内容正文:
编写说明:2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分30个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇、词组及句型的语言运用清单,同时也包括了口语交际的提问与回答。第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题,内容为动词。
2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题8 动词(讲+练)
(
【考点解读】
纵观
近
五
年的职教高考真题,
对动词的考查非常频繁。本专题只针对动词的分类及具体用法进行知识梳理,不包含时态(专题12)、语态(专题13)、非谓语(专题16)等,将主要考查角度梳理为以下几方面:
1.动词辨析
——既考查单词识记和语境判断,也考查形近词辨析;一般不考察近义词。
(
2021年第5题;2022年第6题;2023年第7、10题;
2024年第7题
)
2.动词短语辨析
——主要考查同一动词不同搭配的词义辨析,如2022年第5题
give up
、
give in
、
give out
、
give off
辨析;2021年第9题和2024年第10题均考查
turn和take相
关短语辨析。偶尔考查语境判断,如2021年第4题,选项为4个不同短语。
3.动词的固定搭配
——如2024年第6题考查介词搭配
devote oneself to
;2019年第1题考查不定式搭配prefer to do。
4.特殊类动词的用法
——
如
感官动词
、
使役动词
用法(
2024年第2题考查感官动词接宾补
hear sb.
do/d
o
ing
sth.
);主动表被动的特殊类动词用法(如need
do
ing=need to be
done
)
;系动词、情态动词用法;suggest、require、demand等从句虚拟语气。
)
动词的分类及用法
【知识点清单一】系动词的用法
(
系动词的用法
)
系动词的用法是联系主语和表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)。系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构,用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
(
一、be动词
)
be 动词(am、is、are、was、were)之后可接名词、形容词、介词短语、分词等作表语,用于说明主语的身份、性质、所处状态等。
举例:
She is a teacher. 她是一名教师。(说明主语的身份)
The flowers are beautiful. 这些花很漂亮(描述主语的特征)
They were in the classroom just now. 他们刚才在教室里。(说明主语的位置)
The window is broken. 窗户破了。(描述主语的状态)
(
二、感官动词
)
感官动词表示主语给人的感官印象,主要有 feel(感觉)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)等。通常接形容词作表语,强调主语给人的感官感受。
举例:
The silk feels soft. 这丝绸摸起来很柔软。(说明丝绸给人的触感)
You look happy today. 你今天看起来很高兴。(描述主语的表情给人的印象)
The music sounds wonderful. 这首音乐听起来很美妙。(说明音乐给人的听觉感受)
The soup tastes delicious. 这汤尝起来很美味。(表达汤的味道)
The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。(描述花的气味)
(
三、表示变化的系动词
)
表示变化的系动词用来表示主语发生的变化,常见的有 become(变成)、get(变得)、turn(变成)、grow(变得;成长为)、go(变得,通常指不好的变化)等。后接形容词、名词等作表语,体现主语从一种状态向另一种状态的转变。
举例:
He became a doctor when he was 25. 他 25 岁时成了一名医生。(说明主语身份的变化)
The weather gets cold in winter. 冬天天气变冷。(表天气状态的变化)
The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。(描述树叶颜色的变化)
She has grown taller in the past year. 过去一年她长高了。(表成长过程中的变化)
The milk has gone bad. 牛奶变质了。(指不好的变化)
(
四、表示持续的系动词
)
表示持续的系动词用来表示主语持续的状态,如 remain(保持)、stay(保持)、keep(保持)等。后接形容词、名词等作表语,强调主语维持某种状态不变。
举例:
The door remained open all night. 门整夜都开着。(表状态的持续)
He stayed single all his life. 他一辈子都是单身。(说明主语状态的持续)
Keep quiet in the library. 在图书馆里保持安静。(强调维持安静的状态)
(
五、其他特殊系动词
)
其他系动词有表象系动词,表示“看起来像”,主要有 seem(似乎;好像)、appear(显得;似乎)等。后可接形容词、不定式、that 从句等作表语,表达一种主观上的判断或表象。也有表示结果的系动词,如turn out(结果是);prove(证明是)。
举例:
He seems tired. 他好像很累。(seem 后接形容词,表主观判断)
She appears to be happy. 她似乎很高兴。(appear 后接不定式作表语)
It seems that he is ill. 他好像生病了。(seem 后接 that 从句)
The situation turned out to be better than we expected. 结果比我们预想得要好。(turn out后接不定式)
【即时训练】
1.He is ________ in class, but ________ at home with his siblings.
