I knew this was something I, a housewife, needed to start doing. When my name was called, I entered the small room, wiping the sweat from my palms. “Oh!” the young woman greeted me. “I wasn’t expecting to see any, uh... adults!” When my friends turned fifty, they did exciting things to celebrate, like a trip to the sunny south, a fancy dinner or a new hairstyle. I decided to learn to play the cello (大提琴). I had heard that learning a musical instrument boosts brainpower, so to fight against my ageing, I went to the music store to peruse the options. Never having played strings before, I rented a cello to see what I thought, and it was love at first note. My new cello teacher was as young as my daughter, and as she handed me the cello music, she inquired as to how long I’d been playing. “I just started,” I mumbled. “I guess we’ll start you off like my other students,” she said, handing me a book full of photos of four-year-old cellists. I started lessons two years ago, and now I play every day. Eagerly, I anticipate my cello practice time every evening, craving it, and loving the calm that always arrives. I have no idea how much I will enjoy the cello and how much I need it. I’m not sure where this cello playing will take me, but I love mentioning casually in conversation, “Yeah, I was just playing my cello today...” Recently, I played with a group of musicians. To my surprise, people applauded at the end. My friends’ new hairstyles have all grown back. Their trips are nothing but memories, but I have dents(凹痕) in my fingers and a strategy for keeping calm for the next thirty years until I find another new instrument to try. 1．How did the author feel when she entered the music room? A．Shocked. B．Calm. C．Confident. D．Nervous. 2．Why did the author choose to learn music at fifty? (细节理解题) A．To make her childhood dream come true. B．To maintain her mental abilities. C．To satisfy the expectation of her family. D．To try something different from her friends. 3．Why does the author look forward to practicing the cello every day? (细节理解题) A．She enjoys showing off. B．She wants to impress others. C．She is preparing for a performance. D．She loves the feeling it brings to her. 4．What can we learn from this story? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．It’s never too late to follow your heart. D．It’s too late to learn something you like. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位五十岁的家庭主妇在朋友们通过旅行、吃大餐或做新发型等方式庆祝五十岁生日时，选择学习拉大提琴的经历和感悟。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“When my name was called, I entered the small room, wiping the sweat from my palms.(当叫到我的名字时，我走进小房间，擦了擦掌心的汗水)”可知，作者走进音乐教室时很紧张。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“I had heard that learning a musical instrument boosts brainpower, so to fight against my ageing, I went to the music store to peruse the options.(我听说学习乐器可以提高智力，所以为了对抗我的衰老，我去音乐商店仔细挑选)”可知，作者五十岁时选择学习音乐是为了保持她的智力。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I started lessons two years ago, and now I play every day. Eagerly, I anticipate my cello practice time every evening, craving it, and loving the calm that always arrives.(我两年前开始上课，现在我每天都练习。我热切地盼望着每天晚上的大提琴练习时间，渴望它，喜欢它带来的平静)”可知，作者每天盼望着练习大提琴是因为她喜欢大提琴给她带来的感觉。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“When my friends turned fifty, they did exciting things to celebrate, like a trip to the sunny south, a fancy dinner or a new hairstyle. I decided to learn to play the cello (大提琴).(当我的朋友们五十岁的时候，他们会做一些令人兴奋的事情来庆祝，比如去阳光明媚的南方旅行，吃一顿丰盛的晚餐，或者做一个新发型。我决定学习大提琴)”和最后一段“Recently, I played with a group of musicians. To my surprise, people applauded at the end. My friends’ new hairstyles have all grown back. Their trips are nothing but memories, but I have dents (凹痕) in my fingers and a strategy for keeping calm for the next thirty years until I find another new instrument to try.(最近，我和一群音乐家一起演奏。令我惊讶的是，最后人们鼓掌了。我朋友的新发型都长回来了。他们的旅行只是回忆，但我的手指上有凹痕，还有一个在接下来的三十年里保持冷静的策略，直到我找到另一种新的乐器来尝试)”及全文内容可知，文章讲述了作者在五十岁时决定学习大提琴，尽管一开始紧张且担心自己与其他年轻学生不同，但她坚持了下来，并从中获得了极大的乐趣和满足感。由此推知，这个故事传达了一个信息：追求自己的梦想和兴趣永远不会太晚。故选C项。 