专题14 阅读理解（A卷·基础巩固）-2026版吉林省（对口招生）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版吉林省（高职分类考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的16个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版吉林省（高职分类考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第14个专题，内容阅读理解。 22026版吉林省（高职分类考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题14 阅读理解（A卷·基础巩固） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题5分，满分 100分） Passage 1 It was Monday. Mrs. Smith’s dog was hungry, but there was not any meat in the house. Considering that there was no better way. Mrs. Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the following words on it: “Give my dog half a pound of meat”. Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently: “Take this to the butcher and he’s going to give you your lunch today.” Holding the piece of paper in its mouth, the dog ran to the butcher’s. It gave the paper to the butcher. The butcher read it carefully, recognized that it was really the lady’s handwriting and soon did it as he was asked to. The dog was very happy, and ate the meat up at once. At noon, the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it, he gave it half a pound of meat once more. The next day, the dog came again exactly at noon. And as usual, it brought a piece of paper in the mouth. This time, the butcher did not take a look at the paper, and gave the dog its meat, for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers. But, the dog came again at four o’clock. And the same thing happened once again. To the butcher’s more surprise, it came for the third time at six o’clock, and brought with it a third piece of paper. The butcher felt a bit puzzled. He said to himself, “This is a small dog. Why does Mrs. Smith give it so much meat to eat today?” 1.Looking at the piece of paper, he found that there were not any words on it! From this passage, we can see the dog is ______. A. clever B. cute C. hungry D. stupid 2.It seemed that the dog knew well that the paper Mrs. Smith gave it ______. A. might do it much harm B. could do it much good C. would help the butcher D. was worth many pounds 3.The butcher did not give any meat to the dog ______. A. before he felt sure that the words were really written by Mrs. Smith B. when he found that the words on the paper were not clear C. because he had sold out all the meat in his shop D. until he was paid enough by Mrs. Smith 4.From its experience, the dog found that ______. A. only the paper with Mrs. Smith’s words in it could bring it meat B. the butcher would give the meat to it whenever he saw it C. Mrs. Smith would pay for the meat it got from the butcher D. a piece of paper could bring it half a pound of meat 5.At the end of the story, you’ll find that ______. A. the dog was clever enough to write on the paper B. the dog dared not go to the butcher’s any more C. the butcher was told not to give any meat to the dog D. the butcher found himself cheated by the clever animal 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.D 【导语】体裁为记叙文。讲述了史密斯夫人的狗利用纸条从屠夫处获取肉的故事，狗起初凭有字纸条得到肉，后来用无字纸条也成功获取，最后屠夫发现被聪明的狗 “欺骗” 。 【详解】1.推理判断题。狗能想到用纸条（甚至无字纸条）去换肉，说明它很 “clever（聪明）”，选 A；“cute（可爱）” 不是重点体现内容；“hungry（饿）” 只是故事背景；“stupid（愚蠢）” 与狗的行为相悖。 2推理判断题。狗多次用纸条成功换到肉，所以它知道纸条对它 “有好处（could do it much good）”，选 B；A 选项 “harm（伤害）”、C 选项 “help the butcher（帮助屠夫）”、D 选项 “worth many pounds（值很多英镑）” 均不符合文意。 3细节理解题。文中提到 “The butcher read it carefully, recognized that it was really the lady’s handwriting and soon did it as he was asked to.”，说明屠夫在确定是史密斯夫人笔迹前，不会给狗肉，选 A；B 选项 “words not clear（字迹不清）”、C 选项 “sold out meat（肉卖光）”、D 选项 “paid by Mrs. Smith（史密斯夫人付款）” 均未提及。 4推理判断题。狗从有字纸条换到肉，到后来用无字纸条也能换到，可知它发现 “a piece of paper could bring it half a pound of meat（一张纸能给它带来半磅肉）”，选 D；A 选项 “only...with Mrs. Smith’s words（只有有史密斯夫人字的纸）” 与后文无字纸条也能换肉矛盾；B 选项 “whenever he saw it（无论何时看到它）” 太绝对；C 选项 “Mrs. Smith would pay（史密斯夫人会付款）” 不是狗的认知。 5推理判断题。最后屠夫发现纸条无字，意识到被狗 “欺骗”，选 D；A 选项 “dog write on paper（狗会写字）” 错误；B 选项 “dared not go（不敢去）” 未体现；C 选项 “told not to give（被告知不给）” 未提及。 Passage 2 Every day we go to school and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask us some questions. Sometimes, the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class. When you are telling others in the class what you have found out about these topics, remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying. You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat with friends—you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent, waiting to hear what you have to say. You must speak so that they can hear you—loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout or appearing to force yourself. Remember, too, that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a government official who might meet you. The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease, but the situation is somewhat different from that of an ordinary conversation. You must take special care that you can be heard. 