A. quiet; noise B. quietly; noisy C. quiet; noisy D. quietly; noise
【答案】C
【解析】第一空系动词后需填形容词作表语,描述主语 “he” 的状态,“quiet”(安静的)符合;
第二空同样需形容词,“noisy”(吵闹的)描述他在家的状态。故选 C。
2.It’s ________ that we’ll finish the task by Friday if we work harder.
A. possibly B. probably C. possibility D.likely
【答案】D
【解析】系动词后需要形容词作表语。句中 “It’s + 形容词 + that 从句” 是固定结构,需填形容词作表语。“possibly”(可能地)和 “probably”(大概)是副词(排除 A、B);“possibility”(可能性)是名词(排除 C);“likely”(可能的)是形容词,符合语法,故选 D。
3.She looks ________because she failed the exam, but she tried ________.
A. sad; hard B. sadly; hard C. sad; hardly D. sadly; hardly
【答案】A
【解析】第一空 “looks” 是系动词,后接形容词作表语,“sad”(难过的)符合;第二空 “tried” 是实义动词,需用副词修饰,“hard”(努力地)符合语境(“hardly” 意为 “几乎不”,不符合)。
故选 A。
4.The silk________(feel) very soft. 丝绸触感很软。
【答案】feels
【解析】“feel” 在此处为系动词,意为 “摸起来”,主语 “the silk” 是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 “feels”。
5.--He seems________(happy).
--He failed the final exam and was scolded by his mother.
【答案】unhappy
【解析】此处系动词seem需要形容词作表语。根据答句 “他考试不及格被妈妈责骂”,可知他 “看起来不高兴”。“seem” 后接形容词,故填 “unhappy”。
6.The final exam turned out________. (困难)。
【答案】(to be) difficult
【解析】考查特殊系动词turn out,“turn out ( +to be )+ 形容词” 表示 “结果是……”,“困难” 的形容词形式是 “difficult”,故填 (to be) difficult。
【知识点清单二】助动词的用法
(
助动词的用法
)
助动词本身没有实际词义,不能单独作谓语,只能协助主要动词构成谓语,用来表示时态、语态、语气、否定、疑问等语法意义的动词。常见的助动词有 do/does/did、have/has/had、will/would、shall/should、be(am/is/are/was/were)等。
(
一、do/does/did 的用法
)
(1)构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句。
疑问句:将 do/does/did 置于句首,后面的动词用原形。
举例:Do you like English?(你喜欢英语吗?)
Does he often go to the park?(他经常去公园吗?)
Did they finish the work yesterday?(他们昨天完成工作了吗?)
否定句:在 do/does/did 后加 not(可缩写为 don't/doesn't/didn't),后面的动词用原形。
举例:I don't know his name.(我不知道他的名字。)
She doesn't like swimming.(她不喜欢游泳。)
They didn't go to school last Monday.(他们上周一没去上学。)
(2)用于强调句中,加强语气
通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时,放在主要动词前,主语后。
举例:He does know the answer.(他确实知道答案。)
I did finish my homework.(我真的完成作业了。)
(3)用于避免重复,代替前面出现过的动词
举例:She likes singing, and I do too.(她喜欢唱歌,我也喜欢。)
He didn't attend the meeting, but she did.(他没参加会议,但她参加了。)
(
二、have/has/had 的用法
)
主要用于构成现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
举例:I have lived here for 10 years.(我在这里住了 10 年了。)
When I arrived, they had left.(我到的时候,他们已经走了。)
By next month, I will have learned 1000 words.(到下个月,我将已经学了 1000 个单词了。)
(
三、will/would、shall/should 的用法
)
(1)will/would
will 用于构成一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
举例:I will go to Beijing tomorrow.(我明天要去北京。)
would 可用于构成过去将来时,表示从过去的角度看将来要发生的动作;也可用于委婉语气。
举例:Would you please help me?(你能帮我一下吗?)
