内容正文:
编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》及历年真题进行编写。本专辑共三大部分27个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是聚焦甘肃省中职升学英语课程考试大纲中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考真题题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第19个专题,内容为强调句。
2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题19 强调句 知识点精讲(讲+练)
【考点解读】
强调句是英语中通过特定结构突出句子某一成分(如主语、宾语、状语等)的语法形式,核心结构为 “it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分”,是甘肃省中职升学考试的高频考点。其考查重点包括强调句的基本结构及变式、特殊句式中的强调用法、与其他句型(如定语从句、倒装句)的辨析。
本专题通过系统梳理三大核心考点,帮助考生掌握 “识别强调标志→判断强调成分→正确运用结构” 的解题逻辑,提升在语境中准确使用强调句的能力。
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【知识点清单一】强调句的基本结构及构成规则
【要点精讲】
强调句基本结构为 “it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他”。被强调部分可为主语、宾语、状语,用 that(通用)或 who(强调人作主语),时态与原句一致,去掉结构后句子仍完整。
一、思维导图
| 强调句基本结构
├─ 定义:通过“it is/was...that/who”结构突出句子某一成分(主语、宾语、状语等)
├─ 核心构成:it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分
│ ├─ 时态:it is(现在时)/ it was(过去时)与句子时态一致
│ ├─ 连接词:that(通用)/ who(仅强调人作主语时)
│ └─ 被强调部分:可为主语、宾语、状语(时间、地点、原因等),不可为谓语
├─ 关键规则
│ ├─ 去掉“it is/was...that/who”后,句子结构仍完整(区分于定语从句)
│ ├─ 强调主语时,that/who后的谓语动词需与被强调主语保持主谓一致
│ └─ 不可强调谓语(需用助动词do/does/did强调谓语)
└─ 例外情况
├─ 被强调部分为时间/地点状语时,不用when/where,需用that
└─ 被强调部分含指示代词this/that时,仍用that连接
二、详细讲解
强调句的核心功能是通过固定结构突出句子中的关键信息,其基本结构看似简单,但需注意细节规则,避免与其他句型混淆。
1.基本构成及用法
强调句的标准结构为:
现在时:It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分
过去时:It was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分
被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等),但不能是谓语。
例 1(强调主语):
原句:She helped me yesterday.
强调句:It was she who helped me yesterday.(被强调部分 “she” 是人作主语,用 who)
例 2(强调宾语):
原句:I bought a book in the store.
强调句:It was a book that I bought in the store.(被强调部分 “a book” 是物,用 that)
例 3(强调时间状语):
原句:He left for Beijing on Monday.
强调句:It was on Monday that he left for Beijing.(被强调部分是时间状语,用 that,不用 when)
2.连接词的选择
当被强调部分是人且作主语时,可用 “who” 或 “that”;
当被强调部分是人作宾语或物(无论主 / 宾)、状语时,只能用 “that”。
错误:It was Mary whom helped me.(强调主语 “Mary”,需用 who/that,不可用 whom)
正确:It was Mary who/that helped me.
3.时态一致性
强调句中 “it is/was” 的时态需与原句谓语动词的时态一致:
原句谓语为现在时(如 help, buy)、将来时(will help)时,用 “it is”;
原句谓语为过去时(如 helped, bought)时,用 “it was”。
例:It is tomorrow that we will have the exam.(原句将来时,用 it is)
4.主谓一致原则
当强调主语时,that/who 后的谓语动词需与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致:
例 1:It is the students who are cleaning the classroom.(被强调主语 “students” 是复数,谓语用 are)
例 2:It was Tom who was late for school.(被强调主语 “Tom” 是单数,谓语用 was)
5.与定语从句的核心区别
强调句的标志性特征是:去掉 “it is/was...that/who” 后,剩余部分可构成完整句子;而定语从句去掉先行词和关系词后,句子不完整。
强调句:It was in 2020 that we met.(去掉后:We met in 2020. 完整)
定语从句:It was the year 2020 when we met.(去掉 “it was...when” 后:The year 2020 we met. 不完整,需用 when 作关系词)
6.不可强调的成分
强调句只能强调主语、宾语、状语,不能强调谓语。若需强调谓语,需用助动词 “do/does/did”(仅用于一般现在时和一般过去时):
例:She does love music.(强调谓语 “love”,用 does,主语是第三人称单数)
例:They did finish the work yesterday.(强调谓语 “finish”,用 did,过去时)
【即时训练】
1.It was ______ I met Mr. Wang in the park.
