专题17 虚拟语气(三大基础结构)三大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)

2025-08-19
| 2份
| 23页
| 169人阅读
| 1人下载
精品

内容正文:

编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》及历年真题进行编写。本专辑共三大部分27个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是聚焦甘肃省中职升学英语课程考试大纲中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考真题题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第17个专题,内容为专题17 虚拟语气(三大基础结构)。 2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题17 虚拟语气(三大基础结构) 知识点精讲(讲+练) 【考点解读】 虚拟语气是英语中用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实情况的语法结构,是甘肃省中职升学考试的重要考点。其核心考点围绕与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反三大基础结构展开,涉及不同时间维度下从句与主句的谓语动词形式变化、特殊句型的应用及易错点辨析。 本专题通过系统梳理三大基础结构的核心规则、特殊句式及语境应用,帮助考生建立 “判断虚拟情境→确定时间维度→匹配谓语形式” 的解题逻辑,提升在复杂语境中正确运用虚拟语气的能力。 。 【知识点清单一】与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 【要点精讲】 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气用于表达说话人对当前情况的假设,即假设的情况在现实中并不存在或不可能发生。其核心规则是通过谓语动词的 “过去式” 变化来体现非真实性,需严格区分从句与主句的动词形式。 1.基础句型结构 此类虚拟语气的基本框架为 “if 条件句 + 主句”,具体形式如下: 例如:if 从句(假设条件):谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词无论人称一律用 were)。 主句(假设结果):谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(would 表 “将会”,should 表 “应该”,could 表 “能够”,might 表 “可能”,根据语境选择)。 If I were you, I would refuse the offer.(如果我是你,我会拒绝这个提议。) (现实:我不是你,也不会拒绝。) If she had enough money, she could buy a new car.(如果她有足够的钱,她能买一辆新车。) (现实:她没有足够的钱,买不起车。) 2.be 动词的特殊用法 在 if 从句中,无论主语是第几人称,be 动词一律用 were(即使主语是 I/he/she/it),这是虚拟语气的标志性特征,也是高频考点。 错误:If he was here, he would help us. 正确:If he were here, he would help us.(如果他在这儿,他会帮我们的。) 3.省略 if 的倒装结构 当 if 从句的谓语动词包含 were/should/had 时,可省略 if 并将这些词提前,构成倒装句,语气更正式。 Were I in your position, I would accept the challenge.(= If I were in your position...) Should he agree, we would start tomorrow.(= If he should agree...) 4.常见特殊句型 除基础 “if...then...” 结构外,以下句型也需用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气: wish + 宾语从句:表示对现在的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)。 例如:I wish I were taller.(我希望我个子更高些。) as if/though + 从句:表示 “好像”,若所述情况与事实不符,从句用一般过去时。 例如:He talks as if he knew everything.(他说话的样子好像什么都知道似的。)(现实:他并非什么都知道。) it’s time + that 从句:表示 “该做某事了”,从句谓语用一般过去时(强调与现在事实的反差)。 例如:It’s time we started the meeting.(我们该开始开会了。) 语境辨析:虚拟与陈述的区别 需注意虚拟语气与真实条件句的差异:真实条件句(if 从句)用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,表达可能发生的情况;而虚拟语气的 if 从句用过去时,主句用 “would + 原形”,表达不可能发生的假设。 真实条件:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)(可能发生) 虚拟语气:If it rained now, we would stay at home.(如果现在下雨,我们就待在家里了。)(现实:现在没下雨) 5.