1.When you speak to the class, you should speak ______. A. as loudly as possible B. in a low voice C. Loudly D. forcefully 2.Usually, when you speak to your family or have a chat with your friends, you can be ______. A. nervous B. excited C. at ease D. sensitive 3.If you are having a conversation with an official, the most important thing for you is ______. A. to show your ability B. to be very gentle C. to make sure that you can be heard D. to put the official at ease 4.The main idea of the passage is ______. A. that we must use different ways at different situations B. that we must speak loudly C. that we must keep silent at any time D. that we must talk with the class 5.Which is the best title of the passage? A. When you speak. B. What are you talking about. C. Where do you speak. D. Why do you speak. 【答案】1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A 【导语】体裁为说明文。介绍在课堂上发言、与家人朋友聊天、参加面试等不同场景下的发言要求，强调不同场景需采用合适的发言方式，确保被听到 。 【详解】1.细节理解题。文中提到 “You must speak so that they can hear you—loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout...”，即在课堂发言要 “loudly（大声地，清晰地，不过度喊叫）”，选 C；A 选项 “as loudly as possible（尽可能大声）” 过度；B 选项 “low voice（小声）” 不符合；D 选项 “forcefully（强硬地）” 错误。 2.推理判断题。文中说 “You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat with friends—you are in a slightly unnatural situation...”，反之，和家人朋友聊天是 “at ease（自在的）”，选 C；A 选项 “nervous（紧张的）”、B 选项 “excited（兴奋的）”、D 选项 “sensitive（敏感的）” 不符合日常聊天状态。 3.细节理解题。根据 “You must take special care that you can be heard.”，可知和官员交流时，确保被听到最重要，选 C；A 选项 “show ability（展示能力）”、B 选项 “be gentle（温和）”、D 选项 “put official at ease（让官员自在）” 不是最关键的。 4.主旨大意题。文章讲了课堂发言、日常聊天、面试等不同场景的发言要求，即 “在不同场景用不同方式发言（use different ways at different situations）”，选 A；B 选项 “speak loudly（大声发言）” 片面；C 选项 “keep silent（保持沉默）” 错误；D 选项 “talk with the class（和班级交流）” 只是部分内容。 5.主旨大意题。文章围绕不同场景下的发言展开，“When you speak（当你发言时）” 能概括，选 A；B 选项 “what to talk（谈论什么）”、C 选项 “where to speak（在哪里发言）”、D 选项 “why to speak（为什么发言）” 均未突出不同场景发言要求的核心。 Passage 3 Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious reason of discomfort for their fellows. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about the effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke, but also of those who do not. In fact, nonsmokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. A great number of students have joined in an effort to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms. I believe they are completely right in their aim. However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Smoking is not allowed in theatres, cinemas, and other public places, therefore, smoking must be forbidden in our classrooms. 1.What is the students’ aim? A. To express their discomfort. B. To enjoy smoking. C. To forbid smoking in classrooms. D. To suffer from smoking. 2.The writer of the article is likely to be ______. A. a medical doctor B. a government official C. a university student D. a smoker 3.According to the passage, people who don’t smoke ______ when taking in the air polluted by tobacco smoke. A. suffer less than smokers B. suffer more than smokers C. suffer as much as the smokers D. don’t suffer at all from tobacco smoke 4.The writer thinks it important for smokers to ______. A. show concern for others B. forbid others to smoke C. show concern for their own health D. know the effect of smoking on their health 5.The text suggests that ______. A. many students have joined in smokers. B. many students have stopped smoking C. most students are smoking in classrooms D. many students have been smoking in classrooms. 【答案】1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 【导语】体裁为议论文。论述吸烟对吸烟者和非吸烟者健康的影响，学生努力说服大学禁止在教室吸烟，作者认为吸烟者应体谅他人，且吸烟在其他公共场所被禁止，所以教室也应禁烟 。 【详解】1.细节理解题。由 “A great number of students have joined in an effort to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms.” 可知，学生的目标是 “forbid smoking in classrooms（禁止在教室吸烟）”，选 C；A 选项 “express discomfort（表达不适）”、B 选项 “enjoy smoking（享受吸烟）”、D 选项 “suffer from smoking（遭受吸烟之苦）” 均错误。 2.推理判断题。文中提到学生努力推动大学禁烟，作者支持学生，推测作者可能是 “a university student（大学生）”，选 C；A 选项 “medical doctor（医生）”、B 选项 “government official（政府官员）”、D 选项 “a smoker（吸烟者）” 不符合行文视角。 3.细节理解题。根据 “In fact, nonsmokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves.”，可知非吸烟者吸入污染空气 “suffer more than smokers（比吸烟者遭受更多）”，选 B。 4.细节理解题。从 “However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others.” 可知，作者认为吸烟者要 “show concern for others（关心他人）”，选 A；B 选项 “forbid others（禁止他人）” 不是对吸烟者的要求；C 选项 “own health（自己的健康）”、D 选项 “know the effect（知道影响）” 不是重点强调的。 5.推理判断题。由 “A great number of students have joined in an effort to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms.”，可推测 “很多学生一直在教室吸烟（many students have been smoking in classrooms）”，所以才要推动禁烟，选 D；A 选项 “joined in smokers（加入吸烟者）” 错误；B 选项 “stopped smoking（停止吸烟）” 与文意相悖；C 选项 “most students（大多数学生）” 文中未体现 “大多数”。 Passage 4 If you want to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours. The 643-kilometer line is China’s first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary (分界线) between China’s north and south. With a speed of 250 kilometers per hour, it’s also the first mountain-heavy train line to provide a 4G network. Along the way, the train passes through two areas for rare (稀有) wild animals—one for pandas and the other for crested ibises (朱鹮). To reduce the railway’s influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly, China Daily reported. In September, there were 345 wild pandas living in the Qinling Mountains. China now has 1,864 wild pandas in total, according to the Xinhua News Agency. To avoid disturbing the pandas, the railway was designed to run through tunnels (隧道) within the area. Protective shields (防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in. To