A. yesterday when B. yesterday that C. on yesterday that D. in yesterday when
2.It is ______ are playing football on the playground.
A. them who B. they that C. their who D. theirs that
3.It was a new pen ______ my father bought for me.
A. which B. when C. that D. what
4.______ helped you with your English last week?
A. It was who that B. Who was it that C. Who it was that D. It was that who
5.It is not until midnight ______ he goes to bed every day.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
6.It was in this room ______ the meeting will be held tomorrow.
A. where B. that C. which D. when
7.She ______ told me the truth; I believe her.
A. does B. did C. is D. was
8.It was ______ I saw the film twice.
A. so interesting that B. such interesting that C. so an interesting film that D. such interesting film that
【知识点清单二】强调句的特殊句式及变式
【要点精讲】
强调句特殊句式及变式:“not...until” 强调用 “It is not until + 时间 + that”;疑问式为 “疑问词 + is/was it+that”;可强调从句,口语中可省 “it is/was”,需与倒装句区分。
一、思维导图
| 强调句的特殊句式及变式
├─ 1. not...until的强调结构
│ ├─ 原句:主语 + don’t...until + 时间
│ ├─ 强调句:It is not until + 时间 + that + 主语 + 谓语(肯定式)
│ └─ 例:It was not until 5 o’clock that he returned.
├─ 2. 疑问句式的强调
│ ├─ 一般疑问句:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他?
│ ├─ 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + is/was it + that + 其他?
│ └─ 例:When was it that you met her?
├─ 3. 强调句的省略与变式
│ ├─ 省略it is/was:在口语中,可省略强调结构(如:Just last week I saw him. = It was just last week that I saw him.)
│ ├─ 强调介词短语:It is with great pleasure that I accept the invitation.
│ └─ 强调从句:It was because he was ill that he didn’t come.
└─ 4. 常见误区
├─ 不可将“not until”拆分为“not that until”
└─ 疑问句式中“it”不可省略,需保持“疑问词 + is/was it that”结构
二、详细讲解
强调句在实际运用中会结合不同语境形成特殊句式,尤其是与否定词、疑问词结合时,结构变化需重点掌握。
1.not...until 的强调结构
当原句含 “not...until”(直到…… 才……)时,强调时间状语需用固定句式:
结构:It is not until + 时间状语 + that + 主句(肯定式,去掉原句的 not)
原句:He doesn’t go to bed until his mother comes back.
强调句:It is not until his mother comes back that he goes to bed.
▶ 注意:原句中的 “doesn’t” 在强调句中变为肯定式 “goes”,否定词 “not” 转移到 “until” 前,避免双重否定。
2.疑问句式的强调
强调句的疑问式需将 “is/was” 提前,分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句:
一般疑问句:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他?
例:Was it in 2018 that you graduated?(强调时间状语 “in 2018”)
特殊疑问句:疑问词(what/when/where/who/why/how)+ is/was it + that + 其他?
例:How is it that you solved the problem?(强调方式状语 “how”)
▶ 注意:特殊疑问句中 “it” 的位置不可调换,必须是 “疑问词 + is/was it that”,避免与正常疑问句混淆。
3.强调从句的情况
当被强调部分是从句(如原因状语从句、条件状语从句)时,仍用 “it is/was...that” 结构:
例 1(强调原因状语从句):
原句:He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill.
强调句:It was because he was ill that he didn’t attend the meeting.
例 2(强调条件状语从句):
原句:We will succeed if we work hard.
强调句:It is if we work hard that we will succeed.
4.口语中的省略变式
在口语或非正式语境中,可省略 “it is/was”,直接突出被强调部分,但其本质仍是强调句:
例:Just here I found my lost key.(= It was just here that I found my lost key.)