(2)shall/should
shall 用于第一人称(I/we)构成一般将来时,现在多用于正式场合或法律文件中。
举例:We shall meet at the school gate.(我们将在学校门口见面。)
should 表示 “应该”,用于提出建议、义务等;也可用于虚拟语气。
举例:You should study hard.(你应该努力学习。)
I suggested that he should go there.(我建议他去那里。)
(
四、be(am/is/are/was/were)的用法
)
(1)构成进行时态:be + 现在分词,包括现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时等。
举例:They are playing basketball now.(他们现在正在打篮球。)
He was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night.(昨晚 8 点他正在看书。)
(2)构成被动语态:be + 过去分词,表示主语是动作的承受者。
举例:The house is built by workers.(这房子是工人们建造的。)
The letter was sent yesterday.(这封信是昨天寄出的。)
【即时训练】
7.______ you go to the cinema last night?
A. Do B. Did C. Does D. Will
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般过去时的助动词用法。句中 “last night”(昨晚)是一般过去时的标志,助动词用 “did”,用于构成一般疑问句。
8.These books ______ being read by the students.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】B
【解析】考查助动词be用法和主谓一致。句中 “being read” 提示是现在进行时的被动语态,结构为 “am/is/are + being done”。主语 “these books” 是复数,故助动词用 “are”。
9.______ you finish the report by tomorrow?
A. Do B. Have C. Will D. Are
【答案】C
【解析】考查一般将来时的助动词will。“by tomorrow”(到明天)表示将来时间,一般将来时的一般疑问句由助动词 “will” 引导,故选 C。
10. She ______ working in this company for five years by next month.
A. is B. has been C. will have been D. had been
【答案】C
【解析】考查将来完成时的助动词。“by next month”(到下个月)是将来完成时的标志,结构为 “will have + 过去分词”,助动词用 “will have”。
11.______ we start the meeting now or wait for the manager?
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Should
【答案】B
【解析】shall 兼做助动词和情态动词。此处用于第一人称表建议。句意为 “我们现在开始会议还是等经理?”,“shall” 用于第一人称(we)可表示征求意见或提出建议,故选 B。
12.--Of the four seasons in a year, I like autumn best.
--_________. It's neither too hot nor too cold.
A.So do I B.Sounds great C.Neither do I D.I beg to differ
【答案】A
【解析】so 引导的倒装句(助动词的替代用法)。上句表示 “我最喜欢秋天”,下句赞同并说 “它不冷不热”。“So do I” 意为 “我也是”,用助动词 “do” 替代前文的实义动词 “like”。
13.No sooner_________to school than she began to clean her classroom.
A.she had got B.had she got C.she got D.did she get
【答案】B
【解析】no sooner...than... 结构中的倒装与助动词。“no sooner...than...” 表示 “一…… 就……”,前半句需部分倒装(助动词提前),且时态为过去完成时(had + 过去分词),故倒装后为 “had she got”。
14.--You have joined the Singing Club, haven't you?
--_________. I like singing, but I don't have any time.
A. Yes, I do. B. No, I didn’t. C. Yes, I have. D. No, I haven’t
【答案】D
【解析】反义疑问句的回答(助动词一致性)。反义疑问句“haven't you”对应现在完成时,回答需保持助动词一致。根据“but I don't have any time”(但我没时间)可知是否定回答,故选 “ No, I haven’t”。
15.--Do you like watching films?
--Yes, I _________.
【答案】do
【解析】一般现在时的助动词简略回答。一般疑问句 “Do you...?” 的肯定回答为 “Yes, I do.”,助动词 “do” 替代前文的 “like watching films”。
16.It_________(say) that he won the competition.
【答案】is said
【解析】被动语态中的助动词;“It is said that...” 是固定句型,意为 “据说……”,被动语态中助动词 “is” 与过去分词 “said” 构成谓语。
17.If it rains, I_________(stay) at home.