【思维导图】 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 ├─ 定义:表达与当前现实不符的假设 ├─ 基础结构│ ├─ if 从句:一般过去时(be 动词用 were)│ └─ 主句:would/should/could/might + 动词原形├─ 特殊句式│ ├─ 省略 if:were/should/had 提前(倒装)│ ├─ wish + 从句:一般过去时(be 用 were)│ ├─ as if/though + 从句:一般过去时│ └─ it’s time + 从句:一般过去时 └─ 辨析:与真实条件句的时态差异 ├─ 真实条件:if 从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时 └─ 虚拟语气:if 从句用过去时,主句用 “would + 原形” 【即时训练】 1.If I ______ a bird, I ______ fly to the sky. A. am; will B. were; would C. was; should D. are; could 2.She talks as if she ______ all the work by herself, but in fact we helped her a lot. A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had finished 3.I wish I ______ enough time to travel around the world. A. have B. had C. will have D. had had 4.If Tom ______ here, he ______ us solve the problem easily. A. is; helps B. was; would help C. were; could help D. be; might help 5.It’s high time we ______ measures to protect the environment. A. take B. took C. will take D. have taken 6.______ it not for the rain, we ______ hiking this weekend. A. Were; would go B. Was; will go C. Is; would go D. Are; will go 7.My parents suggested that I ______ a part-time job, but I wish I ______ more time for study. A. take; have B. took; had C. take; had D. took; have 8.If she ______ more careful, she ______ so many mistakes in the exam. A. is; won’t make B. was; wouldn’t make C. were; wouldn’t make D. be; didn’t make 【知识点清单二】与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 【要点精讲】 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气用于表达对过去已经发生的事情的假设,即假设过去发生了与实际情况不同的事情,其结果也会相应改变。此类虚拟语气的核心是通过 “过去完成时” 和 “情态动词 + 完成时” 来体现时间的回溯性,需重点掌握从句与主句的时态搭配。 1.基础句型结构 基本框架仍为 “if 条件句 + 主句”,具体形式如下: 例如: if 从句(假设过去的条件):谓语动词用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。 主句(假设过去的结果):谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词”(根据语境选择情态动词,表达 “本会 / 本应 / 本可以 / 本可能”)。 If you had told me the truth, I would have believed you.(如果你当时告诉我真相,我就会相信你了。) (现实:你没告诉我真相,我也没相信你。) She could have passed the exam if she had studied harder.(如果她当时更努力学习,她本可以通过考试的。) (现实:她没努力,也没通过考试。) 2.常见特殊句型 除基础结构外,以下句型也需用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气: wish + 宾语从句:表示对过去事情的遗憾,从句谓语用 “had + 过去分词”。 例如:I wish I hadn’t said those words to her.(我希望我当时没对她说那些话。) if only + 从句:表示 “要是…… 就好了”,对过去的假设用 “had + 过去分词”。 例如:If only we had arrived earlier!(要是我们早点到就好了!) as if/though + 从句:若所述过去情况与事实不符,从句用过去完成时。 例如:He looked as if he had seen a ghost.(他看起来好像见过鬼似的。)(现实:他没见过鬼。) “情态动词 + have + 过去分词”:单独使用时可表对过去的虚拟,如 “should have done” 表 “本应该做却没做”,“could have done” 表 “本可以做却没做”。 例如:You should have apologized to her.(你本应该向她道歉的。) 3.混合虚拟语气的特殊情况 当 if 从句与主句所表示的时间不一致(如从句表过去,主句表现在),需分别采用对应的时态,即 “混合虚拟”。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(如果你当时听了我的建议,你现在就会好起来了。) (从句表过去,用 had followed;主句表现在,用 would be。) 4.省略与倒装 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气类似,若 if 从句的谓语动词为 had,可省略 if 并将 had 提前,构成倒装。 Had we known the truth, we would have acted differently.(= If we had known the truth...) 5.【思维导图】 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气├─ 定义:表达与过去实际情况不符的假设 ├─ 基础结构│ ├─ if 从句:had + 过去分词(过去完成时) │ └─ 主句:would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 ├─ 特殊句式│ ├─ wish + 从句:had + 过去分词│ ├─ if only + 从句:had + 过去分词│ ├─ as if/though + 从句:had + 过去分词│ └─ 情态动词 + have + 过去分词(单独表虚拟)├─ 混合虚拟│ └─ 从句表过去(had done),主句表现在(would do)└─ 省略与倒装 └─ 省略 if:had 提前(Had + 主语 + 过去分词...) 