07（2025·山东淄博·三模） Anna Du was walking along the beach at Castle Island in South Boston when she noticed plastic scattered (散落) across the shoreline. She bent down to pick some up but quickly realized there were far too many tiny pieces to handle. “When I saw how much plastic there was, it seemed impossible to clean it all up,” recalls Du, who was in sixth grade at the time. Instead of giving up, Du tackled the problem like any good scientist — starting with research. That’s how she discovered that 8 million tons of plastic end up in the oceans every year. Inspired by her findings, Du decided to build a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) to detect microplastics on the ocean floor. Her ROV, made from PVC pipes, features two main systems: a navigation system and a detection system. The navigation system uses propellers (螺旋桨) and a combination of fishing weights and foam floats (lightweight materials that keep the device floating) to move up and down. The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. Actually, the device doesn’t collect microplastics, but it identifies where they accumulate. Du has even applied for a patent on the Rov’s key components. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics — unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are not floating on the surface — she knew an ROV would be the most efficient tool. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ. Her ROV. impressed many experts with its clever design. “She has an impressive engineering instinct,” says Casey Mach ado, an engineer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. “Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable.” “I want to be an engineer because I love building things to help solve global problems,” says Du. “But I’m not sure yet what kind of engineer I want to be.” At her age, she has plenty of time to figure that out. 1．What motivates Anna Du to build the ROV? (细节理解题) A．Her interest in engineering design. B．Her discovery of plastic pollution. C．Her participation in a school project. D．Her desire for marine biology. 2．What is the highlight of Au’s invention? (细节理解题) A．Its use of recycled PVC materials. B．Its ability to classify plastic types. C．Its floating control system. D．Its advanced detection system. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The necessity of ROV. B．The impact of microplastics. C．The challenges in the invention. D．The limitation of the traditional lab. 4．Which of the following best describes Anna Du? A．Cooperative. B．Particular. C．Humble. D．Creative. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anna Du发现海洋塑料污染问题后，设计并建造了一台能够探测海底微塑料的遥控潜水器。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中““When I saw how much plastic there was, it seemed impossible to clean it all up,” recalls Du, who was in sixth grade at the time. ('我看到那么多塑料时，感觉根本不可能全部清理干净，’当时上六年级的Du回忆道。)”和第二段中“Inspired by her findings, Du decided to build a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) to detect microplastics on the ocean floor. (受她的发现启发，Du决定制造一个远程操控潜水器（ROV）来探测海底的微塑料。)”可知，Anna Du对塑料污染的发现促使她制造远程操控潜水器。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. (然而，检测系统才是真正的创新。它使用红外相机和光波长来探测微塑料，使这些微塑料在沙子和植物的背景下清晰可见)”可知，Du的发明亮点在于其先进的检测系统。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics — unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are not floating on the surface — she knew an ROV would be the most efficient tool. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ. (面对定位海洋微塑料的挑战——与大太平洋垃圾带不同，这些微塑料并不漂浮在水面上——她知道远程操控潜水器将是最有效的工具。采集水样并在实验室进行分析，永远无法达到所需的规模。相反，她需要一个移动实验室来现场检测塑料。)”可知，本段主要讲述了远程操控潜水器对于探测海底微塑料的必要性。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Inspired by her findings, Du decided to build a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) to detect micro plastics on the ocean floor. (受她的发现启发，Du决定制造一个远程操控潜水器（ROV）来探测海底的微塑料。)”和倒数第二段中“Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable. (她具有令人赞叹的工程直觉，分解问题并创造解决方案的能力非同寻常。)”可知，Anna Du能够发明遥控潜水器，说明她是一个有创造力的人。故选D。 