工科类阅读（3）人与社会-科学家-专项训练卷 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》 第78卷（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年真题编写。本套试卷共100份：第一部分是42份知识点训练卷，第二部分是单项选择题、完型填空、阅读理解、职业模块分别作答题和书面表达等48份专项训练卷。第三部分是10份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》的第78卷，是阅读理解部分专项训练卷。按教学标准的掌握要求编写。 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》第78卷 专项训练卷·工科类阅读（3）人与社会-科学家 考试时间：30分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题5分，共100分） 从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 （A） Stephen Hawking, the most famous scientist of his time, died when he was 76 on March 14,2018. He died peacefully on Wednesday at his home in Cambridge, England. Hawking was a physicist. He was known worldwide for explaining subjects like the beginnings of the universe (宇宙) and what black holes are. He got the ALS (渐冻症) in 1963. At that time, doctors said he would only live a few years. But he proved them wrong by living for over 50 years more and going on with his scientific work. The disease finally put him in a wheel- chair and took away his ability to speak. For many years, Hawking communicated by using a special tool but not in his own voice. His 1988 book “A Brief History of Time” became an international bestseller and made him world-famous. Hawking was also known for his successful re- search on black holes. His work is known as Hawking radiation. In his 2013 book “My Brief History”, Hawking wrote about his ideas of the illness, “I felt it was very unfair — why should this happen to me?” He added, “At the time, I thought my life was over and that I would never realize the ability I felt I had.” “But now, my goal is simple,” Hawking once said. “It is a complete understanding of the universe — what it is and why it is there.” Hawking was a big supporter of human space travel, especially the space travel to the Moon and Mars. He said it would help humans in a common purpose of spreading themselves beyond the Earth. “We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. It is time to explore other solar systems. Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I believe that humans need to leave the Earth.” he said last year. 1．Stephen Hawking was a great scientist and he ________. A．was born in 1940 in Cambridge B．passed away peacefully in a hospital C．was famous for his travel to the Moon D．made people understand the universe better 2．Paragraph 3 shows that ________. A．Hawking died only a few years after he got the ALS B．doctors played an important role in Hawking’s daily life C．how Hawking’s disease was caused and how he was treated D．Hawking managed to go on with scientific work with the ALS 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 mean? ________. A．running out of the space B．a supporter of space travel C．a common purpose of helping humans D．human space travel to the Moon and Mars 4．The right order of the following events should be ________. a. Hawking got the ALS in 1963. b. Hawking passed away on March 14, 2018. c. Hawking wrote “My Brief History” which is about his illness. d. Hawking wrote “A Brief History of Time” and it made him world-famous. A．a, d, c, b B．a, b, c, d C．b, a, c, d D．d, a, c, b 5．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．Hawking always believed that he would be successful B．Hawking communicated by a special tool in his own voice C．Hawking believed spreading out could help save people on the Earth D．Hawking didn’t become famous until “My Brief History” was published 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲了著名的科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的一生，详细介绍了他与病魔的对抗的经历、他的著作及其一生取得的成就等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“He was known worldwide for explaining subjects like the beginnings of the universe and what black holes are. (他因解释宇宙的起源和黑洞是什么而闻名于世)”可知，他的主要成就都在探索宇宙上，使得人们对宇宙有了更好的理解。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“But he proved them wrong by living for over 50 years more and going on with his scientific work. (但他通过再活50年并继续他的科学研究，证明了他们的错误。)”可知，他带着渐冻症这个病继续进行科研。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第六段“Hawking was a big supporter of human space travel, especially the space travel to the Moon and Mars. He said it would help humans in a common purpose of spreading themselves beyond the Earth. (霍金非常支持人类太空旅行，特别是前往月球和火星的太空旅行。他说，这将有助于人类实现共同目标，即在地球之外传播人类)”可推出it指代上文中出现的到月亮和火星的太空旅行。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第一、三、四、五段第一句“Stephen Hawking, the most famous scientist of his time, died when he was 76 on March 14, 2018. (斯蒂芬·霍金是当时最著名的科学家，他于2018年3月14日，76岁去世。)”“He got the ALS in 1963 (他在1963年得了渐冻症”“His 1988 book “A Brief History of Time” became an international bestseller and made him world-famous. (他的1988年出版的《时间简史》成为国际畅销书，使他世界闻名。)”“In his 2013 book “My Brief History”, Hawking wrote about his ideas of the illness (在2013年出版的《我的简史》一书中，霍金写下了他对这种疾病的看法)”可知，事件发生的时间是 a—1963；b—2018；c—2013；d—1988；按时间顺序为 a, d, c, b.