定语从句 语法讲解和语法练习 2025-2026学年译林版九年级（2012）九年级英语上册

译林版九上必考语法 定语从句 · 定语从句语法讲解 一、概念 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，引导定语从句的词称为关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 例：The man who was seen running down Corn Street is a suspect.（先行词为 the man，关系代词 who 引导定语从句） 作用：通过从句补充说明先行词的特征、状态或所属关系等，使句子信息更丰富。 二、Unit 8 涉及的关系词及用法 关系代词（Unit 8 重点） 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中作成分 例句（出自 Unit 8） who 人 主语 / 宾语 We are asking anyone who saw anything unusual to contact us.（作主语） which 物 主语 / 宾语 We are checking the scene for clues which will help solve the case.（作主语） that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 The victim's parents offered a reward for information that leads to the arrest.（作主语） 三、Unit 8 定语从句核心用法 1. 限定性定语从句 从句与先行词关系密切，不可省略，否则句子意思不完整。Unit 8 出现的定语从句均为限定性。 例：The suspect who was seen running down Corn Street is being investigated. 2. 关系词的省略 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 例：The knife（that/which）the murderer used has been found.（that/which 作宾语，可省略） 3. 主谓一致 定语从句的谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致。 例：The clues that were found at the scene are helpful.（先行词 clues 为复数，谓语用 were） 四、注意点与易错点 1. 注意点 ①关系词在从句中充当成分，不可重复使用代词。 错误：This is the book which I read it.（“which” 已作 “read” 的宾语，无需 “it”） 正确：This is the book which I read. ②先行词为指人的不定代词（如 anyone、someone）时，关系代词用 who。 例：Anyone who can provide evidence should contact the police.（出自 Unit 8） 2. 易错点 误用 that 代替 which 的情况： 当介词提前时，只能用 which，不能用 that。 错误：The room in that the murder happened is small. 正确：The room in which the murder happened is small. 五、中考考点链接（结合 Unit 8 语境） 1. 关系代词辨析 The detective ______ is investigating the case is very experienced. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 答案：B（先行词 detective 指人，从句中作主语，用 who） 2. that 与 which 的区别 This is the only clue ______ can help solve the murder. A. which B. who C. that D. what 答案：C（先行词被 the only 修饰，只能用 that） 3. 语境化应用 The victim ______ was a computer engineer was found in West Town. 答案：who/that（先行词 victim 指人，从句中作主语） · 语法练习 考点夯基·专项突破 一、单项选择 1. The girl ______ is standing at the school gate is my sister. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library last week. A. who B. whose C. which D. what 3. We met the scientist ______ inventions have changed our life greatly. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 4. The film ______ we watched yesterday is very interesting. A. that B. who C. whom D. what 5. Do you know the boy ______ father is a doctor? A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 6 This is the best story ______ I have ever read. A. which B. who C. that D. what 7. The students ______ are from Class 3 will take part in the competition. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 8. I still remember the day ______ we first met. A. which B. when C. who D. whose 9. The house ______ windows face south is very bright. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 10. Is this the park ______ you visited last month? A. where B. which C. who D. whose 11. The teacher ______ taught us English last year has gone abroad. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 12. This is the reason ______ he was late for school. A. which B. why C. who D. whose 13. The man ______ you talked to just now is our headmaster. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 14. I have a friend ______ likes collecting stamps. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 15. The city ______ we live is very beautiful. A. where B. which C. who D. whose 二、用适当的关系代词填空 1. The policeman ______ is standing at the crossing is my uncle. 2. This is the wallet ______ I found on the bus yesterday. 3. We need to find the witness ______ saw the accident happen. 