avoid hurting the thousands of crested ibises that fly near one part of the railway, protective nets have been set up along the tracks to make sure the birds will not fly into a train. The nets are about 32 kilometers long and 4 meters high. Experts tested different shapes and materials for building the nets before making their final choice. (A report in December, 2017) 1.From this month, it will take ______ to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by the high-speed train. A. 16 hours B. 13 hours C. 6 hours D. 3 hours 2.Which of the following is TRUE about the new Xi’an-Chengdu railway? A. It is China’s first high-speed railway. B. It runs through the Qinling Mountains. C. It is the first mountain-heavy train line. D. It is the first train line with a 4G network. 3.Why was the railway designed and built to be environmentally friendly? A. To save money and energy. B. To avoid harming wild animals. C. To avoid damaging the mountains. D. To help the train run through tunnels quietly. 4.What are experts using to stop animals from going into the tunnels? A. Entrances. B. Tracks. C. Protective shields. D. Protective nets. 5.This news about the new railway is reported by ______. A. China Daily B. the Xinhua News Agency C. the 4G network D. CCTV 【答案】1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 【导语】体裁为说明文。介绍西安 - 成都高铁的情况，包括运行时间、路线（穿越秦岭山脉 ）、为保护野生动物进行环保设计（如隧道防护屏、轨道防护网 ）等内容，还提及相关报道来源 。 【详解】1细节理解题。文中明确说 “the new Xi - an - Chengdu high - speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours”，所以选 D。 2细节理解题。依据 “The 643 - kilometer line is China’s first high - speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains”，可知该铁路穿越秦岭山脉，B 正确；A 选项 “中国第一条高铁” 错误；C 选项 “第一条山地重载铁路” 不准确，是 “first mountain - heavy train line to provide a 4G network”；D 选项 “第一条有 4G 网络的铁路” 错误，是 “first mountain - heavy train line to provide a 4G network”。 3细节理解题。由 “To reduce the railway’s influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly”，可知是为避免伤害野生动物，选 B。 4细节理解题。根据 “Protective shields (防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in”，选 C。 5细节理解题。从 “China Daily reported” 可知报道来源是《中国日报》，选 A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版吉林省（高职分类考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的16个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版吉林省（高职分类考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第14个专题，内容阅读理解。 22026版吉林省（高职分类考试）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题14 阅读理解（A卷·基础巩固） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题5分，满分 100分） Passage 1 It was Monday. Mrs. Smith’s dog was hungry, but there was not any meat in the house. Considering that there was no better way. Mrs. Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the following words on it: “Give my dog half a pound of meat”. Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently: “Take this to the butcher and he’s going to give you your lunch today.” Holding the piece of paper in its mouth, the dog ran to the butcher’s. It gave the paper to the butcher. The butcher read it carefully, recognized that it was really the lady’s handwriting and soon did it as he was asked to. The dog was very happy, and ate the meat up at once. At noon, the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it, he gave it half a pound of meat once more. The next day, the dog came again exactly at noon. And as usual, it brought a piece of paper in the mouth. This time, the butcher did not take a look at the paper, and gave the dog its meat, for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers. But, the dog came again at four o’clock. And the same thing happened once again. To the butcher’s more surprise, it came for the third time at six o’clock, and brought with it a third piece of paper. The butcher felt a bit puzzled. He said to himself, “This is a small dog. Why does Mrs. Smith give it so much meat to eat today?” 1.Looking at the piece of paper, he found that there were not any words on it! From this passage, we can see the dog is ______. A. clever B. cute C. hungry D. stupid 2.It seemed that the dog knew well that the paper Mrs. Smith gave it ______. A. might do it much harm B. could do it much good C. would help the butcher D. was worth many pounds 3.The butcher did not give any meat to the dog ______. A. before he felt sure that the words were really written by Mrs. Smith B. when he found that the words on the paper were not clear C. because he had sold out all the meat in his shop D. until he was paid enough by Mrs. Smith 4.From its experience, the dog found that ______. A. only the paper with Mrs. Smith’s words in it could bring it meat B. the butcher would give the meat to it whenever he saw it C. Mrs. Smith would pay for the meat it got from the butcher D. a piece of paper could bring it half a pound of meat 5.At the end of the story, you’ll find that ______. A. the dog was clever enough to write on the paper B. the dog dared not go to the butcher’s any more C. the butcher was told not to give any meat to the dog D. the butcher found himself cheated by the clever animal Passage 2 Every day we go to school and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask us some questions. Sometimes, the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class. When you are telling others in the class what you have found out about these topics, remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying. You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat with friends—you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent, waiting to hear what you have to say. You must speak so that they can hear you—loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout or appearing to force yourself. Remember, too, that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a government official who might meet you. The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease, but the situation is somewhat different from that of an ordinary conversation. You must take special care that you can be heard. 