工科类阅读（1）人与社会-文化-专项训练卷 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》 第76卷（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年真题编写。本套试卷共100份：第一部分是42份知识点训练卷，第二部分是单项选择题、完型填空、阅读理解、职业模块分别作答题和书面表达等48份专项训练卷。第三部分是10份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》的第76卷，是阅读理解部分专项训练卷。按教学标准的掌握要求编写。 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》第76卷 专项训练卷·工科类阅读（1）人与社会-文化 考试时间：30分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题5分，共100分） 从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 （A） In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts (主人) and the worst guests in the world. They’re not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is much different than in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western hosts sometimes look rude (粗鲁的) in the eyes of Chinese guests. In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest. My wife’s mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke?” But, don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they do not allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host. Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your house, don’t be too surprised if they don’t bring you a gift. In China, you probably won’t need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected. 1．Many foreigners think that Chinese hosts are the ________ in the world. A．best B．worst C．most natural D．most different 2．When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often ________. A．buys some fruit B．feels like a god C．wants some gifts D．takes a cup of tea 3．If the writer’s guests want to smoke in his house, what will he probably say? ________. A．It’s OK if you smoke here. B．Let’s smoke together. C．Sorry, you can’t smoke here. D．Smoking is a bad habit. 4．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “adapt to” in the passage? ________. A．think back to B．get used to C．look forward to D．keep close to 5．What is the main idea of this passage? ________. A．Foreigners should learn from Chinese. B．Hosts must do things in the guests’ way. C．Western hosts are always nice to guests. D．People should understand cultural differences. （B） If you are travelling to Japan, knowing how to bow and greet in Japan can be helpful. Bowing is an important custom in Japan. People usually greet each other by bowing instead of shaking hands, and people generally have small talks before or after they bow. Men and women bow differently—men usually keep their hands at their sides, while women put their hands together on their thighs (大腿) with their fingers touching one another. *15-degree (度) bow. This is the most informal (非正式的) bow. It is used when you are rushing to work and see someone you know, or when you run into a friend on the streets. (Remember, no matter how informal it may be, it is impolite not to return a bow if someone bows to you.) *30-degree bow. People use this kind of bow to greet customers or to thank someone. We often see this kind of bow in Japanese business situations. It is just like welcoming a customer to your shop or inviting a friend to come into your home in China. *45-degree bow. This is the most formal type of bow. People use it to say sorry to someone, show respect (尊重) to someone or ask for help. 6．People in Japan usually greet each other by ________. A．smiling B．shaking hands C．touching noses D．bowing 7．The underlined word “custom” means “________” in Chinese. A．细节 B．风俗 C．事件 D．行为 8．We can read ________ kinds of bows in this passage. A．two B．three C．four    D five 9．When people in Japan bow to you, you should ________. A．walk away at once B．bow to them C．smile to them D．shake hands 10．In Japan, if you want to ask someone for help, you’d better use the ________. A．15-degree bow B．30-degree bow C．45-degree bow D．60-degree bow （C） Diwali (排灯节) is an India holiday. People there celebrate Diwali for five days. It is the festival of lights. People celebrate it every year. Sometimes it is in October, and some-times it is in November. India people clean their homes for holiday visits from friends and relatives. They even paint the wall. People wear new clothes and give presents to each other. Candy is their favourite. They go to temples (庙宇) together and make delicious food to share with others. Children like making rangolis. They make them in front of their houses. They use this way to welcome their goddess (女神)Lakshmi. They hope she can visit their homes and bring them presents. The children put food for Lakshmi on the table too. Piyo is six years old. She lives in India with her mum, dad and brother. Every year her grandma comes to make a rangoli with them. Grandma learns to make rangolis from her mum. Now she teaches Piyo and her brother. First they draw a picture of their rangoli. Piyo wants to make flowers on it. She likes blue, orange and green. They do it for a day. “Piyo, your rangoli is great! ” say some people. Piyo feels really happy. 11．What can you see on Diwali? ________. A． B． C． D． 12．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? ________. A．The activities to celebrate Diwali. B．The history of Diwali. C．The food people eat on Diwali. D．Special pictures on Diwali. 