08（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试） Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web”. Far from being isolated individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌). The key players in this hidden conversation are mycorrhizal fungi. These thread-like organisms connect tree roots, forming vast networks. Research from the University of British Columbia reveals that up to 90% of land plants depend on these fungi. Through this interdependent relationship, trees exchange nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Older “mother trees” often act as hubs, sending extra sugars to younger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenomenon called “forest family connections”. When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send out warning signals through fungal networks, pushing neighbors to boost defensive resins (树脂). Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid, hack the network to steal nutrients from nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins (毒素) to restrain competitors — a strategy called “biological warfare” by ecologists. Understanding this “social network” challenges traditional views of forests. Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the Internet. Scientists now advocate for selective cutting practices that preserve fungal networks, ensuring forests’ resilience (适应力) to climate change. As author Peter Wohlleben notes in The Hidden Life of Trees, “Forests are super-organisms with intelligence we’re just beginning to decode.” This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word. 1．What method do acacia trees use to warn nearby trees of giraffe feeding? (细节理解题) A．Producing defensive resins in bark. B．Transmitting electrical signals through roots. C．Releasing a warning gas into the air. D．Increasing sugar distribution via fungal networks. 2．What does “biological warfare” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Using chemicals to kill insects. B．Releasing poisons to contain competitors. C．Fighting for sunlight through height. D．Stealing nutrients via underground roots. 3．Why should mother trees be preserved according to scientists? (细节理解题) A．They attract diverse wildlife species. B．They offer young trees nutrients. C．They battle against climate change. D．They maintain ecosystem stability. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．The defensive strategies of trees. B．The cooperative interaction between trees. C．The important role of mother trees. D．The hidden communication among trees. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了森林中被科学家称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络系统。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. (2023年《自然•生态与进化》上的一项研究表明，被长颈鹿啃食的金合欢树会产生乙烯气体。附近的树木会在几分钟内从空气中接收到这些化学信号，并增加鞣酸的产生，使它们的叶子变得更苦且口感变差。)”可知，金合欢树是通过向空气中释放乙烯这种警告气体来提醒附近树木有长颈鹿在进食。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid, hack the network to steal nutrients from nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins (毒素) to restrain competitors (并非所有的互动都是合作性的。有些植物，比如幽灵兰花，会利用网络从附近的树木中窃取养分，却不给予任何回报。其他物种，如黑胡桃树，则会释放毒素来抑制竞争对手)”可推理出，biological warfare指的是释放毒素来抑制竞争对手。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the Internet. (砍伐占主导地位的母树可能会使整个生态系统崩溃，这就好比从互联网中移除服务器一样。)”可知，科学家认为应该保护母树是因为它们能维持生态系统的稳定。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the ‘Wood Wide Web’. Far from being isolated individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌). (在安静的森林表面下，隐藏着一个繁忙的网络，科学家称之为“森林万维网”。树木不是孤立的个体，而是通过真菌的地下系统交流、共享资源，甚至发出警告。)”和最后一段中的“This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word. (我们脚下的这种无声对话提醒我们，自然界最深刻的交流往往无需一言半语。)”可知，文章开篇就提到森林中存在被称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络，树木通过它进行无声交流、共享资源。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是树木之间隐藏的交流。故选D项。 09（25-26高三上·河北衡水·开学考试） Back in 2018, scientists at Duke University discovered that each time our eyes move, our ears make a squeaking (吱吱声) noise, which is hard or unable to hear. Now, the researchers have developed a method of telling where a person is looking by analyzing those sounds. Although we don’t consciously hear the noises, they can be picked up by a highly sensitive microphone placed in the ear canal. Lead scientist Professor Jennifer Groh believes that they may occur as eye movements trigger the brain to contract either the middle ear muscles or the hair cells — doing the former helps dampen loud noises, while doing the latter amplifies (放大) quiet ones. This arrangement could help us make sense of our surroundings, by automatically adjusting the sensitivity of our hearing based