文科类阅读（1）人与社会-历史-专项训练卷 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》 第71卷（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年真题编写。本套试卷共100份：第一部分是42份知识点训练卷，第二部分是单项选择题、完型填空、阅读理解、职业模块分别作答题和书面表达等48份专项训练卷。第三部分是10份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》的第71卷，是阅读理解部分专项训练卷。按教学标准的掌握要求编写。 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》第71卷 专项训练卷·文科类阅读（1）人与社会-历史 考试时间：30分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题5分，共100分） 从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 （A） In modern times, we honour the bravery of astronauts. We look up into the sky and wonder if they will ever return from their journey into the great unknown. It’s hard to believe, but only a short while ago, our own earth was as vast and unknown as space is today. Only 500 years ago, sailing too far away from land was as dangerous then as it is today for astronauts to sail into outer space. But humans have always wanted to learn about the world, no matter what the dangers. The great Chinese explorer, Zheng He, proves this point. In 1405, at the request of the emperor, he left China for the first of eight voyages of discovery that he made. The fleet (船队) of ships given to Zheng for these voyages was known as the “fleet of friendship”, for this was the purpose of his trips. He sailed the South China Sea and across the Indian Ocean to eastern Africa. In total, he visited 30 countries and began trade with them. At each port, the Chinese sailors made friendships with the local people. On one voyage to Africa, Zheng purchased some rare animals for the emperor. On each return visit, the locals remembered the Chinese sailors and honoured them with gifts. Zheng’s eight voyages of discovery were important because people learned more and more about the earth that lay beyond China’s shores. In 1419, seventeen countries sent ambassadors back to China with Zheng. This was the beginning of a long friendship between China and its neighbours in South Asia and beyond to Africa. 1．What is the main idea of the passage? ______. A．The bravery of astronauts. B．The request of the emperor. C．Voyages of discovery. D．Discovery of the outer space. 2．How many countries did Zheng He visit? ______. A．Eight. B．Twenty. C．Thirty. D．Fifty. 3．What is the purpose of Zheng’s trips? ______. A．To buy gifts. B．To prove his idea. C．To make friends. D．To discover rare animals. 4．Sailing far away from land was ________ in the past. A．dangerous B．exciting C．impossible D．unknown 5．Which of the following statement is true? ______. A．Zheng He never sailed to the Indian Ocean. B．The locals were friendly to Chinese sailors. C．Zheng He brought rare animals to African countries. D．Countries never sent ambassadors back to China with Zheng. （B） Over 2,000 years ago, Chinese people opened up a great road— the Silk Road. The road was first conceived (构想) during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. From 139 to 138 B．C．, a famous traveler named Zhang Qian first “made” the Silk Road. From then on, the Silk Road became the bridge between the West and the East. And the West learned more about China through the China’s “national road”. Many businessmen traveled in large caravans (拖车) in the past. They exchanged a lot of things along the Silk Road. The caravans took silk to the West and brought back gold, colored glass and food from western countries. With sheep, cattle (牛), silk and golden coins, Zhang Qian left from Chang’ an, the capital then. He got to Xinjiang and the Central Asia. His assistant (助手) even went to Iran and India for friendly visits. In return, envoys (使者) from these countries also visited China. The Silk Road is not only important for business but also important to spread different cultures now. 6．Chinese people first decided to make the Silk Road during ______. A．Xia and Zhou Dynasties B．Ming and Qing Dynasties C．Qin and Han Dynasties D．Zhou and Qin Dynasties 7．What did the Silk Road help the West? ______. A．To learn more about China. B．To work harder. C．To keep healthier. D．To make more silk. 8．Which of the places did Zhang Qian get to? ______. A．Iran. B．India. C．The Central Asia. D．The Central Europe. 9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ______. A．The Silk Road was the business street in China then. B．Businessmen did business and knew more about other countries through the Silk Road. C．Many Chinese businessmen took gold to the west and brought back silk. D．The Silk Road was only important for business. 10．What is the best title for this passage? ______. A．Zhang Qian’s Trip B．Sheep and Glass C．A Bridge Between China and the West D．