4. The case ______ the detective is working on is very difficult. 5. Anyone ______ has information about the theft should call the police. 6. The knife ______ was used in the crime has been taken away. 7. I know the boy ______ parents are both doctors. 8. This is the only evidence ______ can prove he is innocent. 9. The house ______ door is painted red is where the suspect lives. 10. The clues ______ were collected at the scene are being checked now. 三、句型转换 1. This is the school. I studied in this school three years ago.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 2. The girl is my classmate. She is talking to the teacher.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 3. We met a woman. Her son is a famous actor.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 4. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it from the library.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 5. He told us a story. The story made us laugh.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 四、完成句子 1. The man ______（正在树下看书的）is our math teacher. 2. This is the room ______（我昨天住过的）. 3. Do you know the girl ______（头发是黑色的）? 4. The book ______（封面是红色的）is very popular. 5. I will never forget the day ______（我们第一次见面的）. 综合攻坚·能力跃升 五、语法选择 One day, a little girl found a cat 1______ was lying on the street. The cat looked weak, so the girl took it home. Her mother, 2______ works as a vet, checked the cat carefully. She said the cat needed medicine because its leg 3______ hurt. The girl, 4______ loved animals very much, took good care of the cat. Every day, she fed it with food 5______ she bought from the pet shop. After a few days, the cat 6______ was once weak became strong. The girl was very happy and decided to keep the cat 7______ had become her good friend. One afternoon, when they were playing in the garden 8______ is full of flowers, a man came. He 9______ a photo of the cat and said he was its owner. The cat’s name 10______ Mimi. The girl felt sad but knew she should return the cat. The man thanked the girl warmly. 1. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 2. A. which B. who C. whose D. when 3. A. was B. were C. is D. are 4.A. which B. who C. whom D. where 5. A. who B. whose C. that D. when 6. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 7. A. who B. which C. where D. when 8. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 9. A. took out B. put on C. looked for D. turned off 10. A. am B. is C. are D. was 六、语法填空 A new library 1______ was built last year opened last week. Many students 2______ love reading came to visit it. The library has a lot of books 3______ cover different subjects. There is a reading room 4______ is very big. The students 5______ are in the reading room are reading quietly. A librarian 6______ works here told us that we can borrow books 7______ we like. The books 8______ we borrow can be kept for two weeks. I found a book 9______ tells stories about history. It is a book 10______ I have been looking for for a long time. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 译林版九上必考语法 定语从句 · 定语从句语法讲解 一、概念 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，引导定语从句的词称为关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 例：The man who was seen running down Corn Street is a suspect.（先行词为 the man，关系代词 who 引导定语从句） 作用：通过从句补充说明先行词的特征、状态或所属关系等，使句子信息更丰富。 二、Unit 8 涉及的关系词及用法 关系代词（Unit 8 重点） 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中作成分 例句（出自 Unit 8） who 人 主语 / 宾语 We are asking anyone who saw anything unusual to contact us.（作主语） which 物 主语 / 宾语 We are checking the scene for clues which will help solve the case.（作主语） that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 The victim's parents offered a reward for information that leads to the arrest.