【即时训练】 1.If I ______ the meeting yesterday, I ______ what happened. A. attended; would know B. had attended; would know C. attended; would have known D. had attended; would have known 2.She wishes she ______ that expensive dress last week. A. didn’t buy B. hadn’t bought C. wouldn’t buy D. hasn’t bought 3.If only he ______ the doctor’s advice, he ______ better now. A. took; would be B. had taken; would be C. took; would have been D. had taken; would have been 4.You ______ the job easily if you ______ more experience. A. could get; had B. could have got; had had C. can get; have D. can have got; have had 5.______ I known about the lecture, I ______ it. A. Had; would have attended B. Have; will attend C. Had; will attend D. Have; would have attended 6.The boss ______ angry if you ______ the report on time yesterday. A. wouldn’t be; finished B. wouldn’t have been; had finished C. isn’t; finish D. wasn’t; had finished 7.He acted as if he ______ the story before, but in fact it was new to him. A. hears B. heard C. has heard D. had heard 8.You ______ more attention to your health. Now you have to stay in bed. A. should pay B. should have paid C. must pay D. must have paid 【知识点清单三】与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 【要点精讲】 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气用于表达对未来可能发生的事情的假设,即假设未来发生某种不太可能或完全不可能的情况,其结果也会相应改变。此类虚拟语气的核心是通过特殊的时态形式(过去时、should + 原形、were to + 原形)来体现未来的不确定性,需重点区分从句的三种谓语形式及适用场景。 1.基础句型结构 基本框架为 “if 条件句 + 主句”,具体形式如下: 例如: if 从句(假设未来的条件):谓语动词有三种形式: ① 一般过去时(be 动词用 were); ② should + 动词原形(强调 “万一”,可能性极低); ③ were to + 动词原形(强调 “计划或安排的虚拟”,几乎不可能发生)。 主句(假设未来的结果):谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(与与现在事实相反的主句形式一致,因均表未发生的动作)。 If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.(如果明天下雨,我们就取消野餐。)(可能性低) If she should come late, we should wait for her.(万一她来晚了,我们应该等她。)(可能性极低) If the sun were to rise in the west, I would believe your story.(如果太阳从西边出来,我才会相信你的话。)(几乎不可能) 2.三种从句形式的区别 ① 一般过去时:表示对未来的假设,语气较直接,暗示可能性虽低但仍存在。 例如:If I had time next week, I would visit you.(如果我下周有空,我会去看你。)(可能没空) ② should + 动词原形:强调 “意外或偶然”,暗示 “不太可能但万一发生”。 例如:If you should meet him, please give him this note.(万一你见到他,请把这张纸条给他。) ③ were to + 动词原形:语气最强烈,暗示 “与现实规律或计划完全相反,几乎不可能发生”。 例如:If humans were to live on Mars, we would need special equipment.(如果人类要在火星上生活,就需要特殊设备。)(目前难以实现) 3.常见特殊句型 wish + 宾语从句:表示对未来的愿望(难以实现),从句用 “would/should/could + 动词原形”(主语为第一人称时可用 were to + 原形)。 例如:I wish I could fly to the moon one day.(我希望有一天能飞到月球上。) if only + 从句:表示对未来的期盼(可能性低),用一般过去时或 were to + 原形。 例如:If only the rain were to stop tomorrow!(要是明天雨停就好了!) in case + 从句:表示 “以防万一”,若假设的未来情况与事实不符,可用 should + 动词原形。 例如:Take an umbrella in case it should rain.(带把伞,以防万一下雨。) 4.