13．Why do children make rangolis on Diwali? ________. A．Because they are good at drawing. B．Because they must stay at home on Diwali. C．Because their parents ask them to do so. D．Because they hope to get presents from Lakshmi. 14．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ________. A．People celebrate Diwali every October. B．Grandma learns to make rangolis from Piyo’s mother. C．Piyo always lives with her grandma. D．Piyo makes flowers on her rangoli. 15．Why does the writer write the passage? ________. A．To show us the life in India. B．To tell us Piyo’s family life. C．To show us a special photo. D．To tell us an important festival. （D） There are many different kinds of festivals around the world. Here are four of them. Saint Patrick’s Day in Ireland Ireland is an island country. It’s in the west of Europe. There are wide green fields. Saint Patrick’s Day is on 17th March. It’s an important holiday in Ireland. This holiday is to remember Saint Patrick. He did good things for the people of Ireland. During the holiday, there are parades (游行). You can see people in green clothes, and you can even see green buildings. Red Wednesday in Iran Red Wednesday is a fire jumping festival in Iran. It is on the eve of the last Wednesday of the year. People jump over the fire. They hope that it will take all the bad things away. The Winter Carnival in Canada When winter comes, it’s party time in Quebec City, Canada. The Quebec Winter Carnival is all about outdoor fun. It starts from the first Sunday in February and lasts for ten days. One of the most popular activities is the dog sled (雪橇) race. It has more than thirty teams and the race goes on for six kilometers. You can see happiness on every face. The Desert Festival in Tunisia Tunisia is a very important country in North Africa. Every year on the last Sunday in December, the Desert Festival is held in Tunisia. As “ships of the desert”, camels are very important in the festival. There are camel racing and camel wrestling (搏斗). 16．On Saint Patrick’s Day, we can see the following EXCEPT _________. A．parades B．camels C．people in green D．green buildings 17．What do people do on Red Wednesday in Iran? ________. A．They run in the snow. B．They wear red clothes. C．They watch the camel racing. D．They jump over the fire. 18．Which of the following is TRUE about the dog sled race according to the passage? ________. A．The race happens on 17th March. B．The race goes on for six kilometers. C．The race has a history of about ten years. D．About thirty people go to the race every year. 19．When is the Desert Festival in Tunisia every year? ________. A．On the last Sunday in December. B．On the first Sunday in February. C．On the eve of the last Friday of the year. D．On the eve of the last Wednesday of the year. 20．Where is the passage probably from? ________. A．A poster of a movie. B．A news report. C．A travel magazine. D．The map of China. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年真题编写。本套试卷共100份：第一部分是42份知识点训练卷，第二部分是单项选择题、完型填空、阅读理解、职业模块分别作答题和书面表达等48份专项训练卷。第三部分是10份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》的第76卷，是阅读理解部分专项训练卷。按教学标准的掌握要求编写。 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》第76卷 专项训练卷·工科类阅读（1）人与社会-文化 考试时间：30分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题5分，共100分） 从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 （A） In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts (主人) and the worst guests in the world. They’re not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is much different than in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western hosts sometimes look rude (粗鲁的) in the eyes of Chinese guests. In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest. My wife’s mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke?” But, don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they do not allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host. Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your house, don’t be too surprised if they don’t bring you a gift. In China, you probably won’t need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected. 1．Many foreigners think that Chinese hosts are the ________ in the world. A．best B．worst C．most natural D．most different 2．When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often ________. A．buys some fruit B．feels like a god C．wants some gifts D．takes a cup of tea 3．If the writer’s guests want to smoke in his house, what will he probably say? ________. A．It’s OK if you smoke here. B．Let’s smoke together. C．Sorry, you can’t smoke here. D．Smoking is a bad habit. 4．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “adapt to” in the passage? ________. A．think back to B．get used to C．look forward to D．keep close to 5．What is the main idea of this passage? ________. A．Foreigners should learn from Chinese. B．Hosts must do things in the guests’ way. C．Western hosts are always nice to guests. D．People should understand cultural differences. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍中西方在主客关系上存在差异，包括对待客人的方式、客人的行为习惯等方面。