22 UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction Period 1 单元词汇表

Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1 Period 1　 单元词汇表 1．destroy vt．破坏；毁掉 2．switch vi．& vt．转换，改变 3．hunt vi．& vt．猎取，猎杀 4．mass adj．大量的 5．varied adj．各种各样的，形形色色的 6．decrease n．减少；减少的量vi．& vt．减少 7．blame vt．责怪，指责 8．affect vt．影响 9．restore vt．(使)恢复 10．plastic adj．塑料制的 11．mining n．采矿业 12．item n．一项，一条 13．species n．物种，种 14．wipe vt．擦；拭 15．solar adj．太阳光(能)的 16．hatch vi．& vt．(使)孵化 1．No one was injured in the explosion，but the building was destroyed (destroy) completely． 2．Do you remember switching (switch) the lights off before we came out? 3．Hunting (hunt) was one of Italy's most popular sports，according to the survey carried out last year． 4．It is reported that fatal road accidents have decreased (decrease) in frequency over recent years． 5．An ice storm in the Northeast is to blame (blame) for many of those problems． 6．A child's behaviour can be affected (affect) by his unhappy home environment． 7．The measures are intended to restore (restore) public confidence in the economy． 8．The hen must find a warm place to hatch (hatch) her eggs． 1．conserve v．保存；保护；保藏→conservation n．保护→conservative adj．保守的；守旧的 2．recycle vi．& vt．再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj．可回收利用的→unrecyclable adj．不可回收的 3．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→threaten v．威胁；恐吓；危及→threatening adj．威胁的 1．He was interested in wildlife conservation and he proposed the local government should introduce some tough new laws to conserve wildlife in the area．(conserve) 2．Recyclable materials must be recycled in order to protect our environment．(recycle) 3．The situation could worsen if storms move north and threaten (threat) winter grain supplies． 4．inform vt．通知；告知→information n．信息→informative adj．有教育意义的；知识性强的 5．legal adj．合法的→legally adv．合法地→illegally adv．非法地，违法地 6．extinct adj．灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝；绝种；消亡 7．incredible adj．极好的；难以置信的→incredibly adv．非常地，极端地 8．urge v．催促；敦促；力劝；强烈要求→urgent adj．紧急的，急迫的→urgency n．紧迫；急迫；紧急的事 9．usual adj．经常的，通常的；寻常的，惯常的→unusual adj．异常的；不平常的 10．vary v．变化；不同→varied adj．各种各样的，形形色色的→variety n．变化；品种；种类；多样化 11．endanger vt．危及，使遭受危险→endangered adj．濒危的 4．We do not have any more information (inform) at the present time． 5．Suppose you satisfy your desire illegally (legally)，don't you think that you will be punished for that？ 6．An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction (extinct)． 7．He lives a very simple life for a person who has become incredibly (incredible) rich． 8．I am afraid you have not realised the urgency (urgent) of the matter． 9．He leads a full and varied life and he often goes to the club nearby，which provides a wide variety of activities including tennis，swimming and basketball．(vary) 10．It won't have escaped your notice that I've been unusually (unusual) busy in the past week． 11．Look out! There are some dangerous animals in the area，including North Atlantic right whale，which is an endangered (endanger) species． 1．have a role 起某种作用 2．do one's part 尽自己的职责 3．wipe out 彻底毁灭 4．be to blame (对某事)负有责任 5．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 6．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 7．take action 采取行动 8．in short 简而言之 1．If we don't solve the problem of global warming，our next generation will be at risk． 2．Every one of us has a role in protecting the environment． 3．The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population． 4．Alone in his room，he asked himself whether he was to blame for the accident． 5．There are new uses of words coming in and old uses dying out． 由新知联想已知 1．conservation n．保护 [联想]　①protection n．保护 ②defence n．保护；防卫 2．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 [联想]　①disappear v．消失；不见；灭绝 ②die from 死于；因……而死 ③die of 因……死；死于 3．decrease n．减少；减少的量vi．& vt．减少 [联想]　①reduce vt．减少 ②fall vi．减少 ③cut down减少 4．endangered adj．濒危的 [联想]　①dangerous adj．危险的 ②in danger 处于危险之中 第一篇课文 ①entire species整个物种 ②wipe out彻底毁灭 ③unusual adj．异常的；不平常的 ④in fact事实上 ⑤the third mass extinction第三次生物大灭绝 ⑥known as以……而著称 ⑦varied adj．各种各样的，形形色色的 ⑧according to根据 ⑨volcanic eruptions火山喷发 ⑩asteroid n．小行星 ⑪the decrease of the oxygen content含氧量下降 ⑫global warming全球变暖 ⑬human activity人类活动 ⑭be to blame (对某事)负有责任 ⑮die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 ⑯cause for concern令人担心的原因 ⑰due to natural causes由于自然原因 ⑱that is即 ⑲a long list of reasons很多原因 ⑳factory farming工业化种植 ㉑overfishing n．过度捕捞 ㉒negatively affect all other species对所有其他物种都有负面影响 ㉓study the issue研究这个问题 ㉔up to three quarters of多达四分之三的…… ㉕depend on依靠 ㉖be at risk of处于……的危险或威胁中 ㉗the balance in nature自然平衡 ㉘have no air to breathe没有可以呼吸的空气 ㉙be unable to survive无法生存 ㉚take action采取行动 ㉛take steps to do．．．采取措施做…… ㉜save endangered species拯救濒危物种 ㉝set up special areas建立特别保护区 ㉞natural sources of energy天然能源 ㉟solar energy太阳能 ㊱in short简而言之 ㊲stop destroying the planet停止破坏星球 ㊳only five black robins left只剩下5只黑知更鸟 ㊴off the coast of New Zealand离新西兰海岸不远 ㊵lay eggs下蛋 ㊶wildlife workers野生动物工作者 ㊷begin a programme for开始……的计划 ㊸hatch vi．& vt．(使)孵化 ㊹take care of the chicks照顾雏鸟 ㊺thanks to their efforts由于他们的努力 ㊻restore their habitats恢复它们的栖息地 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION Extinctions，where entire species① are wiped out②(1)，are not unusual③ in our Earth's history．In fact④，over 90 percent of all species that ever lived(2) are now extinct．In the last 500 million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended(3)．These include the third mass extinction⑤，known as⑥ the “Great Dying”，which killed 90% to 96% of all species(4)．And the fifth event，which occurred 66 million years ago(5)，caused the death of the dinosaurs．