【答案】will stay
【解析】if 条件句中的时态(主将从现)。if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时(rains),主句用一般将来时,助动词 “will”+ 动词原形 “stay” 构成将来时。
【知识点清单三】情态动词的用法
(
情态动词的用法
)
情态动词是一类本身有一定词义,表示说话人的语气、态度(如能力、许可、义务、推测等),但不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语的动词。常见的情态动词有 can/could、may/might、must、shall/should、will/would、need、dare 等。
(
一、can/could 的用法
)
(1)表示能力:can 表示现在的能力,could 表示过去的能力。
举例:She can speak three languages.(她会说三种语言。)
When he was young, he could swim very well.(他年轻时游泳能游得很好。)
(2)表示许可:can 用于口语中表示 “可以”,could 语气更委婉。
举例:Can I use your pen?(我可以用你的笔吗?)
Could I borrow your book?(我可以借你的书吗?)
(3)表示推测:can 用于否定句和疑问句中表示 “可能”,could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句,语气比 can 弱。
举例:He can't be at home.(他不可能在家。)
Could it be true?(这可能是真的吗?)
(
二、may/might 的用法
)
(1)表示许可:may 表示 “可以”,语气比 can 正式;might 语气更委婉,可能性更小。
举例:You may go now.(你现在可以走了。)
Might I ask a question?(我可以问个问题吗?)
(2)表示推测:may 表示 “可能”,用于肯定句;might 语气更弱,可能性更低。
举例:He may come tomorrow.(他明天可能会来。)
She might have forgotten the meeting.(她可能忘记会议了。)
(3)may 用于祈使句,表示祝愿
举例:May you be happy!(祝你快乐!)
(
三、must 的用法
)
(1)表示义务或命令:意为 “必须”,否定形式 mustn't 表示 “禁止”。
举例:You must finish your homework on time.(你必须按时完成作业。)
You mustn't smoke here.(禁止在这里吸烟。)
(2)表示肯定推测:意为 “一定”,用于肯定句,语气非常肯定。
举例:He must be in the classroom.(他一定在教室里。)
She must have known the news.(她一定已经知道这个消息了。)
(3)must 引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to
举例: —Must I hand in the report today?(我今天必须交报告吗?)
—No, you needn't.(不,你不必。)
(
四、shall/should 的用法
)
shall:用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示征求对方意见;用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示命令、警告、允诺等。
举例:Shall we go for a walk?(我们去散步好吗?)
He shall be punished.(他会受到惩罚的。)
should:表示 “应该”,强调义务或责任;也可表示推测、建议等。
举例:You should respect your parents.(你应该尊敬父母。)
It should rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)
(
五、will/would 的用法
)
will:表示意愿、决心;用于第二人称疑问句中,表示请求;还可表示习惯性动作。
举例:I will help you.(我会帮你。)
Will you pass me the salt?(你能把盐递给我吗?)
My father will go for a walk every evening.(我父亲每天晚上都会散步。)
would:表示过去的意愿;用于委婉请求;还可表示过去的习惯性动作。
举例:He said he would come.(他说他会来。)
Would you like a cup of tea?(你想喝杯茶吗?)
When I was a child, I would play here every day.(我小时候每天都在这里玩。)
(
六、need/dare 的用法
)
need:表示 “需要”,作情态动词时,常用于否定句和疑问句,后接动词原形;作实义动词时,有人称和时态的变化,后接 to do。
举例:You needn't worry.(你不必担心。)
He needs to finish the work.(他需要完成这项工作。)
dare:表示 “敢”,作情态动词时,常用于否定句和疑问句,后接动词原形;作实义动词时,有人称和时态的变化,后接 to do。
举例:She dare not go alone.(她不敢一个人去。)
He dares to speak in public.(他敢在公共场合讲话。)
(
七、其他情态动词(had better、used to、have to、ought to)
)
had better:表示 “最好”,否定式直接加not。
举例:You’d better not swim in the river. It’s very dangerous. (你最好不要在河里游泳,这很危险)
used to:表示 “过去常常...”,否定式可以用 used not to,也可以用didn't use to。
举例:You used to go there, usedn’t you/didn’t you? (你过去常到那儿去,是吗?)