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts (主人) and the worst guests in the world. (在很多外国人眼中，中国人是世界上最好的主人和最差的客人) ”，可知，许多外国人认为中国主人是世界上最好的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person’s home ... (在中国，客人几乎像上帝一样。每当我进入一个中国人的家…… )”，可知，当一位西方客人拜访一个中国家庭时，他经常感觉像上帝一样。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, ‘Is it OK if I smoke?’ But, don’t be surprised if they say, ‘No, you can’t smoke.’(在大多数北美家庭中，如果你是客人，而主人不吸烟，你不应该在他们家里吸烟。至少，你可以问：“我可以在这里吸烟吗？”但是，如果他们说 “不，你不能吸烟”，不要感到惊讶 )” ，作者是北美人，可知，如果作者的客人想在他家里吸烟，他可能会说抱歉，你不能在这里吸烟。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. (在中国的客人也有特殊习惯。一些西方人可能不会很快适应这些习惯 )” ，结合前文提到中西方主客习惯不同，可知是西方人难以很快适应，“get used to”意思是“习惯于；适应”，符合语境。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。文章通篇在阐述中西方在主客关系上的文化差异，如中国客人像上帝，西方有不同的待客和做客规则等。以及根据最后一句“If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected. (如果西方主人邀请你去他们家，要是他们招待你的方式并非你所期望的那样，尽量别太惊讶。)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是人们应该理解文化差异。故选D。 （B） If you are travelling to Japan, knowing how to bow and greet in Japan can be helpful. Bowing is an important custom in Japan. People usually greet each other by bowing instead of shaking hands, and people generally have small talks before or after they bow. Men and women bow differently—men usually keep their hands at their sides, while women put their hands together on their thighs (大腿) with their fingers touching one another. *15-degree (度) bow. This is the most informal (非正式的) bow. It is used when you are rushing to work and see someone you know, or when you run into a friend on the streets. (Remember, no matter how informal it may be, it is impolite not to return a bow if someone bows to you.) *30-degree bow. People use this kind of bow to greet customers or to thank someone. We often see this kind of bow in Japanese business situations. It is just like welcoming a customer to your shop or inviting a friend to come into your home in China. *45-degree bow. This is the most formal type of bow. People use it to say sorry to someone, show respect (尊重) to someone or ask for help. 6．People in Japan usually greet each other by ________. A．smiling B．shaking hands C．touching noses D．bowing 7．The underlined word “custom” means “________” in Chinese. A．细节 B．风俗 C．事件 D．行为 8．We can read ________ kinds of bows in this passage. A．two B．three C．four    D five 9．When people in Japan bow to you, you should ________. A．walk away at once B．bow to them C．smile to them D．shake hands 10．In Japan, if you want to ask someone for help, you’d better use the ________. A．15-degree bow B．30-degree bow C．45-degree bow D．60-degree bow 【答案】6．D 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了日本的鞠躬礼仪：鞠躬是日本重要风俗，男女鞠躬姿势不同，还分15度（非正式）、30度（商务等场合）、45度（正式，用于道歉等）三种类型。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bowing is an important custom in Japan. People usually greet each other by bowing instead of shaking hands, (鞠躬是日本的一项重要习俗。人们通常通过鞠躬而不是握手来问候对方，)”可知，日本人通常通过鞠躬问候，故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“If you are travelling to Japan, knowing how to bow and greet in Japan can be helpful. Bowing is an important custom in Japan. (如果你要去日本旅行，知道如何在日本鞠躬和问候会有所帮助。鞠躬是日本的一项重要习俗。)”可知，鞠躬是日本的一项重要习俗。“custom”意为“风俗”。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据第三、四、五段开头“15-degree (度) bow. (15度鞠躬。)”“30-degree bow. (30度鞠躬。)”“45-degree bow. (45度鞠躬。)”可知，有三种鞠躬类型。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Remember, no matter how informal it may be, it is impolite not to return a bow if someone bows to you. (记住，无论多么非正式，如果有人向你鞠躬，不还躬都是不礼貌的。)”可知，别人鞠躬时应回以鞠躬。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People use it to say sorry to someone, show respect (尊重) to someone or ask for help. (人们用它来向某人道歉、表示尊重或寻求帮助。)”可知，求助时应使用 45 度鞠躬。故选C。 （C） Diwali (排灯节) is an India holiday. People there celebrate Diwali for five days. It is the festival of lights. People celebrate it every year. Sometimes it is in October, and some-times it is in November. India people clean their homes for holiday visits from friends and relatives. They even paint the wall. People wear new clothes and give presents to each other. Candy is their favourite. They go to temples (庙宇) together and make delicious food to share with others. Children like making rangolis. They make them in front of their houses. They use this way to welcome their goddess (女神)Lakshmi. They hope she can visit their homes and bring them presents. The children put food for Lakshmi on the table too. Piyo is six years old. She lives in India with her mum, dad and brother. Every year her grandma comes to make a rangoli with them. Grandma learns to make rangolis from her mum. Now she teaches Piyo and her brother. First they draw a picture of their rangoli. Piyo wants to make flowers on it. She likes blue, orange and green. They do it for a day. “Piyo, your rangoli is great! ” say some people. Piyo feels really happy. 11．What can you see on Diwali? ________. A． B． C． D． 12．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? ________. A．The activities to celebrate Diwali. B．The history of Diwali. C．The food people eat on Diwali. D．Special pictures on Diwali. 13．Why do children make rangolis on Diwali? ________. A．Because they are good at drawing. B．Because they must stay at home on Diwali. C．