Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy（知识清单）英语译林版2020必修第二册

Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy 单词 1. ________ n. (美)足球运动 2. ________ n. 蝙蝠；球棒，球板 vt. & vi. 用球棒(板)击球 3. ________ n. 跳伞运动 4. ________ n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺→________ vt. 祝贺 5. ________ vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露→________ n. 假定；设想→________ conj. 假定 6. ________ n. 肺 7. ________ vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照看→________ n. 趋势；倾向；偏好 8. ________ adj. 有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的 9. ________ n. 病，疾病 10. ________ adv. 此外，而且 11. ________ vt. 减少，缩小 12. ________ n. 常规，惯例 adj. 常规的，例行的；乏味的 13. ________ n. 肌肉，肌 14. ________ adj. 有氧的；需氧的 15. ________ n. 慢跑锻炼 16. ________ n. 滑雪(运动) 17. ________ n. 引体向上 18. ________ n. 骨头，骨 19. ________ n. 体操，体操训练 20. ________ n. 太极拳，太极 21. ________ vt. & vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 22. ________ n. (变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 23. ________ n. 活动，转动；移动；运动→________ v. 移动 24. ________ n. 汽油 25. ________ n. 碳水化合物，糖类 26. ________ n. 能，能量；精力；能源→________ adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 27. ________ n. 汽油 28. ________ n. 蛋白质 29. ________ n. 平均水平，一般水准 adj. 平均的；典型的 30. ________ prep. 自始至终；各处，遍及 31. ________ n. 汗水 vt. & vi. 出汗，流汗 32. ________ n. 伤害，损伤→________ vt. 伤害，损伤→________ adj. 受伤的 33. ________ vt. 阻止，阻碍→________ n. 阻止，阻碍 34. ________ n. (人、动植物细胞的)组织；(尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸 35. ________ n. 配备，装备；设备→________ v. 配备；装备 36. ________ vi. & vt. 缺乏，没有，不足，短缺 n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺→________ adj. 没有的；缺乏的；不足的 37. ________ vt. 维持；维修，保养 38. ________ vt. 宣布，宣告；通知→________ n. 宣布，宣告；通知→________ n. 播音员；宣告者 39. ________ vt. 使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n. 最新消息 40. ________ vt. 用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 41. ________ n. 运动员 42. ________ n. 拳击运动 43. ________ n. 冠军，第一名 44. ________ n. 球场；法院，法庭；宫廷 45. ________ conj. 而且，此外 prep. 加；和 46. ________ adj. 附近的，邻近的 adv. 在附近，不远 47. ________ n. 健身房，体育馆 48. ________ n. 搭档，同伴；伙伴；合伙人 49. ________ n. 处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位 50. ________ vi. 犹豫，迟疑→________ n. 犹豫，迟疑→________ adj. 犹豫的，踌躇的 51. ________ vt. & vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入→________ n. 允许进入；承认；入场费 52. ________ vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)→________ n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)→________ adj. 受鼓舞的→________ adj. 鼓舞人心的 53. ________ vt. & vi. 探究，探索；勘探，勘察→________ n. 探险；探索，探究→________ n. 探险者 54. ________ n. 鹤 55. ________ n. 雄鸡 56. ________ adv. 现今，现在 57. ________ n. 大师，能手；主人 vt. 精通，掌握；控制 58. ________ vt. 模仿；仿效 59. ________ vi. & n. 疼痛，隐痛 60. ________ n. 满意；满足，达到→________ vt. 满足；使满意→________ adj. 令人满意的→________ adj. 满足的；(感到)满意 61. ________ vt. & vi. (使)生根 n. 根，根茎；根源，起因 62. ________ n. 哲学 63. ________ n. 统一体，联合体，整体；团结一致，联合，统一 64. ________ vi. 存在；生活，生存→________ n. 生存；存在→________ adj. 目前的，现有的 65. ________(also ________) adv. 向后；朝反方向 66. ________ vt. & vi. 呼吸；呼出→________ n. 呼吸→________ adj. 气喘吁吁的 67. ________ n. 简图，图解，图表，示意图 短语 1. ________________创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 2. ________________长期 3. ________________持续，坚持 4. ________________弥补，补偿 5. ________________对……进行最后的润色或修饰 6. ________________对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 7. ________________略有不适，不舒服 8. ________________不足为奇，并不奇怪 9. ________________起源于 10. ________________阻止…… 11. ________________首先，作为开始 12. ________________克服 13. ________________在……中发挥作用，扮演角色 14. ________________保持，维持 15. ________________对……有影响 熟词生义 1. Drivers in London can expect to average about 12 miles per hour. ________ 2. The candidates’ age ranged from 29 to 49 with an average age of 37. ________ 3. It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. ________ 4. The average American has not even thought about next year’s election. ________ 5. Only ticket-holders will be admitted to the cinema. ________ 6. Everyone of us should have the courage to admit our mistakes. ________ 7. Only athletes who have reached the standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. ________ 8. The gym to be completed next month can admit 1,000 people at a time. ________ 9. I called the office to update them on the day’s development. ________ 10. Suffering a massive earthquake, the city was reduced to ruins. ________ 11. In order to inspire more students to participate in sports activities, our school has built more basketball courts and tennis courts. ________ 12. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. ________ 13. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities. ________ 14. The weather here is great, with temperatures ranging from a low of 55°F to a high of 75°F in the summer. ________ 15. While the polar bears are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic. ________ 句型 1． it作形式主语 ________________________________ active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，经常锻炼的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 2． 动名词短语作主语 ________________ can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。 3． the+序数词+n.+to do.. When you plan an exercise routine, ________________________________ is what you expect to improve：heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. 制订锻炼计划时，首先需要考虑的是你期望在哪些方向有所改善，是心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 4． 状语从句的省略 To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment ________________. 为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 5． sb be v. -ed to do.. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, ________________________________ tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. 传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 6． 现在分词短语作结果状语 Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, ________________________________. 太极拳教会了我放松大脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。 语法 1. 现在进行时的被动语态 2. 现在完成时的被动语态 一、词汇清单 知识点1 congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 【教材原句】You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations！(教材P16) 你想开始锻炼吗？恭喜你！ 【拓展】 (1)offer/send/express congratulations to sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺某事 (2)congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；祝贺 congratulate sb. on　 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth. (为成就或成功)感到自豪，感到高兴 【写作佳句】I'm writing to congratulate you on winning the championship of the 26th English Speech Contest. 我写信祝贺你在第26届英语演讲比赛中获得冠军。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. ________(congratulate) on your winning the first prize in the Chinese calligraphy contest! 2. I’m writing this email to congratulate you ________ your passing the final exam. 3. The two sportsmen congratulated each other on ________(win) the match by shaking hands. 完成句子 4.当朋友们向他表示祝贺时,他微笑着说:“我是一个幸运儿。” When friends ________________________________ him, he said with a smile, “I’m a lucky dog.” 知识点2 assume vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)；就(职)；呈现，显露 【教材原句】Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? (教材P16) 大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢？ 【拓展】 (1)assume...to be... 认为……是……；假定……是…… assume that... 假定，认为…… It is generally assumed that... 普遍认为…… (2)assuming (that)… 假定……(作状语) (3)assumption n. 设想，假定；承担 make an assumption (about) (对……)做出假设/推测；假定/认为…… on the assumption that 假定，假设 【写作佳句】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption that you’ve made.