这种省略仅适用于上下文明确的情况,书面语中需保留完整结构。
5.与倒装句的区别
强调句通过固定结构突出成分,而倒装句通过语序变化(谓语前置)强调;强调句去掉结构后句子完整,倒装句还原语序后完整:
强调句:It was at the station that I met her.(去掉后:I met her at the station.)
倒装句:At the station met I her.(还原后:I met her at the station.)
【即时训练】
1.It was not until he called me ______ I knew the news.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
2.______ you bought the new bike?
A. When was it that B. When it was that C. When was that it D. When that was it
3.It was ______ he was late for school.
A. because of the rain that B. because the rain that C. because of the rain when D. because the rain when
4.Is it ______ teaches you English?
A. she who B. her that C. she whom D. her who
5.It was not until the bell rang ______ the students stopped talking.
A. when B. which C. that D. then
6.______ he managed to finish the work in such a short time?
A. How was it that B. How it was that C. How was that it D. How that was it
7.It is ______ I want to visit most.
A. the place where B. the place that C. where that D. that where
8.It was ______ we had a party last night.
A. in Tom’s house that B. Tom’s house where C. in Tom’s house where D. Tom’s house that
【知识点清单三】强调句与相似句型的辨析及易错点
【要点精讲】
与定语从句比,强调句去结构后完整,用 that/who;与倒装句比,强调句靠结构突出,不倒装。易错点:勿用 when/where 代 that,注意主谓一致和疑问句结构。
一、思维导图
| 强调句与相似句型的辨析及易错点
├─ 1. 与定语从句的辨析
│ ├─ 强调句:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 完整句(去掉结构后完整)
│ ├─ 定语从句:It is/was + 先行词 + 关系词(that/when/where)+ 不完整句(去掉先行词和关系词后不完整)
│ └─ 例:It was the day that we met.(强调句) vs It was the day when we met.(定语从句)
├─ 2. 与倒装句的辨析
│ ├─ 强调句:通过“it is/was...that”突出成分,语序正常
│ ├─ 倒装句:通过谓语前置(完全/部分倒装)突出句首成分
│ └─ 例:It was here that I lived.(强调句) vs Here lived I.(倒装句)
├─ 3. 常见易错点
│ ├─ 误用when/where代替that(强调时间/地点状语时必须用that)
│ ├─ 强调主语时主谓不一致
│ ├─ 混淆“not...until”的强调结构(漏掉that或错用when)
│ └─ 疑问句中“it”的位置错误(应为“疑问词 + is/was it that”)
└─ 4. 应试技巧
├─ 用“还原法”判断:去掉“it is/was...that”后,句子完整则为强调句
└─ 注意连接词:强调句只用that/who,不用when/where/why(除非强调原因状语从句用that)
二、详细讲解
强调句与定语从句、倒装句在形式上相似,极易混淆,需通过句子结构和逻辑关系精准区分,同时规避常见错误。
1.与定语从句的核心区别
两者均含 “it is/was...that”,但本质不同:
强调句的核心是突出某一成分,去掉 “it is/was...that” 后,剩余部分可构成完整句子(主谓宾 / 主系表齐全)。
例:It was in Paris that they got married.(去掉后:They got married in Paris. 完整)
定语从句的核心是修饰先行词,“it is/was” 后的部分是先行词,关系词(that/when/where)在从句中作成分,去掉先行词和关系词后,句子不完整。
例:It was Paris where they got married.(去掉 “Paris where” 后:They got married. 完整?不,原句强调 “Paris” 是地点,此处 “where” 作状语,去掉后句子虽完整,但结构上是定语从句修饰 “Paris”)
▶ 关键判断法:在 “it is/was” 后加 “the very”,若通顺则为强调句(因 “the very” 可修饰被强调部分),否则为定语从句。
强调句:It was (the very) Paris that they got married in.(通顺)
定语从句:It was Paris (the very) where they got married.(不通顺,因 “the very” 后接先行词,不接关系词)
2.与倒装句的本质区别
两者都可突出信息,但方式不同:
强调句:通过固定结构 “it is/was...that” 强调某一成分,句子主体语序正常(主语在前,谓语在后)。
例:It was Tom that I met yesterday.(主语 “I” 在前,谓语 “met” 在后)
倒装句:通过改变语序(谓语完全 / 部分前置)强调句首成分(地点、时间、否定词等),无 “it is/was...that” 结构。
例:Not only did I meet Tom yesterday.(部分倒装,强调 “not only”)
▶ 区分技巧:强调句有 “it” 作形式主语,倒装句无 “it”,且谓语位置异常。
3.高频易错点及规避方法
易错点 1:强调时间 / 地点状语时误用 when/where
错误:It was yesterday when I saw him.