1.When you speak to the class, you should speak ______. A. as loudly as possible B. in a low voice C. Loudly D. forcefully 2.Usually, when you speak to your family or have a chat with your friends, you can be ______. A. nervous B. excited C. at ease D. sensitive 3.If you are having a conversation with an official, the most important thing for you is ______. A. to show your ability B. to be very gentle C. to make sure that you can be heard D. to put the official at ease 4.The main idea of the passage is ______. A. that we must use different ways at different situations B. that we must speak loudly C. that we must keep silent at any time D. that we must talk with the class 5.Which is the best title of the passage? A. When you speak. B. What are you talking about. C. Where do you speak. D. Why do you speak. Passage 3 Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious reason of discomfort for their fellows. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about the effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke, but also of those who do not. In fact, nonsmokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. A great number of students have joined in an effort to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms. I believe they are completely right in their aim. However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Smoking is not allowed in theatres, cinemas, and other public places, therefore, smoking must be forbidden in our classrooms. 1.What is the students’ aim? A. To express their discomfort. B. To enjoy smoking. C. To forbid smoking in classrooms. D. To suffer from smoking. 2.The writer of the article is likely to be ______. A. a medical doctor B. a government official C. a university student D. a smoker 3.According to the passage, people who don’t smoke ______ when taking in the air polluted by tobacco smoke. A. suffer less than smokers B. suffer more than smokers C. suffer as much as the smokers D. don’t suffer at all from tobacco smoke 4.The writer thinks it important for smokers to ______. A. show concern for others B. forbid others to smoke C. show concern for their own health D. know the effect of smoking on their health 5.The text suggests that ______. A. many students have joined in smokers. B. many students have stopped smoking C. most students are smoking in classrooms D. many students have been smoking in classrooms. Passage 4 If you want to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours. The 643-kilometer line is China’s first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary (分界线) between China’s north and south. With a speed of 250 kilometers per hour, it’s also the first mountain-heavy train line to provide a 4G network. Along the way, the train passes through two areas for rare (稀有) wild animals—one for pandas and the other for crested ibises (朱鹮). To reduce the railway’s influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly, China Daily reported. In September, there were 345 wild pandas living in the Qinling Mountains. China now has 1,864 wild pandas in total, according to the Xinhua News Agency. To avoid disturbing the pandas, the railway was designed to run through tunnels (隧道) within the area. Protective shields (防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in. To avoid hurting the thousands of crested ibises that fly near one part of the railway, protective nets have been set up along the tracks to make sure the birds will not fly into a train. The nets are about 32 kilometers long and 4 meters high. Experts tested different shapes and materials for building the nets before making their final choice. (A report in December, 2017) 1.From this month, it will take ______ to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by the high-speed train. A. 16 hours B. 13 hours C. 6 hours D. 3 hours 2.Which of the following is TRUE about the new Xi’an-Chengdu railway? A. It is China’s first high-speed railway. B. It runs through the Qinling Mountains. C. It is the first mountain-heavy train line. D. It is the first train line with a 4G network. 3.Why was the railway designed and built to be environmentally friendly? A. To save money and energy. B. To avoid harming wild animals. C. To avoid damaging the mountains. D. To help the train run through tunnels quietly. 4.What are experts using to stop animals from going into the tunnels? A. Entrances. B. Tracks. C. Protective shields. D. Protective nets. 5.This news about the new railway is reported by ______. A. China Daily B. the Xinhua News Agency C. the 4G network D. CCTV 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$