（作主语） 三、Unit 8 定语从句核心用法 1. 限定性定语从句 从句与先行词关系密切，不可省略，否则句子意思不完整。Unit 8 出现的定语从句均为限定性。 例：The suspect who was seen running down Corn Street is being investigated. 2. 关系词的省略 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 例：The knife（that/which）the murderer used has been found.（that/which 作宾语，可省略） 3. 主谓一致 定语从句的谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致。 例：The clues that were found at the scene are helpful.（先行词 clues 为复数，谓语用 were） 四、注意点与易错点 1. 注意点 ①关系词在从句中充当成分，不可重复使用代词。 错误：This is the book which I read it.（“which” 已作 “read” 的宾语，无需 “it”） 正确：This is the book which I read. ②先行词为指人的不定代词（如 anyone、someone）时，关系代词用 who。 例：Anyone who can provide evidence should contact the police.（出自 Unit 8） 2. 易错点 误用 that 代替 which 的情况： 当介词提前时，只能用 which，不能用 that。 错误：The room in that the murder happened is small. 正确：The room in which the murder happened is small. 五、中考考点链接（结合 Unit 8 语境） 1. 关系代词辨析 The detective ______ is investigating the case is very experienced. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 答案：B（先行词 detective 指人，从句中作主语，用 who） 2. that 与 which 的区别 This is the only clue ______ can help solve the murder. A. which B. who C. that D. what 答案：C（先行词被 the only 修饰，只能用 that） 3. 语境化应用 The victim ______ was a computer engineer was found in West Town. 答案：who/that（先行词 victim 指人，从句中作主语） · 语法练习 考点夯基·专项突破 一、单项选择 1. The girl ______ is standing at the school gate is my sister. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library last week. A. who B. whose C. which D. what 3. We met the scientist ______ inventions have changed our life greatly. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 4. The film ______ we watched yesterday is very interesting. A. that B. who C. whom D. what 5. Do you know the boy ______ father is a doctor? A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 6 This is the best story ______ I have ever read. A. which B. who C. that D. what 7. The students ______ are from Class 3 will take part in the competition. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 8. I still remember the day ______ we first met. A. which B. when C. who D. whose 9. The house ______ windows face south is very bright. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 10. Is this the park ______ you visited last month? A. where B. which C. who D. whose 11. The teacher ______ taught us English last year has gone abroad. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 12. This is the reason ______ he was late for school. A. which B. why C. who D. whose 13. The man ______ you talked to just now is our headmaster. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 14. I have a friend ______ likes collecting stamps. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 15. The city ______ we live is very beautiful. A. where B. which C. who D. whose 1.B 句意：站在学校门口的那个女孩是我妹妹。 考点分析：先行词 “the girl” 指人，从句中缺主语，关系代词用 who，故选 B。 2.C 句意：这是我上周从图书馆借的书。 考点分析：先行词 “the book” 指物，从句中缺宾语，关系代词用 which，故选 C。 3.D 句意：我们见到了那位其发明极大改变了我们生活的科学家。 考点分析：先行词 “the scientist” 指人，从句中 “inventions” 与先行词是所属关系，用 whose，故选 D。 4.A 句意：我们昨天看的那部电影很有趣。 考点分析：先行词 “the film” 指物，从句中缺宾语，关系代词用 that（也可用 which），故选 A。 5.D 句意：你认识那个爸爸是医生的男孩吗？ 考点分析：先行词 “the boy” 指人，从句中 “father” 与先行词是所属关系，用 whose，故选 D。 6.C 句意：这是我读过的最好的故事。 考点分析：先行词 “story” 被 “the best” 修饰，关系代词只能用 that，故选 C。 7.B 句意：来自三班的学生们将参加比赛。 考点分析：先行词 “the students” 指人，从句中缺主语，关系代词用 who，故选 B。 8.B 句意：我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天。 考点分析：先行词 “the day” 指时间，从句中缺时间状语，用关系副词 when，故选 B。 9.C 句意：窗户朝南的那所房子很明亮。 考点分析：先行词 “the house” 指物，从句中 “windows” 与先行词是所属关系，用 whose，故选 C。 10.B 句意：这是你上个月参观的公园吗？ 考点分析：先行词 “the park” 指物，从句中缺宾语（visit 后接宾语），关系代词用 which（也可用 that），故选 B。 11.B 句意：去年教我们英语的那位老师出国了。 考点分析：先行词 “the teacher” 指人，从句中缺主语，关系代词用 who，故选 B。 