正确:It was yesterday that I saw him.(强调时间状语必须用 that)
易错点 2:强调主语时主谓不一致
错误:It is the teachers who is working hard.
正确:It is the teachers who are working hard.(主语 “teachers” 是复数,谓语用 are)
易错点 3:“not...until” 强调结构错误
错误:It was not until 8 o’clock when he came back.
正确:It was not until 8 o’clock that he came back.(固定用 that,不用 when)
易错点 4:特殊疑问句中 “it” 的位置错误
错误:Who it was that won the game?
正确:Who was it that won the game?(疑问词后必须是 “is/was it that”)
4.应试实用技巧
还原法:遇到疑似强调句的题目,先去掉 “it is/was...that/who”,若剩余部分能构成完整句子(主谓宾齐全),则为强调句;否则为定语从句或其他句型。
连接词判断法:强调句中,无论被强调部分是时间、地点还是原因,连接词均用 that(仅强调人作主语时可用 who),而定语从句中时间用 when、地点用 where。
【即时训练】
1.It was the park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
2.It was in the park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
3.______ that he passed the exam.
A. It was hard work B. Hard work it was C. It was hard work which D. Hard work was it
4.It is I ______ responsible for the project, so I must try my best.
A. who is B. that am C. whom is D. which am
5.It was 10 years ago ______ his father died.
A. when B. that C. since D. before
6.Was it ______ he said that made you angry?
— Yes, exactly.
A. what B. that C. which D. when
7.It was not until she took off her glasses ______ I recognized her.
A. when B. that C. which D. then
8.______ that he realized he had made a mistake.
A. It was until late night B. It was not until late night C. Not until late night D. Until late night
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编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》及历年真题进行编写。本专辑共三大部分27个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是聚焦甘肃省中职升学英语课程考试大纲中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考真题题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第19个专题,内容为强调句。
2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题19 强调句 知识点精讲(讲+练)
【考点解读】
强调句是英语中通过特定结构突出句子某一成分(如主语、宾语、状语等)的语法形式,核心结构为 “it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分”,是甘肃省中职升学考试的高频考点。其考查重点包括强调句的基本结构及变式、特殊句式中的强调用法、与其他句型(如定语从句、倒装句)的辨析。
本专题通过系统梳理三大核心考点,帮助考生掌握 “识别强调标志→判断强调成分→正确运用结构” 的解题逻辑,提升在语境中准确使用强调句的能力。
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【知识点清单一】强调句的基本结构及构成规则
【要点精讲】
强调句基本结构为 “it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他”。被强调部分可为主语、宾语、状语,用 that(通用)或 who(强调人作主语),时态与原句一致,去掉结构后句子仍完整。
一、思维导图
| 强调句基本结构
├─ 定义:通过“it is/was...that/who”结构突出句子某一成分(主语、宾语、状语等)
├─ 核心构成:it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分
│ ├─ 时态:it is(现在时)/ it was(过去时)与句子时态一致
│ ├─ 连接词:that(通用)/ who(仅强调人作主语时)
│ └─ 被强调部分:可为主语、宾语、状语(时间、地点、原因等),不可为谓语
├─ 关键规则
│ ├─ 去掉“it is/was...that/who”后,句子结构仍完整(区分于定语从句)
│ ├─ 强调主语时,that/who后的谓语动词需与被强调主语保持主谓一致
│ └─ 不可强调谓语(需用助动词do/does/did强调谓语)
└─ 例外情况
├─ 被强调部分为时间/地点状语时,不用when/where,需用that
└─ 被强调部分含指示代词this/that时,仍用that连接
二、详细讲解
强调句的核心功能是通过固定结构突出句子中的关键信息,其基本结构看似简单,但需注意细节规则,避免与其他句型混淆。
1.基本构成及用法
强调句的标准结构为:
现在时:It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分
过去时:It was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分
被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等),但不能是谓语。
例 1(强调主语):
原句:She helped me yesterday.
