内容正文:
六年级小升初语法知识点复习巩固
1、 英语的时态
过去 现在 将来
be + 动词ing
现在进行时态
时间轴
一般将来时态
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
① be动词(am,is,are)
② 实义动词原形
(遇到三单动词加s/es)
① be动词(was,were)
② 实义动词过去式
(规则变化加ed,不规则的单独记)
① be going to + 动词原型/地点
② will + 动词原型
· 一般现在时
一般现在时:经常发生的动作或状态。(常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week/year, on Sundays连用。)
1. be 动词的一般现在时:am, is, are
I am, We/You/They are, He/She/It is
There is+单数名词或不可数名词, There are + 复数名词
【否定形式】在be动词后面加not: I am not... She isn't... You aren’t...
例句: This is Ms Smart .She is a nice teacher.
2. 行为动词的一般现在时用动词原形 ,遇到第三人称单数时,动词要加s或者es,例如:助动词变化do- does
【否定形式】在do或does后面加not: I don't... She doesn't...
例句: (1) He plays football on Saturdays.
(2) Does Lingling like oranges?
· 一般过去时
一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态。 (常与then, ago, yesterday, last week/year/month, once upon a time, in 2016, the day before yesterday等连用)
1. be 动词的一般过去时:was(原型:is, am), were (原型:are)
I/He/She/It was... We/You/They were...
There was 数名词或不可数名词, There were + 复数名词
【否定形式】在be动词后面加not: I wasn’t... You weren’t...
例句:I was two then. They were young.
行为动词的一般过去时:(助动词用 did 【否定形式】在后面加not,变成didn't)
①一般动词的过去式变化加“ed”:
构成法:
(1)动词原形+ed. 如:look -- looked, happen -- happened
(2)以 e 结尾的词+d. 如:phone -- phoned, live -- lived, dance -- danced
(3)以辅音字母+y 结尾的词,改 y 为 i, 再加 ed. 如:carry--carried
(4)以重读闭音节或 r 音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写这个辅音字母,再加 ed.
如 : travel--travelled, clap--clapped, stop-- stopped, prefer-- preferred
②不规则动词变化:
go(去)—went
do(做)—did
see(看见)—saw
take(拍摄)—took
have(度过;吃)—had
make(制作、做)— made
buy(买)— bought
sing(唱)—sang
drink(喝)—drank
eat(吃)—ate
tell(告诉)—told
find(发现)—found
fall(掉下. 摔倒)—fell
come(来)—came
get(得到. 抓住)—got
例句: We bought a watermelon.
I bumped my head.
Did he live in New York? Yes, he did. /No, he didn’t.
· 一般将来时
一般将来时:表示还没有发生但将要发生的事情或动作。(常与tomorrow, next year/month/week, soon, in the future, the day after tomorrow 连用)
1. be going to+动词原形:多表示即将发生,最近打算、计划、安排好要做的事情,主观性较强 。(根据人称,be 动词要变化 am, is, are)
【否定形式】在be动词后面加not: I am not going to... You are not going to... She is not going to...
例句: We’re going to visit Hainan.
Are you going to run on sports day? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
2. will+ 动词原形:多表示即将发生的动作或状态,不受主观因素影响的单纯的将来,客观性较强 。(不区分人称,都用will)
【否定形式】在will动词后面加not: won't
例句: Robots will do everything.
Will you take your kite? Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
· 现在进行时
现在进行时:表示正在进行或发生的动作。(常与 now, at present, at this moment 连用)
be +动词ing (be动词需区分人称,注意动词的ing形式特殊情况)
【否定形式】在be动词后面加not: I am not working.You are not working. She is not working.
【动词的加ing的构成法】
(1)一般规则:动词 +ing, 如 : work --working.
(2)以e结尾的动词去掉e加ing. 如 : live -- living, have-- having.
(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,双写这个辅音字母,再加ing,如: swim-- swimming, clap--clapping, run--running, refer-- referring.
(4)以ie结尾的重读开音节的词,改ie为y, 再加ing 如: die--dying.
例句: She’s reading a book.
What are you doing?
What’s the elephant doing?
