内容正文:
高考英语作文
过渡衔接词和例句
一、表时间的先后顺序
(expressions of time references)
1)首先:first,at first,firstly,in the first place,in the first instance, to begin with;
2)其次:secondly,in the second place,the next moment, then,later,after that, afterwards, just then,shortly after that,immediately after that,before long,soon,
3)最后:last but not least,at last, finally, last, lastly, most importantly,consequently,eventually,ultimately,from then on,from now on
4)同时:与此同时at the same time,in the meantime,meanwhile
5)还有,nowadays, at present, in the future,for the time being,in the days to come,in the coming week/month,according to, so far, for the first time, ever since, while等。
【例句】
1.First, you mail in an application. Second, you ask for an appointment. Third, you send them three personal references. 首先,你需要邮寄一份申请表。其次,申请预约。最后,向他们提供三份个人推荐信。
2.Then you come to a traffic light and turn right. 之后你会看到一个红绿灯,然后右转即可。
3.After that I went to No.8 Middle School of Zhengzhou and graduated this summer. 在那之后,我就读于郑州第八中学,并于今年夏天毕业。
4.Firstly, the technology of ...secondly, people’s income has...Thirdly, mobile phones are.... 首先,……的技术;其次,人们的收入已经……;最后,手机……
5.The average family income in our City increased from 8,000 yuan per year in 1998 to 20,000 yuan in 2008. 我市普通家庭年收入从1998年的8000元增长到了2008年的20000元。
6.In the meantime, the structure of the average family expenses has changed, too. These graphs show the change clearly. 与此同时,普通家庭的支出结构也发生了变化。这些图表清晰地展示了这一变化。
7.Recently, we have made a survey of the people on physical training. Only 35 percent of the people surveyed have taken part in physical activities. 最近,我们针对民众体育锻炼情况开展了一项调查。在接受调查的人群中,仅有35%参与过体育活动。
二、表并列递进关系
(addition expressions)
1)(副词)也;而且,还 also,too,besides, equally
2)(并列连接词)而且and
3)此外in addition to,apart from
4)此外furthermore,what's more
5)不仅……而且……not only…but also…
6)既……又……,也both…and…,as well as
【例句】
1.Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life. 计算机不仅在科技领域发挥着重要作用,在我们的日常生活中也具有信息传递的作用。(注:“play an informative role” 此处译为“具有信息传递的作用”,贴合日常语境中计算机传递信息的功能)
2.He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French. 他既会说英语,也会说法语。= 他会说英语,也会说法语。= 他不仅会说英语,还会说法语。(注:三句表达虽结构不同,但核心语义一致,均强调“两种语言都会说”,翻译时保持语义统一)
3.The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still, it is in a bad location. 这套房子对于一个四口之家来说太小了,而且/此外/更重要的是/再者/另外/更糟糕的是,它的位置也不好。(注:“furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover/in addition” 均表递进,可译为“而且/此外”等;“worse still” 表递进且含负面情绪,译为“更糟糕的是”)
4.I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. 过去我甚至周末都得工作,既要做没完没了的作业,还得去上课。(注:“doing endless homework and attending classes as well” 用“既要……还得……”的句式,体现并列的动作,符合中文表达习惯)
5.Another equally important aspect is... 另一个同样重要的方面是……
6.A is but one of the many effects. Another is... A只是众多影响中的一个。另一个影响是……(注:补充“影响”一词,使“Another is...” 的指代更清晰,避免语义模糊)
7.Besides, other reasons are... 此外,其他原因包括……
8.E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication. 电子邮件和电话一样,在日常沟通中发挥着重要作用。(注:“as well as telephones” 表“和……一样”,翻译时调整语序,将“和电话一样”置于主语“电子邮件”之后,更符合中文表达逻辑)
9.In addition, the tour stops in Vancouver. 此外,这次旅行还会在温哥华停留。
10.Furthermore, the time for registration has been extended. 再者,报名时间已经延长了。
三、表转折或比较关系
(expressions of contrast or comparison)
1)(并列连接词)但是but
2)(副词)然而(and)yet,while,whereas
3)(副词)然而nevertheless,however
4)(从属连接词)尽管,虽然though,although
5)相反,正相反,恰恰相反 to the contrary, on the contrary/contrary to ..., quite the contrary
6)与……形成对比,与……截然不同in contrast with/to
7)相反(but)rather
8)反而,代替,而不是instead,instead of
9)毕竟after all,for one thing ...for another, except for, in spite of, otherwise
10)同样地equally,likewise,similarly
【例句】
1.I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures. 我知道互联网只能在家或办公室使用,但另一方面,它因其丰富的信息以及清晰生动的图片,正变得越来越受欢迎。(注:“for much information...” 表原因,翻译时用“因其”衔接,明确逻辑关系,使句子更通顺)
2.It is hard work; I enjoy it though. 这工作很辛苦,不过我喜欢。(注:“though” 置于句末表转折,译为“不过”,简洁贴合口语化语境)
3.Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.与我最初的想法相反,这次旅行结果很有趣。
4.Yet there was still a chance that he would win. 不过,他仍有获胜的机会。(注:“Yet” 表轻微转折,译为“不过”,比“但是”语气更缓和,符合原句语境)
5.Except for one girl, all the hikers returned. 除了一个女孩外,所有徒步旅行者都回来了。
6.In the same way, we look for a good doctor. 同样地,我们也会寻找一位好医生。(注:“In the same way” 表方式上的类比,译为“同样地”,明确前后句的逻辑关联)
7.Similarly, the Thais enjoy spicy foods. 同样,泰国人也喜欢吃辛辣食物。
8.In contrast, the red fluid does not lose its color. 相反,这种红色液体不会褪色。
9.The husband wanted a boy, while the wife wanted a girl. 丈夫想要个男孩,而妻子想要个女孩。(注:“while” 表对比,译为“而”,清晰体现夫妻双方需求的差异)
四、表例证关系
(exemplification expressions)
1)也就是说namely,that is,that is to say
2)例如for example,for instance
3)举例来说to illustrate
4)例如such as,as a matter of fact, take...as an example, like, as follows, in other words, and so on
【例句】
1.There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education. 1.还有一个话题要讨论,即/也就是说,教育问题。(注:“namely/that is (to say)” 均为引出具体内容的连接词,译为“即/也就是说”,清晰衔接前文提到的“话题”与后文具体的“教育问题”)
2.A particular example for this is... 关于这一点,一个具体的例子是……(注:补充“关于这一点”,使“this”的指代更明确,符合中文表达中需点明前文语境的习惯)
3.For instance, a telegram often costs more than a telephone call. 例如,发一封电报的费用通常比打一个电话高。
4.Thus the trip finally began. 就这样,这次旅行终于开始了。(注:“Thus” 表因果或承接前文的结果,译为“就这样”,既体现逻辑关系,又使句子语气更自然)
五、表因果关系
(cause and effect expressions)
1)(后接表原因的从句)因为because
2)(后接表原因的并列分句)因为for
3)因为……because of…,owing to…,on account of…,thanks to, as a result of..., with the help of...