The Oldest Road in China （C） Most people have heard of the Great Wall of China, but not many people outside of China know about the Grand Canal. This man-made waterway, known in China as Da Yunhe, is 1,700 kilometers long and some parts of it are more than 2,000 years old. It links the north of China with Hangzhou, a city in the southern part of the country. It’s the longest man-made waterway in the world. It was built as a way to transport grain from the rich agricultural land in China’s south to cities in the north. In fact, it’s not one canal, but a system of canals and rivers linked together. It’s still an important part of the transport system in China. Thousands of boats use it every day to transport grain and many other types of cargo (货物). Now the Chinese government is doing new work on the Grand Canal. It is making parts of it deeper, so bigger ships can use it. The canal will also help to move water. There is a lot of rain in the south of China, but not as much in the north. The canal will carry millions of liters of water from the south to the north. The Grand Canal is much less famous than the Great Wall, and not very many tourists visit it. But it’s possible to go on a cruise along some of the oldest parts of the canal. Passengers on these cruises see beautiful parts of China that other visitors don’t see. 11．From the passage, we know that the Grand Canal is ________. A．more than two thousand years old B．more famous than the Great Wall C．the longest man-made waterway in the world D．famous home and abroad 12．The underlined word “links” in Paragraph 1 means “________”. A．connects B．compares C．competes D．controls 13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? ______. A．The Grand Canal is helping to move water. B．Why the canal was built and how it is used now. C．The Grand Canal was used for transporting grain. D．How the Grand Canal was built. 14．The writer writes this passage to ________. A．describe how beautiful the Grand Canal is B．introduce how important the Grand Canal is C．explain why few people visit the Grand Canal D．encourage people to visit the Grand Canal 15．This passage is probably taken from a ________ magazine. A．history B．fashion C．sports D．health （D） On March 20, the Sanxingdui Ruins in Guanghan, Sichuan drew the world’s attention. Chinese archaeologists(考古学家) announced that they have found more than 500 cultural relics(遗址) in six pits(坑) at the site, which dates back over 3,200 years. The relics include bronzeware(青铜器), gold and bronze masks, ivory, jade and textiles(纺织品). The Sanxingdui Ruins, which were first discovered in 1929, are believed to be the remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom. The kingdom was a center of civilization along the upper reaches of Yangtze River. In 1986, archaeologists discovered two pits that they believed were used for sacrificial(献祭的) ceremonies. At that time, over 1,000 artifacts were found, including bronzeware, face masks and “divine(神圣的) trees”-bronze sculptures of trees. The discovery of Sanxingdui raised an important question about the origins of Chinese civilization. The ancient Shu civilization that built Sanxingdui is believed to be one of the earliest examples of Chinese civilization. The site, along with the Liangzhu and Shijiahe sites along the Yangtze River, shows that the birthplace of Chinese civilization might not have been only along the Yellow River Basin(流域) in north China. The newly-discovered relics are similar to those found in 1986, as they also include divine trees and bronze masks. They further support the idea that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes. “These artifacts show that the Sanxingdui site had a close connection with Central China, but it also marks an original ancient civilization(in Sichuan) with strong creativity,” said Chen Xiandan, a member of the excavation(发掘) project. 16．What do we know about the relics found at the Sanxingdui Ruins recently? ______. A．They are made of gold. B．They were all found in the same pit. C．They were created about 3,200 years ago. D．They were used for sacrificial ceremonies in 1986. 17．What does the word “artifacts” in Paragraph 3 refer to? ______. A．The remains of a building. B．Ancient ceremonies. C．Historical objects. D．Bronze sculptures. 18．Paragraph 4 shows that Chinese civilization______. A．started earlier than was believed before B．might have several different origins C．was centered along the Yangtze River D．developed from the ancient Shu civilization 19．What do the newly-discovered relics suggest? ______. A．Sanxingdui is more important than the sites in Central China. B．The Sanxingdui Ruins are part of the Liangzhu Ruins. C．Sanxingdui was built by the ancient Shu Kingdom. D．The ancient Shu civilization was creative. 20．What is the best title for this passage? ______. A．New Discovery of Sanxingdui B．Chinese Cultural Relics C．Ancient Civilization D．Work of Chinese Archaeologists 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年真题编写。本套试卷共100份：第一部分是42份知识点训练卷，第二部分是单项选择题、完型填空、阅读理解、职业模块分别作答题和书面表达等48份专项训练卷。