on what we’re looking at. In a recent experiment, Groh’s team and Professor Christopher Shera from the University of Southern California recruited 16 adults, all with good vision and hearing, to take a simple test. The volunteers started by visually tracking the movements of a green dot on a computer screen, without moving their heads. As they did so, an eye-tracking camera recorded the direction of their gaze, while microphones in their ear canals recorded their ear sounds. When the eye video and ear audio recordings were subsequently cross-referenced, it was found that eye movements in specific directions produced specific types of ear noises. The scientists were thus able to tell where a participant’s gaze was focused, simply by identifying what sort of noise “signature” their ears were making. It was also possible to do the opposite — the researchers could accurately tell what sort of sounds the volunteers’ ears were making, by tracking the direction of their gaze. It is hoped that the team’s findings will contribute to a better understanding of human perception (感知), possibly leading to more accurate and informative hearing tests. “If each part of the ear contributes individual rules for the eardrum signal, then they could be used as a type of clinical tool to assess which part of the anatomy in the ear is malfunctioning,” said Stephanie Lovich, one of the lead authors of the paper and a graduate student in psychology& neuroscience at Duke. 1．Why do the ear noises occur according to Professor Jennifer Groh? (细节理解题) A．Some noises echo in the ear canal occasionally. B．The head moves too quickly along with the ears. C．A highly sensitive microphone usually causes the noises. D．The brain contracts muscles or hair cells with eye movements. 2．What potential outcome do the researchers anticipate from their findings? (细节理解题) A．Creating a new type of hearing aid. B．Enhancing the design of microphones. C．Understanding human perception better. D．Replacing traditional vision tests with new technology. 3．What does Stephanie Lovich think of these findings? A．Complex. B．Promising. C．Faulty. D．Primitive. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The human perception is complex. B．Eye movements lead to brain responses. C．Scientists know what your eyes talk to your ears. D．The evolution of hearing is discovered by scientists. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现眼睛移动时耳朵会产生声音，并开发出通过分析这些声音来判断人的注视方向的方法，还介绍了相关实验及研究的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Lead scientist Professor Jennifer Groh believes that they may occur as eye movements trigger the brain to contract either the middle ear muscles or the hair cells — doing the former helps dampen loud noises, while doing the latter amplifies quiet ones.(首席科学家Jennifer Groh教授认为，这可能是因为眼球运动触发了大脑收缩中耳肌肉或毛细胞——前者有助于抑制噪音，而后者则放大安静的声音。)”可知，Jennifer Groh教授认为耳音的出现是因为大脑会随着眼睛的运动收缩肌肉或毛细胞。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is hoped that the team’s findings will contribute to a better understanding of human perception (感知), possibly leading to more accurate and informative hearing tests.(希望该小组的研究结果将有助于更好地理解人类感知，可能带来更准确和信息丰富的听力测试。)”可知，研究人员预计他们的发现能更好地理解人类感知。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If each part of the ear contributes individual rules for the eardrum signal, then they could be used as a type of clinical tool to assess which part of the anatomy in the ear is malfunctioning,” said Stephanie Lovich, one of the lead authors of the paper and a graduate student in psychology& neuroscience at Duke.(如果耳朵的每个部分都为耳膜信号贡献了单独的规则，那么它们就可以作为一种临床工具来评估耳朵的哪个解剖部位出现了故障，”该论文的主要作者之一、杜克大学心理学和神经科学研究生Stephanie Lovich说”。)”可知，Stephanie Lovich认为这些发现是有希望的。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Back in 2018, scientists at Duke University discovered that each time our eyes move, our ears make a squeaking noise, which is hard or unable to hear. Now, the researchers have developed a method of telling where a person is looking by analyzing those sounds.(早在2018年，杜克大学的科学家就发现，每次我们的眼睛移动时，耳朵都会发出吱吱声，这种声音很难或无法听到。现在，研究人员已经开发出一种通过分析这些声音来判断一个人在看哪里的方法。)”和下文内动可知，文章主要讲述了科学家发现眼睛移动时耳朵会产生声音，并开发出通过分析这些声音来判断人的注视方向的方法，还介绍了相关实验及研究的意义，所以文章的最佳标题是C项“科学家知道你的眼睛和耳朵在说什么”，故选C项。 