Because their parents ask them to do so. D．Because they hope to get presents from Lakshmi. 14．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ________. A．People celebrate Diwali every October. B．Grandma learns to make rangolis from Piyo’s mother. C．Piyo always lives with her grandma. D．Piyo makes flowers on her rangoli. 15．Why does the writer write the passage? ________. A．To show us the life in India. B．To tell us Piyo’s family life. C．To show us a special photo. D．To tell us an important festival. 【答案】11．A 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了印度的一个最重要的节日一排灯节。文章还介绍了该节日的典型庆祝方式以及印度6岁的Piyo一家在这节日里的庆祝活动。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“It is the festival of lights. (这是灯节。)”可知，这是一个有关灯的节日。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“India people clean their homes for holiday visits from friends and relatives. They even paint the wall. People wear new clothes and give presents to each other. Candy is their favourite. They go to temples (庙宇) together and make delicious food to share with others.(印度人在亲友来访时打扫房子。他们甚至粉刷墙壁。人们穿上新衣服，互相赠送礼物。糖果是他们的最爱。他们一起去寺庙，做美味的食物和别人分享。)”可知，本段主要讲述了人们为了庆祝排灯节所进行的活动。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“They hope she can visit their homes and bring them presents. (他们希望她能去他们家，给他们带礼物。)” 可知，他们想从 Lakshmi那里得到礼物。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Piyo wants to make flowers on it. (Piyo想在上面做花。)”可知，Piyo在她的rangoli上做花。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Diwali (排灯节) is an India holiday. People there celebrate Diwali for five days. It is the festival of lights. People celebrate it every year. (排灯节是印度的节日。那里的人们庆祝五天排灯节。这是灯节。人们每年都会庆祝它。)”可知，本文主要讲述了印度的排灯节，作者写这篇文章为了给我们介绍一个重要的节日。故选D。 （D） There are many different kinds of festivals around the world. Here are four of them. Saint Patrick’s Day in Ireland Ireland is an island country. It’s in the west of Europe. There are wide green fields. Saint Patrick’s Day is on 17th March. It’s an important holiday in Ireland. This holiday is to remember Saint Patrick. He did good things for the people of Ireland. During the holiday, there are parades (游行). You can see people in green clothes, and you can even see green buildings. Red Wednesday in Iran Red Wednesday is a fire jumping festival in Iran. It is on the eve of the last Wednesday of the year. People jump over the fire. They hope that it will take all the bad things away. The Winter Carnival in Canada When winter comes, it’s party time in Quebec City, Canada. The Quebec Winter Carnival is all about outdoor fun. It starts from the first Sunday in February and lasts for ten days. One of the most popular activities is the dog sled (雪橇) race. It has more than thirty teams and the race goes on for six kilometers. You can see happiness on every face. The Desert Festival in Tunisia Tunisia is a very important country in North Africa. Every year on the last Sunday in December, the Desert Festival is held in Tunisia. As “ships of the desert”, camels are very important in the festival. There are camel racing and camel wrestling (搏斗). 16．On Saint Patrick’s Day, we can see the following EXCEPT _________. A．parades B．camels C．people in green D．green buildings 17．What do people do on Red Wednesday in Iran? ________. A．They run in the snow. B．They wear red clothes. C．They watch the camel racing. D．They jump over the fire. 18．Which of the following is TRUE about the dog sled race according to the passage? ________. A．The race happens on 17th March. B．The race goes on for six kilometers. C．The race has a history of about ten years. D．About thirty people go to the race every year. 19．When is the Desert Festival in Tunisia every year? ________. A．On the last Sunday in December. B．On the first Sunday in February. C．On the eve of the last Friday of the year. D．On the eve of the last Wednesday of the year. 20．Where is the passage probably from? ________. A．A poster of a movie. B．A news report. C．A travel magazine. D．The map of China. 【答案】16．B 17．D 18．B 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了四个全世界范围内有趣的节日。 16．细节理解题。根据“ Saint Patrick’s Day in Ireland”部分信息描述“During the holiday , there are parades (游行). You can see people in green clothes, and you can even see green buildings. (节日期间有游行。你可以看到人们穿着绿色的衣服，你甚至可以看到绿色的建筑。)”可知，在圣帕特里克节，我们可以看到游行、穿绿色衣服的人和绿色的建筑，没有提到骆驼。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“ Red Wednesday in Iran”部分信息描述“People jump over the fire. (人们跳过火。)”可知，在红色星期三人们会跳过火焰。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据“The Winter Carnival in Canada”部分信息描述“It has more than thirty teams and the race goes on for six kilometers. (它有30多支队伍，比赛持续6公里。)”可知，雪橇比赛全程6公里。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据“The Desert Festival in Tunisia”部分信息描述“Every year on the last Sunday in December, the Desert Festivalis held in Tunisia. (每年12月的最后一个星期天，沙漠节都会在突尼斯举行。) ”可知，the Desert Festival 在每年12月的最后一个星期天。故选A。 20．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“There are many different kinds of festivals around the world. Here are four of them. (世界上有许多不同种类的节日。下面是其中的四个。)”可知，本文主要向读者介绍了四个全世界范围内的节日，所以该类文章应出现在旅行杂志上。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$