Unit1 SectionA 2d&Grammar focus～4c课件 2025-2026学年人教版（2012）九年级英语全册

大家好，介词by的用法非常多，在初中阶段就有十种用法是我们需要弄清楚的。今天我们来做一个归纳和总结。第一种用于被由，特别用在被动语态当中，表示被谁，由于什么，被什么。SHE was hit by a truck, 他是被卡车给撞到了by a truck。这个介词短语被什么heat是过去分词。heat. The window was broken by my brother. 是被我弟弟给打破的。What's broken也是被动结构，be动词过去分词，break, broke, broken. 再看第二种用法，表示时间在什么什么之前不迟于IT needs to be ready by next friday，下周五之前，这个需要准备好表示时间。By the time we got home, we were tired and hungry. 等到我们到家的时候，我们又累又饿的。注意这个词组by the time往往联系在一起，用到什么什么为止。当什么什么的时候到什么什么的时候，by the time等到我们到家的这个时候。第三种用法是通过使用，you can booked the table by phone, 可以用电话来预定位置。Book做动词是预定book the table。They traveled to chicago by train, 是通过是以什么方式？是搭货车旅行到芝加哥去旅行的。Travel to chicago这个by train表示一些交通方式，是大家最熟悉的，bike、by bus、by air等等。你像by car、by taxi、by air, 乘飞机还是乘船？By sea通过陆地去还是公路去？By land是by road，by rail就是搭火车去了。By rail铁路by train还可以说是通过做某件事情，by doing something, SHE earns her living by some insurance, earns one's living, 意思是谋生的意思。它还可以换成make SHE makes her living也是谋生。通过doing something selling，通过卖insurance，卖保险insurance，通过做某件事情，通过使用什么？这是第三种用法。第四种用法则是指靠近在旁边。SHE stood by . the window, 她站在窗户旁边stand的过去式，stood . come . and sit by me过来，坐在我身边来sit by me靠近。第五种用法是路过经过。He worked right by me without even saying hano, 他就从我身边路过走过，甚至连招呼都没有打，without even saying hello. 注意这里的thing，ING是without介词，介词后面看见动词，我们就一定要记得加ING。I passed by the fund every day on my way to work. 每天我去上班的路上都会经过这个农场。Die是经过路过的意思。第六种用法表示逐渐的变化，表示某件事物在渐渐的发生。Day by day, he grew weaker. 一天一天的，他变得越来越虚弱，weaker比较级，一天比一天更加的虚弱了。Weaker little by little, I was beginning to discover the truth. 一点一点的，我开始to discover . the . truth，是发现了真相。第七种用法是抓着物体或者身体的某个部分，也用这个。By he took the old woman by the ARM是抓着他的胳膊，也就是搀扶着这个old woman，let her across the road, that是need的过去式，引导need . net . net牵着她过的公路。第八种用法用在这个短语当中，all by oneself是独自或者独自一人。Dave spend Christmas all by himself, 他是自己一个人度过的圣诞节。You can move the furniture all by yourself. Furniture是家具，你一个人是搬不动这些家具的。第九种用于运算当中乘以或者是除以。What's forty eight divided by four, 这个by for用到介词，by defied就是除划分的意思。最后它用在一些短语当中，意思是由于出于什么？I met him by chance out working yesterday. 昨天我外出出散步是意外，偶然的遇到了他。By chance就是偶然意外的意思。He took my umbrella by mistake, 他拿我的雨伞是by mistake。怎么样拿的呢？错误的拿的这个by用在这样的短语当中，由于。后面大家把这些by的一些短语还要再复习巩固一遍。Thank you. Anne, i'm a little nervous. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next monday. That doesn't sound too bad. but i'm a very slow reader. Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first. Don't read word by word, read word groups. but I don't understand many of the words. I have to use a dictionary. try to guess the words meaning by reading the sentences before and after IT. You probably understand more than you think. That sounds difficult. Well, be patient. IT takes time. You can become Better by reading something you enjoy every day. The more you read, the . faster you'll be. Hanny, i'm a little nervous. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next monday. That doesn't sound too bad. But i'm a very slow reader. Just really quickly to get the main ideas at first, don't read word by word, read word groups. but I don't understand many of the words. I have to use a dictionary. Try to guess the words meaning by reading the sentences before and after IT you probably understand more than you think. That sounds difficult. Well, be patient. That takes time. You can become Better by reading something you enjoy every day. The more you read, the faster you'll be. Unit1 How can we become good learners? 人教新目标版 九年级上册 SectionA Grammar Focus-4c Learning objectives 1. 能够掌握“by+动词-ing”形式表达方式、方法。 2. 能够正确运用“by+动词-ing ”形式谈论英语学习中的问题和解决办法。 3. 能够引导学生总结自己和了解同伴的学习方法，提高学习英语的信心。 4.培养学生学习英语的积极性。 Warming up What do you think of the old man? It is never too old to learn English. Everyone can learn English well. by listening to English tapes by speaking with foreigners by reading English newspapers by writing/keeping diaries in English by watching English movies by asking a classmate for help —How do you learn English? —I learn English… by: 介词，表“通过” by doing sth: 通过做某事，表方式 Revision S1: I study by …ing . How do you learn English? S2: I study by …ing . How do you learn English? S3: I study by …ing . How do you learn English? S4: I …… S5: … 规则: 说自己的学习方法，然后问后面的同学。（若有停顿，罚读句子） I can become a good learner! Say the way you study and ask the next student. Dragon Game Watch and answer Jack is a very slow reader and Annie is giving her advice about reading English. Should Jack read word by word to get the main idea? 2. When you meet difficult words, what should you do? No, he shouldn’t. Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. New drills He feels a little nervous. How does Jack feel? 2. What’s Annie’s suggestions to a slower reader? Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first. Don’t read word by word. Read word groups. Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. 3. What should Jack do if he doesn’t understand many of the words? Read 2d carefully and answer more questions: Role-play conversation. Jack: Annie, I’m a little nervous. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday. Annie: That doesn’t sound too bad. Jack: But I’m a very slow reader. Annie: For the first time, just read quickly to get the main ideas. Don’t read word by word, read word groups. Jack: But I don’t understand many of the words. I have to use a dictionary. Annie: Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. You probably understand more than you think. Jack: That sounds difficult! Annie: Well, be patient. It takes time. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day. The more you read,the faster you’ll be. 2d 有点儿 finish doing sth adj.有耐心的 n.句子 作报告 逐字地，字字地 Don’t read word by word, read word groups. 句中的word by word意思是“逐字地”，by表示速率。 day by day 逐日；一天天地 year by year 逐年；一年一年地 little by little 逐渐地，渐渐地 one by one 一个接一个地； 依次地 step by step 逐步地, 循序渐进地 side by side 肩并肩地； 一起 例句：现在，不要逐字读报告，大致地看一下就可以了。 Don't read the report word by word now; just skim it. Well, be patient. 嗯，耐心点。 patient作形容词，意为“忍耐的, 有耐心的”。 还可作名词，意为“患者, 病人”。 【拓展】be patient of sth 容忍某物 be patient to do sth 有耐心干某事 be patient with 对（某人）有耐心 例句：几个病人正在等着看医生。 Several patients are waiting to see the doctor. 例句：她对小孩子很有耐心。 She’s very patient with young children. The more you read, the faster you’ll be. 你读书越多，你（读书的速度）就会越快。 “the+比较级+ ..., the +比较级+ ...”表示 “越……，就越……” 比较级的常见句型还有: 比较级+比较级 表示“越来越...” 例句：你学得越多，懂得的就越多。 The more you learn, the more you know. 例句：天气越暖，我就感觉越舒服。 The warmer the weather is, the better I will feel. 例句：中国正变得越来越强大。 China is becoming stronger and stronger. a little nervous 有点紧张=kind of nervous finish doing sth完成做某事 give a report 作报告 a very slow reader 一个非常缓慢的读者 word by word 逐字地 at first起初 be patient of sth 容忍某物 be patient to do sth 有耐心干某事 be patient with 对（某人）有耐心 the+比较级+ ..., the +比较级+ ... 越……，就越…… Important phrases and sentences. Jack has to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday. He’s _____________ because he is a _______________. Annie suggests that he should just read quickly to get the main ideas _______. Don’t read ______________. Read ____________. Jack can’t understand many of the words. He has to _______________. Annie advises Jack to try to guess a word’s meaning _____________________ before and after it. All in all, __________ you read, _________ you’ll be. a little nervous very slow reader at first word by word word groups use a dictionary by reading the sentences the more the faster Fill in the blanks according to the conversation. Consolidation Jack: Annie, I’m a little nervous… Annie: That doesn’t sound too bad… … Jack:... Annie:... Jack:... Annie:... Jack Annie Role-play the conversation in 2d. Role play Grammar 1. —你如何学习英语？—我通过小组学习。 —_____ _____ _____learn English? —I learn _____ _____ _____a group. 2. —你通过大声阅读学习英语吗？—是的。这帮助了我的发音。 —Do you learn English_____ _______ _______? —Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. 3. —我如何能读得更快？ —你可以通过按照意群读的方式读得更快。 —______ _____ _____read faster? —You can read faster _____ _______ _______ ________. 4. —我如何能提高我的发音呢？—有一种方法是通过听录音。 —______ ______ ______improve my pronunciation? —One way is _____ __________ _______ __________. How do you by studying with by reading aloud How can I by reading word groups How can I by listening to tapes Practice Complete the sentences. How do you learn English? Do you learn English by reading aloud? How can I read faster? How can I improve my pronunciation? I learn by studying with a group. Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. You can read faster by reading word groups. One way is by listening to tapes. 发现一: Ask ways of doing things: 1) How do sb. do sth.? 2) Do sb. do sth. by doing sth.? 3) How can sb. do sth.? Tell ways of doing things: 1) sb. do sth. by doing sth. 2) sb. can do sth. by doing sth. 3) One way is by doing sth. Grammar — How ____ they study English? — They study English ______________________. by asking the teacher for help do — How ____ she study English? — She studies English ___________________. does by reading the textbook — How ____ he study English? — He studies English ___________________. does by listening to tapes 活学活用 Grammar 发现二: How do you learn English? Do you learn English by reading aloud? How can I read faster? How can I improve my pronunciation? I learn by studying with a group. Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. You can read faster by reading word groups. One way is by listening to tapes. by是介词, 表示“通过……方法或途径”的意思, 译成“靠,通过”, 后面可加名词、名词短语或动名词。可用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。 by doing sth: 通过做某事，一般表示解决问题的方式 I study English by watching English movies. by 的用法 Grammar 【例句】1. Come and sit by us. 2. Peter goes to work by bus every day. 3. Tony will come back by 10:00 pm. 【结论】 by表示位置，意为“__________ ”，如句1。 2.by+表示交通工具的名词(by后不加冠词 )，意为“ ”，如句2。 3. by+时间, 意为“ ”，如句3。 乘/坐... 