强调句:It was she who helped me yesterday.(被强调部分 “she” 是人作主语,用 who)
例 2(强调宾语):
原句:I bought a book in the store.
强调句:It was a book that I bought in the store.(被强调部分 “a book” 是物,用 that)
例 3(强调时间状语):
原句:He left for Beijing on Monday.
强调句:It was on Monday that he left for Beijing.(被强调部分是时间状语,用 that,不用 when)
2.连接词的选择
当被强调部分是人且作主语时,可用 “who” 或 “that”;
当被强调部分是人作宾语或物(无论主 / 宾)、状语时,只能用 “that”。
错误:It was Mary whom helped me.(强调主语 “Mary”,需用 who/that,不可用 whom)
正确:It was Mary who/that helped me.
3.时态一致性
强调句中 “it is/was” 的时态需与原句谓语动词的时态一致:
原句谓语为现在时(如 help, buy)、将来时(will help)时,用 “it is”;
原句谓语为过去时(如 helped, bought)时,用 “it was”。
例:It is tomorrow that we will have the exam.(原句将来时,用 it is)
4.主谓一致原则
当强调主语时,that/who 后的谓语动词需与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致:
例 1:It is the students who are cleaning the classroom.(被强调主语 “students” 是复数,谓语用 are)
例 2:It was Tom who was late for school.(被强调主语 “Tom” 是单数,谓语用 was)
5.与定语从句的核心区别
强调句的标志性特征是:去掉 “it is/was...that/who” 后,剩余部分可构成完整句子;而定语从句去掉先行词和关系词后,句子不完整。
强调句:It was in 2020 that we met.(去掉后:We met in 2020. 完整)
定语从句:It was the year 2020 when we met.(去掉 “it was...when” 后:The year 2020 we met. 不完整,需用 when 作关系词)
6.不可强调的成分
强调句只能强调主语、宾语、状语,不能强调谓语。若需强调谓语,需用助动词 “do/does/did”(仅用于一般现在时和一般过去时):
例:She does love music.(强调谓语 “love”,用 does,主语是第三人称单数)
例:They did finish the work yesterday.(强调谓语 “finish”,用 did,过去时)
【即时训练】
1.It was ______ I met Mr. Wang in the park.
A. yesterday when B. yesterday that C. on yesterday that D. in yesterday when
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调时间状语。强调句中强调时间状语 “yesterday” 时,需用 that 连接,排除 A、D;“yesterday” 前不加介词,排除 C。
2.It is ______ are playing football on the playground.
A. them who B. they that C. their who D. theirs that
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调主语及主谓一致。被强调部分是主语,需用主格 “they”;强调人作主语时,that/who 均可,且谓语 “are” 与 “they” 一致,故选 B。
3.It was a new pen ______ my father bought for me.
A. which B. when C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查强调宾语。被强调部分是物 “a new pen”,作宾语,强调句中需用 that 连接,排除 A(定语从句关系词)、B、D。
4.______ helped you with your English last week?
A. It was who that B. Who was it that C. Who it was that D. It was that who
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句的特殊疑问句。强调句的疑问式结构为 “疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其他”,此处疑问词是 who,故选 B。
5.It is not until midnight ______ he goes to bed every day.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查 not...until 的强调结构。“It is not until...that...” 是固定强调形式,that 不可换为 when,故选 B。
6.It was in this room ______ the meeting will be held tomorrow.