The reasons for extinctions are varied⑦．According to⑧ scientists，they include volcanic eruptions⑨，asteroids⑩ hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen content⑪of the sea and global warming⑫．Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction(6)．This time，human activity⑬ will be to blame⑭． (1)where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Extinctions。 (2)that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词species。 (3)when引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词five times。 (4)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the third mass extinction。 (5)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the fifth event。 (6)该句为省略that的宾语从句。 Although it is not unusual for species to die out⑮naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern⑯．(7) A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US，looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes⑰，that is⑱，the “background extinction rate”．(8) They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal(9)．There is a long list of reasons⑲why so many species are dying out(10)：air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory farming⑳and overfishing㉑．It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species㉒on Earth，including animals and plants．(11) (7)句中Although引导让步状语从句；at which．．．happening为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the rate。 (8)句中who．．．the US为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词scientists；how．．．natural causes为宾语从句。 (9)that引导宾语从句。 (10)why引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons。 (11)It为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。 If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scientists who have studied the issue㉓believe that up to three quarters of㉔all species on Earth could die out．(12) Of course，as we humans depend on㉕so many species for our survival(13)，we would also be at risk of㉖dying out．Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature㉗between animals and plants．Without forests，we would have no air to breathe㉘，and without clean water we would be unable to survive㉙． (12)句中If引导条件状语从句；who．．．the issue为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词scientists；that．．．die out为宾语从句。 (13)as引导原因状语从句。 Can a sixth extinction be avoided？Experts say that it is not yet too late，if we take action㉚now．(14)This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live(15)．For example，we need to take steps to㉛save endangered species㉜，including setting up special areas㉝where plants and animals can be protected(16)．We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner，more natural sources of energy㉞，such as wind and solar energy㉟(17)．We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution．In short㊱，if we want to survive，we need to stop destroying the planet㊲that we live on and start to protect it．(18) (14)句中that引导宾语从句；if we take action now为条件状语从句。 (15)该句为省略that的宾语从句，其中we live为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 (16)where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词special areas。 (17)how引导宾语从句。 (18)句中if引导条件状语从句；that we live on为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the planet。 The Black Robin Black robins are the birds that humans saved from extinction(19)．In 1980，there were only five black robins left㊳in the world．They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand㊴．Only one of those birds，a female called Old Blue，was able to lay eggs㊵．Wildlife workers㊶began a programme for㊷raising black robin chicks．They protected Old Blue's eggs，helped them to hatch㊸，and took care of the chicks㊹．Thanks to their efforts㊺，there are now more than 250 black robins，and the population is spreading．To help them survive，people are restoring their habitats㊻and removing small animals that hunt them，such as mice and cats from the islands where they live．(20) (19)that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the birds。 (20)句中that hunt them为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词small animals；where they live也是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the islands。 第六次生物大灭绝 物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，曾经存在过的物种超过90%现在都已经灭绝。在过去的5亿年里，地球上的生命有5次几乎灭绝。其中包括第三次生物大灭绝，即所谓的“大灭绝”，导致90%到96%的物种灭绝。发生在6 600万年前的第五次灭绝事件导致了恐龙的灭亡。灭绝的原因多种多样。科学家们认为，造成物种灭绝的原因包括火山喷发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面高度改变、海水中含氧量下降和全球变暖等。许多科学家说，我们现在正在进入地球的第六次大灭绝。这一次，人类活动将是罪魁祸首。 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家们于2015年进行了一项研究，考察了自然原因导致物种灭绝的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现，人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度是正常情况下的1 000倍。造成如此多的物种灭绝的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被破坏、工业化种植和过度捕捞。很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 研究这个问题的科学家们认为，如果第六次大灭绝发生，地球上多达四分之三的物种可能就会灭绝。当然，由于我们人类依靠如此多的物种生存，我们也将面临灭绝的风险。我们的世界和我们的生活依赖于动物和植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就没有可以呼吸的空气，没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。 第六次物种灭绝可以避免吗？专家们说，如果我们现在就采取行动，还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须显著地改变我们的生活方式。例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种，包括建立特别保护区，在这里动植物可以得到保护。我们需要通过使用更清洁、更天然的能源来改变工作和旅行的方式，如风能和太阳能。我们还需要改进我们的耕作方法，以减少对水、空气和土地的污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，我们需要停止破坏我们赖以生存的星球，并开始保护它。 黑知更鸟 黑知更鸟是人类从灭绝中拯救出来的鸟类。1980年，世界上只剩下5只黑知更鸟。它们都生活在离新西兰海岸不远的一个小岛上。其中只有一只名叫老布鲁的雌鸟能下蛋。野生动物工作者开始了饲养黑知更鸟雏鸟的计划。他们保护老布鲁的蛋，帮助它们孵化并照顾雏鸟。由于他们的努力，现在有了250多只黑知更鸟，而且数量还在增加。为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复它们的栖息地，并将捕食它们的小动物，如老鼠和猫，从它们生活的岛屿上赶走。 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$