have to:表示“不得不”,否定式用don't/doesn’t have to。
举例:We don’t have to do our homework today. (今天我们不必做作业。)
ought to:表示“应该”,用来表达义务、建议或预期。否定式用ought not to或缩写为“oughtn’t to。举例:You ought not to stay up late.”(你不应该熬夜。)
【即时训练】
18.You ______ play with fire. It's very dangerous.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. wouldn't D. shouldn't
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词表 “禁止”。mustn't 意为 “禁止,不允许”,强调绝对不能做;needn't 意为 “不必”;wouldn't 意为 “不会(表意愿)”;shouldn't 意为 “不应该(表建议)”。句中 “玩火很危险” 表明是 “禁止” 行为,故选 A。
19.--______ I borrow your dictionary?
--Yes, you can.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Should
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词表 “请求许可”。can 可用于请求对方允许,回答中用 “you can” 呼应,形成 “Can I...? Yes, you can.” 的固定搭配。must(必须)、need(需要)、should(应该)均不与答句的 can 呼应,故选 C。
20.You ______ better finish your homework before watching TV.
A.had B. would C. should D. need
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配 “had better”。had better 是情态动词短语,意为 “最好”,后接动词原形,没有人称或时态变化,固定表达为 “sb had better do sth”,故选 A。
21.You ______ take an umbrella. It's going to rain.
A. should B. would C. will D. may
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词表 “建议”。should 意为 “应该”,用于提出合理建议;would 表过去将来或意愿;will 表将来;may 表 “可能”。句中 “要下雨” 暗示 “应该带伞”,是建议,故选 A。
22.She ______ speak French fluently when she was only ten years old.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词表 “过去的能力”。can 表现在的能力,其过去式 could 表过去的能力。句中 “when she was only ten” 表明是过去时间,需用过去式,故选 B。
23.--______ I use your phone for a minute?
--Of course, here you are.
A. Must B. Need C. May D. Should
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词表 “委婉请求”。may 用于请求对方许可,语气比 can 更委婉;must(必须)、need(需要)、should(应该)均不用于此类请求,故选 C。
24. He ______ have told a lie because his face turned red.
A. must B.should C. can D. need
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词表 “过去的肯定推测”。must have done 意为 “一定做了某事”,表示对过去情况的肯定推测。句中 “脸红” 是明确依据,表肯定推测,故选 A。
25.--Must I return the book today?
--No, you ______. You can keep it for two more days.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. won't
【答案】C
【解析】考查 must 否定回答的固定用法。must 意为 “必须”,其否定回答不用 mustn't(禁止),而用 needn't(不必),表示 “不需要做”,故选 C。
26.They ______ to wear uniforms at school when they were students.
A.used B. ought C. had D. dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配 “used to”。used to do sth 意为 “过去常常做某事”,符合句中 “when they were students”(过去时间)的语境;ought to 意为 “应该”(无过去 “常常” 含义);had to 意为 “不得不”(强调被迫,此处无被迫含义);dare 意为 “敢”(与语境不符),故选 A。
27.--______ we go for a walk after dinner?
--Good idea.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词表 “提建议”。shall 用于第一人称(I/we)提出建议或请求对方意见,意为 “我们…… 好吗?”;will 用于第二、三人称;would 是 will 的过去式;should 表 “应该”。句中主语是 we,表建议,故选 B。
28.He ______ not have arrived yet. The train is usually late.
A. must B. might C. should D. would
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词表 “过去的否定推测(可能性)”。might not have done 意为 “可能还没做某事”,表不确定的否定推测;must not 表禁止;should not have done 意为 “本不该做却做了”;would 不表推测。句中 “火车通常晚点” 暗示 “可能没到”,故选 B。
29.You______ to school tomorrow if you go to hospital.
A. don’t need come B. won’t nee come
C. needn't to come D.don’t need to come
【答案】D
【解析】考查 need 的用法。need 可作情态动词(后接动词原形,否定为 needn't do)或实义动词(后接to do,否定为don't/doesn't need to do)。选项 A(don’t need come)、B(won’t need come)形式错误(实义动词需加 to);C(needn’t to come)错误(情态动词 needn’t 后接原形,不加 to);D(don’t need to come)符合实义动词用法,故选 D。
30.He ____________(dare)go out alone at night. He is not that brave.