A. where B. that C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调地点状语。强调句中强调地点状语 “in this room” 时,需用 that,不用 where(where 用于定语从句),故选 B。
7.She ______ told me the truth; I believe her.
A. does B. did C. is D. was
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语强调。此处强调过去的动作 “told”,需用助动词 did,故选 B。
8.It was ______ I saw the film twice.
A. so interesting that B. such interesting that C. so an interesting film that D. such interesting film that
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句与 so/such 的辨析。此处是强调句省略了 that(完整句:It was a film so interesting that I saw it twice),so 后接形容词,such 后接名词短语,故选 A。
【知识点清单二】强调句的特殊句式及变式
【要点精讲】
强调句特殊句式及变式:“not...until” 强调用 “It is not until + 时间 + that”;疑问式为 “疑问词 + is/was it+that”;可强调从句,口语中可省 “it is/was”,需与倒装句区分。
一、思维导图
| 强调句的特殊句式及变式
├─ 1. not...until的强调结构
│ ├─ 原句:主语 + don’t...until + 时间
│ ├─ 强调句:It is not until + 时间 + that + 主语 + 谓语(肯定式)
│ └─ 例:It was not until 5 o’clock that he returned.
├─ 2. 疑问句式的强调
│ ├─ 一般疑问句:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他?
│ ├─ 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + is/was it + that + 其他?
│ └─ 例:When was it that you met her?
├─ 3. 强调句的省略与变式
│ ├─ 省略it is/was:在口语中,可省略强调结构(如:Just last week I saw him. = It was just last week that I saw him.)
│ ├─ 强调介词短语:It is with great pleasure that I accept the invitation.
│ └─ 强调从句:It was because he was ill that he didn’t come.
└─ 4. 常见误区
├─ 不可将“not until”拆分为“not that until”
└─ 疑问句式中“it”不可省略,需保持“疑问词 + is/was it that”结构
二、详细讲解
强调句在实际运用中会结合不同语境形成特殊句式,尤其是与否定词、疑问词结合时,结构变化需重点掌握。
1.not...until 的强调结构
当原句含 “not...until”(直到…… 才……)时,强调时间状语需用固定句式:
结构:It is not until + 时间状语 + that + 主句(肯定式,去掉原句的 not)
原句:He doesn’t go to bed until his mother comes back.
强调句:It is not until his mother comes back that he goes to bed.
▶ 注意:原句中的 “doesn’t” 在强调句中变为肯定式 “goes”,否定词 “not” 转移到 “until” 前,避免双重否定。
2.疑问句式的强调
强调句的疑问式需将 “is/was” 提前,分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句:
一般疑问句:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他?
例:Was it in 2018 that you graduated?(强调时间状语 “in 2018”)
特殊疑问句:疑问词(what/when/where/who/why/how)+ is/was it + that + 其他?
例:How is it that you solved the problem?(强调方式状语 “how”)
▶ 注意:特殊疑问句中 “it” 的位置不可调换,必须是 “疑问词 + is/was it that”,避免与正常疑问句混淆。
3.强调从句的情况
当被强调部分是从句(如原因状语从句、条件状语从句)时,仍用 “it is/was...that” 结构:
例 1(强调原因状语从句):
原句:He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill.
强调句:It was because he was ill that he didn’t attend the meeting.
例 2(强调条件状语从句):
原句:We will succeed if we work hard.
强调句:It is if we work hard that we will succeed.
4.口语中的省略变式
在口语或非正式语境中,可省略 “it is/was”,直接突出被强调部分,但其本质仍是强调句:
例:Just here I found my lost key.(= It was just here that I found my lost key.)
这种省略仅适用于上下文明确的情况,书面语中需保留完整结构。
5.与倒装句的区别
强调句通过固定结构突出成分,而倒装句通过语序变化(谓语前置)强调;强调句去掉结构后句子完整,倒装句还原语序后完整:
强调句:It was at the station that I met her.(去掉后:I met her at the station.)
倒装句:At the station met I her.(还原后:I met her at the station.)
