Unit6不定式作宾语的基本用法及练习-2025-2026学年人教版八年级上册英语

人教版八年级上册初中英语Unit6不定式作宾语的基本用法及练习 一、不定式作宾语的基本概念和用法 （一）基本概念 不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，在句中充当宾语成分时，称为不定式作宾语。它常位于及物动词之后，用于表示主语的动作、意愿、计划或目的，说明动词的具体内容。 （二）基本结构 1、肯定句基本结构：主语+谓语动词（及物）+to do sth. 在该结构中，“to do sth”作为谓语动词的宾语，用于回答“做什么”的问题。 例句：She hopes to be a doctor. 她希望成为一名医生。 2、否定句结构：在不定式作宾语的否定句中，直接在“to”前加“not”。 例句：I don't want to go to the party. 我不想去参加派对。 3、一般疑问句结构：将助动词提前到句首，句末用问号。 例句：Do you plan to visit the museum this weekend? 你计划这周末去参观博物馆吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, I do. 是的，我计划去。 否定回答：No, I don't. 不，我不计划去。 （三）常用动词及例句 以下动词常接不定式作宾语，用于表达计划、意愿等： （1）want（想要） ①I want to be an engineer when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名工程师。 ②She wants to learn English well this term. 这学期她想学好英语。 （2）plan（计划） ①We plan to have a class meeting about future dreams. 我们计划开一次关于未来梦想的班会。 ②He plans to visit his grandparents next weekend. 他计划下周末去看望祖父母。 （3）decide（决定） ①They decide to join the English club. 他们决定加入英语俱乐部。 ②Lily decides to study harder for the exam. 莉莉决定为了考试更努力学习。 （4）hope（希望） ①I hope to travel around the world someday. 我希望有一天能环游世界。 ②We hope to win the basketball match. 我们希望赢得篮球赛。 （5）wish（希望；愿望） ①She wishes to become a famous singer. 她希望成为一名著名的歌手。 ②My parents wish to see me happy every day. 我父母希望看到我每天都开心。 （6）agree（同意） ①They agree to help us with the project. 他们同意帮助我们做这个项目。 ②She agrees to go to the movies with me. 她同意和我一起去看电影。 （7）afford（负担得起） ①We can't afford to buy a new house now. 我们现在买不起新房子。 ②He can afford to buy a new bike. 他买得起一辆新自行车。 （8）learn（学习） ①I'm learning to play the guitar. 我正在学习弹吉他。 ②They are learning to speak English. 他们正在学习说英语。 （四）接不定式作宾语的动词汇总 动词 例句 want I want to be an engineer when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名工程师。 plan We plan to have a class meeting about future dreams. 我们计划开一次关于未来梦想的班会。 decide They decide to join the English club. 他们决定加入英语俱乐部。 hope I hope to travel around the world someday. 我希望有一天能环游世界。 wish She wishes to become a famous singer. 她希望成为一名著名的歌手。 agree They agree to help us with the project. 他们同意帮助我们做这个项目。 afford We can't afford to buy a new house now. 我们现在买不起新房子。 learn I'm learning to play the guitar. 我正在学习弹吉他。 promise He promised to come to the party on time. 他答应按时来参加派对。 refuse She refused to eat the vegetables. 她拒绝吃蔬菜。 manage He managed to finish the work in time. 他设法及时完成了工作。 expect We expect to see you soon. 我们期待很快见到你。 choose I choose to study science at university. 我选择在大学学习理科。 try We should try to solve the problem ourselves. 我们应该试着自己解决这个问题。 fail He failed to pass the driving test again. 他又没通过驾照考试。 二、不定式作宾语不能省略“to”的情况 （一）接不定式作宾语的动词后 所有接不定式作宾语的动词后，“to”都必须保留，不能省略，如want, plan, decide, hope, wish等动词。 例句： （1）她想买一本新书。 ①She wants to buy a new book.（√） ②She wants buy a new book.（×） （2）我们计划下周日去远足。 ①We plan to go hiking next Sunday.（√） ②We plan go hiking next Sunday.（×） （3）他决定改变他的坏习惯。 ①He decides to change his bad habits.（√） ②He decides change his bad habits.（×） （二）不定式用于固定搭配中 一些固定搭配中的不定式，“to”必须保留。 （1）It's time to have class. 到上课的时间了。 （2）He made up his mind to study abroad. 他下定决心出国留学。 （3）We need to prepare for the exam. 我们需要为考试做准备。 三、不定式作宾语易错知识点及练习 （一）易错知识点一：不定式作宾语时，有些动词后接不定式，有些动词后接动名词，容易混淆 常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want, plan, decide, hope, wish, agree, afford等；常见接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, keep等。 