【答案】dare not
【解析】考查 dare 的用法。dare 作情态动词时,后接动词原形,否定为 dare not;作实义动词时,后接 to do,否定为 doesn't dare to。句中 “go” 是原形,故用情态动词的否定形式。
31.She used to______(write) a letter to her grandma, but now she______(do).
【答案】write; doesn't
【解析】第一空考查 used to 情态动词的用法。used to 后接动词原形,意为 “过去常常做某事”,故填 write;第二空考查助动词用法。“but now” 表现在与过去对比,说明 “现在不做了”,用 doesn't 代替 “doesn't write a letter”(避免重复),故第二空填 doesn't。
32.--_________you pass me the salt, please?
--No problem.
【答案】Would
【解析】考查情态动词表 “委婉请求”。Would you...? 是固定句型,用于礼貌请求对方做某事,语气比 Will you...? 更委婉,符合语境,故填 Would。
33.Jack______ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A.mustn't have arrived B.shouldn't have arrived
C.can't have arrived D.needn't have arrived
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词表 “过去的否定推测(确定性)”。otherwise 引导虚拟语气(“否则他本会打电话”),暗示实际 “没打电话”,因此推测 “他不可能到了”。can't have done 意为 “不可能做了某事”,表过去的确定性否定推测;mustn't have done 语法错误;shouldn't have done 意为 “本不该到却到了”;needn't have done 意为 “不必到却到了”。故选 C。
【知识点清单四】动词短语及固定搭配
【要点精讲】
(
动词短语及固定搭配
)
(
一、动词短语
)
(1)动词 + 介词
这类短语中,介词不可省略,宾语通常放在介词后。
如:listen to听;result in导致;lead to导致;hear from听说;turn on打开; give in屈服;laugh at嘲笑; bring about引起、导致;stick to坚持;look forward to期盼; name...after...以..的名字命名;look out of看向...外面;seek for寻求;agree with同意;spend...on...花...在...上;take care of负责;worry about担心; try on试穿;insist on...坚持;succeed in...成功做成;fight against...与...斗争;protect/prevent...from...保护...免受...
(2)动词 + 副词
这类短语中,副词的位置灵活,宾语为名词时可放在副词前后;宾语为代词时,必须放在副词前。
如:put on穿上; take off脱下;起飞;turn up调大(音量等)、出现;turn down调小(音量等)、拒绝;give up放弃;pick up:捡起、接(人);put away:收起来、放好;take away拿走、带走
(3)动词 + 副词 + 介词
如:look forward to期待 catch up with赶上 get along with:与…… 相处
come up with想出 run out of用完;耗尽 get out of从…… 出来;避免
(
二、动词的固定搭配
)
动词的固定搭配是指某些动词与特定的词(名词、形容词、不定式、动名词等)形成的固定组合,需牢记其用法。
(1)动词 + 名词
如:make a decision做决定 do homework做作业 have a rest休息一下
take a walk散步 give a talk做演讲
(2)动词 + 形容词
如:keep healthy保持健康 get ready准备好 feel happy感到高兴
seem tired似乎很累 become strong变得强壮
(3)动词 + 不定式(to do)
如:want to do 想要做 hope to do希望做 decide to do决定做
plan to do计划做 refuse to do拒绝做 pretend to do 假装做
need to do 需要做 promise to do 承诺做某事 manage to do 设法做成 afford to do 负担得起做某事 fail to do 没有做成某事 try to do 努力做某事
make up one's mind to do下定决心做
(4)动词 + 动名词(doing)
如:enjoy doing享受做某事 finish doing 完成某事 suggest doing建议做某事
practise doing练习做某事 mind doing介意做某事 consider doing考虑做某事
give up doing 放弃做某事 insist on doing坚持做某事 permit doing允许做某事
can't help doing情不自禁做某事 devote oneself to doing致力于做某事
have difficulty(in)doing做某事有困难
(
附:动词高频短语清单
)
【即时训练】
34.She always laughs ______ people who make mistakes in public.