与其他虚拟结构的辨析 与 “祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句” 的区别:后者表真实条件,如 “Work hard, and you will succeed.”(努力工作,你就会成功。)(可能发生);而虚拟语气表非真实条件。 与情态动词表推测的区别:“may/might + 动词原形” 表对未来的推测(可能发生),如 “He might come tomorrow.”(他明天可能来。);而虚拟语气的 “would + 原形” 表非真实结果。 5.【思维导图】 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气├─ 定义:表达与未来可能情况不符的假设 ├─ 基础结构│ ├─ if 从句(三种形式)│ │ ├─ 一般过去时(be 用 were)→ 可能性较低│ │ ├─ should + 动词原形 → 强调 “万一”(可能性极低)│ │ └─ were to + 动词原形 → 强调 “几乎不可能”│ └─ 主句:would/should/could/might + 动词原形├─ 特殊句式│ ├─ wish + 从句:would/could + 动词原形│ ├─ if only + 从句:一般过去时 /were to + 原形│ └─ in case + 从句:should + 动词原形(表 “万一”)└─ 辨析 ├─ 与真实条件句(祈使句 + and)的区别 └─ 与情态动词表推测(may/might)的区别 【即时训练】 1.If he ______ to the party tomorrow, he ______ a good time. A. goes; will have B. went; would have C. will go; has D. would go; had 2.If it ______ snow heavily tomorrow, we ______ the trip. A. should; would cancel B. will; will cancel C. is; cancel D. would; canceled 3.I wish I ______ able to join you in the game next week, but I have to study for the exam. A. am B. was C. were D. will be 4.If the sun ______ in the east tomorrow, everyone ______ shocked. A. rises; will be B. rose; would be C. should rise; is D. were to rise; would be 5.______ you ______ to leave tomorrow, please let me know in advance. A. Should; decide B. Were; decide C. If; will decide D. Had; decided 6.The teacher suggested that we ______ an umbrella in case it ______ rain this afternoon. A. take; should B. take; will C. took; should D. took; would 7.If only she ______ here next month! We ______ so happy to see her. A. will come; will be B. comes; are C. would come; would be D. came; were 8.You ______ the competition if you ______ harder next week. A. will win; practice B. would win; practiced C. win; will practice D. won; practiced 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》及历年真题进行编写。本专辑共三大部分27个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是聚焦甘肃省中职升学英语课程考试大纲中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考真题题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第17个专题,内容为专题17 虚拟语气(三大基础结构)。 2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题17 虚拟语气(三大基础结构) 知识点精讲(讲+练) 【考点解读】 虚拟语气是英语中用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实情况的语法结构,是甘肃省中职升学考试的重要考点。其核心考点围绕与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反三大基础结构展开,涉及不同时间维度下从句与主句的谓语动词形式变化、特殊句型的应用及易错点辨析。 本专题通过系统梳理三大基础结构的核心规则、特殊句式及语境应用,帮助考生建立 “判断虚拟情境→确定时间维度→匹配谓语形式” 的解题逻辑,提升在复杂语境中正确运用虚拟语气的能力。 。 【知识点清单一】与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 【要点精讲】 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气用于表达说话人对当前情况的假设,即假设的情况在现实中并不存在或不可能发生。其核心规则是通过谓语动词的 “过去式” 变化来体现非真实性,需严格区分从句与主句的动词形式。 1.基础句型结构 此类虚拟语气的基本框架为 “if 条件句 + 主句”,具体形式如下: 例如:if 从句(假设条件):谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词无论人称一律用 were)。 主句(假设结果):谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(would 表 “将会”,should 表 “应该”,could 表 “能够”,might 表 “可能”,根据语境选择)。 