巩固练习 1、She wants (learn) English well. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learns 答案：B 解析：want后接不定式作宾语，即“want to do sth.”，所以选B。 2、They enjoy (play) basketball after school. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 答案：C 解析：enjoy后接动名词作宾语，即“enjoy doing sth.”，所以选C。 3、My brother plans (visit) his friend next month. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 答案：B 解析：plan后接不定式作宾语，“plan to do sth.”，所以选B。 4、He finished (do) his homework an hour ago. A. do B. to do C. doing D. does 答案：C 解析：finish后接动名词作宾语，“finish doing sth.”，所以选C。 5、I hope (see) you soon. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw 答案：B 解析：hope后接不定式作宾语，“hope to do sth.”，所以选B。 （二）易错知识点二：不定式的否定形式位置错误，容易将not放在动词前 不定式的否定形式是在to前面加not，而不是在谓语动词前加not来否定不定式。 巩固训练 1、The teacher tells us (not be) late for class. A. not be B. to not be C. not to be D. be not 答案：C 解析：不定式的否定形式是“not to do sth.”，所以选C。 2、I decided (not go) to the park today. A. not go B. to not go C. not to go D. go not 答案：C 解析：decide后接不定式的否定形式是“decide not to do sth.”，所以选C。 3、My father asks me (not play) computer games too much. A. not play B. to not play C. not to play D. play not 答案：C 解析：ask后接不定式的否定形式是“ask sb. not to do sth.”，所以选C。 4、She hopes (not rain) tomorrow. A. not rain B. to not rain C. not to rain D. rain not 答案：C 解析：hope后接不定式的否定形式是“hope not to do sth.”，所以选C。 5、They plan (not watch) TV tonight. A. not watch B. to not watch C. not to watch D. watch not 答案：C 解析：plan后接不定式的否定形式是“plan not to do sth.”，所以选C。 （三）易错知识点三：混淆to的省略与保留情况 要明确在不定式作宾语时，多数情况下to必须保留，避免误省略。 练习题 1.She wants (buy) a new dress for the party. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 答案：B 解析：want后接不定式作宾语，to必须保留，“want to do sth.”，所以选B。 2.We plan (go) to the beach next holiday. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 答案：B 解析：plan后接不定式作宾语，to必须保留，“plan to do sth.”，所以选B。 3.He hopes (visit) his uncle next month. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 答案：B 解析：hope后接不定式作宾语，to必须保留，“hope to do sth.”，所以选B。 4.They decide (study) harder from now on. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 答案：B 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，to必须保留，“decide to do sth.”，所以选B。 5.It's time (start) our class. A. start B. to start C. starting D. started 答案：B 解析：“It's time to do sth.”是固定搭配，to必须保留，所以选B。 八上初中英语Unit6不定式作宾语专项练习 一、单项选择题 1、My father wants a new car next year. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. buys 2、They plan to the mountains for vacation. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 3、She hopes her grandparents this weekend. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 4、He decided English every morning. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studies 5、They wish around the world someday. A. travel B. to travel C. traveling D. traveled 6、I hope the exam successfully. A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed 7、It's time our class. A. start B. to start C. starting D. started 8、They agreed with us in the project. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 9、She plans a new bike for her brother. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. buys 10、He wishes a good grade in the test. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 二、填空题 1、She wants (be) a doctor when she grows up. 2、We plan (have) a picnic next Sunday. 