在……旁边 到(某时)之前; 不迟于 He goes to school by bike. The children are playing by the river. When I passed by Jack’s window this morning, I heard him singing in the room. I must be in bed by ten o’clock. by 的其他用法 pass\walk by “经过，路过” Grammar by 的其他用法 组成其它短语: by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一 下”，常做插入语。 如：顺便问一下，李丽在哪儿？ By the way, where’s Lily? 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自己”。如： 我不能把她单独留下。 I can’t leave her by herself. 3) one by one: 意为“一个接着一个”；“一个又一个” 如： step by step, little by little Don’t read word by word. Read word groups. 不要一个接着一个单词读，按意群读。 They went out of the classroom one by one. 他们一个接着一个走出了教室。 根据提示，完成下列各题：    1. Come and sit ______（我旁边）．       2. ______________（到上星期日） I had finished the book．    3. She came home _________（乘飞机）．    4. Did you make the desk ____________ (独自）? 5．_________（顺便问下）, how many people are there in  your family?   6. We can overcome(克服) all the difficulties by__________ (work)together.   by me By last Sunday by plane by yourself By the way working Practice Grammar 动名词（v- ing）的用法 发现三: How do you learn English? Do you learn English by reading aloud? How can I read faster? How can I improve my pronunciation? I learn by studying with a group. Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. You can read faster by reading word groups. One way is by listening to tapes. 定义: 它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。 基本形式: V-ing 作 用: 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1.用作主语 所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. 注意:动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 这种用法在习惯句型中常用。 It is no use/ good / useless + doing... It is a waste of time + doing ... It is fun + doing ... 在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。 e.g. It's no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收) It is fun playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真好。 Grammar 2.用作宾语 1)作动词的宾语 常见的此类动词有:practice, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, 等。 e.g. How do you practice speaking ? I have to finish reading a book and give a report. 2) 作介词的宾语 1.I learn English by doing grammar exercises. 2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3.He was late again because of getting up late 4. Lock the doors and windows before going out 5. What/How about the two of us playing games ? Exercise 1. My watch needs ________, but I have no time to go to town to have it _______. A. to repair; repaired B. to be repaired; repairing C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired 2. You should apologize to your sister for _____ her the truth. A. telling B. not telling C. telling not D. not tell 3. ---The light in the office is still on. ---Oh, I forgot ___________ it off. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D. having turned Exercise 4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldn’t help ________. A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cries 5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _______ English every day. A. to practise speaking B. practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak 6. It is no use _______ without doing. A. to promise B. promising C. promise D. to be promised 1. How do you practice speaking? 2. How do you learn new words? 3. How do you improve your writing? 4. How do you practice listening? 5. How do you improve your pronunciation? 6. How do you learn grammar? Answer the questions. Then match the questions and answers. 4a 1. How do you practice speaking? 2. How do you learn new words? 3. How do you improve your writing? 4. How do you practice listening? 5. How do you improve your pronunciation? 6. How do you learn grammar? c e f a b d a. By watching English programs. b. By listening to a tape and repeating out loud. c. By having conversations with friends. d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot. e. By making word cards. f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals. math physics chemistry Chinese history geography e.g. I usually practice my English by taking notes / reading books and newspapers /speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns. Make sentences using the structure “do sth. by doing” with the subjects in the box and information that is true for you. 4b memory n. 记忆 I like to learn math by solving new math problems every day. I like to practice my physics by doing extra exercises. I like to improve my chemistry by memorizing chemical terms and doing experiments. I like to practice my Chinese by keeping a diary in Chinese. I like to improve my history and geography by watching historical and geographical programs. Suggested answers: Check (√) what you do to learn English. Then interview your partner. 4c I learn English by… My partner learns English by… yes no how often yes no how often doing grammar exercises. taking notes in English. reading English books/magazines. keeping a diary in English. using an English dictionary. … A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises? B: Yes, I do. A: How often do you do them? B: … $$