故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I believe that humans need to leave the Earth (扩展出去可能是唯一能拯救我们自己的东西。我相信人类需要离开地球)”可知，霍金认为向其他星球扩张能拯救地球人。故选C。 （B） English mathematician Ada Lovelace has been called the world’s first computer program-mer. In the 1840s, she wrote the world’s first algorithm (算法) for an early computing machine. Ada Lovelace was the daughter of the famous poet Lord Byron. Born in London, England in 1815, she was raised by her mother, Lady Anne Byron. Lady Byron didn’t want her daughter to be a poet like her father, so she had her study science, French, and maths. Love-lace showed a talent for numbers and languages at an early age. In 1833, Lovelace met Charles Babbage, who had invented a machine called the Difference Engine. She was fascinated by the machine and became Babbage’s lifelong friend. Babbage had a new project in mind, a much more advanced (高级的) machine, the Analytical Engine. They discussed maths and computing as he developed the Analytical Engine. In 1843, Lovelace translated a French article that Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea wrote about Babbage’s Analytical Engine into English. She added many notes of her own to the translation (译文) since she knew well about Babbage’s work. Her notes showed how Babbage’s Analytical Engine would work, and gave a set of instructions for using the machine. Ada Lovelace died in 1852, when she was just 36 years old. Lovelace’s contributions to the field of computer science were not discovered until the 1950s. In 1953, her notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine were published. The engine is now considered as a model of a computer, and Lovelace’s notes as a description (描述) of a computer and software. In 1980, a new computer language was named “Ada” in honor of Ada Lovelace. 6．Which of the following is TRUE about Lady Byron? ________. A．She taught her daughter French. B．She was a famous mathematician. C．She wanted her daughter to be a programmer. D．She valued her daughter’s education. 7．How old was Ada Lovelace when she met Charles Babbage? ________. A．About 18. B．About 19. C．About 20. D．About 21. 8．Who wrote the French article about the Analytical Engine? ________. A．Lord Byron. B．Luigi Menabrea. C．Charles Babbage. D．Ada Lovelace. 9．Ada Lovelace added many notes of her own to the translation because ________. A．she was good at writing B．she had a talent for languages C．she followed Babbage’s advice D．she was familiar with Babbage’s work 10．What’s the best title for the passage? ________. A．Ada, a new computer language B．Charles Babbage, a computer builder C．Ada Lovelace, the first computer programmer D．The Analytical Engine, a model of a computer 【答案】6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国数学家Ada Lovelace的生平及其在计算机科学领域的贡献。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“Lady Byron didn’t want her daughter to be a poet like her father, so she had her study science, French, and maths. (Byron夫人不希望女儿像她父亲那样成为诗人，所以她让女儿学习科学、法语和数学。)”可知，Byron夫人重视她女儿的教育。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“Born in London, England in 1815 (1815年出生于英国伦敦)”和第三段“In 1833, Lovelace met Charles Babbage (1833 年，Lovelace结识了Charles Babbage)”可知，Ada Lovelace在遇到 Charles Babbage时，大约18岁。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段“In 1843, Lovelace translated a French article that Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea wrote about Babbage’s Analytical Engine into English. (1843年，Lovelace将意大利数学家Luigi Menabrea撰写的一篇关于Babbage分析机的法语文章翻译成了英文。)”可知，这篇法语文章是意大利数学家Luigi Menabrea写的。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段“She added many notes of her own to the translation since she knew well about Babbage’s work. (由于她对Babbage的工作十分了解，所以她在译文里添加了许多自己的注释。)”可知，她对Babbage的工作很熟悉。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“English mathematician Ada Lovelace has been called the world’s first computer program-mer. In the 1840s, she wrote the world’s first algorithm for an early computing machine. (英国数学家Ada Lovelace被誉为世界上首位计算机程序员。19世纪40年代，她为早期的计算设备编写了世界上首个算法。)”可知，本文主要介绍了世界上第一位计算机程序员Ada Lovelace 的一生。故选C。 （C） Hello, everyone! I’d like to tell you something about a famous scientist named Qian Xuesen. He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11st, 1911. After he graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934, he got a chance to study in the USA．After he graduated, he became a teacher as well as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories (导弹理论). When he was 44, he returned to his motherland and the country’s space research was almost a blank. In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. He made such important contributions to the missile and space programs that he was honored as “The Father of China’s Missiles”. The Chinese people are proud of him. He passed away on October 31st, 2009 at the age of 98, but all the Chinese will remember him forever. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destination (终点) is in China!” When someone said he could make much more money if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My family name is Qian, but I don’t like qian.” His spirit encourages us to love our country and devote ourselves to science. 11．What did Qian Xuesen study? ________. A．Robots. B．Rockets and missile theories. C．English. D．Finance. 12．When did Qian Xuesen return to his motherland? ________. A．In 1955. B．In 1950. C．In 1948. D．In1958. 13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ________. A．He graduated from Zhejiang University in 1933. B．He got a chance to study in England in 1934. C．He set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles in 1956. D．He passed away on December 31st, 2009. 14．What does the underlined word “qian” in Paragraph 3 mean? ________. A．Family name. B．Given name. C．Money. D．His hobby. 15．Why do people respect Qian Xuesen? ________. A．Because he was born in China. B．Because he was “The Father of China’s Missiles”. C．Because he graduated from Jiao Tong University. D．Because he got a chance to study in the USA． 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述中国著名科学家钱学森的生平事迹，包括他在火箭和导弹理论方面的研究、回国贡献以及爱国精神。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“he became a teacher as well as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories. (他成为一名教师兼研究火箭和导弹理论的研究员。)”可知，钱学森研究的是火箭和导弹理论。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11st, 1911. (他于1911年12月11日出生在浙江省杭州市。)”以及第二段中“When he was 44, he returned to his motherland (44岁时，他回到祖国)”可知，他1911年出生，44岁回国，计算可得回国年份为1955年。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. (1956年，他建立了第一个火箭和导弹研究所。)”可知，1956年，他建立了第一个火箭和导弹研究所。故选C。 14．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“When someone said he could make much more money if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My family name is Qian, but I don’t like qian.” (当有人说他留在美国能赚更多钱时，他笑着说：“我姓钱，但我不喜欢钱。”)”可知，此处“qian”双关，既指姓氏“钱”，也指“金钱”，结合语境可知画线词意为“金钱”。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“He made such important contributions to the missile and space programs that he was honored as “The Father of China’s Missiles”. The Chinese people are proud of him. (他对导弹和航天事业做出了如此重要的贡献，以至于被誉为“中国导弹之父”。中国人民为他感到骄傲。)”可知，人们尊敬钱学森是因为他被誉为“中国导弹之父”。故选B。 （D） Charles Darwin Early years Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin's university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.The Beagle In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).Down house At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However; when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin's theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 16．Darwin came from a ________-children family. A．four B．five C．six D．seven 17．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine? ________. A．He didn't like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult. C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science. 18．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? ________. A．It helped him to finish his study at the university. B．It allowed him to change his mind about his fixture. C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life. D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 19．In what order did the following happen in Darwin's life? ________. a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He thought the public would not support his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world. f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e-→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b 20．Why did the writer include the last paragraph? ________. A．To introduce Darwin's famous book. B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C．To explain why people accept Darwin's ideas. D．To show Darwin's influence on natural science. 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经历。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. (查尔斯·达尔文是一个大家庭的六个孩子之一。)”可知，达尔文来自一个有六个孩子的家庭。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. (然而，他讨厌看到血，他很快意识到他不能成为一名医生。)”可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先). (达尔文还花时间在‘小猎户号’上记录他所看到的事情。当他最终回到英国时，达尔文已经开始创造他著名的理论，即所有生物都有一个共同的祖先。)”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据第一段中“he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals (他对研究植物、昆虫和动物很感兴趣)”可知，他对学习自然世界感兴趣；根据第一段中“one of Darwin's university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature (达尔文的一位大学老师帮助他参加了生物学家的完美之旅：环游世界，研究自然)”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行；根据第二段中“he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited (他研究了船所访问的国家和岛屿上的动植物)”可知，他在船经过的岛上研究植物和动物；根据第二段中“When he finally arrived back in Britain (当他终于回到英国时)”可知，他最终回到英国。根据第三段中“he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans (他很害怕人们会对他关于猴子是人类祖先的观点说三道四)”可知，他认为大众不会支持他的想法。