3、He decided (join) the music club. 4、I hope (see) you again soon. 5、They wish (travel) to Japan next year. 6、She agreed (take) part in the competition. 7、It's time (have) breakfast. 8、He hopes (finish) the work on time. 9、We plan (visit) the Great Wall this summer. 10、She decides (learn) a new language. 三、句子翻译题 1、我想明天去看电影。 2、他们计划下周去参观博物馆。 3、他希望成为一名科学家。 4、我决定每天早上锻炼。 5、她希望尽快完成作业。 6、他们计划明年学习游泳。 7、到睡觉的时间了。 8、他同意参加这个英语演讲比赛。 9、我们希望下周末天气晴朗。 10、她决定参加学校的舞蹈俱乐部。 四、对划线部分提问 1、She wants to buy a new book. 2、I decided to study math harder. 3、She plans to learn to play the piano. 4、They wish to climb the mountain this weekend. 5、He agreed to help me with my homework. 五、改错题 1、She wants go to the park with her friends. 2、They plan having a party for their teacher. 3、He hopes not forget his keys at home. 4、It's time start our meeting. 5、They wish travel to Australia next year. 八上初中英语Unit6不定式作宾语专项练习答案和解析 一、单项选择题 1、B 解析：want后接不定式作宾语，即“want to do sth.”，所以选B。 2、C 解析：plan后接不定式作宾语，“plan to do sth.”，所以选C。 3、B 解析：hope后接不定式作宾语，“hope to do sth.”，所以选B。 4、B 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，“decide to do sth.”，所以选B。 5、B 解析：wish后接不定式作宾语，“wish to do sth.”，所以选B。 6、B 解析：hope后接不定式作宾语，“hope to do sth.”，所以选B。 7、B 解析：“It's time to do sth.”是固定搭配，to必须保留，所以选B。 8、B 解析：agree后接不定式作宾语，“agree to do sth.”，所以选B。 9、B 解析：plan后接不定式作宾语，“plan to do sth.”，所以选B。 10、B 解析：wish后接不定式作宾语，“wish to do sth.”，所以选B。 二、填空题 1、to be 解析：want后接不定式作宾语，“want to do sth.”，所以 to be。 2、to have 解析：plan后接不定式作宾语，“plan to do sth.”，所以填to have。 3、to join 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，“decide to do sth.”，所以填to join。 4、to see 解析：hope后接不定式作宾语，“hope to do sth.”，所以填to see。 5、to travel 解析：wish后接不定式作宾语，“wish to do sth.”，所以填to travel。 6、to take 解析：agree后接不定式作宾语，“agree to do sth.”，所以填to take。 7、to have 解析：“It's time to do sth.”，所以填to have。 8、to finish 解析：hope后接不定式作宾语，“hope to do sth.”，所以填to finish。 9、to visit 解析：plan后接不定式作宾语，“plan to do sth.”，所以填to visit。 10、to learn 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，“decide to do sth.”，所以填to learn。 三、句子翻译题 1、I want to go to the movies tomorrow. 2、They plan to visit the museum next week. 3、He hopes to be a scientist. 4、I decided to exercise every morning. 5、She hopes to finish her homework soon. 6、They plan to learn to swim next year. 7、It's time to go to bed. 8、He agreed to take part in the English speech contest. 9、We hope the weather will be fine next weekend. 10、She decided to join the school dance club. 四、对划线部分提问 1、What does she want to do? 解析：对不定式作宾语的内容提问用what，借助助动词does，动词用原形want。 2、What did you decide to do? 解析：对不定式作宾语的内容提问用what，原句是一般过去时，借助助动词did，动词用原形decide。 3、What does she plan to do? 解析：对不定式作宾语的内容提问用what，借助助动词does。 4、What do they wish to do this weekend? 解析：对不定式作宾语的内容提问用what，借助助动词do。 5、What did he agree to do? 解析：对不定式作宾语的内容提问用what，原句隐含一般过去时，借助助动词did，动词用原形agree。 五、改错题 1、She wants to go to the park with her friends. 解析：want后接不定式作宾语，应加to，所以在wants后加to。 2、They plan to have a party for their teacher. 解析：plan后接不定式作宾语，应将having改为to have。 3、He hopes not to forget his keys at home. 解析：hope后接不定式的否定形式，应在to前加not。 4、It's time to start our meeting. 解析：“It's time to do sth.”，应在time后加to。 5、They wish to travel to Australia next year. 解析：wish后接不定式作宾语，应在wish后加to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$