第三部分是10份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》的第71卷，是阅读理解部分专项训练卷。按教学标准的掌握要求编写。 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》第71卷 专项训练卷·文科类阅读（1）人与社会-历史 考试时间：30分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题5分，共100分） 从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 （A） In modern times, we honour the bravery of astronauts. We look up into the sky and wonder if they will ever return from their journey into the great unknown. It’s hard to believe, but only a short while ago, our own earth was as vast and unknown as space is today. Only 500 years ago, sailing too far away from land was as dangerous then as it is today for astronauts to sail into outer space. But humans have always wanted to learn about the world, no matter what the dangers. The great Chinese explorer, Zheng He, proves this point. In 1405, at the request of the emperor, he left China for the first of eight voyages of discovery that he made. The fleet (船队) of ships given to Zheng for these voyages was known as the “fleet of friendship”, for this was the purpose of his trips. He sailed the South China Sea and across the Indian Ocean to eastern Africa. In total, he visited 30 countries and began trade with them. At each port, the Chinese sailors made friendships with the local people. On one voyage to Africa, Zheng purchased some rare animals for the emperor. On each return visit, the locals remembered the Chinese sailors and honoured them with gifts. Zheng’s eight voyages of discovery were important because people learned more and more about the earth that lay beyond China’s shores. In 1419, seventeen countries sent ambassadors back to China with Zheng. This was the beginning of a long friendship between China and its neighbours in South Asia and beyond to Africa. 1．What is the main idea of the passage? ______. A．The bravery of astronauts. B．The request of the emperor. C．Voyages of discovery. D．Discovery of the outer space. 2．How many countries did Zheng He visit? ______. A．Eight. B．Twenty. C．Thirty. D．Fifty. 3．What is the purpose of Zheng’s trips? ______. A．To buy gifts. B．To prove his idea. C．To make friends. D．To discover rare animals. 4．Sailing far away from land was ________ in the past. A．dangerous B．exciting C．impossible D．unknown 5．Which of the following statement is true? ______. A．Zheng He never sailed to the Indian Ocean. B．The locals were friendly to Chinese sailors. C．Zheng He brought rare animals to African countries. D．Countries never sent ambassadors back to China with Zheng. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了郑和的探索之旅。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了郑和访问了很多国家，与他们进行贸易，与当地人民建立友谊，郑和的探索之旅是中国与南亚乃至非洲邻国长期友谊的开始。因此文章的主旨是探索之旅，发现之旅。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“In total, he visited 30 countries and began trade with them. (他总共访问了30个国家，并开始与他们进行贸易。)”可知，郑和总共访问了30个国家。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The fleet (船队) of ships given to Zheng for these voyages was known as the ‘fleet of friendship’, for this was the purpose of his trips. (郑下西洋的船队被称为‘友谊队’，因为这是他下西洋的目的。)”可知，郑和下西洋的目的是与别国建立友谊，即交朋友。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Only 500 years ago, sailing too far away from land was as dangerous then as it is today for astronauts to sail into outer space. (就在500年前，离陆地太远的航行和今天宇航员进入外太空一样危险。)”可知，在过去，远离陆地的航行是非常危险的。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“On one voyage to Africa, Zheng purchased some rare animals for the emperor. On each return visit, the locals remembered the Chinese sailors and honoured them with gifts. (在一次去非洲的航行中，郑为皇帝购买了一些珍稀动物。每次回访时，当地人都记得中国水手，并向他们赠送礼物。)”可知，在一次非洲之旅中，郑和给皇帝买了一些珍稀动物，之后每次回访非洲的时候，当地人都记得中国水手，并会给中国水手一些礼物，由此可知，当地人对中国水手很友好，因此B项“当地人对中国水手很友好。”是正确的。故选B。 （B） Over 2,000 years ago, Chinese people opened up a great road— the Silk Road. The road was first conceived (构想) during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. From 139 to 138 B．C．, a famous traveler named Zhang Qian first “made” the Silk Road. From then on, the Silk Road became the bridge between the West and the East. And the West learned more about China through the China’s “national road”. Many businessmen traveled in large caravans (拖车) in the past. They exchanged a lot of things along the Silk Road. The caravans took silk to the West and brought back gold, colored glass and food from western countries. With sheep, cattle (牛), silk and golden coins, Zhang Qian left from Chang’ an, the capital then. He got to Xinjiang and the Central Asia. His assistant (助手) even went to Iran and India for friendly visits. In return, envoys (使者) from these countries also visited China. The Silk Road is not only important for business but also important to spread different cultures now. 6．Chinese people first decided to make the Silk Road during ______. A．Xia and Zhou Dynasties B．Ming and Qing Dynasties C．