【即时训练】
1.It was not until he called me ______ I knew the news.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查 not...until 的强调结构。固定句式为 “It is not until...that...”,that 不可替换,故选 B。
2.______ you bought the new bike?
A. When was it that B. When it was that C. When was that it D. When that was it
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句的特殊疑问句。结构为 “疑问词 + was it that + 其他”,此处疑问词是 when,故选 A。
3.It was ______ he was late for school.
A. because of the rain that B. because the rain that C. because of the rain when D. because the rain when
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调原因状语。被强调部分是 “because of the rain”(介词短语),需用 that 连接,because 后接从句,故选 A。
4.Is it ______ teaches you English?
A. she who B. her that C. she whom D. her who
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句的一般疑问句。被强调部分是主语 “she”(主格),用 who 连接,故选 A。
5.It was not until the bell rang ______ the students stopped talking.
A. when B. which C. that D. then
【答案】C
【解析】考查 not...until 的强调结构。固定用 that,故选 C。
6.______ he managed to finish the work in such a short time?
A. How was it that B. How it was that C. How was that it D. How that was it
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句的特殊疑问句。结构为 “how + was it that + 其他”,故选 A。
7.It is ______ I want to visit most.
A. the place where B. the place that C. where that D. that where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调宾语(含定语从句)。被强调部分是 “the place”,后接定语从句(省略关系词 that,因作 visit 宾语),强调句用 that 连接,故选 B。
8.It was ______ we had a party last night.
A. in Tom’s house that B. Tom’s house where C. in Tom’s house where D. Tom’s house that
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调地点状语。被强调部分是 “in Tom’s house”(地点状语),需用 that,where 用于定语从句,故选 A。
【知识点清单三】强调句与相似句型的辨析及易错点
【要点精讲】
与定语从句比,强调句去结构后完整,用 that/who;与倒装句比,强调句靠结构突出,不倒装。易错点:勿用 when/where 代 that,注意主谓一致和疑问句结构。
一、思维导图
| 强调句与相似句型的辨析及易错点
├─ 1. 与定语从句的辨析
│ ├─ 强调句:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 完整句(去掉结构后完整)
│ ├─ 定语从句:It is/was + 先行词 + 关系词(that/when/where)+ 不完整句(去掉先行词和关系词后不完整)
│ └─ 例:It was the day that we met.(强调句) vs It was the day when we met.(定语从句)
├─ 2. 与倒装句的辨析
│ ├─ 强调句:通过“it is/was...that”突出成分,语序正常
│ ├─ 倒装句:通过谓语前置(完全/部分倒装)突出句首成分
│ └─ 例:It was here that I lived.(强调句) vs Here lived I.(倒装句)
├─ 3. 常见易错点
│ ├─ 误用when/where代替that(强调时间/地点状语时必须用that)
│ ├─ 强调主语时主谓不一致
│ ├─ 混淆“not...until”的强调结构(漏掉that或错用when)
│ └─ 疑问句中“it”的位置错误(应为“疑问词 + is/was it that”)
└─ 4. 应试技巧
├─ 用“还原法”判断:去掉“it is/was...that”后,句子完整则为强调句
└─ 注意连接词:强调句只用that/who,不用when/where/why(除非强调原因状语从句用that)
二、详细讲解
强调句与定语从句、倒装句在形式上相似,极易混淆,需通过句子结构和逻辑关系精准区分,同时规避常见错误。
1.与定语从句的核心区别
两者均含 “it is/was...that”,但本质不同:
强调句的核心是突出某一成分,去掉 “it is/was...that” 后,剩余部分可构成完整句子(主谓宾 / 主系表齐全)。
例:It was in Paris that they got married.(去掉后:They got married in Paris. 完整)
定语从句的核心是修饰先行词,“it is/was” 后的部分是先行词,关系词(that/when/where)在从句中作成分,去掉先行词和关系词后,句子不完整。
例:It was Paris where they got married.(去掉 “Paris where” 后:They got married. 完整?不,原句强调 “Paris” 是地点,此处 “where” 作状语,去掉后句子虽完整,但结构上是定语从句修饰 “Paris”)
▶ 关键判断法:在 “it is/was” 后加 “the very”,若通顺则为强调句(因 “the very” 可修饰被强调部分),否则为定语从句。
强调句:It was (the very) Paris that they got married in.(通顺)
定语从句:It was Paris (the very) where they got married.(不通顺,因 “the very” 后接先行词,不接关系词)
2.与倒装句的本质区别
两者都可突出信息,但方式不同:
强调句:通过固定结构 “it is/was...that” 强调某一成分,句子主体语序正常(主语在前,谓语在后)。
例:It was Tom that I met yesterday.(主语 “I” 在前,谓语 “met” 在后)
倒装句:通过改变语序(谓语完全 / 部分前置)强调句首成分(地点、时间、否定词等),无 “it is/was...that” 结构。
例:Not only did I meet Tom yesterday.(部分倒装,强调 “not only”)
▶ 区分技巧:强调句有 “it” 作形式主语,倒装句无 “it”,且谓语位置异常。
3.高频易错点及规避方法
易错点 1:强调时间 / 地点状语时误用 when/where
错误:It was yesterday when I saw him.