试着去理解实际正在发生的事情,而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. ________(assume) that you will be given an opportunity to go abroad, where will you go? 2. His actions were based on a false ________(assume). 完成句子 3.人们往往根据外表来推测你。 People tend to ________________ you based on your appearance. 知识点3 tend vi. 往往会；趋向vt. 照看；照料 【教材原句】It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. (教材P16) 事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 【拓展】 (1)tend (to)… 照料，护理 (2)tendency n. 倾向，趋势；偏好；性情 have a tendency to do sth. 喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事 there is a tendency (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)有做某事的趋势 【写作佳句】I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. 我倾向于和我的几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村冒险并沿途拍照。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. There is a ________(tend) for a person to put up a mask when around other people. 2. The gym tends ________(get) very busy at around six o'clock. 3. I have a tendency ________(talk) too much when I'm nervous. 完成句子 作为一名高三学生, 随着时间的推移,你会有感到焦虑的倾向, 这是正常的。 As a Senior 3 student, it is normal that you ________________ anxious with time going by. 知识点4 range n. (变动或浮动的)范围, 界限, 区间; 一系列 vi. 变化, 变动, 包括 【教材原句】Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body’s range of movement. (教材P17) 体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉,加大身体活动范围。 【拓展】 (1)a wide/full range of　 各种各样的 within/in (one’s) range of 在可及的范围内 out of/beyond one’s range=out of/beyond the range of sb. 超出某人的承受范围 (2)range from...to... 在……到……范围内变化 range between...and... 在……与……之间变化 【写作佳句】His interests range from playing football to listening to music. 他的爱好从踢足球到听音乐。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed ________ the range of 60km/h and 120km/h. 完成句子 2. 这个农场位于我们城市的郊区，种植着各种各样的农作物，如蔬菜和水果。 The farm，located in the suburb of our city, has ________________ such as vegetables and fruits. 3.国家公园里有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。 →The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________________________________. (定语从句) →The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________________________________. (现在分词作状语) 知识点5 average n. 平均水平, 一般水准 adj. 平均的; 典型的 【教材原句】In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. (教材P2) 一般来说,你应该在运动前平均1.5到2.5小时进食。 【拓展】 an average of 平均…… on average 通常; 平均 above (the) average 高于平均水平; 一般水平以上 below (the) average 低于平均水平; 一般水平以下 【写作佳句】They averaged out the numbers and got the result 7. 他们算出这些数字的平均值，结果是7。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃________ the average. 2. Men lose ________ average of 3－4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. 完成句子 3. 通常，强烈的地震每两年发生不到一次。 ________________, a powerful earthquake occurs less than once every two years. 知识点6 make up for 弥补，补偿 【教材原句】Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. (教材P17) 记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。 【拓展】 make it 及时到达；获得成功；设法做成 make up 组成；编造；化妆；和好 make out 理解；弄清；填写 make sense 讲得通，有意义 make one's way (to) 前往 make use of 利用，使用 【写作佳句】I spared no effort to do my bit, collecting data and recording results carefully so as to make up for my academic disadvantage. 我竭尽全力, 认真收集资料、记录结果, 以弥补我在学术上的劣势。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I think it’s very unkind of you to make ________ stories about him. 2. He rose from his seat and made ________ the door. 3. Hard work can make up ________ a lack of ability. 完成句子 4.我们仍然能去, 但3点以前无法到达那里。 We could still ________________, but we won’t get there before three.  知识点7 prevent vt. 阻止，阻碍 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. (教材P17) 为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 【拓展】 (1)prevent sb. from doing sth.　 阻止某人做某事 (2)prevention n. 阻止, 预防 【写作佳句】It was cold outside, but it didn’t prevent him from going out to collect food for the homeless children. 外面很冷, 但这并不妨碍他出去为无家可归的孩子们收集食物。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Nothing would prevent him ________ speaking out against injustice. 2. The findings show a critical need to invest in disaster ________(prevent). 完成句子 3.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 →No one can ________________________________ being carried out. (prevent/stop)  →No one can ________________________________ being carried out. (keep)  知识点8 equipment n. 设备; 配备, 装备 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. (教材P17) 为了防止软组织受伤,你运动时一定要穿合适的衣服和护具。 【拓展】 (1)a piece of equipment　 一件设备 (2)equip sb. with sth. 用某物配备/装备某人 equip...for.../to do... 为了(做)……而装备 be equipped with... 配备有…… 【点津】①equip的过去式和过去分词均为equipped；②equipment为不可数名词，“一件设备”表示为a piece of equipment；③要以被装备的对象作宾语，不能以装备物作宾语，其句型通常为“equip+装备对象+with+装备物”。 【写作佳句】We should make good use of the existing equipment. 我们应该充分利用现有的设备。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Our school offers good ________ and you will be well ________ with knowledge and skills for your future job. (equip) 2. All riders ________(equip) with reflective vests and safety lights. 完成句子 3. 我们的教室配有电脑。 →We ________ our classroom ________ a computer. →Our classroom ________ a computer.  知识点9 injury n. 伤害, 损伤 【教材原句】Avoiding injury 避免受伤 (教材P17) 【拓展】 (1)do sb./oneself an injury ＝do an injury to sb./oneself 使某人/自己受伤害 (2)injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 injured adj. 受伤的 get/be injured 受伤 the injured 伤员 【写作佳句】Instead of dropping out of the game because of injury, he carried on. 他没有因伤而退出比赛, 而是继续坚持。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He was seriously ________(injure) in the traffic accident. 2. The man in his car ________(injure)by the big stone rolling down in the landslide yesterday.  完成句子 3.他在篮球比赛中受伤了，这使我们都很担心。 He ________________ during the basketball match, which made all of us worried. 知识点10 lack n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺vt. & vi. 没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 【教材原句】Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays. (教材P19) 另一些人则在周末锻炼几个小时,以弥补平日缺乏的锻炼。 【拓展】 (1)a lack of 缺少 the lack of... 缺乏…… for lack of 因为缺乏…… (2)lack sth. 缺乏某物 (3)lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的 be lacking in 缺乏…… [名师点津]lack作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。lack作名词时，其后跟介词of。 【写作佳句】Although Peter lacked communication ability, the manager asked him to take charge of the project. 尽管彼得缺乏沟通能力，但是经理还是让他负责那个项目。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The headmaster said that ________ lack of money was a great challenge. 2. Though ________(lack) experience，the young man still accepted the difficult task. 3. The man is lacking ________ courage to overcome difficulties by himself. 完成句子 4.健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼密切相关。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and ________________. 知识点11 announce vt. 宣布,宣告;通知 【教材原句】We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! (教材P20) 我们高兴地宣布,社区体育中心将于近期再度向公众开放! 【拓展】 (1)announce that...　　 宣布……;宣告…… it is announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 通告;宣布;声明 make an announcement 发布公告;发表消息 【写作佳句】Please be quiet, everyone! I have an announcement to make. 请大家安静一下! 我有一个通知要宣布。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We are pleased to announce ________ all five candidates are successful. 2. Today’s ________(announce) of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion. 完成句子 3.据宣布, 将有新的限速规定出台。 ________________ new speed restrictions would be introduced.  知识点12 in response to 对……作出反应; 作为对……的回复 【教材原句】In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. (教材P20) 为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课已经停开,取而代之的是一些有趣的课程,包括现代舞。 【拓展】 (1)response　　　　 n.反应; 回答; 答复 make a response to 对……作出回应 (2)respond v. 回答, 作出反应 respond to sb. 答复某人 respond to sth. 对某事作出回应 【写作佳句】I’m writing to give a brief introduction of Beijing Opera in response to your request. 应你的要求, 我写信简要介绍一下京剧。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I received an encouraging ________(respond) to my application for the job. 2. I asked him his name, but he didn’t respond ________ me. 完成句子 我凭借主持经验, 对台上的不同情况作出快速反应。 I am quick in ________________ different situations on the stage due to my hosting experience. 知识点13 replace vt. 用……替换; 代替, 取代; 更换, 更新 【教材原句】In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. (教材P20) 为了满足公众的喜好，我们的有氧运动课程已经停开，取而代之的是一些有趣的课程，包括现代舞。 【拓展】 replace sb./sth. with/by... 用……替换/取代…… be replaced by/with 被……所替换/取代 【写作佳句】Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycles. 如果我们用自行车取代汽车, 我们的城市将变得更好。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. After the performance, the former lead dancer ________(replace) by Nina. 2. We've replaced the old machine ________ a computer. 完成句子 3.Since Tom is absent, who will take the place of him? →Since Tom is absent, who will ________________________________? 知识点14 hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 【教材原句】When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. (教材P25) 当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校里新的太极俱乐部时，我犹豫了一下。 【拓展】 (1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 很乐意做某事 【写作佳句】 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I hesitated a lot ________ whether to tell him the bad news. 2. In the event of difficulties, please do not hesitate ________(contact) our Customer Service Department. 3. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without ________(hesitate). 完成句子 4.她毫不犹豫地接受了我的提议。 She had no ________________ accepting my offer. 知识点15 admit vt. & vi. 承认;招认;准许进入;准许加入 【教材原句】After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. (教材P25) 然而,第一堂课后,我不得不承认我对太极拳的看法是错误的。 【拓展】 (1)be admitted as 被接纳为……;作为……被承认 be admitted into/to 被……录取 admit doing/having done sth. 承认做过某事 admit sb./sth. to be + adj./n. 承认某人/某物为…… (2)admission n.承认;供认;入场费;门票费 【写作佳句】“I have matured and I admit responsibility for my actions,” he said in the letter. 他在信中说: “我成熟了, 我承认要对自己的行为负责。” 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I have successfully got ________(admit) as a volunteer for the 14th National Games. 2. ________(admit) to British universities depends on examination results. 完成句子 3.他承认违反了交通规则。 →He ________________________________ the traffic rules. (admit doing)  →He ________________________________ the traffic rules. (admit having done)  →He ________________________________ the traffic rules. (admit that)  知识点16 inspire vt. 激励,鼓舞;启发思考;使产生(感觉或情感) 【教材原句】Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. (教材P25) 同样重要的是,练太极拳鼓舞我去探索它背后的中国文化。 【拓展】 (1)inspire sb. with sth. = inspire sth.in sb. 用某事激励某人 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 (2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的;有灵感的 (3)inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人(或事物);灵感 【写作佳句】Their participation inspired the rest of the class to study hard. 他们的参与激励了班上其他同学努力学习。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The teacher inspires his students ________(give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.  2. Music can make you laugh, cry or shout. It’s also a great source of ________(inspire). 3. The ________(inspire) music acted on the emotions of the students. 完成句子 4. His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. →His encouraging remarks ________________________________.  二、语法清单 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成 1. It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 2. Our facilities have been enlarged and redone, and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. 3. In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. 4. Weight training classes, for example, are being designed and will be added to our programme soon. 5. The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. 【精讲·语法知识】 I. 现在进行时的被动语态 构成和形式 1. 现在进行时的被动语态的构成：am/is/are + being done ①肯定式：主语+ be + being+及物动词的过去分词+其他. ②否定式：主语+ be + not + being +及物动词的过去分词+其他. ③一般疑问式：Be+主语+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ ④特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+be+主语+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ 用法 1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的被动的动作。 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作。 3. 表示反复进行的被动的动作。 always, frequently, constantly等和现在进行时的被动语态连用时表示反复进行的被动的动作，这种动词形式常用来表示赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land ________(be) being washed away each year. 2. Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips ________(classify) now as ecotourism. 3. At present, our surroundings ________(pollute) faster than ever and it seems that people cannot prevent it. 4. Rainforests ________(cut) down and burnt at such a speed that they will disappear one day. 5. Many subway stations in the city ________(build) at present for better transport. 6. The problem which ________(discuss) in the meeting room now is very important to the development of the company. 7. It is announced that a lot of houses ________(build) at present in the disaster area. 8. He has to live in his friend’s because his house is being ________(rebuild). 9. At present, nature parks ________(build) in different areas of our country and most of them ________(complete) in about three years. 10. Reserves are being built for Yangtze River Dolphin, and they ________(search) for in the wild. 二、完成句子 11. 据报道，由于砍伐树木，野生动物的生存空间正在遭到破坏。(due to) As reported, living space for wildlife ________________ the cutting down of trees. 12. A number of efforts ________________ the company going. 正在作出许多努力以保持公司的运行。 13. Enough ________________, but you’ve made little progress. 为你做了很多，然而你的进步却很小。 14. ________________________________ from the largest museum on Earth—the Louvre! 现在正在为您播送的是世界上最大的博物馆——卢浮宫！ 15. 正在为希望工程募捐，我们将能达成预定目标。 ________________________________ for the Hope Project and we will reach the expected goal. II.现在完成时的被动语态 构成和形式 1. 肯定式：主语+have/has been+及物动词的过去分词+其他. 2. 否定式：主语+have/has not been+及物动词的过去分词+其他. 3. 一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ 4. 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ 用法 1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。 3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时刻已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 【经典练】　 1. The friendship between the peoples of the two countries has ________(strength) through various means. 2. The recipe Li Ziqi uses has been handed ________ from generation to generation. 3. She has always been ________(surround) with fashionable friends. 4. The exact location of the missing plane has not been ________(determine) yet. 5. Every possible means ________(use) to prevent the air pollution up to now, and it seems to work. The sky is getting clearer in China. 6. Once a pair ________(determine) to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. 7. Tai Hang, a modern-looking neighborhood in Hong Kong, is home to the Tai Hang Fire Dragon Dance, a folk art form that ________(perform) during the Mid-Autumn Festival for over 100 years. 8. It is said that since January, goods with dragon-themed elements, such as daily necessities, alcohol and gold jewelry, ________(prefer) by consumers. 9. In the past decades, efforts ________(make) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture. 10. It is the first time that a 5G remote surgery ________(perform) in China, with a doctor in Beijing operating on a patient 3,000 kilometers away. 二、完成句子 11. 只用了20年, 这个国家就变成了一个先进的工业强国。(transform; advance) In only 20 years, the country ________________________________ industrial power. 12. 到目前为止，多达47人已感染了这种病毒。(infect) So far, as many as 47 people ________ ________ ________ ________ the virus. 13. ________________ have been published. 各种各样的书被出版了。 14. The problem of phone addiction ________________ since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists trying to increase awareness about this problem. 电话成瘾问题从几年前就被观察到，专家和心理学家试图提高对这一问题的认识。 15. ________________________________, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. 一旦确定一对合适，我们将单独联系学生并提供特殊许可号码以注册该项目。 【温馨提示】 1. 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2. 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 三、写作清单 写一封关于锻炼身体的建议信 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是写一封关于锻炼身体的建议信。提供身体锻炼方面的建议是英语书面表达中的常见话题,主要涉及锻炼身体的益处、 方法和注意事项。指出目前存在的不利于健康的问题;这些问题会导致的后果;在今后的生活中如何改善生活方式,进行规律锻炼,提升健康水平。 【积累·写作素材】 ★用于开头段落 1. I am writing to express my views concerning the book management in the English classroom. 我写信是想表达我对英语教室中图书管理的看法。 2. You have asked me some questions about how to learn English well and I will make some suggestions. 你问了我一些如何学好英语的问题，下面我来给你一些建议。 3. I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in at the new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions may be helpful. 听说你在适应新学校方面遇到了困难，对此我深表遗憾。会有类似的问题很正常，或许下面的建议会对你有所帮助。 ★用于中心段落 1. The problem you are facing is common among teenagers. 你遇到的问题在青少年中很普遍。 2. I think it would be more beneficial if you could hand in your paper ahead of time. 如果你能提前提交你的论文会对你更有好处。 3. If I were you, I would ask my teacher for help. 如果我是你，我会向老师求助。 4. You can/had better/should adjust yourself by communicating more with others. 你可以/最好/应该通过多与人交流来调整自己。 5. The following are the reasons for my suggestion. First, ... Besides, ... Last but not least, ... 我建议的理由如下：首先，……其次，……最后但同样重要的是，…… ★用于结尾段落 1. I hope you will find these suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful. 我希望你会发现这些建议很有帮助。 2. I will be more than happy to see improvements in this respect. 我很高兴看到这方面的改进。 3. If you need more information, just let me know. 如果你还需要更多信息，请告诉我。 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华。你的笔友林涛来信说,因学习忙、锻炼少,最近经常生病,影响学习。请根据提示写一封英文回信。要点包括: 　　1.锻炼的重要性; 2.提出锻炼建议。 注意:1.词数 80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 建议信—关于身体锻炼 人称 以第二人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：开门见山说明写信的目的。 第二段：具体建议。 第三段：表达期望。 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1. 身体不舒服 ________________ 2. 给你一些建议 ________________ 3. 放松 ________________ 4. 增强体质 ________________ 5. 继续学习 ________________ 6. 提高学习效率 ________________ 7. 身体健康 ________________ 句子翻译 1.我了解到你身体不适好几天了。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我写信给你一些如何增强体质的建议。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 3.你只有在健康的时候才能继续学习并提高学习效率。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 4.参加你学校里的健身俱乐部可能是个好主意。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 第三步：词句升级 5.用非谓语动词合并句1和句2 ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 用倒装句升级句3 ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 用动词-ing形式作主语升级句4. ________________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 18 / 18 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy 单词 1. soccer n. (美)足球运动 2. bat n. 蝙蝠；球棒，球板 vt. & vi. 用球棒(板)击球 3. skydiving n. 跳伞运动 4. congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺→congratulate vt. 祝贺 5. assume vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露→assumption n. 假定；设想→assuming conj. 假定 6. lung n. 肺 7. tend vi. 往往会；趋向 vt. 照看→tendency n. 趋势；倾向；偏好 8. immune adj. 有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的 9. disease n. 病，疾病 10. moreover adv. 此外，而且 11. reduce vt. 减少，缩小 12. routine n. 常规，惯例 adj. 常规的，例行的；乏味的 13. muscle n. 肌肉，肌 14. aerobic adj. 有氧的；需氧的 15. jogging n. 慢跑锻炼 16. skiing n. 滑雪(运动) 17. pull-up n. 引体向上 18. bone n. 骨头，骨 19. gymnastics n. 体操，体操训练 20. tai chi n. 太极拳，太极 21. stretch vt. & vi. 伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 22. range n. (变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 23. movement n. 活动，转动；移动；运动→move v. 移动 24. petrol n. 汽油 25. carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物，糖类 26. energy n. 能，能量；精力；能源→energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 27. petrol n. 汽油 28. protein n. 蛋白质 29. average n. 平均水平，一般水准 adj. 平均的；典型的 30. throughout prep. 自始至终；各处，遍及 31. sweat n. 汗水 vt. & vi. 出汗，流汗 32. injury n. 伤害，损伤→injure vt. 伤害，损伤→injured adj. 受伤的 33. prevent vt. 阻止，阻碍→prevention n. 阻止，阻碍 34. tissue n. (人、动植物细胞的)组织；(尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸 35. equipment n. 配备，装备；设备→equip v. 配备；装备 36. lack vi. & vt. 缺乏，没有，不足，短缺 n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺→lacking adj. 没有的；缺乏的；不足的 37. maintain vt. 维持；维修，保养 38. announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通知→announcement n. 宣布，宣告；通知→announcer n. 播音员；宣告者 39. update vt. 使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n. 最新消息 40. replace vt. 用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 41. athlete n. 运动员 42. boxing n. 拳击运动 43. champion n. 冠军，第一名 44. court n. 球场；法院，法庭；宫廷 45. plus conj. 而且，此外 prep. 加；和 46. nearby adj. 附近的，邻近的 adv. 在附近，不远 47. gym n. 健身房，体育馆 48. partner n. 搭档，同伴；伙伴；合伙人 49. position n. 处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位 50. hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑→hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑→hesitant adj. 犹豫的，踌躇的 51. admit vt. & vi. 承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入→admission n. 允许进入；承认；入场费 52. inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)→inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)→inspired adj. 受鼓舞的→inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 53. explore vt. & vi. 探究，探索；勘探，勘察→exploration n. 探险；探索，探究→explorer n. 探险者 54. crane n. 鹤 55. rooster n. 雄鸡 56. nowadays adv. 现今，现在 57. master n. 大师，能手；主人 vt. 精通，掌握；控制 58. imitate vt. 模仿；仿效 59. ache vi. & n. 疼痛，隐痛 60. satisfaction n. 满意；满足，达到→satisfy vt. 满足；使满意→satisfying/satisfactory adj. 令人满意的→satisfied adj. 满足的；(感到)满意 61. root vt. & vi. (使)生根 n. 根，根茎；根源，起因 62. philosophy n. 哲学 63. unity n. 统一体，联合体，整体；团结一致，联合，统一 64. exist vi. 存在；生活，生存→existence n. 生存；存在→existing adj. 目前的，现有的 65. backwards(also backward) adv. 向后；朝反方向 66. breathe vt. & vi. 呼吸；呼出→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 67. diagram n. 简图，图解，图表，示意图 短语 1. do wonders 创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 2. over the long term 长期 3. stick with 持续，坚持 4. make up for 弥补，补偿 5. put the finishing touches to 对……进行最后的润色或修饰 6. in response to 对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 7. under the weather 略有不适，不舒服 8. no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪 9. be rooted in 起源于 10. prevent...from... 阻止…… 11. to start with 首先，作为开始 12. get over 克服 13. play a role in在……中发挥作用，扮演角色 14. keep up 保持，维持 15. have an effect on 对……有影响 熟词生义 1. Drivers in London can expect to average about 12 miles per hour. v. 平均为；计算出……的平均数 2. The candidates’ age ranged from 29 to 49 with an average age of 37. 平均的 3. It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. 平均数，平均水平 4. The average American has not even thought about next year’s election. 普通的 5. Only ticket-holders will be admitted to the cinema. 准许进入(或加入) 6. Everyone of us should have the courage to admit our mistakes. 承认 7. Only athletes who have reached the standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 接纳 8. The gym to be completed next month can admit 1,000 people at a time. 可容纳 9. I called the office to update them on the day’s development. 向……提供最新消息 10. Suffering a massive earthquake, the city was reduced to ruins. 使沦落，使陷入窘境 11. In order to inspire more students to participate in sports activities, our school has built more basketball courts and tennis courts. 球场 12. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. vi.包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物 13. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities. n.一系列 14. The weather here is great, with temperatures ranging from a low of 55°F to a high of 75°F in the summer. vi. (在一定范围内)变动,变化  15. While the polar bears are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic. v.徘徊,漫步,四处移动 句型 1． it作形式主语 It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，经常锻炼的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 2． 动名词短语作主语 Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. 锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。 3． the+序数词+n.+to do.. When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve：heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. 制订锻炼计划时，首先需要考虑的是你期望在哪些方向有所改善，是心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 4． 状语从句的省略 To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。 5． sb be v. -ed to do.. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. 传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极拳。 6． 现在分词短语作结果状语 Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations. 太极拳教会了我放松大脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。 语法 1. 现在进行时的被动语态 2. 现在完成时的被动语态 一、词汇清单 知识点1 congratulation n. 祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 【教材原句】You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations！(教材P16) 你想开始锻炼吗？恭喜你！ 【拓展】 (1)offer/send/express congratulations to sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺某事 (2)congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；祝贺 congratulate sb. on　 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth. (为成就或成功)感到自豪，感到高兴 【写作佳句】I'm writing to congratulate you on winning the championship of the 26th English Speech Contest. 我写信祝贺你在第26届英语演讲比赛中获得冠军。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Congratulations(congratulate) on your winning the first prize in the Chinese calligraphy contest! 2. I’m writing this email to congratulate you on your passing the final exam. 3. The two sportsmen congratulated each other on winning(win) the match by shaking hands. 完成句子 4.当朋友们向他表示祝贺时,他微笑着说:“我是一个幸运儿。” When friends offered their congratulations to him, he said with a smile, “I’m a lucky dog.” 知识点2 assume vt. 假定，认为；承担(责任)；就(职)；呈现，显露 【教材原句】Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? (教材P16) 大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢？ 【拓展】 (1)assume...to be... 认为……是……；假定……是…… assume that... 假定，认为…… It is generally assumed that... 普遍认为…… (2)assuming (that)… 假定……(作状语) (3)assumption n. 设想，假定；承担 make an assumption (about) (对……)做出假设/推测；假定/认为…… on the assumption that 假定，假设 【写作佳句】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption that you’ve made.试着去理解实际正在发生的事情,而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Assuming(assume) that you will be given an opportunity to go abroad, where will you go? 2. His actions were based on a false assumption(assume). 完成句子 3.人们往往根据外表来推测你。 People tend to make assumptions about you based on your appearance. 知识点3 tend vi. 往往会；趋向vt. 照看；照料 【教材原句】It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. (教材P16) 事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 【拓展】 (1)tend (to)… 照料，护理 (2)tendency n. 倾向，趋势；偏好；性情 have a tendency to do sth. 喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事 there is a tendency (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)有做某事的趋势 【写作佳句】I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. 我倾向于和我的几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村冒险并沿途拍照。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. There is a tendency(tend) for a person to put up a mask when around other people. 2. The gym tends to get(get) very busy at around six o'clock. 3. I have a tendency to talk(talk) too much when I'm nervous. 完成句子 作为一名高三学生, 随着时间的推移,你会有感到焦虑的倾向, 这是正常的。 As a Senior 3 student, it is normal that you have a tendency to get anxious with time going by. 知识点4 range n. (变动或浮动的)范围, 界限, 区间; 一系列 vi. 变化, 变动, 包括 【教材原句】Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body’s range of movement. (教材P17) 体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉,加大身体活动范围。 【拓展】 (1)a wide/full range of　 各种各样的 within/in (one’s) range of 在可及的范围内 out of/beyond one’s range=out of/beyond the range of sb. 超出某人的承受范围 (2)range from...to... 在……到……范围内变化 range between...and... 在……与……之间变化 【写作佳句】His interests range from playing football to listening to music. 他的爱好从踢足球到听音乐。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h. 完成句子 2. 这个农场位于我们城市的郊区，种植着各种各样的农作物，如蔬菜和水果。 The farm，located in the suburb of our city, has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits. 3.国家公园里有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。 →The national park has a large collection of wildlife, which ranges from butterflies to elephants. (定语从句) →The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. (现在分词作状语) 知识点5 average n. 平均水平, 一般水准 adj. 平均的; 典型的 【教材原句】In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. (教材P2) 一般来说,你应该在运动前平均1.5到2.5小时进食。 【拓展】 an average of 平均…… on average 通常; 平均 above (the) average 高于平均水平; 一般水平以上 below (the) average 低于平均水平; 一般水平以下 【写作佳句】They averaged out the numbers and got the result 7. 他们算出这些数字的平均值，结果是7。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ above the average. 2. Men lose an average of 3－4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. 完成句子 3. 通常，强烈的地震每两年发生不到一次。 On average, a powerful earthquake occurs less than once every two years. 知识点6 make up for 弥补，补偿 【教材原句】Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. (教材P17) 记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。 【拓展】 make it 及时到达；获得成功；设法做成 make up 组成；编造；化妆；和好 make out 理解；弄清；填写 make sense 讲得通，有意义 make one's way (to) 前往 make use of 利用，使用 【写作佳句】I spared no effort to do my bit, collecting data and recording results carefully so as to make up for my academic disadvantage. 我竭尽全力, 认真收集资料、记录结果, 以弥补我在学术上的劣势。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him. 2. He rose from his seat and made for the door. 3. Hard work can make up for a lack of ability. 完成句子 4.我们仍然能去, 但3点以前无法到达那里。 We could still make it, but we won’t get there before three.  知识点7 prevent vt. 阻止，阻碍 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. (教材P17) 为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 【拓展】 (1)prevent sb. from doing sth.　 阻止某人做某事 (2)prevention n. 阻止, 预防 【写作佳句】It was cold outside, but it didn’t prevent him from going out to collect food for the homeless children. 外面很冷, 但这并不妨碍他出去为无家可归的孩子们收集食物。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice. 2. The findings show a critical need to invest in disaster prevention(prevent). 完成句子 3.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 →No one can prevent/stop the plan (from) being carried out. (prevent/stop)  →No one can keep the plan from being carried out. (keep)  知识点8 equipment n. 设备; 配备, 装备 【教材原句】To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. (教材P17) 为了防止软组织受伤,你运动时一定要穿合适的衣服和护具。 【拓展】 (1)a piece of equipment　 一件设备 (2)equip sb. with sth. 用某物配备/装备某人 equip...for.../to do... 为了(做)……而装备 be equipped with... 配备有…… 【点津】①equip的过去式和过去分词均为equipped；②equipment为不可数名词，“一件设备”表示为a piece of equipment；③要以被装备的对象作宾语，不能以装备物作宾语，其句型通常为“equip+装备对象+with+装备物”。 【写作佳句】We should make good use of the existing equipment. 我们应该充分利用现有的设备。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job. (equip) 2. All riders are equipped(equip) with reflective vests and safety lights. 完成句子 3. 我们的教室配有电脑。 →We equip our classroom with a computer. →Our classroom is equipped with a computer.  知识点9 injury n. 伤害, 损伤 【教材原句】Avoiding injury 避免受伤 (教材P17) 【拓展】 (1)do sb./oneself an injury ＝do an injury to sb./oneself 使某人/自己受伤害 (2)injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 injured adj. 受伤的 get/be injured 受伤 the injured 伤员 【写作佳句】Instead of dropping out of the game because of injury, he carried on. 他没有因伤而退出比赛, 而是继续坚持。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He was seriously injured(injure) in the traffic accident. 2. The man in his car was injured(injure)by the big stone rolling down in the landslide yesterday.  完成句子 3.他在篮球比赛中受伤了，这使我们都很担心。 He got injured during the basketball match, which made all of us worried. 知识点10 lack n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺vt. & vi. 没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 【教材原句】Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays. (教材P19) 另一些人则在周末锻炼几个小时,以弥补平日缺乏的锻炼。 【拓展】 (1)a lack of 缺少 the lack of... 缺乏…… for lack of 因为缺乏…… (2)lack sth. 缺乏某物 (3)lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的 be lacking in 缺乏…… [名师点津]lack作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。lack作名词时，其后跟介词of。 【写作佳句】Although Peter lacked communication ability, the manager asked him to take charge of the project. 尽管彼得缺乏沟通能力，但是经理还是让他负责那个项目。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The headmaster said that a lack of money was a great challenge. 2. Though lacking(lack) experience，the young man still accepted the difficult task. 3. The man is lacking in courage to overcome difficulties by himself. 完成句子 4.健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼密切相关。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 知识点11 announce vt. 宣布,宣告;通知 【教材原句】We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! (教材P20) 我们高兴地宣布,社区体育中心将于近期再度向公众开放! 【拓展】 (1)announce that...　　 宣布……;宣告…… it is announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 通告;宣布;声明 make an announcement 发布公告;发表消息 【写作佳句】Please be quiet, everyone! I have an announcement to make. 请大家安静一下! 我有一个通知要宣布。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We are pleased to announce that all five candidates are successful. 2. Today’s announcement(announce) of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion. 完成句子 3.据宣布, 将有新的限速规定出台。 It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.  知识点12 in response to 对……作出反应; 作为对……的回复 【教材原句】In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. (教材P20) 为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课已经停开,取而代之的是一些有趣的课程,包括现代舞。 【拓展】 (1)response　　　　 n.反应; 回答; 答复 make a response to 对……作出回应 (2)respond v. 回答, 作出反应 respond to sb. 答复某人 respond to sth. 对某事作出回应 【写作佳句】I’m writing to give a brief introduction of Beijing Opera in response to your request. 应你的要求, 我写信简要介绍一下京剧。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I received an encouraging response(respond) to my application for the job. 2. I asked him his name, but he didn’t respond to me. 完成句子 我凭借主持经验, 对台上的不同情况作出快速反应。 I am quick in responding to different situations on the stage due to my hosting experience. 知识点13 replace vt. 用……替换; 代替, 取代; 更换, 更新 【教材原句】In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. (教材P20) 为了满足公众的喜好，我们的有氧运动课程已经停开，取而代之的是一些有趣的课程，包括现代舞。 【拓展】 replace sb./sth. with/by... 用……替换/取代…… be replaced by/with 被……所替换/取代 【写作佳句】Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycles. 如果我们用自行车取代汽车, 我们的城市将变得更好。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. After the performance, the former lead dancer was replaced(replace) by Nina. 2. We've replaced the old machine with/by a computer. 完成句子 3.Since Tom is absent, who will take the place of him? →Since Tom is absent, who will replace him/take his place? 知识点14 hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 【教材原句】When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. (教材P25) 当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校里新的太极俱乐部时，我犹豫了一下。 【拓展】 (1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 很乐意做某事 【写作佳句】 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I hesitated a lot about/over whether to tell him the bad news. 2. In the event of difficulties, please do not hesitate to contact(contact) our Customer Service Department. 3. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation(hesitate). 完成句子 4.她毫不犹豫地接受了我的提议。 She had no hesitation in accepting my offer. 知识点15 admit vt. & vi. 承认;招认;准许进入;准许加入 【教材原句】After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. (教材P25) 然而,第一堂课后,我不得不承认我对太极拳的看法是错误的。 【拓展】 (1)be admitted as 被接纳为……;作为……被承认 be admitted into/to 被……录取 admit doing/having done sth. 承认做过某事 admit sb./sth. to be + adj./n. 承认某人/某物为…… (2)admission n.承认;供认;入场费;门票费 【写作佳句】“I have matured and I admit responsibility for my actions,” he said in the letter. 他在信中说: “我成熟了, 我承认要对自己的行为负责。” 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I have successfully got admitted(admit) as a volunteer for the 14th National Games. 2. Admission(admit) to British universities depends on examination results. 完成句子 3.他承认违反了交通规则。 →He admitted breaking the traffic rules. (admit doing)  →He admitted having broken the traffic rules. (admit having done)  →He admitted that he had broken the traffic rules. (admit that)  知识点16 inspire vt. 激励,鼓舞;启发思考;使产生(感觉或情感) 【教材原句】Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it. (教材P25) 同样重要的是,练太极拳鼓舞我去探索它背后的中国文化。 【拓展】 (1)inspire sb. with sth. = inspire sth.in sb. 用某事激励某人 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 (2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的;有灵感的 (3)inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人(或事物);灵感 【写作佳句】Their participation inspired the rest of the class to study hard. 他们的参与激励了班上其他同学努力学习。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The teacher inspires his students to give(give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.  2. Music can make you laugh, cry or shout. It’s also a great source of inspiration(inspire). 3. The inspiring(inspire) music acted on the emotions of the students. 完成句子 4. His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. →His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.  二、语法清单 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成 1. It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 2. Our facilities have been enlarged and redone, and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. 3. In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. 4. Weight training classes, for example, are being designed and will be added to our programme soon. 5. The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment. 【精讲·语法知识】 I. 现在进行时的被动语态 构成和形式 1. 现在进行时的被动语态的构成：am/is/are + being done ①肯定式：主语+ be + being+及物动词的过去分词+其他. ②否定式：主语+ be + not + being +及物动词的过去分词+其他. ③一般疑问式：Be+主语+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ ④特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+be+主语+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ 用法 1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的被动的动作。 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作。 3. 表示反复进行的被动的动作。 always, frequently, constantly等和现在进行时的被动语态连用时表示反复进行的被动的动作，这种动词形式常用来表示赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land ________(be) being washed away each year. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：随着更多森林被破坏，每年都有大量的农田被冲走。“quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论其后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词的形式都用复数形式，此处“huge quantities of agricultural land”作主语，be动词用are与空后的being washed away构成现在进行时的被动语态作谓语。故填are。 2. Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips ________(classify) now as ecotourism. 【答案】are being classified 【详解】考查动词时态语态以及主谓一致。句意：由于与环境有关的旅游和探险旅游越来越受欢迎，各种类型的旅游现在都被归类为生态旅游。various types of trips(各种类型的旅游)作主语，所填词作谓语，根据now可知，所填词要用现在进行时，主语是复数名词，和classify为被动关系，要用现在进行时的被动语态结构are being+过去分词，classify的过去分词要把y改为i再加-ed。故填are being classified。 3. At present, our surroundings ________(pollute) faster than ever and it seems that people cannot prevent it. 【答案】are being polluted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：目前，我们的环境被污染的速度比以往任何时候都快，而且人们似乎无法阻止其发生。时间状语At present意为“现在”，结合语境可知，此处表示污染的动作正在发生，且and前的并列分句的主语our surroundings与pollute之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。主语为复数，谓语也应用复数形式。故填are being polluted. 4. Rainforests ________(cut) down and burnt at such a speed that they will disappear one day. 【答案】are being cut 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：热带雨林正以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁，以至于总有一天它们会消失。从will disappear可推断出，热带雨林应该是正在被砍伐，所以应用现在进行时；主语Rainforests与cut down之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态；主语是复数，谓语也应用复数形式。故填are being cut。 5. Many subway stations in the city ________(build) at present for better transport. 【答案】are being built 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：城市里许多地铁站目前正在建设中，以完善交通运输系统。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“at present”可知，句子表示动作正在进行中，时态应用现在进行时，build“建造，建设”和主语subway stations之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are being built。 6. The problem which ________(discuss) in the meeting room now is very important to the development of the company. 【答案】is being discussed 【详解】考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：现在会议室内正在商讨的问题对这家公司的发展尤为重要。“which ____ (discuss) in the meeting room now”是定语从句，修饰先行词The problem，关系词which在从句中作主语，与所给动词discuss之间是被动关系，结合时间状语now可知，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语which指代单数名词The problem，be动词用is。故填is being discussed。 7. It is announced that a lot of houses ________(build) at present in the disaster area. 【答案】are being built 【详解】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，灾区目前正在建造许多房屋。房屋是被建，由at present可知，此处使用现在进行时，build与a lot of houses之间为被动关系，所以，房子是正在被修建，因此句子用现在进行时的被动语态，主语houses是复数，因此空格处是are being built。故填are being built。 8. He has to live in his friend’s because his house is being ________(rebuild). 【答案】rebuilt 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：他不得不住在朋友家，因为他的房子正在重建。房子是被重建，由is being可知，句子是现在进行时的被动语态，因此空格处是过去分词rebuilt，故填rebuilt。 9. At present, nature parks ________(build) in different areas of our country and most of them ________(complete) in about three years. 【答案】are being built; will be completed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意： 现在，我们国家的不同地区正在建设自然公园，其中大部分将在大约三年内建成。根据时间状语At present可知，第一空应用现在进行时，nature parks和build之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态；根据in about three years可知，第二空应用一般将来时，most of them中的them指代nature parks，most of them与complete之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填are being built； will be completed。 10. Reserves are being built for Yangtze River Dolphin, and they ________(search) for in the wild. 【答案】are being searched 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：正在为长江江豚建立保护区，并且人们正在野外寻找它们。根据“Reserves are being built”可知，此处描述现在正在进行的动作，时态应用现在进行时；主语they指代Yangtze River Dolphin，与动词search“寻找”之间是被动关系，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是they，be动词用are。故填are being searched。 二、完成句子 11. 据报道，由于砍伐树木，野生动物的生存空间正在遭到破坏。(due to) As reported, living space for wildlife ________________ the cutting down of trees. 【答案】is being destroyed/damaged due to 【详解】考查时态语态和短语。表示“破坏”可用destroy或damage，与主语living space for wildlife构成被动关系，且正在进行用现在进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数；表示“由于”短语为due to。故填is being destroyed/damaged due to。 12. A number of efforts ________________ the company going. 正在作出许多努力以保持公司的运行。 【答案】were being made to keep 【详解】考查时态语态。表示“做出努力”短语为make efforts to do sth.，此处与主语构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻正在发生用过去进行时，主语为A number of efforts，谓语用复数；表示“保持”用动词keep。故填were being made to keep。 13. Enough ________________, but you’ve made little progress. 为你做了很多，然而你的进步却很小。 【答案】has been done for you 【详解】考查时态和语态。“做”用动词do表示；“为你”翻译为for you；主语enough与动词do之间是被动关系，用被动语态，此处表示一种结果，用现在完成时，主语是Enough，助动词用has。故填has been done for you。 14. ________________________________ from the largest museum on Earth—the Louvre! 现在正在为您播送的是世界上最大的博物馆——卢浮宫！ 【答案】This broadcast is being brought to you 【详解】考查时态语态。此处this broadcast作主语；表示“为您播送”可用be brought to you，且正在进行时，用现在进行时的被动语态。故填This broadcast is being brought to you。 15. 正在为希望工程募捐，我们将能达成预定目标。 ________________________________ for the Hope Project and we will reach the expected goal. 【答案】Money is being collected 【详解】考查时态和名词。“正在募捐”表示动作正在进行，且“Money”与“collect”之间为被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are + being + 过去分词。主语Money为不可数名词，be动词用is，“募捐”表达为“collect”，过去分词为collected。故填Money is being collected。 II.现在完成时的被动语态 构成和形式 1. 肯定式：主语+have/has been+及物动词的过去分词+其他. 2. 否定式：主语+have/has not been+及物动词的过去分词+其他. 3. 一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ 4. 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ 用法 1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。 3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时刻已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 【经典练】　 1. The friendship between the peoples of the two countries has ________(strength) through various means. 【答案】been strengthened 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：两国人民之间的友谊通过各种方式得到了加强。设空处为谓语动词，应使用动词形式“strengthen”，主语“the friendship”与“strengthen”之间是被动关系，结合空前的“has”可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，strengthen的过去分词形式为“strengthened”。故填been strengthened。 2. The recipe Li Ziqi uses has been handed ________ from generation to generation. 【答案】down 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：李子柒使用的食谱已经代代相传了。根据语境“食谱在一代又一代人之间...”可知，此空需用“hand down (把……传下去)”。故填 down。 3. She has always been ________(surround) with fashionable friends. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查语态。句意：她身边一直都有穿着时尚的朋友们相伴。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文“has always been”可知，此处为现在完成时的被动语态。故填surrounded。 4. The exact location of the missing plane has not been ________(determine) yet. 【答案】determined 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：失踪飞机的确切位置尚未确定。分析句子结构可知，主语The exact location与动词determine之间是被动关系，此处使用了现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”，所以空处应用其过去分词determined。故填determined。 5. Every possible means ________(use) to prevent the air pollution up to now, and it seems to work. The sky is getting clearer in China. 【答案】has been used 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，为防止空气污染，所有可能的方法都已被采用，而且似乎奏效了 —— 中国的天空正变得越来越晴朗。根据时间状语“up to now (到目前为止)”可知，空处应用现在完成时。Every possible means与use为动宾关系，用被动语态，且means在此处为单数名词。故填 has been used。 6. Once a pair ________(determine) to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. 【答案】has been determined 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一旦确定某对(学生)适合参与，他们将被单独联系，并获得一个特殊的许可号码以注册该项目。空处为Once引导时间状语从句的谓语动词，主语“a pair”与动词“determine”之间存在被动关系，根据“主将从现”原则并结合主句的将来时“will be contacted”，从句应用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作，表示先于主句动作发生的动作，即先确定合适人选，再联系学生，所以该句为现在完成时的被动语态，且主语“a pair”为单数，助动词用has。故填has been determined。 7. Tai Hang, a modern-looking neighborhood in Hong Kong, is home to the Tai Hang Fire Dragon Dance, a folk art form that ________(perform) during the Mid-Autumn Festival for over 100 years. 【答案】has been performed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：大坑是香港的一个现代化社区，是大坑火龙舞的故乡，这是一种民间艺术形式，已经在中秋节表演了100多年。空处为that引导定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“for over 100 years”可知，应用现在完成时。主语that指代的先行词a folk art form与perform是动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been performed。 8. It is said that since January, goods with dragon-themed elements, such as daily necessities, alcohol and gold jewelry, ________(prefer) by consumers. 【答案】have been preferred 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：据说，自1月份以来，带有龙主题要素的商品，如日用品、酒、珠宝等，一直受到消费者的青睐。空处为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“since January”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语“goods with dragon-themed elements ”和prefer为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词使用have。故填have been preferred。 9. In the past decades, efforts ________(make) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture. 【答案】have been made 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去几十年里，门头沟区一直在努力保护这种标志性的民间舞蹈文化。分析句子结构可知，此处是谓语。In the past decades作时间状语，应用现在完成时。make和efforts是动宾关系，用被动语态。且主语efforts是复数，故填have been made。 10. It is the first time that a 5G remote surgery ________(perform) in China, with a doctor in Beijing operating on a patient 3,000 kilometers away. 【答案】has been performed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是中国首次进行5G远程手术，由北京的一名医生为3000公里外的一名病人进行手术。“It is the first time that...”是固定句型，意为“这是第一次......”，that从句中要用现在完成时，且主语a 5G remote surgery和动词perform之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has been performed。 二、完成句子 11. 只用了20年, 这个国家就变成了一个先进的工业强国。(transform; advance) In only 20 years, the country ________________________________ industrial power. 【答案】has been transformed into an advanced 【详解】考查时态语态和固定短语。“变成……”用动词短语transform into表示；“先进的”用形容词advanced作定语；“一个”用不定冠词a/an表示，在形容词advanced前用an；主语the country与动词短语transform into之间是被动关系，用被动语态；句子描述的是一种结果，用现在完成时，主语是单数形式，助动词用has。故填has been transformed into an advanced。 12. 到目前为止，多达47人已感染了这种病毒。(infect) So far, as many as 47 people ________ ________ ________ ________ the virus. 【答案】have been infected with 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态及固定搭配。根据句意和提示词“infect”，“感染病毒”常用“be infected with”表达，根据“so far”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语“47 people”是复数，所以助动词用have。故填①have②been③infected④with。 13. ________________ have been published. 各种各样的书被出版了。 【答案】A variety of books 【详解】考查固定搭配。“各种各样的”可译为固定短语A variety of，后接可数名词复数books。句首单词首字母需大写。故填A variety of books。 14. The problem of phone addiction ________________ since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists trying to increase awareness about this problem. 电话成瘾问题从几年前就被观察到，专家和心理学家试图提高对这一问题的认识。 【答案】has been observed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“被观察到”，应用动词observe，与主语“The problem of phone addiction”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合时间状语“since a few years ago”可知，句子应用现在完成时，即“have/has + been + 过去分词”，主语“The problem of phone addiction”是单数，助动词用has。故填has been observed。 15. ________________________________, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. 一旦确定一对合适，我们将单独联系学生并提供特殊许可号码以注册该项目。 【答案】Once a pair has been determined to be suitable 【详解】考查时间状语从句和被动语态。根据句意，“一旦确定一对合适”中，“一旦”用连词once引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写；“确定一对合适”中，“一对”译为a pair作主语，表示“确定某人或某物做某事”为determine sb./sth. to do，与主语之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态；结合句意以及主句的谓语动词“will be contacted”可知，此处表示将来完成的动作，在时间状语从句中，使用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作，所以，“确定为合适”为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，且表示“合适”为suitable，所以，“确定为合适”可译为has been determined to be suitable。故填Once a pair has been determined to be suitable。 【温馨提示】 1. 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2. 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 三、写作清单 写一封关于锻炼身体的建议信 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是写一封关于锻炼身体的建议信。提供身体锻炼方面的建议是英语书面表达中的常见话题,主要涉及锻炼身体的益处、 方法和注意事项。指出目前存在的不利于健康的问题;这些问题会导致的后果;在今后的生活中如何改善生活方式,进行规律锻炼,提升健康水平。 【积累·写作素材】 ★用于开头段落 1. I am writing to express my views concerning the book management in the English classroom. 我写信是想表达我对英语教室中图书管理的看法。 2. You have asked me some questions about how to learn English well and I will make some suggestions. 你问了我一些如何学好英语的问题，下面我来给你一些建议。 3. I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in at the new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions may be helpful. 听说你在适应新学校方面遇到了困难，对此我深表遗憾。会有类似的问题很正常，或许下面的建议会对你有所帮助。 ★用于中心段落 1. The problem you are facing is common among teenagers. 你遇到的问题在青少年中很普遍。 2. I think it would be more beneficial if you could hand in your paper ahead of time. 如果你能提前提交你的论文会对你更有好处。 3. If I were you, I would ask my teacher for help. 如果我是你，我会向老师求助。 4. You can/had better/should adjust yourself by communicating more with others. 你可以/最好/应该通过多与人交流来调整自己。 5. The following are the reasons for my suggestion. First, ... Besides, ... Last but not least, ... 我建议的理由如下：首先，……其次，……最后但同样重要的是，…… ★用于结尾段落 1. I hope you will find these suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful. 我希望你会发现这些建议很有帮助。 2. I will be more than happy to see improvements in this respect. 我很高兴看到这方面的改进。 3. If you need more information, just let me know. 如果你还需要更多信息，请告诉我。 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华。你的笔友林涛来信说,因学习忙、锻炼少,最近经常生病,影响学习。请根据提示写一封英文回信。要点包括: 　　1.锻炼的重要性; 2.提出锻炼建议。 注意:1.词数 80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 建议信—关于身体锻炼 人称 以第二人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：开门见山说明写信的目的。 第二段：具体建议。 第三段：表达期望。 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1. 身体不舒服 under the weather 2. 给你一些建议 give you some advice 3. 放松 relax/ ease 4. 增强体质 build up your body 5. 继续学习 carry on studying 6. 提高学习效率 increase your study efficiency 7. 身体健康 in good health 句子翻译 1.我了解到你身体不适好几天了。 I have learned that you have been sick/under the weather for days.  2.我写信给你一些如何增强体质的建议。 I am writing to give you some advice on how to build up your body.  3.你只有在健康的时候才能继续学习并提高学习效率。 You can only carry on studying and increase your study efficiency when you are in good health.  4.参加你学校里的健身俱乐部可能是个好主意。 It might be a good idea to join a sports club in your school.  第三步：词句升级 5.用非谓语动词合并句1和句2 Having learned that you have been sick/under the weather for days, I am writing to give you some advice on how to build up your body.  6. 用倒装句升级句3 Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying and increase your study efficiency.  7. 用动词-ing形式作主语升级句4. Joining a sports club in your school might be a good idea. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Lin Tao, Having learned that you have been sick/under the weather for days, I am writing to give you some advice on how to build up your body.  Exercise can improve your physical conditions and ease your mind. Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying and increase your study efficiency. First of all, I suggest that you take at least one hour’s exercise every day, and make a detailed schedule for your exercise, which can help you stick with an exercise routine. Besides, it might be a good idea to join a sports club in your school. Last but not least, you can download an App to monitor your exercise.  I hope you will find the advice helpful. I would be very pleased to see you have a stronger body. Sincerely yours, Li Hua ( 15 / 22 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$