2、 重点语法
1. 一般疑问句 【肯定句变一般疑问句口诀:一提二变三问号】
一提:提前。(把动词提到最前面,动词一般跟在主语后面)
有币提币 (be动词:am, is, are, was, were)
有情提情 (情态动词: can, will)
无情无币 (找助动词 do, does, did)
二变:字母大小写、人称转换、动词变原型、some变any。
三问号:句号变问号
例句:There was a building here last year. —— Was there a building here last year? (有币提币)
I will look after my sister this Sunday. —— Will you look after your sister this Sunday ? (有情提情)
Tom did his homework last night. —— Did Tom do his homework last night ? ( 无情无币,加助动词did)
2. 特殊疑问词
常见词语:
where:哪里(状语)
what :什么
when:问时间 (回答用At/ On...等)
which:哪一个,哪个
who :谁 ( 回答用He is...She is... They are...等)
whom: 谁(宾格)
whose:谁的 (回答用It is.. These/Those are等)
why: 为什么 (回答用Because,问原因)
How:怎么样(回答用形容词,问程度、方式等)
记法:特殊疑问词的开头一般是wh或h。
其他常见短语:
what time:问时间点
what color:什么颜色(表语)
what weather:什么天气
How fast:多快(速度)
How many:多少数量
How much:多少钱价格
How long:多长(可用于时间,问做多长时间)
How often:多少次 (问频率)(频率副词)
How far:多远路程
How old:多少岁
特殊疑问句构成:
1. 如果疑问词是对主语或者主语的定语提问,构成为:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他
例句:Who will do homework?
2. 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句结构
例句:What will robots do?
【口诀:一定二变三丢】
一:定,根据划线部分确定疑问词
二:变,把剩余部分变成一般疑问句
三:丢,把划线部分丢掉
例句:They bought a new bike yesterday.—— What did they buy yesterday?
I get up at six. —— When do you get up?
I am from Guizhou. —— Where are you from?
My bag is red. —— What colour is your bag?
Amy likes apples. —— What does Amy like?
3. 祈使句
祈使句:表示请求、命令、建议、禁止等的句子。
祈使句不需要主语,谓语动词用原形,句子末尾一般用感叹号。
【祈使句肯定句结构】
(1)动词原形 (+其他) ! 例句:Open the door! Stop!
(2)Be +形容词! 例句: Be quiet, please!
(3)Let's + 动词原形 (+其他)! 例句:Let's go to school!
【祈使句否定形式】
(1)Don't + 动词原形 (+其他)! 例句:Don't walk on the grass!
(2)Let's not + 动词原形 (+其他)! 例句:Let's not feed the fish!
4. 情态动词can的使用
“can”为情态动词,意为“. 能;能够;有机会;可能;被允许”,情态动词 can 后跟动词原形。
【句型结构】主语+can+动词原形+其他
例句: Tom can run very fast. She can’t speak English very well.
What can you do? I can sing.
Can you swim? Yes, I can./ No, I can’t.
5. have got/ has got句型使用
have got表示“拥有;患(疾病)”。 例: I've got a new hat. I’ve got a stomach ache.
· 当主语是第三人称单数he/she/it时用, have got变为has got。 例:She’s got a headache.
· 缩写形式:I have got = I’ve got She has got= She’s got
· 否定句:在have / has 后面加not, I haven’t got... She hasn’t got...
· 一般疑问句:将have/ has 提前
例子:Have you got any books? Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.
Has she has got a headache? Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.
6. 人称代词
7. 名词单复数变化
(1) 一般情况下加 -s
在绝大多数情况下,我们只需在名词后面加上 -s 就可以得到复数形式,比如:book → books,desk → desks
(2) 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es
当名词以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾时,需要加上 -es: box → boxes bus → buses
注意:stomach→stomachs
(3)以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -es
对于以辅音字母结尾的名词,将 y 变为 i,并加上 -es: city → cities country → countries
但是,如果是以元音 + y 结尾,直接加 -s: day → days boy → boys
(4)以 f 或 fe 结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 -es knife → knives(刀) half → halves(一半)
类似的词有thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf
注意:有一些例外,如 roof → roofs(屋顶)。
(5)以 o 结尾
对于辅音字母 + o 结尾的名词,加 -es,如 tomato → tomatoes(西红柿)
对于元音字母 + o 结尾的名词,加 -s,如 piano → pianos(钢琴)
注意:有一些特殊情况,如 zero 可以变为 zeros 或 zeroes(零)。
(6) 复数不规则变化
man → men(男人)
woman → women(妇女)
tooth → teeth(牙齿)
foot→feet(脚)
mouse→mice(老鼠)
child → children(小孩)
fish → fish(鱼)
sheep → sheep(绵羊)
people → people(人,人们)
police → police(公安,警察)
trousers(裤子)
shorts(短裤)
jeans(牛仔裤)
noodles(面条)
Sweets (糖果)
Clothes(衣服)
(7)不可数名词
不可数名词: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
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