12.B 句意：这就是他上学迟到的原因。 考点分析：先行词 “the reason” 指原因，从句中缺原因状语，用关系副词 why，故选 B。 13.C 句意：你刚才交谈的那个男人是我们的校长。 考点分析：先行词 “the man” 指人，从句中缺宾语（talk to 后接宾语），关系代词用 whom（也可用 who，口语中可省略），故选 C。 14.B 句意：我有一个喜欢集邮的朋友。 考点分析：先行词 “a friend” 指人，从句中缺主语，关系代词用 who，故选 B。 15.A 句意：我们住的这个城市很美。 考点分析：先行词 “the city” 指地点，从句中缺地点状语（live 后接地点状语，需加介词 in，此处 where=in which），用 where，故选 A。 二、用适当的关系代词填空 1. The policeman ______ is standing at the crossing is my uncle. 2. This is the wallet ______ I found on the bus yesterday. 3. We need to find the witness ______ saw the accident happen. 4. The case ______ the detective is working on is very difficult. 5. Anyone ______ has information about the theft should call the police. 6. The knife ______ was used in the crime has been taken away. 7. I know the boy ______ parents are both doctors. 8. This is the only evidence ______ can prove he is innocent. 9. The house ______ door is painted red is where the suspect lives. 10. The clues ______ were collected at the scene are being checked now. 1.who/that 句意：站在十字路口的那个警察是我叔叔。 考点分析：先行词 “the policeman” 指人，从句缺主语，用 who/that。 2.that/which 句意：这是我昨天在公交车上捡到的钱包。 考点分析：先行词 “the wallet” 指物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which（可省略）。 3.who/that 句意：我们需要找到目睹事故发生的目击者。 考点分析：先行词 “the witness” 指人，从句缺主语，用 who/that。 4.that/which 句意：侦探正在处理的这个案子很难。 考点分析：先行词 “the case” 指物，从句缺宾语（work on 后接宾语），用 that/which（可省略）。 5.who 句意：任何有盗窃案信息的人都应该报警。 考点分析：先行词 “anyone” 是指人的不定代词，关系代词用 who。 6.that/which 句意：犯罪中使用的那把刀已经被拿走了。 考点分析：先行词 “the knife” 指物，从句缺主语，用 that/which。 7.whose 句意：我认识那个父母都是医生的男孩。 考点分析：先行词 “the boy” 指人，从句中 “parents” 与先行词是所属关系，用 whose。 8.that 句意：这是唯一能证明他无辜的证据。 考点分析：先行词 “evidence” 被 “the only” 修饰，关系代词用 that。 9.whose 句意：那扇门被漆成红色的房子是嫌疑人住的地方。 考点分析：先行词 “the house” 指物，从句中 “door” 与先行词是所属关系，用 whose。 10.that/which 句意：在现场收集到的线索现在正在被检查。 考点分析：先行词 “the clues” 指物，从句缺主语，用 that/which。 三、句型转换 1. This is the school. I studied in this school three years ago.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 2. The girl is my classmate. She is talking to the teacher.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 3. We met a woman. Her son is a famous actor.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 4. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it from the library.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 5. He told us a story. The story made us laugh.（合并为含定语从句的句子） 1.This is the school where I studied three years ago./This is the school in which I studied three years ago. 句意：这是我三年前就读的学校。 考点分析：先行词 “the school” 指地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 或 in which。 2.The girl who/that is talking to the teacher is my classmate. 句意：正在和老师说话的那个女孩是我的同学。 考点分析：先行词 “the girl” 指人，从句缺主语，用 who/that。 3.We met a woman whose son is a famous actor. 句意：我们见到了一位其儿子是著名演员的女士。 考点分析：先行词 “a woman” 指人，从句中 “son” 与先行词是所属关系，用 whose。 4.The book that/which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 句意：我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。 考点分析：先行词 “the book” 指物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which（可省略）。 5.He told us a story that/which made us laugh. 句意：他给我们讲了一个让我们大笑的故事。 考点分析：先行词 “a story” 指物，从句缺主语，用 that/which。 四、完成句子 1. The man ______（正在树下看书的）is our math teacher. 2. This is the room ______（我昨天住过的）. 3. Do you know the girl ______（头发是黑色的）? 4. The book ______（封面是红色的）is very popular. 5. I will never forget the day ______（我们第一次见面的）. 1.who/that is reading under the tree 句意：正在树下看书的那个男人是我们的数学老师。 考点分析：先行词 “the man” 指人，从句缺主语和谓语，用 who/that 引导，结合 “正在” 用现在进行时。 2.where I lived yesterday/in which I lived yesterday 句意：这是我昨天住过的房间。 考点分析：先行词 “the room” 指地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 或 in which，结合 “昨天” 用一般过去时。 3.whose hair is black 句意：你认识那个头发是黑色的女孩吗？ 考点分析：先行词 “the girl” 指人，从句中 “hair” 与先行词是所属关系，用 whose。 