Qin and Han Dynasties D．Zhou and Qin Dynasties 7．What did the Silk Road help the West? ______. A．To learn more about China. B．To work harder. C．To keep healthier. D．To make more silk. 8．Which of the places did Zhang Qian get to? ______. A．Iran. B．India. C．The Central Asia. D．The Central Europe. 9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ______. A．The Silk Road was the business street in China then. B．Businessmen did business and knew more about other countries through the Silk Road. C．Many Chinese businessmen took gold to the west and brought back silk. D．The Silk Road was only important for business. 10．What is the best title for this passage? ______. A．Zhang Qian’s Trip B．Sheep and Glass C．A Bridge Between China and the West D．The Oldest Road in China 【答案】6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了丝绸之路的建立以及其重大意义。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段“The road was first conceived (构想) during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties.(这条路最早是在周朝和秦朝时期构想出来的。)”可知，丝绸之路最初在周朝和秦朝被构想出来的。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第一段“And the West learned more about China through the China’s “national road”. (西方通过中国的“国道”更多地了解了中国。)”可知，丝绸之路帮助西方更多地了解中国。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段“With sheep, cattle (牛), silk and golden coins, Zhang Qian left from Chang’ an, the capital then. He got to Xinjiang and the Central Asia. (张骞带着羊群、牛群、丝绸和金币，从当时的首都长安出发，到达了新疆和中亚地区。)”可知，张骞到达了中亚。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many businessmen traveled in large caravans (拖车) in the past. They exchanged a lot of things along the Silk Road. (过去许多商人乘坐大型商队拖车旅行。他们在丝绸之路上交换了许多东西。)”可知，商人通过丝绸之路做生意并且能更多地了解其他国家。故选B。 10．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The Silk Road is not only important for business but also important to spread different cultures now. (丝绸之路不仅对商业很重要，而且对于现在传播不同的文化也很重要。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了丝绸之路连接了中国和西方，促进了贸易和文化交流，“A Bridge Between China and the West (中国和西方之间的桥梁)”能很好地概括文章主旨。故选C。 （C） Most people have heard of the Great Wall of China, but not many people outside of China know about the Grand Canal. This man-made waterway, known in China as Da Yunhe, is 1,700 kilometers long and some parts of it are more than 2,000 years old. It links the north of China with Hangzhou, a city in the southern part of the country. It’s the longest man-made waterway in the world. It was built as a way to transport grain from the rich agricultural land in China’s south to cities in the north. In fact, it’s not one canal, but a system of canals and rivers linked together. It’s still an important part of the transport system in China. Thousands of boats use it every day to transport grain and many other types of cargo (货物). Now the Chinese government is doing new work on the Grand Canal. It is making parts of it deeper, so bigger ships can use it. The canal will also help to move water. There is a lot of rain in the south of China, but not as much in the north. The canal will carry millions of liters of water from the south to the north. The Grand Canal is much less famous than the Great Wall, and not very many tourists visit it. But it’s possible to go on a cruise along some of the oldest parts of the canal. Passengers on these cruises see beautiful parts of China that other visitors don’t see. 11．From the passage, we know that the Grand Canal is ________. A．more than two thousand years old B．more famous than the Great Wall C．the longest man-made waterway in the world D．famous home and abroad 12．The underlined word “links” in Paragraph 1 means “________”. A．connects B．compares C．competes D．controls 13．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? ______. A．The Grand Canal is helping to move water. B．Why the canal was built and how it is used now. C．The Grand Canal was used for transporting grain. D．How the Grand Canal was built. 14．The writer writes this passage to ________. A．describe how beautiful the Grand Canal is B．introduce how important the Grand Canal is C．explain why few people visit the Grand Canal D．encourage people to visit the Grand Canal 15．This passage is probably taken from a ________ magazine. A．history B．fashion C．sports D．health 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的大运河，包括其历史、功能及其在中国运输系统中的重要性，并提及了中国政府对它的新改进措施。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It’s the longest man-made waterway in the world. (它是世界上最长的人工水道。)”可知，大运河是世界上最长的人工水道。故选C。 12．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“It links the north of China with Hangzhou, a city in the southern part of the country. (它连接了中国北部和中国南部的城市杭州。)”可知，大运河连接着中国的北方和南方的杭州，所以“links”在此处的意思是“连接”，意同“connects”。故选A。 13．