根据第三段中“Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species (达尔文决定出版他的书《物种起源》)”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。因此正确的顺序是“c→e→f→a→b→d”。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world (世界各地庆祝达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然世界)”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学，由此可推断处，最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年真题编写。本套试卷共100份：第一部分是42份知识点训练卷，第二部分是单项选择题、完型填空、阅读理解、职业模块分别作答题和书面表达等48份专项训练卷。第三部分是10份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》的第78卷，是阅读理解部分专项训练卷。按教学标准的掌握要求编写。 2026版山西省（对口升学）《英语考纲百套卷》第78卷 专项训练卷·工科类阅读（3）人与社会-科学家 考试时间：30分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题5分，共100分） 从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的最佳选项。 （A） Stephen Hawking, the most famous scientist of his time, died when he was 76 on March 14,2018. He died peacefully on Wednesday at his home in Cambridge, England. Hawking was a physicist. He was known worldwide for explaining subjects like the beginnings of the universe (宇宙) and what black holes are. He got the ALS (渐冻症) in 1963. At that time, doctors said he would only live a few years. But he proved them wrong by living for over 50 years more and going on with his scientific work. The disease finally put him in a wheel- chair and took away his ability to speak. For many years, Hawking communicated by using a special tool but not in his own voice. His 1988 book “A Brief History of Time” became an international bestseller and made him world-famous. Hawking was also known for his successful re- search on black holes. His work is known as Hawking radiation. In his 2013 book “My Brief History”, Hawking wrote about his ideas of the illness, “I felt it was very unfair — why should this happen to me?” He added, “At the time, I thought my life was over and that I would never realize the ability I felt I had.” “But now, my goal is simple,” Hawking once said. “It is a complete understanding of the universe — what it is and why it is there.” Hawking was a big supporter of human space travel, especially the space travel to the Moon and Mars. He said it would help humans in a common purpose of spreading themselves beyond the Earth. “We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. It is time to explore other solar systems. Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I believe that humans need to leave the Earth.” he said last year. 1．Stephen Hawking was a great scientist and he ________. A．was born in 1940 in Cambridge B．passed away peacefully in a hospital C．was famous for his travel to the Moon D．made people understand the universe better 2．Paragraph 3 shows that ________. A．Hawking died only a few years after he got the ALS B．doctors played an important role in Hawking’s daily life C．how Hawking’s disease was caused and how he was treated D．Hawking managed to go on with scientific work with the ALS 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 mean? ________. A．running out of the space B．a supporter of space travel C．a common purpose of helping humans D．human space travel to the Moon and Mars 4．The right order of the following events should be ________. a. Hawking got the ALS in 1963. b. Hawking passed away on March 14, 2018. c. Hawking wrote “My Brief History” which is about his illness. d. Hawking wrote “A Brief History of Time” and it made him world-famous. A．a, d, c, b B．a, b, c, d C．b, a, c, d D．d, a, c, b 5．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．Hawking always believed that he would be successful B．Hawking communicated by a special tool in his own voice C．Hawking believed spreading out could help save people on the Earth D．Hawking didn’t become famous until “My Brief History” was published （B） English mathematician Ada Lovelace has been called the world’s first computer program-mer. In the 1840s, she wrote the world’s first algorithm (算法) for an early computing machine. Ada Lovelace was the daughter of the famous poet Lord Byron. Born in London, England in 1815, she was raised by her mother, Lady Anne Byron. Lady Byron didn’t want her daughter to be a poet like her father, so she had her study science, French, and maths. Love-lace showed a talent for numbers and languages at an early age. In 1833, Lovelace met Charles Babbage, who had invented a machine called the Difference Engine. She was fascinated by the machine and became Babbage’s lifelong friend. Babbage had a new project in mind, a much more advanced (高级的) machine, the Analytical Engine. They discussed maths and computing as he developed the Analytical Engine. In 1843, Lovelace translated a French article that Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea wrote about Babbage’s Analytical Engine into English. She added many notes of her own to the translation (译文) since she knew well about Babbage’s work. Her notes showed how Babbage’s Analytical Engine would work, and gave a set of instructions for using the machine. Ada Lovelace died in 1852, when she was just 36 years old. Lovelace’s contributions to the field of computer science were not discovered until the 1950s. In 1953, her notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine were published. The engine is now considered as a model of a computer, and Lovelace’s notes as a description (描述) of a computer and software. In 1980, a new computer language was named “Ada” in honor of Ada Lovelace. 