4.whose cover is red 句意：那本封面是红色的书很受欢迎。 考点分析：先行词 “the book” 指物，从句中 “cover” 与先行词是所属关系，用 whose。 5.when we first met/on which we first met 句意：我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。 考点分析：先行词 “the day” 指时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 或 on which。 综合攻坚·能力跃升 五、语法选择 One day, a little girl found a cat 1______ was lying on the street. The cat looked weak, so the girl took it home. Her mother, 2______ works as a vet, checked the cat carefully. She said the cat needed medicine because its leg 3______ hurt. The girl, 4______ loved animals very much, took good care of the cat. Every day, she fed it with food 5______ she bought from the pet shop. After a few days, the cat 6______ was once weak became strong. The girl was very happy and decided to keep the cat 7______ had become her good friend. One afternoon, when they were playing in the garden 8______ is full of flowers, a man came. He 9______ a photo of the cat and said he was its owner. The cat’s name 10______ Mimi. The girl felt sad but knew she should return the cat. The man thanked the girl warmly. 1. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 2. A. which B. who C. whose D. when 3. A. was B. were C. is D. are 4.A. which B. who C. whom D. where 5. A. who B. whose C. that D. when 6. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 7. A. who B. which C. where D. when 8. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 9. A. took out B. put on C. looked for D. turned off 10. A. am B. is C. are D. was 1.A 句意：一天，一个小女孩发现了一只躺在街上的猫。 考点分析：先行词 “a cat” 指物，从句缺主语，用 which，故选 A。 2.B 句意：她的妈妈是一名兽医，仔细检查了这只猫。 考点分析：先行词 “her mother” 指人，从句缺主语，用 who，故选 B。 3.A 句意：她说这只猫需要药物，因为它的腿受伤了。 考点分析：主语 “its leg” 是单数，结合上下文时态（过去时），用 was，故选 A。 4.B 句意：那个非常喜欢动物的女孩把猫照顾得很好。 考点分析：先行词 “the girl” 指人，从句缺主语，用 who，故选 B。 5.C 句意：每天，她用从宠物店买的食物喂它。 考点分析：先行词 “food” 指物，从句缺宾语，用 that（也可用 which），故选 C。 6.B 句意：几天后，那只曾经很虚弱的猫变得强壮了。 考点分析：先行词 “the cat” 指物，从句缺主语，用 which，故选 B。 7.B 句意：女孩很高兴，决定留下那只已经成为她好朋友的猫。 考点分析：先行词 “the cat” 指物，从句缺主语，用 which，故选 B。 8.A 句意：一天下午，当它们在满是花的花园里玩耍时，一个男人来了。 考点分析：先行词 “the garden” 指物，从句缺主语，用 which，故选 A。 9.A 句意：他拿出一张猫的照片，说他是猫的主人。 考点分析：“took out” 意为 “拿出”，符合语境；“put on”（穿上）、“looked for”（寻找）、“turned off”（关闭）均不符，故选 A。 10.D 句意：这只猫的名字叫咪咪。 考点分析：主语 “the cat’s name” 是单数，结合上下文时态（过去时），用 was，故选 D。 六、语法填空 A new library 1______ was built last year opened last week. Many students 2______ love reading came to visit it. The library has a lot of books 3______ cover different subjects. There is a reading room 4______ is very big. The students 5______ are in the reading room are reading quietly. A librarian 6______ works here told us that we can borrow books 7______ we like. The books 8______ we borrow can be kept for two weeks. I found a book 9______ tells stories about history. It is a book 10______ I have been looking for for a long time. 1.that/which 句意：去年建的那个新图书馆上周开放了。 考点分析：先行词 “a new library” 指物，从句缺主语，用 that/which。 2.who/that 句意：许多喜欢读书的学生来参观它。 考点分析：先行词 “many students” 指人，从句缺主语，用 who/that。 3.that/which 句意：图书馆有很多涵盖不同学科的书。 考点分析：先行词 “books” 指物，从句缺主语，用 that/which。 4.that/which 句意：有一个很大的阅览室。 考点分析：先行词 “a reading room” 指物，从句缺主语，用 that/which。 5.who/that 句意：在阅览室里的学生们正在安静地读书。 考点分析：先行词 “the students” 指人，从句缺主语，用 who/that。 6.who/that 句意：在这里工作的一位图书管理员告诉我们，我们可以借我们喜欢的书。 考点分析：先行词 “a librarian” 指人，从句缺主语，用 who/that。 7.that/which 句意：在这里工作的一位图书管理员告诉我们，我们可以借我们喜欢的书。 考点分析：先行词 “books” 指物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which（可省略）。 8.that/which 句意：我们借的书可以保留两周。 考点分析：先行词 “the books” 指物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which（可省略）。 9.that/which 句意：我找到了一本讲历史故事的书。 考点分析：先行词 “a book” 指物，从句缺主语，用 that/which。 10.that/which 句意：这是我找了很长时间的一本书。 考点分析：先行词 “a book” 指物，从句缺宾语，用 that/which（可省略）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$