4)因为这个那个,这些那些原因for this/that/these/those reason(s)
5)(从句1)为了……in order that
6)(副词)因此,所以thus,hence,therefore
7)那么 then
8)结果(是)as a result;so that(后接表结果的从句)
【例句】
1.The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales. 这家公司今年业绩不错,这主要归功于出口销售额的增长。(注:“thanks mainly to” 表主要原因,译为“主要归功于”,明确“出口销售额增长”是“公司业绩好”的核心因素,符合中文因果逻辑表达习惯)
2.As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations. 因此,我们中的很多人都成功通过了高考。(注:“As a result” 表前文原因导致的结果,译为“因此”,清晰衔接因果关系,“College Entrance Examinations” 为固定搭配,译为“高考”,符合国内通用表述)
六、表强调
(expressions stressing facts or adding force)
1)显而易见 obviously,apparently, clearly,certainly
2)肯定地,当然 surely,to be sure,of course
3)事实上,实际上,真正地actually,as a matter of fact,indeed, especially, at least, at the most
4)自然地naturally
5)毫无疑问no doubt,undoubtedly
【例句】
1.As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life. 事实上,广告在我们的日常生活中具有信息传递的作用。(注:“As a matter of fact” 表强调事实,译为“事实上”;“play an informative role” 结合语境译为“具有信息传递的作用”,贴合广告的实际功能)
2.Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. 噪音很让人讨厌,尤其是当你正想睡觉时。(注:“especially” 表强调特定情况,译为“尤其是”,精准突出“想睡觉”时噪音更令人不适的场景)
3.Indeed, a dessert is always enjoyable. 确实,甜点总是很受欢迎。(注:“Indeed” 表肯定、强调,译为“确实”)
4.Above all, do not build an open fire in a forest. 注:(“Above all” 表强调优先级,译为“最重要的是”,明确“不在森林生明火”是需优先遵守的规则,符合安全提示的语境)
七、表总结
(summary expressions)
1)简而言之all in all,in brief,in short,In summary, briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking,
2)总的说来,总之in conclusion,to sum up, to conclude, to summarize,on the whole
3)总之,一句话in a word,in one word
4)长话短说,简而言之to make/cut a long story short
5)最后(要讲的是)finally,ultimately
6)从根本上来讲 essentially,as you know, as is known to all, as/so far as I know
【例句】
1.Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters. 总的来说,发电子邮件比寄信更方便。(注:“Generally speaking” 为常用总结性短语,译为“总的来说”,符合中文表达中引出普遍情况的习惯)
2.In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted. 总之,必须采取措施防止环境受到污染。(注:“In short” 表概括总结,译为“总之”;“prevent the environment being polluted” 为被动结构,译为“防止环境受到污染”,符合中文主动表达的逻辑)
3.As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.据我所知,每个人都对这个新的安排感到满意。(注:“As far as I know” 表基于自身了解的表述,译为“据我所知”;“happy about this new arrangement of things” 简化为“对这个新的安排感到满意”,更简洁自然)
八、表示转移话题
1)by the way顺便说一下;顺便问一下(用于在交谈中临时提及无关但相关的话题)
2)I am afraid恐怕;担心(用于委婉表达否定、歉意或不好的情况)
3)in my opinion在我看来;依我之见(用于明确表达个人观点)
4)to tell the truth说实话;老实说(用于强调所说内容是真实的,常带有坦诚的语气)
5)to be honest老实说;坦白讲(与“to tell the truth”用法相近,用于坦诚表达想法)
6)In fact事实上;实际上(用于强调实际情况,常用来纠正或补充前文内容)
【例句】
1.I think the TV show last night was interesting. By the way, when did you go to bed last night? 我觉得昨晚的电视节目很有意思。对了,你昨晚几点睡的?(注:“By the way” 表话题转换,译为“对了”,贴合日常聊天中自然切换话题的语气)
2.I know you have some trouble now. I can’t help you, I’m afraid. 我知道你现在遇到些麻烦,不过恐怕我帮不上你。
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$