Unit 3 语法学习课（一）（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册高中同步学案（北师大版）

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (Defining relative clause and non­defining relative clause) [情境探究] Dialogue 1： Do you know the girl who is reading under the tree? 　　　　Oh, Yes.She is our classmate whose mother is a teacher. Dialogue 2： Have you seen the book that I bought yesterday? 　　　　Do you mean the book that was on the table？ 观察上面的对话，并完成句子： (1)Do you know the boy who/that is talking with the teacher on campus? 你认识那个正在校园里跟老师谈话的男孩吗？ (2)This is the question that/which confused us. 这就是使我们困惑不解的问题。 (3)She bought the same coat as I did last week. 她买了一件跟我上星期买的相同的外套。 [要义详析] 一、定语从句的概念 1．定语从句：在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。关系词指代先行词，并在句子中起连接作用，连接主句和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分(主、宾、表、状等) 关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为： (1)关系代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)。 (2)关系副词：在从句中作状语(when/where/why)。 二、关系代词的用法 1．who/whom 先行词是人，关系代词who在从句中作主、宾、表的成分。who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whom只能作宾语可省略。口语中who可以代替whom，也可以省略，但作介词宾语时，只能用whom。 *This is the doctor who saved the boy. 这就是救了这个男孩的医生。 *She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you.她就是我想介绍给你的新学生。 2．which 先行词是物，关系代词which在从句中作主、宾、表的成分。which充当宾语时，可以省略。 which作介词宾语，不可省略。 *Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。 * The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.汤姆买的小说很有意思。 3．that 先行词是人或物，关系代词that在从句中作主、宾、表的成分。that作宾语时可以省略。 *The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang. 正在弹钢琴的那位女士是张小姐。 *I'd like to see the films that are just on show. 我想看那些刚上映的电影。 4．whose 先行词是人或物，关系代词whose在从句中作定语。whose在从句中作定语指某人时，可以用．.. of whom/the＋名词＋of whom代替whose；指物时可以用．.. of which/the＋名词of which代替whose。 *The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired. ＝The bike，the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。 5．as 先行词是人或物，关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语的成分。as一般不可以省略。 *This is the same book as I lost yesterday. 这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。 *He gets up early，as is always his habit. 他起床很早，这一直是他的习惯。 ⊙即学活用 语法填空 (1)This is his father who works in Beijing. (2)That is the book that I want to read. (3)I have the same book as he has. (4)Do you know that scientist whose achievemens are wellknown? 三、关系副词的用法 1．when 先行词是时间，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。 when＝ on/in/at/during等介词＋which。 *We'll never forget the day when the People's Republic of China was founded. 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。 2．where 先行词是地点，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。 where＝in/at/on/under等介词＋which。 *This is the room where he put up for the night. 这就是他度过夜晚的那房子。 [名师指津] where引导定语从句时，其先行词除了是表示地点的名词外，还可以是以下名词： point，position, situation, stage, state, case, scene, system, activity。 * He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror. 他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。 3．why 先行词是原因，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。 why＝for which。 *I know the reason why she studies so well. 我知道她学习好的原因。 ⊙即学活用 语法填空 (1) The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. (2)The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. (3) The reason why he didn't come to school yesterday isn't believable. (4)We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing. (5)They have reached the point where they have to separate. 四、定语从句的分类 1．限制性定语从句 从句必不可少，否则先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整，与先行词之间不用逗号。 2．非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。 George，__is__my__classmate，has won a scholarship. 　　　 　　　　　 　　 (关系代词) 3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 从句与 先行词 的关系 对先行词起修饰限制作用 对先行词起补充说明作用 标点 从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开 关系 代词 指人who(that)whom；指物which (that)；人和物whose；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略 指人who(作主语)whom(作宾语)； 指物which； 人和物whose； 关系代词一般不可省略 修饰 从句只修饰名词或代词 可以修饰名词或代词也可修饰整个句子 ⊙即学活用 语法填空 (1) He has two sons, who work in the company. (2)The man who is walking in the playground is my old friend. (3)There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science. (4)Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher angry. (5)Do you know the reason why he was absent? [语法主题应用] 用恰当的关系词补全短文。 Lucy, 1.whose father is our English teacher, is a lovely girl 2.that/who is loved by us all. She is also warm­hearted and helps those 3.who are less fortunate. Yesterday, she went to the bookstore 4.where she often buys books. On her way, she found a little boy 5.who/that was crying. He said he got separated with his mother, 6.who was busy buying vegetables. So Lucy comforted the boy and accompanied him until his mother found them, 7.which made both of them grateful to her. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$