If I were you, I would refuse the offer.(如果我是你,我会拒绝这个提议。) (现实:我不是你,也不会拒绝。) If she had enough money, she could buy a new car.(如果她有足够的钱,她能买一辆新车。) (现实:她没有足够的钱,买不起车。) 2.be 动词的特殊用法 在 if 从句中,无论主语是第几人称,be 动词一律用 were(即使主语是 I/he/she/it),这是虚拟语气的标志性特征,也是高频考点。 错误:If he was here, he would help us. 正确:If he were here, he would help us.(如果他在这儿,他会帮我们的。) 3.省略 if 的倒装结构 当 if 从句的谓语动词包含 were/should/had 时,可省略 if 并将这些词提前,构成倒装句,语气更正式。 Were I in your position, I would accept the challenge.(= If I were in your position...) Should he agree, we would start tomorrow.(= If he should agree...) 4.常见特殊句型 除基础 “if...then...” 结构外,以下句型也需用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气: wish + 宾语从句:表示对现在的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)。 例如:I wish I were taller.(我希望我个子更高些。) as if/though + 从句:表示 “好像”,若所述情况与事实不符,从句用一般过去时。 例如:He talks as if he knew everything.(他说话的样子好像什么都知道似的。)(现实:他并非什么都知道。) it’s time + that 从句:表示 “该做某事了”,从句谓语用一般过去时(强调与现在事实的反差)。 例如:It’s time we started the meeting.(我们该开始开会了。) 语境辨析:虚拟与陈述的区别 需注意虚拟语气与真实条件句的差异:真实条件句(if 从句)用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,表达可能发生的情况;而虚拟语气的 if 从句用过去时,主句用 “would + 原形”,表达不可能发生的假设。 真实条件:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)(可能发生) 虚拟语气:If it rained now, we would stay at home.(如果现在下雨,我们就待在家里了。)(现实:现在没下雨) 5.【思维导图】 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 ├─ 定义:表达与当前现实不符的假设 ├─ 基础结构│ ├─ if 从句:一般过去时(be 动词用 were)│ └─ 主句:would/should/could/might + 动词原形├─ 特殊句式│ ├─ 省略 if:were/should/had 提前(倒装)│ ├─ wish + 从句:一般过去时(be 用 were)│ ├─ as if/though + 从句:一般过去时│ └─ it’s time + 从句:一般过去时 └─ 辨析:与真实条件句的时态差异 ├─ 真实条件:if 从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时 └─ 虚拟语气:if 从句用过去时,主句用 “would + 原形” 【即时训练】 1.If I ______ a bird, I ______ fly to the sky. A. am; will B. were; would C. was; should D. are; could 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句表示假设 “我是一只鸟”(与现实不符),be 动词用 were;主句用 “would + 动词原形”。故选 B。 2.She talks as if she ______ all the work by herself, but in fact we helped her a lot. A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had finished 【答案】B 【解析】as if 引导的从句表示与现在事实相反的假设(她并没有独自完成工作),谓语用一般过去时。故选 B。 3.I wish I ______ enough time to travel around the world. A. have B. had C. will have D. had had 【答案】B 【解析】wish 后接宾语从句,表达与现在事实相反的愿望(没有足够时间),从句谓语用一般过去时。故选 B。 4.If Tom ______ here, he ______ us solve the problem easily. A. is; helps B. was; would help C. were; could help D. be; might help 【答案】C 【解析】if 从句表与现在事实相反的假设(Tom 不在这儿),be 动词用 were;主句用 “could + 动词原形” 表示 “能够”。故选 C。 5.It’s high time we ______ measures to protect the environment. A. take B. took C. will take D. have taken 【答案】B 【解析】“it’s high time + 从句” 表示 “该做某事了”,从句谓语用一般过去时(与现在事实对比,强调应立即行动)。故选 B。 6.______ it not for the rain, we ______ hiking this weekend. A. Were; would go B. Was; will go C. Is; would go D. Are; will go 【答案】A 【解析】本题为省略 if 的倒装结构,从句表与现在事实相反的假设(没有雨),were 提前;主句用 “would + 动词原形”。