6．Which of the following is TRUE about Lady Byron? ________. A．She taught her daughter French. B．She was a famous mathematician. C．She wanted her daughter to be a programmer. D．She valued her daughter’s education. 7．How old was Ada Lovelace when she met Charles Babbage? ________. A．About 18. B．About 19. C．About 20. D．About 21. 8．Who wrote the French article about the Analytical Engine? ________. A．Lord Byron. B．Luigi Menabrea. C．Charles Babbage. D．Ada Lovelace. 9．Ada Lovelace added many notes of her own to the translation because ________. A．she was good at writing B．she had a talent for languages C．she followed Babbage’s advice D．she was familiar with Babbage’s work 10．What’s the best title for the passage? ________. A．Ada, a new computer language B．Charles Babbage, a computer builder C．Ada Lovelace, the first computer programmer D．The Analytical Engine, a model of a computer （C） Hello, everyone! I’d like to tell you something about a famous scientist named Qian Xuesen. He was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11st, 1911. After he graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934, he got a chance to study in the USA．After he graduated, he became a teacher as well as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories (导弹理论). When he was 44, he returned to his motherland and the country’s space research was almost a blank. In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. He made such important contributions to the missile and space programs that he was honored as “The Father of China’s Missiles”. The Chinese people are proud of him. He passed away on October 31st, 2009 at the age of 98, but all the Chinese will remember him forever. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destination (终点) is in China!” When someone said he could make much more money if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My family name is Qian, but I don’t like qian.” His spirit encourages us to love our country and devote ourselves to science. 11．What did Qian Xuesen study? ________. A．Robots. B．Rockets and missile theories. C．English. D．Finance. 12．When did Qian Xuesen return to his motherland? ________. A．In 1955. B．In 1950. C．In 1948. D．In1958. 13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ________. A．He graduated from Zhejiang University in 1933. B．He got a chance to study in England in 1934. C．He set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles in 1956. D．He passed away on December 31st, 2009. 14．What does the underlined word “qian” in Paragraph 3 mean? ________. A．Family name. B．Given name. C．Money. D．His hobby. 15．Why do people respect Qian Xuesen? ________. A．Because he was born in China. B．Because he was “The Father of China’s Missiles”. C．Because he graduated from Jiao Tong University. D．Because he got a chance to study in the USA． （D） Charles Darwin Early years Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin's university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.The Beagle In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).Down house At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However; when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin's theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 16．Darwin came from a ________-children family. A．four B．five C．six D．seven 17．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine? ________. A．He didn't like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult. C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science. 18．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? ________. A．It helped him to finish his study at the university. B．It allowed him to change his mind about his fixture. C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life. D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 19．In what order did the following happen in Darwin's life? ________. a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He thought the public would not support his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world. f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e-→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b 20．Why did the writer include the last paragraph? ________. A．To introduce Darwin's famous book. B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C．To explain why people accept Darwin's ideas. D．To show Darwin's influence on natural science. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$