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“It was built as a way to transport grain from the rich agricultural land in China’s south to cities in the north. In fact, it’s not one canal, but a system of canals and rivers linked together. It’s still an important part of the transport system in China. Thousands of boats use it every day to transport grain and many other types of cargo. (修建它是为了把粮食从中国南方富饶的农田运到北方的城市。事实上，它不是一条运河，而是一个由运河和河流连接在一起的系统。它仍然是中国交通系统的重要组成部分。每天都有成千上万的船只在这里运输谷物和许多其他类型的货物。)”可知，本段主要介绍了大运河的建造原因以及现在的用途，即用于运输粮食等货物。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It was built as a way to transport grain from the rich agricultural land in China’s south to cities in the north. (修建它是为了把粮食从中国南方富饶的农田运到北方的城市。)”以及文章全面介绍了大运河的历史背景、功能及其现代意义，旨在向读者介绍大运河的重要性。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据第一段中“This man-made waterway, known in China as Da Yunhe, is 1,700 kilometers long and some parts of it are more than 2,000 years old. It links the north of China with Hangzhou, a city in the southern part of the country. It’s the longest man-made waterway in the world. (这条人造水道，在中国被称为大云河，长1700公里，其中一些部分有2000多年的历史。它连接了中国北部和中国南部的城市杭州。它是世界上最长的人工水道。)”以及全文内容可推知，本文主要介绍了中国大运河的相关情况，这属于历史文化方面的内容，所以本文很可能来自一本历史杂志。故选A。 （D） On March 20, the Sanxingdui Ruins in Guanghan, Sichuan drew the world’s attention. Chinese archaeologists(考古学家) announced that they have found more than 500 cultural relics(遗址) in six pits(坑) at the site, which dates back over 3,200 years. The relics include bronzeware(青铜器), gold and bronze masks, ivory, jade and textiles(纺织品). The Sanxingdui Ruins, which were first discovered in 1929, are believed to be the remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom. The kingdom was a center of civilization along the upper reaches of Yangtze River. In 1986, archaeologists discovered two pits that they believed were used for sacrificial(献祭的) ceremonies. At that time, over 1,000 artifacts were found, including bronzeware, face masks and “divine(神圣的) trees”-bronze sculptures of trees. The discovery of Sanxingdui raised an important question about the origins of Chinese civilization. The ancient Shu civilization that built Sanxingdui is believed to be one of the earliest examples of Chinese civilization. The site, along with the Liangzhu and Shijiahe sites along the Yangtze River, shows that the birthplace of Chinese civilization might not have been only along the Yellow River Basin(流域) in north China. The newly-discovered relics are similar to those found in 1986, as they also include divine trees and bronze masks. They further support the idea that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes. “These artifacts show that the Sanxingdui site had a close connection with Central China, but it also marks an original ancient civilization(in Sichuan) with strong creativity,” said Chen Xiandan, a member of the excavation(发掘) project. 16．What do we know about the relics found at the Sanxingdui Ruins recently? ______. A．They are made of gold. B．They were all found in the same pit. C．They were created about 3,200 years ago. D．They were used for sacrificial ceremonies in 1986. 17．What does the word “artifacts” in Paragraph 3 refer to? ______. A．The remains of a building. B．Ancient ceremonies. C．Historical objects. D．Bronze sculptures. 18．Paragraph 4 shows that Chinese civilization______. A．started earlier than was believed before B．might have several different origins C．was centered along the Yangtze River D．developed from the ancient Shu civilization 19．What do the newly-discovered relics suggest? ______. A．Sanxingdui is more important than the sites in Central China. B．The Sanxingdui Ruins are part of the Liangzhu Ruins. C．Sanxingdui was built by the ancient Shu Kingdom. D．The ancient Shu civilization was creative. 20．What is the best title for this passage? ______. A．New Discovery of Sanxingdui B．Chinese Cultural Relics C．Ancient Civilization D．Work of Chinese Archaeologists 【答案】16．C 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近三星堆遗址新发现的6座三星堆文化“祭祀坑”。 16．细节理解题。根据原文“Chinese archaeologists(考古学家) announced that they have found more than 500 cultural relics(遗址) in six pits(坑) at the site, which dates back over 3,200 years”可知，这些文物的历史距今有3200年。故选C。 17．词句猜测题。根据原文“including bronzeware, face masks and ‘divine(神圣的) trees’-bronze sculptures of trees”可知，包括青铜器、面具和“神树”——树木的青铜雕塑，此处“artifacts”指的是“文物”。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据原文“the birthplace of Chinese civilization might not have been only along the Yellow River Basin(流域) in north China”可知，文章第四段表明中华文明的发源地可能不仅仅是中国北方的黄河流域。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据原文“These artifacts show that the Sanxingdui site had a close connection with Central China, but it also marks an original ancient civilization(in Sichuan) with strong creativity”可知，新发现的遗址出土的文物展示了古蜀文明的创造性。故选D。 20．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近三星堆遗址新发现的6座三星堆文化“祭祀坑”。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$