故选 A。 7.My parents suggested that I ______ a part-time job, but I wish I ______ more time for study. A. take; have B. took; had C. take; had D. took; have 【答案】C 【解析】第一空:suggest 表 “建议” 时,从句用 “should + 动词原形”(should 可省略),故用 take;第二空:wish 表与现在事实相反的愿望(没有更多时间),从句用 had。故选 C。 8.If she ______ more careful, she ______ so many mistakes in the exam. A. is; won’t make B. was; wouldn’t make C. were; wouldn’t make D. be; didn’t make 【答案】C 【解析】if 从句表与现在事实相反的假设(她不够细心),be 动词用 were;主句用 “wouldn’t + 动词原形” 表示 “不会做某事”。故选 C。 【知识点清单二】与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 【要点精讲】 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气用于表达对过去已经发生的事情的假设,即假设过去发生了与实际情况不同的事情,其结果也会相应改变。此类虚拟语气的核心是通过 “过去完成时” 和 “情态动词 + 完成时” 来体现时间的回溯性,需重点掌握从句与主句的时态搭配。 1.基础句型结构 基本框架仍为 “if 条件句 + 主句”,具体形式如下: 例如: if 从句(假设过去的条件):谓语动词用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。 主句(假设过去的结果):谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词”(根据语境选择情态动词,表达 “本会 / 本应 / 本可以 / 本可能”)。 If you had told me the truth, I would have believed you.(如果你当时告诉我真相,我就会相信你了。) (现实:你没告诉我真相,我也没相信你。) She could have passed the exam if she had studied harder.(如果她当时更努力学习,她本可以通过考试的。) (现实:她没努力,也没通过考试。) 2.常见特殊句型 除基础结构外,以下句型也需用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气: wish + 宾语从句:表示对过去事情的遗憾,从句谓语用 “had + 过去分词”。 例如:I wish I hadn’t said those words to her.(我希望我当时没对她说那些话。) if only + 从句:表示 “要是…… 就好了”,对过去的假设用 “had + 过去分词”。 例如:If only we had arrived earlier!(要是我们早点到就好了!) as if/though + 从句:若所述过去情况与事实不符,从句用过去完成时。 例如:He looked as if he had seen a ghost.(他看起来好像见过鬼似的。)(现实:他没见过鬼。) “情态动词 + have + 过去分词”:单独使用时可表对过去的虚拟,如 “should have done” 表 “本应该做却没做”,“could have done” 表 “本可以做却没做”。 例如:You should have apologized to her.(你本应该向她道歉的。) 3.混合虚拟语气的特殊情况 当 if 从句与主句所表示的时间不一致(如从句表过去,主句表现在),需分别采用对应的时态,即 “混合虚拟”。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(如果你当时听了我的建议,你现在就会好起来了。) (从句表过去,用 had followed;主句表现在,用 would be。) 4.省略与倒装 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气类似,若 if 从句的谓语动词为 had,可省略 if 并将 had 提前,构成倒装。 Had we known the truth, we would have acted differently.(= If we had known the truth...) 5.【思维导图】 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气├─ 定义:表达与过去实际情况不符的假设 ├─ 基础结构│ ├─ if 从句:had + 过去分词(过去完成时) │ └─ 主句:would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 ├─ 特殊句式│ ├─ wish + 从句:had + 过去分词│ ├─ if only + 从句:had + 过去分词│ ├─ as if/though + 从句:had + 过去分词│ └─ 情态动词 + have + 过去分词(单独表虚拟)├─ 混合虚拟│ └─ 从句表过去(had done),主句表现在(would do)└─ 省略与倒装 └─ 省略 if:had 提前(Had + 主语 + 过去分词...) 【即时训练】 1.If I ______ the meeting yesterday, I ______ what happened. A. attended; would know B. had attended; would know C. attended; would have known D. had attended; would have known 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句表 “昨天参加会议”(与现实相反,没参加),用 had attended;主句表 “就会知道发生了什么”,用 would have known。故选 D。 2.She wishes she ______ that expensive dress last week. A. didn’t buy B. hadn’t bought C. wouldn’t buy D. hasn’t bought 【答案】B 【解析】wish 后接宾语从句,表达对过去事情的遗憾(上周不该买裙子),从句用 hadn’t bought(过去完成时)。故选 B。 3.If only he ______ the doctor’s advice, he ______ better now. A. took; would be B. had taken; would be C. took; would have been D. had taken; would have been 【答案】B 【解析】本题为混合虚拟语气。if only 从句表过去(没听医生建议),用 had taken;主句表现在(身体不好),用 would be。故选 B。 4.You ______ the job easily if you ______ more experience. A. could get; had B. could have got; had had C. can get; have D. can have got; have had 【答案】B 【解析】与过去事实相反的假设(过去没经验,没得到工作),从句用 had had,主句用 could have got(本可以得到)。故选 B。 5.______ I known about the lecture, I ______ it. A. Had; would have attended B. Have; will attend C. Had; will attend D. Have; would have attended 【答案】A 【解析】省略 if 的倒装结构,从句表过去(不知道讲座),had 提前;主句用 would have attended(本会参加)。故选 A。 6.The boss ______ angry if you ______ the report on time yesterday. A. wouldn’t be; finished B. wouldn’t have been; had finished C. isn’t; finish D. wasn’t; had finished 【答案】B 【解析】与过去事实相反的假设(昨天没按时交报告,老板生气了),从句用 had finished,主句用 wouldn’t have been。故选 B。 7.He acted as if he ______ the story before, but in fact it was new to him. A. hears B. heard C. has heard D. had heard 【答案】D 【解析】as if 从句表与过去事实相反的假设(以前没听过这个故事),用 had heard(过去完成时)。故选 D。 8.You ______ more attention to your health. Now you have to stay in bed. A. should pay B. should have paid C. must pay D. must have paid 【答案】B 【解析】“should have paid” 表与过去事实相反的虚拟,意为 “本应该关注却没关注”,符合语境(现在不得不卧床)。故选 B。 【知识点清单三】与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 【要点精讲】 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气用于表达对未来可能发生的事情的假设,即假设未来发生某种不太可能或完全不可能的情况,其结果也会相应改变。此类虚拟语气的核心是通过特殊的时态形式(过去时、should + 原形、were to + 原形)来体现未来的不确定性,需重点区分从句的三种谓语形式及适用场景。 1.基础句型结构 基本框架为 “if 条件句 + 主句”,具体形式如下: 例如: if 从句(假设未来的条件):谓语动词有三种形式: ① 一般过去时(be 动词用 were); ② should + 动词原形(强调 “万一”,可能性极低); ③ were to + 动词原形(强调 “计划或安排的虚拟”,几乎不可能发生)。 主句(假设未来的结果):谓语动词用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(与与现在事实相反的主句形式一致,因均表未发生的动作)。 If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.(如果明天下雨,我们就取消野餐。)(可能性低) If she should come late, we should wait for her.(万一她来晚了,我们应该等她。)(可能性极低) If the sun were to rise in the west, I would believe your story.(如果太阳从西边出来,我才会相信你的话。)(几乎不可能) 2.三种从句形式的区别 ① 一般过去时:表示对未来的假设,语气较直接,暗示可能性虽低但仍存在。 例如:If I had time next week, I would visit you.(如果我下周有空,我会去看你。)(可能没空) ② should + 动词原形:强调 “意外或偶然”,暗示 “不太可能但万一发生”。 例如:If you should meet him, please give him this note.(万一你见到他,请把这张纸条给他。) ③ were to + 动词原形:语气最强烈,暗示 “与现实规律或计划完全相反,几乎不可能发生”。 例如:If humans were to live on Mars, we would need special equipment.(如果人类要在火星上生活,就需要特殊设备。)(目前难以实现) 3.常见特殊句型 wish + 宾语从句:表示对未来的愿望(难以实现),从句用 “would/should/could + 动词原形”(主语为第一人称时可用 were to + 原形)。 例如:I wish I could fly to the moon one day.(我希望有一天能飞到月球上。) if only + 从句:表示对未来的期盼(可能性低),用一般过去时或 were to + 原形。 例如:If only the rain were to stop tomorrow!(要是明天雨停就好了!) in case + 从句:表示 “以防万一”,若假设的未来情况与事实不符,可用 should + 动词原形。 例如:Take an umbrella in case it should rain.(带把伞,以防万一下雨。) 4.与其他虚拟结构的辨析 与 “祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句” 的区别:后者表真实条件,如 “Work hard, and you will succeed.”(努力工作,你就会成功。)(可能发生);而虚拟语气表非真实条件。 与情态动词表推测的区别:“may/might + 动词原形” 表对未来的推测(可能发生),如 “He might come tomorrow.”(他明天可能来。);而虚拟语气的 “would + 原形” 表非真实结果。 5.【思维导图】 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气├─ 定义:表达与未来可能情况不符的假设 ├─ 基础结构│ ├─ if 从句(三种形式)│ │ ├─ 一般过去时(be 用 were)→ 可能性较低│ │ ├─ should + 动词原形 → 强调 “万一”(可能性极低)│ │ └─ were to + 动词原形 → 强调 “几乎不可能”│ └─ 主句:would/should/could/might + 动词原形├─ 特殊句式│ ├─ wish + 从句:would/could + 动词原形│ ├─ if only + 从句:一般过去时 /were to + 原形│ └─ in case + 从句:should + 动词原形(表 “万一”)└─ 辨析 ├─ 与真实条件句(祈使句 + and)的区别 └─ 与情态动词表推测(may/might)的区别 【即时训练】 1.If he ______ to the party tomorrow, he ______ a good time. A. goes; will have B. went; would have C. will go; has D. would go; had 【答案】B 【解析】与将来事实相反的假设(他明天可能不去派对),if 从句用一般过去时 went,主句用 would have。故选 B。 2.If it ______ snow heavily tomorrow, we ______ the trip. A. should; would cancel B. will; will cancel C. is; cancel D. would; canceled 【答案】A 【解析】if 从句表 “万一明天下大雪”(可能性极低),用 should(省略动词原形 snow);主句用 would cancel。故选 A。 3.I wish I ______ able to join you in the game next week, but I have to study for the exam. A. am B. was C. were D. will be 【答案】C 【解析】wish 后接宾语从句,表达与将来事实相反的愿望(不能参加游戏),be 动词用 were(虚拟语气固定用法)。故选 C。 4.If the sun ______ in the east tomorrow, everyone ______ shocked. A. rises; will be B. rose; would be C. should rise; is D. were to rise; would be 【答案】D 【解析】if 从句表 “太阳从东边升起”(与事实相反,实际太阳从东边升起,此处假设相反情况,即几乎不可能),用 were to rise;主句用 would be。故选 D。 5.______ you ______ to leave tomorrow, please let me know in advance. A. Should; decide B. Were; decide C. If; will decide D. Had; decided 【答案】A 【解析】省略 if 的倒装结构,表 “万一你明天决定离开”(可能性极低),should 提前,从句用动词原形 decide。故选 A。 6.The teacher suggested that we ______ an umbrella in case it ______ rain this afternoon. A. take; should B. take; will C. took; should D. took; would 【答案】A 【解析】第一空:suggest 表 “建议”,从句用 “should + 动词原形”(should 可省略),故用 take;第二空:in case 表 “万一”,与将来事实相反的假设用 should rain。故选 A。 7.If only she ______ here next month! We ______ so happy to see her. A. will come; will be B. comes; are C. would come; would be D. came; were 【答案】C 【解析】if only 从句表对未来的期盼(她下个月可能不来),用 would come;主句用 would be 表虚拟结果。故选 C。 8.You ______ the competition if you ______ harder next week. A. will win; practice B. would win; practiced C. win; will practice D. won; practiced 【答案】B 【解析】与将来事实相反的假设(下周可能不努力,赢不了比赛),if 从句用一般过去时 practiced,主句用 would win。故选 B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

资源预览图

专题17 虚拟语气(三大基础结构)三大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
1
专题17 虚拟语气(三大基础结构)三大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
2
专题17 虚拟语气(三大基础结构)三大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
3
所属专辑
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。