专题02 名词（课件）- 高中英语重点语法思维导图

高考英语 重点语法思维导图 专题二 名词 1 01 名词的数 1. 一般在词尾加s。 2. 以s, x, ch, sh, o（少数）结尾的词加es； 多数以o结尾的词直接加s。 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词改y为i，再加es。 4. 以f或fe结尾的词一般将f或fe改为v，再加es； 少数以f结尾的词直接加s； 而个别以f结尾的词既可改f为v，再加es，也可直接加s。 map→maps, sea→seas， girl→girls, day→days class→classes, box→boxes，watch→watches, dish→dishes，hero→heroes， potato→potatoes， tomato→tomatoes kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios, photo → photos, zoo → zoos city → cities, story → stories knife → knives, leaf → leaves belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, proof → proofs, chief → chiefs handkerchief → handkerchiefs/handkerchieves，scarf → scarfs/scarves 特殊情况 01 名词的数 （1）单复数同形，如：Chinese → Chinese, sheep → sheep等。 （2）不规则变化，如：man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen等。 （3）合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如daughter- in-law → daughters-in-law, passer-by → passers-by等；如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数，如grown-up → grown-ups, go-between（中间人） → go-betweens等；由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个构成部分都要变为复数，如woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers等。 02 名词所有格 1.一般在词尾加's。 2.以s结尾的词直接加'。 3.并列名词表示各自所属时，在名词后都加's。 表示共同所属时，在最后一个名词后加's。 4.在表示店铺、餐馆、诊所的名称或某人的家时，其所有格后面的名词可省略。 5.表示无生命物体的名词所有格常用“of+名词”的形式。 6.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、 城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加's来表示所属 关系，意为“……的” John's and Mary's rooms（各自的） John and Mary's room（共同的） at the doctor's在诊所，at my sister's在我姐姐（妹妹）的家 the boy's bag, men's rooms the workers' struggle, the students' reading room a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country a twenty minutes' walk, a ten miles' journey 双重所有格 ① 名词+of+名词所有格，如：a friend of my father's, works of Lu Xun's等。 ② 名词+of+名词性物主代词，如：a friend of mine等。 ① 表示部分概念常用数词或some, any, no, many等修饰。例如：some/two friends of mine等。 ② 表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩常用修饰。例如： This little cat of your sister's is really cute. That dog of hers is always making trouble. 02 名词所有格 03 名词作定语 1.名词作定语时一般用单数，表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。 2.有些情况下，也可用复数作定语。 3.“基数词+连字符+名词”作定语时，名词一般用单数形式。 a goods train货运列车， two men doctors两个男医生， a clothes shop服装店， a sales manager销售经理 a five-year plan一个五年计划， a ten-mile walk一段十英里的路程 stone figures石像， paper money纸币， evening dress晚礼服 “动词+名词”&“介词+名词” Can you think of any other phrases? make preparations for, make friends with, make （both） ends meet， make contributions to, fix one's eyes upon/on， in （great） demand， in high spirits， in agreement with， pay attention to， keep pace with， attach importance to， take advantage of， make a/no/some difference 03 固定搭配 1.【2025年新高考一卷】You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘56_____________ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 2.【2025年全国二卷】The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 43____________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 44____________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 04 高考真题 guidance absence afternoons 3.【2024 年全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9_______________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. 4.【2024 年全国乙卷】…and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2______________ (develop)of the local areas. 04 高考真题 watchtowers development 5.【2024 年新课标Ⅰ卷】These plants included modern Western____62____(favourite)such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 6.【2024 年新课标Ⅱ卷】Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common___37___(theme)in their works. 7.【2024 年北京卷】To practice this, we need to establish clear___14___(boundary)in our personal and professional life. 04 高考真题 favorites themes boundaries 8.【2023 年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 49______________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 9.【2023 年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast - paced development of modern life, with 21st - century architectural 44____________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 04 高考真题 warning wonders 1.【2025·浙江 Z20 名校联盟高三第一次联考】The two companies have been partners for over the past seven years, and it is sufficient time to make __________ (conclusion) on the profitability and the overall feasibility(可行性)of such policies. 2.【2025·湖北省腾云联盟联考】The railway has maintained a positive trend of increasing volume and __________ (efficient), as well as thriving passenger and freight businesses. 05 最新试题 conclusions efficiency 3.【2025·安徽省安庆市第一中学模拟】In Chinese culture, Loong are seen as symbols of power, __________ (excellent), and good luck. 4.【2025·江苏省徐州市第七中学高三月考】Hui ink sticks are produced in Huizhou, Anhui province. They are made from the ash of burnt green pine from Mount Huangshan and then mixed with glue. The mix is put in nanmu wood moulds(模具)and carved with scenes of pavilions(亭子), hills, __________ (plant) etc. 05 最新试题 excellence plants 5.【2025·江苏省海安高级中学高三月考】The __________ (associate) with Yu the Great, a respected figure in Chinese history for his work in controlling the Yellow River floods, gives Nian Gao additional historical importance. 6.【2025·河南省部分学校高三大联考】Moutai is a strong, clear spirit drink, a brand of Baijiu that’s distilled(蒸馏)from fermented sorghum(发酵的高粱), wheat, and water from the Chishui River. Its unique flavor has survived __________ (century) of change in China, from the Qing Dynasty to the 21st century. 05 最新试题 association centuries 谢谢观看 $$