正确:It was yesterday that I saw him.(强调时间状语必须用 that)
易错点 2:强调主语时主谓不一致
错误:It is the teachers who is working hard.
正确:It is the teachers who are working hard.(主语 “teachers” 是复数,谓语用 are)
易错点 3:“not...until” 强调结构错误
错误:It was not until 8 o’clock when he came back.
正确:It was not until 8 o’clock that he came back.(固定用 that,不用 when)
易错点 4:特殊疑问句中 “it” 的位置错误
错误:Who it was that won the game?
正确:Who was it that won the game?(疑问词后必须是 “is/was it that”)
4.应试实用技巧
还原法:遇到疑似强调句的题目,先去掉 “it is/was...that/who”,若剩余部分能构成完整句子(主谓宾齐全),则为强调句;否则为定语从句或其他句型。
连接词判断法:强调句中,无论被强调部分是时间、地点还是原因,连接词均用 that(仅强调人作主语时可用 who),而定语从句中时间用 when、地点用 where。
【即时训练】
1.It was the park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句与强调句的辨析。句中 “the park” 是先行词,“we had a picnic” 不完整(缺地点状语),故为定语从句,用 where,选 B。
2.It was in the park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句。被强调部分是 “in the park”(地点状语),去掉 “it was...that” 后:We had a picnic in the park. 完整,故为强调句,用 that,选 A。
3.______ that he passed the exam.
A. It was hard work B. Hard work it was C. It was hard work which D. Hard work was it
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句与倒装句的辨析。句中 “it was...that” 省略了 that,被强调部分是 “hard work”,还原后:Hard work he passed the exam. 完整(省略了 that),故选 A(倒装句需谓语前置,此处不符)。
4.It is I ______ responsible for the project, so I must try my best.
A. who is B. that am C. whom is D. which am
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调主语及主谓一致。被强调主语是 “I”,连接词用 that/who,谓语需与 “I” 一致(am),故选 B。
5.It was 10 years ago ______ his father died.
A. when B. that C. since D. before
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调时间状语与定语从句的辨析。去掉 “it was...that” 后:His father died 10 years ago. 完整,故为强调句,用 that,when 用于定语从句(需先行词),故选 B。
6.Was it ______ he said that made you angry?
— Yes, exactly.
A. what B. that C. which D. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句与名词性从句的结合。被强调部分是 “what he said”(名词性从句作主语),强调句用 that 连接(此处省略),what 在从句中作宾语,故选 A。
7.It was not until she took off her glasses ______ I recognized her.
A. when B. that C. which D. then
【答案】B
【解析】考查 “not...until” 的强调结构易错点。固定用 that,不可用 when,故选 B。
8.______ that he realized he had made a mistake.
A. It was until late night B. It was not until late night C. Not until late night D. Until late night
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句与倒装句的辨析。句中含 “it was...that”(省略 that),是强调句,“not until” 的强调结构需用 “it was not until...that”,故选 B(C 是倒装句,需部分倒装:Not until late night did he realize...)。
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