10（25-26高三上·河北保定·开学考试） Are you a fan of spending your lunch breaks in a park? Or do you walk your dog in a park each morning and evening? Well, if you do, we have good news for you: Studies have confirmed that spending just 20 minutes in a park every day will make you happier and less stressed—regardless of whether or not you’re exercising while you’re there. A recent study from University of Michigan suggests that spending at least 20 minutes wandering or sitting in a place where you’re in contact with nature significantly lowers stress levels. “Our study shows that for the greatest payoff, in terms of efficiently lowering levels of stress, you should spend 20 to 30 minutes sitting or walking in a place that provides you with a sense of nature,” says lead researcher Mary Carol Hunter. “You don’t have to travel to the wildlands. Getting out of an office block and sitting next to a tree can be enough.” Meanwhile, another study by King’s College London researchers finds that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, looking at the sky, and feeling in contact with nature are associated with higher levels of mental well-being. In some cases, these beneficial effects impact people positively for up to seven hours afterwards. The latest research, published today by Aarhus University, Denmark, suggests that children who grow up with greener surroundings have up to 55% less risk of developing various mental disorders later in life. The results are perhaps unsurprising. Multiple studies have previously highlighted the benefits of nature on a person’s mental health and emphasized the need for designing greener cities for the future and protecting our existing parks. However, the challenge facing cities is that planners and developers are eager to replace green space with residential and commercial buildings. 1．What will Mary Carol Hunter most probably advise us to do to reduce stress? (细节理解题) A．Put some flowers in the office. B．Spend 25 minutes in nature each day. C．Go to wildlands once a week. D．Do exercise each morning at home. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The challenge facing cities. B．The healing effects of trees. C．Nature’s impact on efficiency. D．The lasting influence of green space. 3．What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph? A．The conclusion of the studies is not reliable. B．The studies have ground-breaking significance. C．The urban planning is going in a wrong direction. D．Cities will become greener and healthier in the future. 4．How is the text mainly developed? A．By listing examples. B．By analyzing data. C．By conducting surveys. D．By making comparisons. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是自然环境对人类心理健康的积极影响，并通过多项研究结果呼吁保护和增加城市中的绿色空间。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our study shows that for the greatest payoff, in terms of efficiently lowering levels of stress, you should spend 20 to 30 minutes sitting or walking in a place that provides you with a sense of nature(我们的研究表明，要想获得最大的回报，就有效地降低压力水平而言，你应该花20到30分钟坐在或走在一个能让你感受到大自然的地方)”和“You don’t have to travel to the wildlands. Getting out of an office block and sitting next to a tree can be enough.(你不需要去荒野。走出办公大楼，坐在一棵树旁就足够了。)”可知，Mary Carol Hunter最有可能建议我们每天花25分钟在大自然中来减轻压力。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The latest research, published today by Aarhus University, Denmark, suggests that children who grow up with greener surroundings have up to 55% less risk of developing various mental disorders later in life.(丹麦奥胡斯大学今天发表的最新研究表明，在更环保的环境中长大的儿童在以后的生活中患各种精神障碍的风险降低了55%。)”可知，第四段的主要内容是绿色空间的持久影响。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the challenge facing cities is that planners and developers are eager to replace green space with residential and commercial buildings.(然而，城市面临的挑战是，规划者和开发商急于用住宅和商业建筑取代绿色空间。)”可知，作者在最后一段似乎传达的信息是城市规划正朝着错误的方向发展。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Studies have confirmed that spending just 20 minutes in a park every day will make you happier and less stressed—regardless of whether or not you’re exercising while you’re there.(研究已经证实，每天在公园里呆20分钟会让你更快乐，压力更小——不管你在那里是否锻炼。)”可知，本文是通过举一些研究的例子来展开的，故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第24页，共16页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $