Unit 1 Lights, camera and action!（知识清单）英语译林版2020必修第二册

Unit 1 Lights, camera and action! 单词 1. ________ n. 类型，种类 vt. & vi. 打字 2. ________ n. 喜剧片，喜剧 3. ________ n. 纪录片，纪实节目 adj. 文件的；纪录的 4. ________ n. 幻想作品；幻想，想象 5. ________ n. 恐怖电影(或故事等)；震惊，恐惧→________ adj. 可怕的；令人恐惧的 6. ________ n. 爱情故事；浪漫史；爱情→________ adj. 浪漫的；爱情的；(________)浪漫主义的 7. ________ n. 小说；虚构的事 8. ________ adv. 实际上，事实上→________ adj. 真实的；实际的 9. ________ adj. 简洁的，简单的；短时间的→________ adv. 简洁地，简单地 10. ________ adj. 熟悉的，常见的→________ adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的→________ v. (使)熟悉，了解，通晓→________ n. 熟悉，通晓，认识 11. ________ n. 因素，要素 12. ________ n. 恐龙 13. ________ n. & vi. 咆哮，吼叫 14. ________ n. 一张(纸)；床单，被单；薄片 15. ________ n. 信封 16. ________ vt. 认为有重要性，重视；把……固定，附上→________ n. 附件；附属物；依恋→________ adj. 依恋的，爱慕的；附属的 17. ________ adj. 视力的，视觉的 18. ________ adv. 频繁地，经常→________ adj. 频繁的，经常的 v. 常去，常到(某处)→________ n. 频率，频繁 19. ________ n. 电影摄影棚；录音室 20. ________ vt. 使能够，使可行→________ adj. 有能力的→________ n. 能力 21. ________ n. vt. & vi. 帮助；援助 22. ________ vt. 较喜欢，更喜欢→________ n. 偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物 23. ________ adj. 创造性的，创作的；有创造力的→________ v. 创造；创作；产生→________ n. 创造；创建；作品→________ n. 创造者，创作者；造物主 24. ________ n. 方法；接近，靠近 vt. 接近，靠近；处理 25. ________ n. 角度；立场，观点 26. ________ n. 道具；支柱，支撑物 27. ________ vt. 改变，修改；修订；复习→________ n. 复习 28. ________ n. 史学工作者，历史学家→________ n. 历史→________ adj. 有关历史的→________ adj. 有历史意义的 29. ________ vt. 保证，确保→________ v. 向……保证，使确信 30. ________ adj. 大西洋的 31. ________ n. 大洋，海洋 32. ________ n. 讲座，演讲；教训，训斥 vi. 开讲座，讲课 vt. 指责，训斥 33. ________ n. 公平，公正；公道，合理 34. ________ n. 冰山 35. ________ n. 龙 36. ________ n. 奖，奖品，奖金 vt. 授予，给予 37. ________ n. 观众，听众 38. ________ vt. 做，履行；表演 vi. 工作，运转；表演→________ n. 表演；表现；执行；性能→________ n. 演员；表演者 39. ________ n. 外景拍摄地；地方，地点→________ v. 把……安置在；确定……的位置 40. ________ adj. 战争的，军事的 41. ________ 武术 42. ________ n. 沙漠，荒漠 43. ________ n. 丛林，密林 44. ________ n. 名称，标题；称号；职位名称 45. ________ vt. 改编，改写；使适应 vi. 适应→________ n. 改编本；适应→________ adj. 可改编的；能适应的 46. ________ vt. 将……认为，看待；注视 47. ________ n. 经典作品，名著 adj. 经典的；古典的→________ adj. 古典的；经典的 48. ________ adj. 极好的，了不起的，超级的 49. ________ n. 解决方法，处理手段；答案→________ v. 解决；处理 50. ________ prep. 向，朝 51. ________ n. 系统；制度，体制→________ adj. 系统化的，有条理的→________ adv. 有条理地 52. ________ n. 药物，疗法；治疗 vt. 治好→________ adj. 可以治愈的→________ adj. 不能治愈的 53. ________ adv. 最后，终于 54. ________ adj. 典型的，有代表性的→________ adv. 典型地；有代表性地；通常 55. ________ adj. 复杂的；花哨的；昂贵的 vt. 想要，想做；倾慕 56. ________ adj. 狭窄的；勉强的；狭隘的 vt. & vi. (使)窄小，缩小 57. ________ vt. 推荐，举荐；劝告，建议→________ n. 推荐；建议；介绍信 58. ________ n. 性格，个性；气质→________ adj. 个人的；人际的；个性的→________ adv. 就个人而言；亲自 59. ________ prep. 即使，尽管 60. ________ adj. 主要的，重要的→________ n. 大部分；大多数→(反) ________ n. 少数；少数民族 61. ________ n. 事件；活动 62. ________ vi. & vt. 挥手，招手；挥舞 n. 海浪；大量涌现 63. ________ vt. & vi. 记起，回忆起 64. ________ vt. & vi. 回想，回忆起 65. ________ n. 天使；善人 66. ________ adj. 非常好的，极佳的 67. ________ adj. 不直的，弯曲的 68. ________ n. 箭；箭头 69. ________ n. 豌豆 短语 1. ________________科幻电影(或小说等) 2. ________________在后台，在幕后 3. ________________更不用说，且不说 4. ________________恰当处理(某人或某事)；公平对待(某人或某事)，给予公正的评价 5. ________________除……以外(还) 6. ________________停车，停止 7. ________________大量的 8. ________________发生 9. ________________对……熟悉 10. ________________认为……十分重要 11. ________________与……分开 12. ________________促成，导致 13. ________________努力做…… 14. ________________被看作…… 熟词生义 1. What makes me annoyed is that he is always lecturing me about my behavior. ________ 2. I feel greatly honored to deliver a lecture which is designed for senior three students.(应用文写作之演讲稿) ________ 3. So that’s it? You’ve come all the way from London to give me a lecture? ________ 4. The gap between the two teams has narrowed to three points. ________ 5. We were told that the young man had won the election by a narrow majority. ________ 6.Though there are several historical relics in the area，it could only be accessible by a narrow road. ________ 7. Their first album was titled “Ocean Drive”. ________ 8. It is announced that the 800 meters race is the fourth event of the afternoon. ________ 9. If the line segment angled down，as between Day 4 and Day 5，it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. ________ 10. What do you charge for this type of work? ________ 11. She is not the type to be unfaithful. ________ 12. How fast can you type? ________ 13. The important words are in bold type. ________ 14. It is absolutely necessary to type the patient’s blood before a blood transfusion. ________ 句型 1.whatever 引导让步状语从句 ________________, there’s always a lot more to it than first meets the eye. 无论你们的答案是什么，它(电影)都远比你第一眼看到的更为复杂。 2.“代词＋of which”引导非限制性定语从句 Actually，the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, ________________________________. 事实上，你在银幕上看到的电影是大量艰苦工作的产物，其中大部分工作发生在幕后。 3. with复合结构 The Quidditch scenes in the Harry Potter films were made in this way ________________________________. “哈利·波特”系列电影中魁地奇比赛的场景就是通过演员在绿幕前上下跳跃这种方式制作的。 4. as引导原因状语从句 ________________________________, actors can be easily separated from the background. 因为绿色与任何自然的人类发色或肤色都不同，演员可以轻易地与背景分离。 5. 不定式短语作目的状语 ________________, great effort must sometimes be made to research，find and build objects. 为了使一部电影看起来真实，有时必须付出巨大的努力去研究、发现和建造一些物体。 6. It takes/took sb some time to do...某人花……时间做某事 ________________________________, not to mention the thousands of props inside. 制作这个精致的模型花了500 名工人100 天的时间， 更不用说内部还有成千上万的道具了。 7. do/does/did强调谓语动词 But, I ________________ the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world. 但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。 语法 主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则 3. 就近一致原则 一、词汇清单 知识点1 brief adj. 简洁的，简单的；短时间的 n. 摘要；简报 【教材原句】Today, I'll give you a brief introduction to some aspects of film­making you might not be familiar with. (教材P2) 今天，我将就电影制作中你们可能不太熟悉的一些方面做一个简单的介绍。 【拓展】 (1)to be brief 简言之 in brief 简言之；一言以蔽之 be brief and to the point 简明扼要 (2)briefly adv.简略地；短暂地 briefly speaking 简而言之 【写作佳句】You'd better have a brief understanding of the history, which makes it easy for you to go through the class. 你最好对历史有一个简单的了解，这样你就可以很容易地完成这门课程。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. ________ be brief, she was satisfied with the result. 2.To begin with，I'd like to tell ________(brief) the importance of the work. 完成句子 3.总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式。 ________, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise. 知识点2 familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的 【教材原句】Today, I'll give you a brief introduction to some aspects of film­making you might not be familiar with. (教材P2) 今天，我将就电影制作中你们可能不太熟悉的一些方面做一个简单的介绍。 【拓展】 (1)be familiar with对……熟悉(主语一般是人) be familiar to对……来说是熟悉的(主语一般是物) (2)unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的 familiarity n. 熟悉，精通 familiarly adv.亲密地；不拘礼地，随便地 【写作佳句】I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 我熟悉大卫面临的挑战, 也为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The name of Yao Ming is familiar ________ most Chinese. That’s to say, most Chinese people are familiar ________ the name of Yao Ming.  2. His ________(familiar) with German made me amazed.  3. He was likely to be ________(familiar) with you, so he didn’t say hello to you. 完成句子 我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。 I ________________ European history. →European history ________________ me. 知识点3 attach vt. 认为有重要性，重视；把……固定，附上 【教材原句】Another aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects. (教材P3) 我认为很重要的另一个方面是视觉特效。 【拓展】 (1)attach importance/significance/value to 认为……重要/有意义/有价值 attach…to… 把……固定到/附/贴在……上 attach oneself to sb. 　与某人在一起; 缠着某人 (2)attached adj. 依恋的; 附加的 (be)attached to 附属于; 依恋 【写作佳句】My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.   我的父母总是很重视我接受良好的教育。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. At one time the schools were mainly ________(attach) to the church. 2. To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to ________(become) rich and famous. 3. The little girl is attached ________ her English teacher. 句式升级 4. My sister sent me an email last night and some of her photos were attached to it. (with复合结构) →________________________________________________________________. 知识点4 enable vt. 使能够，使可行 【教材原句】This enables CGI effects to be added later. (教材P3) 这样可以在以后添加CGI效果。 【拓展】 (1)enable sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 (2)able adj. 能够……的；有能力的 be able to do sth. 能够做某事 (3)ability n. 能力 have the ability to do sth. 有做某事的能力 【写作佳句】We should dare to face failure, which enables us to learn from mistakes. 我们要敢于面对失败，它能让我们从错误中吸取教训。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Regular exercise and a balanced diet enable students ________(perform) well in study. 2. The digital age also ________(able) us to find people who share our interests. 3. A boss should have different talents and ________(ability). 完成句子 4.这使我们能够解决能源短缺问题。 This ________________ the problem of energy shortages. 知识点5 aid n. vt & vi. 帮助; 援助 【教材原句】However, the aid of computers isn’t always preferred. (教材P3) 不过, 计算机辅助并不总是受到青睐。 【拓展】 come/go to one's aid 来/去帮助某人 first aid 急救 in aid of 为了帮助…… with the aid of 借助……的帮助 【写作佳句】 Please come here to aid me to clean/in cleaning the room. 请过来帮我打扫房间。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We may travel ________ the aid of a good map，which can save much trouble. 2. He collected money ________ aid of the charity. 3. They all came ________ my aid when I met with difficulties. 完成句子 我不会说德语, 但一个好心人过来帮了我的忙。 I couldn’t speak German, but a kind man ________________. 知识点6 prefer vt. 较喜欢, 更喜欢 【教材原句】However，the aid of computers isn't always preferred. (教材P3) 然而，计算机的帮助并不总是首选。 【拓展】 (1)prefer doing/to do sth. 　 更喜欢做某事 prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 喜欢(做)A而不喜欢(做)B prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. =would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁可做某事也不做某事 prefer that… (should) do sth. 宁愿…… (2)preference n. 喜爱, 偏爱 have a preference for… 偏爱…… [名师点津]　 (1)prefer不用于进行时。 (2)prefer相当于like better，所以prefer不可与比较级连用。(3)在prefer to...结构中，to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形；在prefer...to...结构中，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 【写作佳句】Many people prefer paper bags to plastic ones because they are environmentally friendly. 与塑料袋相比, 许多人更喜欢纸袋, 因为它们环保。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I like my coffee black, while my mum has no clear ________(prefer).  2. We can eat out if you like, but I would prefer ________(stay) at home. 完成句子 3.如果你不介意的话, 我宁愿你在那个公共汽车站等我。  I would ________________ me at the bus stop if you don’t mind. 知识点7 approach n. 方法; 接近, 靠近　vt. 接近, 靠近; 处理 【教材原句】Peter Jackson, director of The Lord of the Rings films, took a creative approach... (教材P3) 《指环王》系列电影的导演彼得·杰克逊采用了一种创造性的方法…… 【拓展】 an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法 adopt/take an approach 采取一种方法 at one's approach 在某人接近/靠近时 at the approach of... 临近/接近……时 【写作佳句】As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate this important day. 随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举办一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. At the meeting they discussed different approaches ________ the study of maths. 2. All the approaches you thought of to ________(solve) the problem are very reasonable. 完成句子 那位新老师教英语的方法很有趣。 The new teacher’s ________________ English is very interesting. 知识点8 award n. 奖, 奖品, 奖金 vt. 授予, 给予 【教材原句】It has won many awards, including an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. (教材P2) 它赢得了许多奖项，包括奥斯卡最佳外语片奖。 【拓展】 (1)the first award/prize/place　一等奖; 第一名 win/get/receive an award for… 因……赢得/获得/得到奖项 (2)award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 为某人颁发某物 【写作佳句】She won the first award/prize/place in the poetry reading competition. 她在这次诗歌朗诵比赛中获得了一等奖。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He received an award ________ his high academic achievement. 2. The first prize was awarded ________ the youngest competitor. 完成句子 校长给获胜者颁发了一枚金牌。 The headmaster ________________ a gold medal. =The headmaster ________________ the winner. 知识点9 perform vi. 表演; 工作, 运转　vt. 表演; 做, 履行 【教材原句】However, the film's director, Ang Lee, preferred to have actors perform on location. (教材P5) 然而，电影导演李安更喜欢演员在现场表演。 【拓展】 (1)perform an experiment/a miracle/a ceremony做实验/创奇迹/举行仪式 perform a(n)…role in... 在……中起……作用 perform magic tricks 表演魔术 perform on the flute 吹奏长笛 perform well/badly 运转良好/不好 (2)performance n. 表演；演奏 give/put on a performance 演出 a fine/great performance 出色的演出 (3)performer n. 演奏者；表演者 a brilliant performer 一位卓越的表演者 【写作佳句】She performed all her duties conscientiously. 她认真负责地履行自己的所有职责。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Come and see him in ________(perform) with the new band. 2. He began acting with the confidence of a brilliant ________(perform). 完成句子 3.他在这次志愿活动中发挥了重要的作用。 He ________________________________ this voluntary activity. 知识点10 in addition to 除……以外(还)，另外，加之 【教材原句】In addition to the amazing martial arts, the film also took advantage of China's beautiful mountains, forests and deserts. (教材P5) 除了令人惊叹的武术，这部电影还利用了中国美丽的山脉、森林和沙漠。 【拓展】 (1)addition n. 增添；添加 (2)add vt. 增加；添加；加；补充说；继续说 add...to... 把……添加到…… add to增加，加强 [名师点津] in addition “除此之外，另外”，单独使用时作状语，可用于句首、句中或句末。用于句首或句中时，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开；in addition to “另外，加之，除……以外(还)”，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词。 【写作佳句】In addition to Wang Fang, two other students in our class also got an award in the maths contest. 除了王芳之外, 我们班还有两名学生在这次数学竞赛中获了奖。 【经典练】 完成句子 1. I can post the letter for you. ________________(此外), doing some walking does me good. 2. ________________(除了游泳), she likes playing the guitar. 3. The trees planted after the war ________________(增加) the beauty of the city. 4. This is not only necessary, but it also ________ variety ________(把……添加到……) his teaching. 知识点11 adapt vt. 改编，改写；使适应vi. 适应 【教材原句】In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. (教材P6) 1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成动画片，它被广泛认为是一部经典之作。 【拓展】 (1)adapt sth. from　根据……改编某物 be adapted for 为……而改写/改编 (2)adapt oneself to 使某人自己适应…… adapt… to… 使……适应…… adapt to 适合; 适应 (3)adaptation n. 适应; 改编; 改编本 【写作佳句】The film is adapted from a play of the same title. 这部电影改编自一部同名戏剧。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. During the one­month stay, I had to adapt myself ________ their American lifestyles and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture. 2. She is a famous romantic novelist. Three of her novels have been adapted ________ TV plays. 完成句子 3. 她的小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。 Three of her novels ________________ television. 知识点12 regard vt. 将……认为, 看待; 注视 【教材原句】In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. (教材P6) 1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成动画片，它被广泛认为是一部经典之作。 【拓展】 (1)regard...as 把……看作 (2)in this/that regard 在这/那方面；在这/那一点上 give sb. my regards＝give my best regards to sb. 请代我问候某人；请代我向某人致意 in regard to/as regards/regarding 关于，至于 (3)regardless adv. 不顾后果地；不加理会 regardless of 不管，不顾 【写作佳句】Regardless of great challenges，David was determined to take part in the running race to live up to his teacher’s expectation. In spite of/Despite an unexpected fall during the race, he jumped to his feet and dashed towards the finish line. With/In regard to the result, David won an award for his strong will. 尽管面临着巨大的挑战，为了不辜负老师的期望，大卫还是决定参加跑步比赛。尽管在比赛中意外摔倒，他还是跳了起来，冲向了终点线。至于结果，大卫因他坚强的意志而获奖。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I wrote a letter ________(regard) my daughter’s school examinations. 2.Human life is regarded ________ part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 3. Please give my best ________(regard) to other friends who come to the dinner. 完成句子 4.不管他们同不同意，我都去。 I shall go ________________ whether they agree or not. 知识点13 cure n. 药物, 疗法; 治疗 vt. 治好 【教材原句】The Prince has given up hope of a cure but his wife, Elizabeth, takes him to see Lionel Logue, an Australian speech doctor living in London. (教材P9) 亲王已经放弃了治愈的希望, 但他的妻子伊丽莎白带他去看莱昂内尔·洛格医生, 一位住在伦敦的澳大利亚语言治疗师。 【拓展】 (1)a cure for... ……的一种疗法 beyond cure不可救药 (2)cure sb. (of sth.) 治愈某人(的病等)；纠正/消除某人(的弊病等) (3)curable adj. 可治愈的 【写作佳句】The person I respect most is my English teacher who patiently helped to cure me of my bad learning habits. 我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他耐心地帮助我改正了不良的学习习惯。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Now doctors believe they have cured him ________ the disease. 2. Scientists around the world are working hard to discover a cure ________ cancer. 完成句子 这种新药将能治好他的皮肤病。 This new medicine will ________________ his skin disease. 知识点14 recommend vt. 推荐, 举荐; 劝告, 建议 【教材原句】All in all, I highly recommend this film. (教材P9) 总之，我强烈推荐这部电影。 【拓展】 (1)recommend sth. to sb. 　向某人推荐某物 recommend sb. as… 推荐某人担任…… recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend sb. to do sth. 推荐某人做某事 recommend that… =It is recommended that… 建议…… (2)recommendation n. 推荐, 建议 【点津】recommend后接从句时, 从句谓语动词要用(should)do结构。 【写作佳句】The tourist attraction I strongly recommend is Mount Tai located in the middle of Shandong Province. 我强烈推荐的旅游胜地是位于山东省中部的泰山。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He recommended ________(read) the book before seeing the movie. 2. I would like to recommend this book ________ those who are interested in travelling. 3. --Who recommended Nancy ________ the job? --It was Jones who admires her very much. 句型转换 4. I recommend the machines to be checked as soon as possible.  →I ________________________________ checked as soon as possible.  知识点15 major adj. 主要的, 重要的 n. 专业vi. 主修 【教材原句】He sees, and sometimes influences, some of the major events of the United States in the second half of the 20th century. (教材P11) 20世纪下半叶美国社会发生的一些重大事件, 他是亲历者。 【拓展】 (1)major in　　主修 (2)majority n. 多数; 大半 in the majority 占大多数 (3)minor adj. 较小的; 次要的 minority n. 少数; 少数民族 in the minority 占少数 【写作佳句】I am always weak in math in high school, so I think I will choose to major in literature in college. 我在高中数学一直很差, 所以我认为我在大学会选文学专业。  【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Nadia said she wanted to major ________ English in college and hoped to be a translator in the future. 2. The ________(major) of people interviewed prefer reading books to watching TV. 完成句子 3.作为主修英语语言的毕业生，我很高兴申请这个职位。 As a graduate ________________________________ the English language, I feel excited to apply for the position. 二、语法清单 主谓一致 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考主语与谓语在数上的关系 1. The sounds of different animals, including a baby elephant and a tiger, were mixed by a computer to make a dinosaur roar. 2. The sound of the doors opening in the Star Trek films was made simply by pulling a sheet of paper out of an envelope. 3. What we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making. 4. Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of which takes place behind the scenes. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、语法一致原则 　　此原则是指在语法形式上取得一致, 谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。 1. 可数名词单数、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语及表示时间、金钱、度量衡等概念的名词作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数形式。 【点津】what引导的主语从句充当主语时, 有时要以what所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。 2. 由连接词and或both. . . and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数形式。 【点津】(1)and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数。(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no, each, every, many a等修饰, 谓语动词要用单数。 3. “名词+as well as, rather than, like, but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, in addition to+ 名词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一致。 4. “more than one或many a + 单数名词”作主语时, 尽管其意义为复数, 但谓语动词还是用单数形式。 5. 不定代词either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every与thing, body, one构成的复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 【点津】“none of+名词”的主谓一致 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词, 它的谓语动词就要用单数形式; 若它后面的名词是复数, 它的谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以。 6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时, 其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 7. 在定语从句中, 关系代词that, who, which等作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 【点津】“one of +复数名词+who/which/that” 引导的定语从句中, 若关系代词在定语从句中充当主语, 谓语动词常用复数形式。若one 前有the only/very/right 修饰时, 从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。 8. 由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时, 如glasses, spectacles, shoes, boots, trousers/pants, compasses, chopsticks, scissors, socks等, 谓语动词通常用复数, 但当这类词被a pair of修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。 9. “kind/form/type/sort/species/series +of + 名词” 作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 【经典练】 I.语法填空 1. He cares so little about his meals that ________ will do so long as it fills his stomach. 2. Being exposed to English frequently ________(able) us to have a good command of this language. 3. Walking upright ________(make) it easy to find food or guard against enemies. 4. About three-fifths of the work ________(be) done yesterday. 5. Being at the right place at the right time ________(be) decisive in any style of photography. 6. Doing housework ________(be) hard task for him. 7. Living in a boarding school ________(make) me independent, which has a great effect on me. 8. To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, ________(be) foolish. 9. Listening to loud music ________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers by now. 10. In Thursday’s Science Workshop, students tried different experiments with great interest. The most popular ________ was “planets in a bottle”. II.完成句子 1. As is shown in the chart, ________________________________. 如图所示，大约65%的学生支持网上学习。 2. 散布民族之间不和谐信息的行为是愚蠢的。 To spread ________________________________. 3. Eating too much sugar ________________ your teeth. 吃太多的糖对你的牙齿有害。 4. Two-fifths of the country ________________________________. 这个国家的五分之二的国土被森林所覆盖。 5. 为了学好汉语，每天阅读有趣的汉语新闻对于来自美国的交换生来说很重要。 To learn Chinese well, reading interesting Chinese news every day ________________________________ . 二、意义一致原则 　　此原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式根据主语的意义而不是形式决定。当主语形式为单数, 而意义为复数时, 谓语动词要用复数形式; 当主语形式为复数, 而意义却为单数时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 1. 有些名词, 如people, cattle, police, trousers等, 没有单数形式, 作主语时, 谓语动词只能用复数。 2. 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时, 应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式, 这类名词常见的有sheep, deer, fish, means, species, Chinese, Japanese, series等。 3. 有些集体名词, 如public, family, enemy, audience, government, group, committee, team, media, staff, crew等作主语时, 谓语动词的数要根据其表示的意义而定。如果该名词表示一个整体, 其谓语动词用单数形式; 但当这些集体名词表示集体中的若干个体时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 4. “the +形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时, 谓语动词用复数形式; 当“the + 形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 5. 有些以s结尾表示学科名称的词, 如physics, mathematics, economics, politics等, 以及用作书名、地名、国名、地区名的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 6. 表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时, 如作为一个整体来看待的话, 谓语动词通常用单数。 7. “a number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式; “the number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually two or three cents ________(charge)... 2. As is reported in the newspaper, the number of people who ________(go) hungry has been greatly reduced. 3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land ________(be) being washed away each year. 4. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain ________(be) about 1.8million. 5. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which ________(name) officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 6. Our teacher tells us that physics ________(be) a fundamental subject in science. 7. Do you know when the professor and the writer ________(be) to come to give us a speech? 8. Every boy and every girl in our country ________(receive) free education. 9. Now the number of people in the city ________(be) more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 4 million. 10. The number of traffic accidents that ________(happen) in developing countries ________(increase). 二、完成句子 1. 司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。 The driver rushed ________________ to the hospital immediately, ignoring the traffic signals all the way. 2. 我们的城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。（无生命名词作主语） ________________________________ in our city. 3. To my surprise, physics ________________________________. 令我惊讶的是，物理是她最喜欢的科目。 4. The police ________________________________ a tall dark man with a beard. 警方正在寻找一个高个子、皮肤黝黑、留着胡子的人。 5. The number of students participating in the project ________________________________ over the next few days. (expect) 预计在未来几天里，参与该项目的学生数量将会进一步增加。 三、就近一致原则 　　此原则是指谓语动词的人称和数须与邻近的主语保持一致。 1. 在there be 结构、here 以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首引起的倒装句中, 谓语动词的人称和数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。 2. 当either. . . or. . . ; neither. . . nor. . . ; not only. . . but also. . . ; not. . . but. . . ; or; nor等并列连词连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的人称和数应与邻近的主语保持一致。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. Not only the students but also the teacher ________(be) fond of sport. 2. Not only ________ I, in the activity, tried something new, but it allows me to take on responsibility. 3. Not only the students but also the teacher ________(show) a great interest in playing football. 4. There ________(be) more than 3,300 public libraries providing this “library’s new O2O (online to offline) path” so far, which reduces the “time cost” for readers significantly and allows them “to realize that reading is a handy part of people’s everyday lives”. 5. At the moment, there ________(be) 9,300 openings for nurses across the state, Hochul noted as she hinted that the program may be expanded in the near future. 6. Here ________(be) this challenging student who had a reputation for single-mindedness and good grades——the exact opposite of me. 7. Not only Tom but also I ________(see) the new movie tomorrow. 8. You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there ________(be) always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. 9. I think either you or she ________(be) wrong, and you'd better go and say sorry to her. 10. There ________(be) a girl, two boys and two old men sitting in the square. 二、完成句子 1. 他的妈妈和爸爸都不会讲英语。 ________________________________ speaks English. 2. 不仅你，你哥哥也愿意向这个基金捐款。 ________________________________ willing to donate money to the fund. 3. 在这次活动中，我们不仅将从河里收集垃圾，而且我们还将沿着道路种植一些树木和鲜花。（not only... but also句式） In this activity, we will ________________________________ we’re expected to plant some trees and flowers along the road. 4. 你可以用中文或英文写你在中国印象最深的事情。(either...or句式) You can write in ________________________________ about what impresses you most in China. 5. 我真的希望我们都尽我们最大的努力使我们的地球宜人和平，不仅是为了野生动物，也是为了我们人类。(not only…but also…) I do hope we all try our best to make our earth pleasant and peaceful, ________________________________. 三、写作清单 写一篇影评 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是写一篇影评。影评属于夹叙夹议文或议论文。这种文体主要是以一般现在时介绍剧情内容并就自己感兴趣的情节发表观点。影评要求评论者就影片特点进行评论，叙议结合。 影评一般注意以下几点： 第一部分是简介，包括故事的背景(setting)，故事情节(plot)和人物角色(characters)等。 第二部分是评论，就影片中自己感兴趣和有价值的故事情节发表观点，可有选择性地就电影的结构、节奏、演员角色等方面展开评论，最后也可对电影进行总体评价。 【积累·写作素材】 1. ...is a movie about... 2. The movie is set in a big city called London. 3. I really enjoy... 4. One interesting anecdote contained in the film is that... 5. My favourite film is... 6. It is the male character that interests us most. 7. The film is full of special effects. 8. Even with these slight drawbacks，it is still a great film. 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，你校英文爱好者协会准备在“电影周”期间展播一部英文电影。请你根据提示，给该协会负责人Ted写一封信，向他推荐美国电影《马戏之王》(The Greatest Showman)，并对该电影进行评论。 类型 人物传记 上映日期 2018年2月1日 导演 迈克尔·格雷西(Michael Gracey) 剧情简介 P.T.巴纳姆(P.T.Barnum)依靠自己的想象力和锲而不舍的精神，从经营博物馆做起，开创了世界上第一家马戏团 教育意义 …… 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。 Dear Ted, I'm writing to recommend The Greatest Showman to you for our school Film Week. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to your consideration of this film. Yours, Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 影评--推荐并评论美国电影《马戏之王》 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时，一般过去时为主 框架 第一段：电影简介。 第二段：情节介绍。 第三段：对电影的评价。 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1.发行；上映 ________________ 2.激励 ________________ 3.描述 ________________ 4.某人下定决心做某事 ________________ 5.教育性的和启发性的 ________________ 句子翻译 1.《马戏之王》是一部著名的美国传记片，导演是迈克尔·格雷西。 The Greatest Showman is a famous American biography film and ________________ is Michael Gracey. 2.该影片于2018年2月1日上映。 The film ________________ Feb.1st, 2018. 3.这部电影鼓励我们无论遇到什么困难都要追求成功。 The film ________________ chase success no matter what difficulties there are. 4.它对我们学生很有教育意义和启发性。 It is ________________ to us students. 第三步：词句升级 5.利用分词短语将句①和句②合并为一个简单句。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 利用高级词汇motivate，whatever和obstacle将句③和句④合并为一个句子。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Ted, I'm writing to recommend The Greatest Showman to you for our school Film Week. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to your consideration of this film. Yours, Li Hua ( 19 / 19 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Lights, camera and action! 单词 1. type n. 类型，种类 vt. & vi. 打字 2. comedy n. 喜剧片，喜剧 3. documentary n. 纪录片，纪实节目 adj. 文件的；纪录的 4. fantasy n. 幻想作品；幻想，想象 5. horror n. 恐怖电影(或故事等)；震惊，恐惧→horrible adj. 可怕的；令人恐惧的 6. romance n. 爱情故事；浪漫史；爱情→romantic adj. 浪漫的；爱情的；(Romantic)浪漫主义的 7. fiction n. 小说；虚构的事 8. actually adv. 实际上，事实上→actual adj. 真实的；实际的 9. brief adj. 简洁的，简单的；短时间的→briefly adv. 简洁地，简单地 10. familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的→unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的→familiariz(s)e v. (使)熟悉，了解，通晓→familiarity n. 熟悉，通晓，认识 11. factor n. 因素，要素 12. dinosaur n. 恐龙 13. roar n. & vi. 咆哮，吼叫 14. sheet n. 一张(纸)；床单，被单；薄片 15. envelope n. 信封 16. attach vt. 认为有重要性，重视；把……固定，附上→attachment n. 附件；附属物；依恋→attached adj. 依恋的，爱慕的；附属的 17. visual adj. 视力的，视觉的 18. frequently adv. 频繁地，经常→frequent adj. 频繁的，经常的 v. 常去，常到(某处)→frequency n. 频率，频繁 19. studio n. 电影摄影棚；录音室 20. enable vt. 使能够，使可行→able adj. 有能力的→ability n. 能力 21. aid n. vt. & vi. 帮助；援助 22. prefer vt. 较喜欢，更喜欢→preference n. 偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物 23. creative adj. 创造性的，创作的；有创造力的→create v. 创造；创作；产生→creation n. 创造；创建；作品→creator n. 创造者，创作者；造物主 24. approach n. 方法；接近，靠近 vt. 接近，靠近；处理 25. angle n. 角度；立场，观点 26. prop n. 道具；支柱，支撑物 27. revise vt. 改变，修改；修订；复习→revision n. 复习 28. historian n. 史学工作者，历史学家→history n. 历史→historical adj. 有关历史的→historic adj. 有历史意义的 29. ensure vt. 保证，确保→assure v. 向……保证，使确信 30. Atlantic adj. 大西洋的 31. ocean n. 大洋，海洋 32. lecture n. 讲座，演讲；教训，训斥 vi. 开讲座，讲课 vt. 指责，训斥 33. justice n. 公平，公正；公道，合理 34. iceberg n. 冰山 35. dragon n. 龙 36. award n. 奖，奖品，奖金 vt. 授予，给予 37. audience n. 观众，听众 38. perform vt. 做，履行；表演 vi. 工作，运转；表演→performance n. 表演；表现；执行；性能→performer n. 演员；表演者 39. location n. 外景拍摄地；地方，地点→locate v. 把……安置在；确定……的位置 40. martial adj. 战争的，军事的 41. martial art 武术 42. desert n. 沙漠，荒漠 43. jungle n. 丛林，密林 44. title n. 名称，标题；称号；职位名称 45. adapt vt. 改编，改写；使适应 vi. 适应→adaptation n. 改编本；适应→adaptable adj. 可改编的；能适应的 46. regard vt. 将……认为，看待；注视 47. classic n. 经典作品，名著 adj. 经典的；古典的→classical adj. 古典的；经典的 48. super adj. 极好的，了不起的，超级的 49. solution n. 解决方法，处理手段；答案→solve v. 解决；处理 50. onto prep. 向，朝 51. system n. 系统；制度，体制→systematic adj. 系统化的，有条理的→systematically adv. 有条理地 52. cure n. 药物，疗法；治疗 vt. 治好→curable adj. 可以治愈的→incurable adj. 不能治愈的 53. eventually adv. 最后，终于 54. typical adj. 典型的，有代表性的→typically adv. 典型地；有代表性地；通常 55. fancy adj. 复杂的；花哨的；昂贵的 vt. 想要，想做；倾慕 56. narrow adj. 狭窄的；勉强的；狭隘的 vt. & vi. (使)窄小，缩小 57. recommend vt. 推荐，举荐；劝告，建议→recommendation n. 推荐；建议；介绍信 58. personality n. 性格，个性；气质→personal adj. 个人的；人际的；个性的→personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自 59. despite prep. 即使，尽管 60. major adj. 主要的，重要的→majority n. 大部分；大多数→(反)minority n. 少数；少数民族 61. event n. 事件；活动 62. wave vi. & vt. 挥手，招手；挥舞 n. 海浪；大量涌现 63. recollect vt. & vi. 记起，回忆起 64. recall vt. & vi. 回想，回忆起 65. angel n. 天使；善人 66. dandy adj. 非常好的，极佳的 67. crooked adj. 不直的，弯曲的 68. arrow n. 箭；箭头 69. pea n. 豌豆 短语 1. science fiction 科幻电影(或小说等) 2. behind the scenes 在后台，在幕后 3. not to mention 更不用说，且不说 4. do justice to 恰当处理(某人或某事)；公平对待(某人或某事)，给予公正的评价 5. in addition to 除……以外(还) 6. pull up 停车，停止 7. a huge amount of 大量的 8. take place 发生 9. be familiar with 对……熟悉 10. attach great importance to 认为……十分重要 11. separate from... 与……分开 12. contribute to 促成，导致 13. make efforts to do... 努力做…… 14. be regarded as... 被看作…… 熟词生义 1. What makes me annoyed is that he is always lecturing me about my behavior. vt. 训斥 2. I feel greatly honored to deliver a lecture which is designed for senior three students.(应用文写作之演讲稿) n. 讲座，演讲 3. So that’s it? You’ve come all the way from London to give me a lecture? n. 教训 4. The gap between the two teams has narrowed to three points. vt.（使）窄小；缩小 5. We were told that the young man had won the election by a narrow majority. adj. 勉强的 6.Though there are several historical relics in the area，it could only be accessible by a narrow road. adj. 狭窄的 7. Their first album was titled “Ocean Drive”. 加标题，定题目 8. It is announced that the 800 meters race is the fourth event of the afternoon. (体育运动的)比赛项目 9. If the line segment angled down，as between Day 4 and Day 5，it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. 斜移，斜置 10. What do you charge for this type of work? n.类型,种类 11. She is not the type to be unfaithful. n. 具有某种特征的人 12. How fast can you type? v. 打字 13. The important words are in bold type. n. 字体 14. It is absolutely necessary to type the patient’s blood before a blood transfusion. vt. 测定 句型 1.whatever 引导让步状语从句 Whatever your answer is, there’s always a lot more to it than first meets the eye. 无论你们的答案是什么，它(电影)都远比你第一眼看到的更为复杂。 2.“代词＋of which”引导非限制性定语从句 Actually，the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of which takes place behind the scenes. 事实上，你在银幕上看到的电影是大量艰苦工作的产物，其中大部分工作发生在幕后。 3. with复合结构 The Quidditch scenes in the Harry Potter films were made in this way with the actors jumping up and down in front of a green screen. “哈利·波特”系列电影中魁地奇比赛的场景就是通过演员在绿幕前上下跳跃这种方式制作的。 4. as引导原因状语从句 As green doesn’t match any natural hair or skin colour, actors can be easily separated from the background. 因为绿色与任何自然的人类发色或肤色都不同，演员可以轻易地与背景分离。 5. 不定式短语作目的状语 To make a film look real, great effort must sometimes be made to research，find and build objects. 为了使一部电影看起来真实，有时必须付出巨大的努力去研究、发现和建造一些物体。 6. It takes/took sb some time to do...某人花……时间做某事 It took 500 workers 100 days to build the fine model, not to mention the thousands of props inside. 制作这个精致的模型花了500 名工人100 天的时间， 更不用说内部还有成千上万的道具了。 7. do/does/did强调谓语动词 But, I do remember the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world. 但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。 语法 主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则 3. 就近一致原则 一、词汇清单 知识点1 brief adj. 简洁的，简单的；短时间的 n. 摘要；简报 【教材原句】Today, I'll give you a brief introduction to some aspects of film­making you might not be familiar with. (教材P2) 今天，我将就电影制作中你们可能不太熟悉的一些方面做一个简单的介绍。 【拓展】 (1)to be brief 简言之 in brief 简言之；一言以蔽之 be brief and to the point 简明扼要 (2)briefly adv.简略地；短暂地 briefly speaking 简而言之 【写作佳句】You'd better have a brief understanding of the history, which makes it easy for you to go through the class. 你最好对历史有一个简单的了解，这样你就可以很容易地完成这门课程。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. To be brief, she was satisfied with the result. 2.To begin with，I'd like to tell briefly(brief) the importance of the work. 完成句子 3.总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式。 In brief, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise. 知识点2 familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的 【教材原句】Today, I'll give you a brief introduction to some aspects of film­making you might not be familiar with. (教材P2) 今天，我将就电影制作中你们可能不太熟悉的一些方面做一个简单的介绍。 【拓展】 (1)be familiar with对……熟悉(主语一般是人) be familiar to对……来说是熟悉的(主语一般是物) (2)unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的 familiarity n. 熟悉，精通 familiarly adv.亲密地；不拘礼地，随便地 【写作佳句】I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. 我熟悉大卫面临的挑战, 也为他坚定的决心感到骄傲。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The name of Yao Ming is familiar to most Chinese. That’s to say, most Chinese people are familiar with the name of Yao Ming.  2. His familiarity(familiar) with German made me amazed.  3. He was likely to be unfamiliar(familiar) with you, so he didn’t say hello to you. 完成句子 我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。 I am not familiar with European history. →European history is not familiar to me. 知识点3 attach vt. 认为有重要性，重视；把……固定，附上 【教材原句】Another aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects. (教材P3) 我认为很重要的另一个方面是视觉特效。 【拓展】 (1)attach importance/significance/value to 认为……重要/有意义/有价值 attach…to… 把……固定到/附/贴在……上 attach oneself to sb. 　与某人在一起; 缠着某人 (2)attached adj. 依恋的; 附加的 (be)attached to 附属于; 依恋 【写作佳句】My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.   我的父母总是很重视我接受良好的教育。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. At one time the schools were mainly attached(attach) to the church. 2. To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming(become) rich and famous. 3. The little girl is attached to her English teacher. 句式升级 4. My sister sent me an email last night and some of her photos were attached to it. (with复合结构) →My sister sent me an email last night with some of her photos attached to it. 知识点4 enable vt. 使能够，使可行 【教材原句】This enables CGI effects to be added later. (教材P3) 这样可以在以后添加CGI效果。 【拓展】 (1)enable sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 (2)able adj. 能够……的；有能力的 be able to do sth. 能够做某事 (3)ability n. 能力 have the ability to do sth. 有做某事的能力 【写作佳句】We should dare to face failure, which enables us to learn from mistakes. 我们要敢于面对失败，它能让我们从错误中吸取教训。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Regular exercise and a balanced diet enable students to perform(perform) well in study. 2. The digital age also enables(able) us to find people who share our interests. 3. A boss should have different talents and abilities(ability). 完成句子 4.这使我们能够解决能源短缺问题。 This enables us to solve the problem of energy shortages. 知识点5 aid n. vt & vi. 帮助; 援助 【教材原句】However, the aid of computers isn’t always preferred. (教材P3) 不过, 计算机辅助并不总是受到青睐。 【拓展】 come/go to one's aid 来/去帮助某人 first aid 急救 in aid of 为了帮助…… with the aid of 借助……的帮助 【写作佳句】 Please come here to aid me to clean/in cleaning the room. 请过来帮我打扫房间。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We may travel with the aid of a good map，which can save much trouble. 2. He collected money in aid of the charity. 3. They all came to my aid when I met with difficulties. 完成句子 我不会说德语, 但一个好心人过来帮了我的忙。 I couldn’t speak German, but a kind man came to my aid. 知识点6 prefer vt. 较喜欢, 更喜欢 【教材原句】However，the aid of computers isn't always preferred. (教材P3) 然而，计算机的帮助并不总是首选。 【拓展】 (1)prefer doing/to do sth. 　 更喜欢做某事 prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 喜欢(做)A而不喜欢(做)B prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. =would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁可做某事也不做某事 prefer that… (should) do sth. 宁愿…… (2)preference n. 喜爱, 偏爱 have a preference for… 偏爱…… [名师点津]　 (1)prefer不用于进行时。 (2)prefer相当于like better，所以prefer不可与比较级连用。(3)在prefer to...结构中，to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形；在prefer...to...结构中，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 【写作佳句】Many people prefer paper bags to plastic ones because they are environmentally friendly. 与塑料袋相比, 许多人更喜欢纸袋, 因为它们环保。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I like my coffee black, while my mum has no clear preference(prefer).  2. We can eat out if you like, but I would prefer staying/to stay(stay) at home. 完成句子 3.如果你不介意的话, 我宁愿你在那个公共汽车站等我。  I would prefer you to wait for me at the bus stop if you don’t mind. 知识点7 approach n. 方法; 接近, 靠近　vt. 接近, 靠近; 处理 【教材原句】Peter Jackson, director of The Lord of the Rings films, took a creative approach... (教材P3) 《指环王》系列电影的导演彼得·杰克逊采用了一种创造性的方法…… 【拓展】 an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法 adopt/take an approach 采取一种方法 at one's approach 在某人接近/靠近时 at the approach of... 临近/接近……时 【写作佳句】As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate this important day. 随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举办一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. At the meeting they discussed different approaches to the study of maths. 2. All the approaches you thought of to solving(solve) the problem are very reasonable. 完成句子 那位新老师教英语的方法很有趣。 The new teacher’s approach to teaching English is very interesting. 知识点8 award n. 奖, 奖品, 奖金 vt. 授予, 给予 【教材原句】It has won many awards, including an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. (教材P2) 它赢得了许多奖项，包括奥斯卡最佳外语片奖。 【拓展】 (1)the first award/prize/place　一等奖; 第一名 win/get/receive an award for… 因……赢得/获得/得到奖项 (2)award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 为某人颁发某物 【写作佳句】She won the first award/prize/place in the poetry reading competition. 她在这次诗歌朗诵比赛中获得了一等奖。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He received an award for his high academic achievement. 2. The first prize was awarded to the youngest competitor. 完成句子 校长给获胜者颁发了一枚金牌。 The headmaster awarded the winner a gold medal. =The headmaster awarded a gold medal to the winner. 知识点9 perform vi. 表演; 工作, 运转　vt. 表演; 做, 履行 【教材原句】However, the film's director, Ang Lee, preferred to have actors perform on location. (教材P5) 然而，电影导演李安更喜欢演员在现场表演。 【拓展】 (1)perform an experiment/a miracle/a ceremony做实验/创奇迹/举行仪式 perform a(n)…role in... 在……中起……作用 perform magic tricks 表演魔术 perform on the flute 吹奏长笛 perform well/badly 运转良好/不好 (2)performance n. 表演；演奏 give/put on a performance 演出 a fine/great performance 出色的演出 (3)performer n. 演奏者；表演者 a brilliant performer 一位卓越的表演者 【写作佳句】She performed all her duties conscientiously. 她认真负责地履行自己的所有职责。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Come and see him in performance(perform) with the new band. 2. He began acting with the confidence of a brilliant performer(perform). 完成句子 3.他在这次志愿活动中发挥了重要的作用。 He performed an important role in this voluntary activity. 知识点10 in addition to 除……以外(还)，另外，加之 【教材原句】In addition to the amazing martial arts, the film also took advantage of China's beautiful mountains, forests and deserts. (教材P5) 除了令人惊叹的武术，这部电影还利用了中国美丽的山脉、森林和沙漠。 【拓展】 (1)addition n. 增添；添加 (2)add vt. 增加；添加；加；补充说；继续说 add...to... 把……添加到…… add to增加，加强 [名师点津] in addition “除此之外，另外”，单独使用时作状语，可用于句首、句中或句末。用于句首或句中时，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开；in addition to “另外，加之，除……以外(还)”，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词。 【写作佳句】In addition to Wang Fang, two other students in our class also got an award in the maths contest. 除了王芳之外, 我们班还有两名学生在这次数学竞赛中获了奖。 【经典练】 完成句子 1. I can post the letter for you. In addition/Besides(此外), doing some walking does me good. 2. In addition to swimming(除了游泳), she likes playing the guitar. 3. The trees planted after the war added to(增加) the beauty of the city. 4. This is not only necessary, but it also adds variety to(把……添加到……) his teaching. 知识点11 adapt vt. 改编，改写；使适应vi. 适应 【教材原句】In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. (教材P6) 1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成动画片，它被广泛认为是一部经典之作。 【拓展】 (1)adapt sth. from　根据……改编某物 be adapted for 为……而改写/改编 (2)adapt oneself to 使某人自己适应…… adapt… to… 使……适应…… adapt to 适合; 适应 (3)adaptation n. 适应; 改编; 改编本 【写作佳句】The film is adapted from a play of the same title. 这部电影改编自一部同名戏剧。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. During the one­month stay, I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyles and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture. 2. She is a famous romantic novelist. Three of her novels have been adapted for TV plays. 完成句子 3. 她的小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。 Three of her novels have been adapted for television. 知识点12 regard vt. 将……认为, 看待; 注视 【教材原句】In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. (教材P6) 1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成动画片，它被广泛认为是一部经典之作。 【拓展】 (1)regard...as 把……看作 (2)in this/that regard 在这/那方面；在这/那一点上 give sb. my regards＝give my best regards to sb. 请代我问候某人；请代我向某人致意 in regard to/as regards/regarding 关于，至于 (3)regardless adv. 不顾后果地；不加理会 regardless of 不管，不顾 【写作佳句】Regardless of great challenges，David was determined to take part in the running race to live up to his teacher’s expectation. In spite of/Despite an unexpected fall during the race, he jumped to his feet and dashed towards the finish line. With/In regard to the result, David won an award for his strong will. 尽管面临着巨大的挑战，为了不辜负老师的期望，大卫还是决定参加跑步比赛。尽管在比赛中意外摔倒，他还是跳了起来，冲向了终点线。至于结果，大卫因他坚强的意志而获奖。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I wrote a letter regarding(regard) my daughter’s school examinations. 2.Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 3. Please give my best regards(regard) to other friends who come to the dinner. 完成句子 4.不管他们同不同意，我都去。 I shall go regardless of whether they agree or not. 知识点13 cure n. 药物, 疗法; 治疗 vt. 治好 【教材原句】The Prince has given up hope of a cure but his wife, Elizabeth, takes him to see Lionel Logue, an Australian speech doctor living in London. (教材P9) 亲王已经放弃了治愈的希望, 但他的妻子伊丽莎白带他去看莱昂内尔·洛格医生, 一位住在伦敦的澳大利亚语言治疗师。 【拓展】 (1)a cure for... ……的一种疗法 beyond cure不可救药 (2)cure sb. (of sth.) 治愈某人(的病等)；纠正/消除某人(的弊病等) (3)curable adj. 可治愈的 【写作佳句】The person I respect most is my English teacher who patiently helped to cure me of my bad learning habits. 我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他耐心地帮助我改正了不良的学习习惯。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Now doctors believe they have cured him of the disease. 2. Scientists around the world are working hard to discover a cure for cancer. 完成句子 这种新药将能治好他的皮肤病。 This new medicine will cure him of his skin disease. 知识点14 recommend vt. 推荐, 举荐; 劝告, 建议 【教材原句】All in all, I highly recommend this film. (教材P9) 总之，我强烈推荐这部电影。 【拓展】 (1)recommend sth. to sb. 　向某人推荐某物 recommend sb. as… 推荐某人担任…… recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend sb. to do sth. 推荐某人做某事 recommend that… =It is recommended that… 建议…… (2)recommendation n. 推荐, 建议 【点津】recommend后接从句时, 从句谓语动词要用(should)do结构。 【写作佳句】The tourist attraction I strongly recommend is Mount Tai located in the middle of Shandong Province. 我强烈推荐的旅游胜地是位于山东省中部的泰山。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He recommended reading(read) the book before seeing the movie. 2. I would like to recommend this book to those who are interested in travelling. 3. --Who recommended Nancy for the job? --It was Jones who admires her very much. 句型转换 4. I recommend the machines to be checked as soon as possible.  →I recommend that the machines (should) be checked as soon as possible.  知识点15 major adj. 主要的, 重要的 n. 专业vi. 主修 【教材原句】He sees, and sometimes influences, some of the major events of the United States in the second half of the 20th century. (教材P11) 20世纪下半叶美国社会发生的一些重大事件, 他是亲历者。 【拓展】 (1)major in　　主修 (2)majority n. 多数; 大半 in the majority 占大多数 (3)minor adj. 较小的; 次要的 minority n. 少数; 少数民族 in the minority 占少数 【写作佳句】I am always weak in math in high school, so I think I will choose to major in literature in college. 我在高中数学一直很差, 所以我认为我在大学会选文学专业。  【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Nadia said she wanted to major in English in college and hoped to be a translator in the future. 2. The majority(major) of people interviewed prefer reading books to watching TV. 完成句子 3.作为主修英语语言的毕业生，我很高兴申请这个职位。 As a graduate who major in/majoring in the English language, I feel excited to apply for the position. 二、语法清单 主谓一致 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考主语与谓语在数上的关系 1. The sounds of different animals, including a baby elephant and a tiger, were mixed by a computer to make a dinosaur roar. 2. The sound of the doors opening in the Star Trek films was made simply by pulling a sheet of paper out of an envelope. 3. What we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making. 4. Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of which takes place behind the scenes. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、语法一致原则 　　此原则是指在语法形式上取得一致, 谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。 1. 可数名词单数、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语及表示时间、金钱、度量衡等概念的名词作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数形式。 【点津】what引导的主语从句充当主语时, 有时要以what所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。 2. 由连接词and或both. . . and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数形式。 【点津】(1)and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数。(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no, each, every, many a等修饰, 谓语动词要用单数。 3. “名词+as well as, rather than, like, but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, in addition to+ 名词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一致。 4. “more than one或many a + 单数名词”作主语时, 尽管其意义为复数, 但谓语动词还是用单数形式。 5. 不定代词either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every与thing, body, one构成的复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 【点津】“none of+名词”的主谓一致 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词, 它的谓语动词就要用单数形式; 若它后面的名词是复数, 它的谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以。 6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时, 其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 7. 在定语从句中, 关系代词that, who, which等作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 【点津】“one of +复数名词+who/which/that” 引导的定语从句中, 若关系代词在定语从句中充当主语, 谓语动词常用复数形式。若one 前有the only/very/right 修饰时, 从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。 8. 由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时, 如glasses, spectacles, shoes, boots, trousers/pants, compasses, chopsticks, scissors, socks等, 谓语动词通常用复数, 但当这类词被a pair of修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。 9. “kind/form/type/sort/species/series +of + 名词” 作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 【经典练】 I.语法填空 1. He cares so little about his meals that ________ will do so long as it fills his stomach. 【答案】anything 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：他对饮食毫不在意，只要能填饱肚子，任何东西都行。根据前文“He cares so little about his meals (他对饮食毫不在意)”可知，此处表示“任何东西”都可以，应用不定代词anything。故填anything。 2. Being exposed to English frequently ________(able) us to have a good command of this language. 【答案】enables 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：经常接触英语使我们能够很好地掌握这门语言。分析句子可知，所给词“able”是形容词，意为“有能力的”，而句中缺少谓语动词，需将其转换为动词形式。“enable”是动词，意为“使能够”，符合句意，句子主语“Being exposed to English frequently”是动名词短语，视为单数，且句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“enables”。故填enables。 3. Walking upright ________(make) it easy to find food or guard against enemies. 【答案】makes 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：直立行走使寻找食物或防范敌人变得容易。题干描述客观情况，要用一般现在时。Walking upright是V-ing结构作主语，谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 4. About three-fifths of the work ________(be) done yesterday. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：昨天大约完成了五分之三的工作。当“百分数、分数+名词或代词”作主语时，要根据名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的数形式，句中名词 the work 为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。主语 work与动词 do 是被动关系。故填was。 5. Being at the right place at the right time ________(be) decisive in any style of photography. 【答案】is 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在任何摄影风格中，在正确的时间出现在正确的地点都是决定性的。句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语是单个动名词短语，be动词应用is。故填is。 6. Doing housework ________(be) hard task for him. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：做家务对他来说是一项艰巨的任务。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，因此空格处是is，故填is。 7. Living in a boarding school ________(make) me independent, which has a great effect on me. 【答案】makes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：住在寄宿学校使我变得独立，这对我有很大的影响。根据has可知，此处描述现在的一般事实，应用一般现在时。主语是Living in a boarding school，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故填makes。 8. To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, ________(be) foolish. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：像你们中的许多人一样，对事实视而不见，这是愚蠢的。根据do可知，句子使用一般现在时，且动词不定式短语To shut your eyes to facts是主语，表示单一行为，be动词使用is。故填is。 9. Listening to loud music ________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers by now. 【答案】has caused 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，听大声的音乐已经导致了一些青少年的听力丧失。根据时间状语by now可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。主语是Listening to loud music，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has caused。 10. In Thursday’s Science Workshop, students tried different experiments with great interest. The most popular ________ was “planets in a bottle”. 【答案】one 【详解】考查代词。句意：在周四的科学研讨会上，学生们饶有兴致地尝试了各种实验。其中最受欢迎的实验是“瓶中行星”。此处用one指代前文提到的experiment，避免重复，句意为 “最受欢迎的一个（实验）是‘瓶中行星’”，故填one。 II.完成句子 1. As is shown in the chart, ________________________________. 如图所示，大约65%的学生支持网上学习。 【答案】about 65 percent of the students argue for studying online 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和主谓一致。“大约65%的学生”作主语，可用“about 65 percent of the students”来表达；谓语“支持”可以用动词短语“argue for”表示，结合从句时态可知，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态，且“百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与其后名词保持一致，“students”是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；宾语“网上学习”可用动名词短语studying online作argue for宾语。故填about 65 percent of the students argue for studying online。 2. 散布民族之间不和谐信息的行为是愚蠢的。 To spread ________________________________. 【答案】the disharmony between the peoples is foolish 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致、名词以及介词短语。本句描述客观情况，要用一般现在时。本句以动词不定式作主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。“不和谐信息的行为”用the disharmony表示，“民族之间”用介词短语作后置定语，翻译成between the peoples。“是”用is表示，“愚蠢的”翻译成 foolish。故填the disharmony between the peoples is foolish。 3. Eating too much sugar ________________ your teeth. 吃太多的糖对你的牙齿有害。 【答案】is harmful to 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。设空处意思是对……有害，用固定短语be harmful to，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为动名词，be动词用is，故填is harmful to。 4. Two-fifths of the country ________________________________. 这个国家的五分之二的国土被森林所覆盖。 【答案】is covered with green trees 【详解】考查主谓一致和固定短语。本句时态应用一般现在时来陈述客观事实，表示“被……所覆盖”可用短语be covered with，为一般现在时的被动语态，分数Two-fifths修饰的名词the country是单数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即be动词用is；表示“森林”可用短语green trees，使用复数形式作介词with的宾语。故答案为is covered with green trees。 5. 为了学好汉语，每天阅读有趣的汉语新闻对于来自美国的交换生来说很重要。 To learn Chinese well, reading interesting Chinese news every day ________________________________ . 【答案】is important for exchange students from America 【详解】考查主谓一致和名词短语。根据句意，此处为“reading interesting Chinese news every day”作主语，用 “be + 形容词 + for sb.”结构。“重要的”翻译为 important，“来自美国的交换生”翻译为 exchange students from America。句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 is important for exchange students from America。　 二、意义一致原则 　　此原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式根据主语的意义而不是形式决定。当主语形式为单数, 而意义为复数时, 谓语动词要用复数形式; 当主语形式为复数, 而意义却为单数时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 1. 有些名词, 如people, cattle, police, trousers等, 没有单数形式, 作主语时, 谓语动词只能用复数。 2. 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时, 应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式, 这类名词常见的有sheep, deer, fish, means, species, Chinese, Japanese, series等。 3. 有些集体名词, 如public, family, enemy, audience, government, group, committee, team, media, staff, crew等作主语时, 谓语动词的数要根据其表示的意义而定。如果该名词表示一个整体, 其谓语动词用单数形式; 但当这些集体名词表示集体中的若干个体时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 4. “the +形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时, 谓语动词用复数形式; 当“the + 形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 5. 有些以s结尾表示学科名称的词, 如physics, mathematics, economics, politics等, 以及用作书名、地名、国名、地区名的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 6. 表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时, 如作为一个整体来看待的话, 谓语动词通常用单数。 7. “a number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式; “the number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually two or three cents ________(charge)... 【答案】was charged 【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：起初，单份的价格很少是一便士——通常两三分钱被收取……。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语动词，主语“two or three cents”与谓语动词charge之间是被动关系，且根据前文was可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，表示金钱、价格、时间、距离、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词遵循意义一致原则，常用单数形式，be动词用was。故填was charged。 2. As is reported in the newspaper, the number of people who ________(go) hungry has been greatly reduced. 【答案】go 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：正如报纸所报道的那样，挨饿的人的数量已经大大减少了。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时；定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词people保持一致，所以使用复数形式。故填go。 3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of agricultural land ________(be) being washed away each year. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：随着更多森林被破坏，每年都有大量的农田被冲走。“quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论其后接可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词的形式都用复数形式，此处“huge quantities of agricultural land”作主语，be动词用are与空后的being washed away构成现在进行时的被动语态作谓语。故填are。 4. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain ________(be) about 1.8million. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：英国所有多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。句中主语为the total number，是单数名词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式。且句子描述的是普遍事实及现在的状态，应用一般现在时。故填is。 5. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which ________(name) officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 【答案】was named 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：今年5月21日是第一个国际茶叶日，它于2019年11月27日被联合国正式命名。which_______ officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019是关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替May 21st，在从句中作主语，表示单数概念，所填词作谓语要用第三人称单数形式。由于主语不能发出动作，2019是过去的时间，要用一般过去时的被动语态结构was+过去分词。故填was named。 6. Our teacher tells us that physics ________(be) a fundamental subject in science. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：我们的老师告诉我们物理是理科的一门基础学科。句中physics(物理学)是学科名词，属于不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式。且句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故be动词用is。故填is。 7. Do you know when the professor and the writer ________(be) to come to give us a speech? 【答案】are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你知道那位教授和那位作家什么时候来给我们作演讲吗？根据句意和空后to come可知，此处应用一般现在时表将来。宾语从句的主语是the professor and the writer，指的是两个人，意思是“那位教授和那位作家”，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are。 8. Every boy and every girl in our country ________(receive) free education. 【答案】receives 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们国家的每个男孩和女孩都接受免费教育。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，every...and every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，因此空格处是第三人称单数。故填receives。 9. Now the number of people in the city ________(be) more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 4 million. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现在这个城市的人口是1949年的两倍多。这个数字现在接近400万。根据句意和时间状语Now可知，此处描述现在的一般事实，应用一般现在时。主语是the number of people“人口的数量”，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。 10. The number of traffic accidents that ________(happen) in developing countries ________(increase). 【答案】happen; is increasing 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：发展中国家发生的交通事故数量正在增加。第一空，分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句代指accidents，在从句中作主语，所以happen应用复数形式 ，且此处描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此谓语动词用happen。第二空，句中主语为“The number of traffic accidents”，“the number of+复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；结合语境，此处表示“交通事故数量正在增加”，应用现在进行时，故填is increasing。故答案为happen；is increasing。 二、完成句子 1. 司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。 The driver rushed ________________ to the hospital immediately, ignoring the traffic signals all the way. 【答案】the injured 【详解】考查定冠词和形容词。表示“伤者”可用the injured，定冠词加形容词表示一类人。故填the injured。 2. 我们的城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。（无生命名词作主语） ________________________________ in our city. 【答案】The last ten years has seen great changes 【详解】考查名词短语、动词和时态。根据句意以及提示的内容，此处表示“在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化”使用“无生命名词作主语”，可转述为“过去的十年见证了巨大的变化”，表示“过去的十年”为the last ten years作主语，位于句首单词首字母需大写，表示“见证”为see，结合句意，此处表示已经发生的动作且与现在有关，所以使用现在完成时，表时间的名词短语作主语可看作一个整体，谓语动词为单数形式，即has seen，表示“巨大的变化”为great changes作宾语。故填The last ten years has seen great changes。 3. To my surprise, physics ________________________________. 令我惊讶的是，物理是她最喜欢的科目。 【答案】is her favourite subject 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句意，此处表示“是”为be动词，该句描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，主语physics为学科，所以谓语动词为单数is，表示“她最喜欢的科目”为her favourite subject作表语，其中的favourite意为“最喜欢的”作定语修饰subject。故填is her favourite subject。 4. The police ________________________________ a tall dark man with a beard. 警方正在寻找一个高个子、皮肤黝黑、留着胡子的人。 【答案】are searching for 【详解】考查时态。根据“正在寻找”可知，句子描述正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时，“寻找”为动词短语search for，主语是the police，police是集体名词，此处强调里面的个体，应用复数形式，be动词应用are，故填are searching for。 5. The number of students participating in the project ________________________________ over the next few days. (expect) 预计在未来几天里，参与该项目的学生数量将会进一步增加。 【答案】is expected to increase/grow (higher/larger) 【详解】考查动词。根据句意，此处描述客观事实，所以该句谓语动词使用一般现在时，根据提示词expect，表示“将会进一步增加”可以理解为“有望增加更多”，表示“有望”为be expected to do sth.，主语The number为第三人称单数，所以be动词为is，表示“增加”为increase或者grow，表示“进一步”可以理解为“数字增加更高、更大”为higher或者larger，也可以省略。故填is expected to increase/grow (higher/larger)。 三、就近一致原则 　　此原则是指谓语动词的人称和数须与邻近的主语保持一致。 1. 在there be 结构、here 以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首引起的倒装句中, 谓语动词的人称和数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。 2. 当either. . . or. . . ; neither. . . nor. . . ; not only. . . but also. . . ; not. . . but. . . ; or; nor等并列连词连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的人称和数应与邻近的主语保持一致。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. Not only the students but also the teacher ________(be) fond of sport. 【答案】is 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅学生们，而且老师也喜欢体育运动。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，not only...but also...连接并列的主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与the teacher保持一致，使用is。故填is。 2. Not only ________ I, in the activity, tried something new, but it allows me to take on responsibility. 【答案】have 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：我不仅在活动中尝试了一些新的东西，而且它也让我承担起了责任。not only位于句首，句子要部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语之前，根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，且主语为I，故将have提到主语之前。故填have。 3. Not only the students but also the teacher ________(show) a great interest in playing football. 【答案】shows 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅学生们而且老师都对踢足球表现出极大的兴趣。分析句子可知，句中使用了“Not only...but also...”（不仅…… 而且……）结构，该结构连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。本句中靠近谓语的主语是“the teacher”（老师），为单数形式。句子描述的是一种当前的状态或爱好，应用一般现在时，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“shows”。故填shows。 4. There ________(be) more than 3,300 public libraries providing this “library’s new O2O (online to offline) path” so far, which reduces the “time cost” for readers significantly and allows them “to realize that reading is a handy part of people’s everyday lives”. 【答案】have been 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：目前，全国已有3,300多家公共图书馆提供这种“图书馆线上到线下新路径”，大大降低了读者的“时间成本”，让读者“意识到阅读是人们日常生活中方便的一部分”。根据时间状语so far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是复数名词libraries，助动词用have。故填have been。 5. At the moment, there ________(be) 9,300 openings for nurses across the state, Hochul noted as she hinted that the program may be expanded in the near future. 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：Hochul指出，目前全州有9300个护士职位空缺，她暗示这个项目在不久的将来可能会扩大。句子为there be句型，根据“At the moment”可知，此处描述当前持续的状态，时态应用一般现在时，且主语9,300 openings是复数，be动词应用are。故填are。 6. Here ________(be) this challenging student who had a reputation for single-mindedness and good grades——the exact opposite of me. 【答案】was 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个颇具挑战性的学生以专心致志和成绩优异著称，而我恰恰相反。Here在句首，句子使用完全倒装，本句主语为this challenging student，是第三人称单数形式，且主语后的定语从句中使用了一般过去时，前面的主句中也应使用一般过去时。故填was。 7. Not only Tom but also I ________(see) the new movie tomorrow. 【答案】am going to see/will see 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：除了汤姆，我明天也要去看这部新电影。根据时间状语tomorrow可知，此处为一般将来时，可用will+动词原形结构，或be going to do sth结构；not only… but also…连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，此处应与I保持人称和数的一致。故填am going to see/will see。 8. You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there ________(be) always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：你可能会认为学习会占用你更多的时间，但实际上总有新的方法可以节省你做日常工作的时间，让你腾出来做最重要的事情。在but后面的分句中，由于that引导的定语从句that can save you time on daily tasks用了一般现在时，它之前的主句there be句型也用一般现在时。there be句型遵循就近原则，主语new ways是复数名词，be动词要用are。故填are。 9. I think either you or she ________(be) wrong, and you'd better go and say sorry to her. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意： 我认为要么是你要么是她错了，你最好去向她道歉。由 either...or...连接两个人称代词作主语，结合think可知句子陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，根据“就近一致”原则可知，be动词应与she保持一致，用第三人称单数形式is。 故填is。 10. There ________(be) a girl, two boys and two old men sitting in the square. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在广场上坐着一个女孩，两个男孩和两个老人。陈述事实用一般现在时，且在there be...句型中，be动词通常和最靠近的主语保持一致。be动词距离 a girl最近，所以用单数的is。故填is。 二、完成句子 1. 他的妈妈和爸爸都不会讲英语。 ________________________________ speaks English. 【答案】Neither his mother nor his father 【详解】考查连词。句意：他的妈妈和爸爸都不会讲英语。“……和……都不”用并列连词neither...nor...，连接两个并列的名词短语his mother“他的妈妈”和his father“（他的）爸爸”，作主语，且该结构连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，句首单词首字母大写。故填Neither his mother nor his father。 2. 不仅你，你哥哥也愿意向这个基金捐款。 ________________________________ willing to donate money to the fund. 【答案】Not only you but also your brother is 【详解】考查固定搭配和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，“Not only...but also...”，是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近的主语保持一致，本句中靠近谓语动词的主语是your brother，为单数，且句子描述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，be动词用is，句首单词首字母大写。故填Not only you but also your brother is。 3. 在这次活动中，我们不仅将从河里收集垃圾，而且我们还将沿着道路种植一些树木和鲜花。（not only... but also句式） In this activity, we will ________________________________ we’re expected to plant some trees and flowers along the road. 【答案】not only gather rubbish from the river but also 【详解】考查固定句型和动词时态。根据汉语提示，表示“不但……而且……”用not only...but also...，表示“收集垃圾”用动词短语gather rubbish，此处使用动词原形与前文的will构成一般将来时；表示“从河里”使用介词短语from the river。故填not only gather rubbish from the river but also。 4. 你可以用中文或英文写你在中国印象最深的事情。(either...or句式) You can write in ________________________________ about what impresses you most in China. 【答案】either Chinese or English 【详解】考查名词和连词。either...or ，表“要么...要么”，为固定搭配，表示“中文或英文”应用either Chinese or English，为名词短语。故填either Chinese or English。 5. 我真的希望我们都尽我们最大的努力使我们的地球宜人和平，不仅是为了野生动物，也是为了我们人类。(not only…but also…) I do hope we all try our best to make our earth pleasant and peaceful, ________________________________. 【答案】not only for the wildlife but also for our human beings 【详解】考查连词和固定搭配。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“不仅是为了野生动物，也是为了我们人类”，“不仅……也是……”是固定搭配not only…but also…，“为了野生动物”是for the wildlife，“为了我们人类”是for our human beings，“不仅是为了野生动物，也是为了我们人类”表达为not only for the wildlife but also for our human beings。故填not only for the wildlife but also for our human beings。 三、写作清单 写一篇影评 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是写一篇影评。影评属于夹叙夹议文或议论文。这种文体主要是以一般现在时介绍剧情内容并就自己感兴趣的情节发表观点。影评要求评论者就影片特点进行评论，叙议结合。 影评一般注意以下几点： 第一部分是简介，包括故事的背景(setting)，故事情节(plot)和人物角色(characters)等。 第二部分是评论，就影片中自己感兴趣和有价值的故事情节发表观点，可有选择性地就电影的结构、节奏、演员角色等方面展开评论，最后也可对电影进行总体评价。 【积累·写作素材】 1. ...is a movie about... 2. The movie is set in a big city called London. 3. I really enjoy... 4. One interesting anecdote contained in the film is that... 5. My favourite film is... 6. It is the male character that interests us most. 7. The film is full of special effects. 8. Even with these slight drawbacks，it is still a great film. 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，你校英文爱好者协会准备在“电影周”期间展播一部英文电影。请你根据提示，给该协会负责人Ted写一封信，向他推荐美国电影《马戏之王》(The Greatest Showman)，并对该电影进行评论。 类型 人物传记 上映日期 2018年2月1日 导演 迈克尔·格雷西(Michael Gracey) 剧情简介 P.T.巴纳姆(P.T.Barnum)依靠自己的想象力和锲而不舍的精神，从经营博物馆做起，开创了世界上第一家马戏团 教育意义 …… 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。 Dear Ted, I'm writing to recommend The Greatest Showman to you for our school Film Week. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to your consideration of this film. Yours, Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 影评--推荐并评论美国电影《马戏之王》 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时，一般过去时为主 框架 第一段：电影简介。 第二段：情节介绍。 第三段：对电影的评价。 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1.发行；上映 release 2.激励 motivate 3.描述 describe 4.某人下定决心做某事 make up one's mind to do sth. 5.教育性的和启发性的 educational and inspiring 句子翻译 1.《马戏之王》是一部著名的美国传记片，导演是迈克尔·格雷西。 The Greatest Showman is a famous American biography film and its director is Michael Gracey. 2.该影片于2018年2月1日上映。 The film was released on Feb.1st, 2018. 3.这部电影鼓励我们无论遇到什么困难都要追求成功。 The film encourages us to chase success no matter what difficulties there are. 4.它对我们学生很有教育意义和启发性。 It is educational and inspiring to us students. 第三步：词句升级 5.利用分词短语将句①和句②合并为一个简单句。 Directed by Michael Gracey, The Greatest Showman is a famous American biography film released on Feb.1st, 2018. 6. 利用高级词汇motivate，whatever和obstacle将句③和句④合并为一个句子。 Motivating people to chase success whatever obstacles there are on the way, the film is both educational and inspiring to us students. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Ted, I'm writing to recommend The Greatest Showman to you for our school Film Week. Directed by Michael Gracey, The Greatest Showman is a famous American biography film released on Feb.1st, 2018. It tells the story of P. T. Barnum, who originally runs a museum and later makes up his mind to start the world's first circus. The film describes the difficulties he encounters and the positive attitude he adopts in response. With his rich imagination and persistence, he eventually makes it. Motivating people to chase success whatever obstacles there are on the way, the film is both educational and inspiring to us students. I am looking forward to your consideration of this film. Yours, Li Hua ( 25 / 25 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$