A. at B. to C. with D. for
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配 laugh at,意为 “嘲笑”。句意为 “她总是嘲笑在公共场合犯错的人”,故选 A。
35.He decided to give ______ smoking after his doctor's advice.
A.in B. up C. out D. off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语 give up,意为 “放弃”。句意为 “遵医嘱后,他决定戒烟”,其他选项:give in(屈服)、give out(分发)、give off(散发)均不符合语境,故选 B。
36.We are looking forward ______ meeting you at the conference.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配 look forward to,其中 “to” 是介词,后接动名词,意为 “期待”。句意为 “我们期待在会议上见到你”,故选 A。
37.The company has turned ______ several offers because they don't meet our requirements.
A. down B. up C. off D. out
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语 turn down,意为 “拒绝”。句意为 “公司拒绝了几个报价,因为它们不符合我们的要求”,其他选项:turn up(出现)、turn off(关闭)、turn out(结果是)均不符合,故选 A。
38.She spent hours ______ for her missing necklace, but couldn't find it.
A. look B. looking C. to look D. looked
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配 spend time (in) doing sth.,意为 “花费时间做某事”,“in” 可省略。句意为 “她花了几个小时找丢失的项链,但没找到”,故选 B。
39.You should apologize ______ your rude behavior to your classmates.
A. for B. to C. with D. about
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配 apologize for,意为 “为…… 道歉”(for 后接道歉的原因);若接对象用 “apologize to sb.”。句中 “rude behavior” 是道歉的原因,故选 A。
40.The firemen managed to put ______ the big fire before it spread to other buildings.
A. out B. off C. up D. away
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语 put out,意为 “扑灭(火)”。句意为 “消防员在大火蔓延到其他建筑前成功将其扑灭”,其他选项:put off(推迟)、put up(张贴)、put away(收好)均不符合,故选 A。
41.He suggested ______ a meeting to discuss the problem immediately.
A.have B. to have C. having D. had
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词 suggest 的用法,后接动名词(doing),意为 “建议做某事”。句意为 “他建议立即开会讨论这个问题”,故选 C。
42.The old photo reminded me ______ my happy childhood in the countryside.
A. of B. to C. for D. with
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配 remind sb. of sth.,意为 “使某人想起某事”。句意为 “这张老照片让我想起了在乡下的快乐童年”,故选 A。
43.She can't afford ______ a new car with her current salary.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配 afford to do sth.,意为 “有能力做某事”(afford 后接不定式)。句意为 “凭她现在的工资,她买不起新车”,故选 B。
44.He seems ______ the truth, but he just doesn't want to tell us.
A. know B. knowing C. to know D. knew
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配 seem to do sth.,意为 “似乎 / 好像做某事”。句意为 “他似乎知道真相,但就是不想告诉我们”,故选 C。
45.To everybody's surprise, the fashionable young lady______to be a thief.
A.found out B.proved out C.turned out D.put out
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语 turn out,意为 “结果是;原来是”,常用搭配 “turn out to be...”。句意为 “令所有人惊讶的是,这位时髦的年轻女士原来是个小偷”,故选 C。
46.She______state secrets to the enemy.
A.gave out B.gave away C.gave up D.gave off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语 give away,意为 “泄露(秘密等)”。句意为 “她向敌人泄露了国家机密”,其他选项:give out(分发)、give up(放弃)、give off(散发)均不符合,故选 B。
47.If the weather______to be rainy, we may have to______the sports meeting.
A. runs out;call on B. breaks out;call for
C.finds out; call at D. turns out; call off
【答案】D
【解析】第一空考查 turn out to be(结果是);第二空考查 call off(取消)。句意为 “如果天气结果是下雨,我们可能不得不取消运动会”,其他选项均不符合语境,故选 D。
48.The students are looking forward to ______ (visit) the science museum next week.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查 look forward to doing sth.(期待做某事),“to” 是介词,后接动名词。故填 visiting。
49.She has been trying to catch up ______ her classmates since she returned to school.
【答案】with
【解析】考查固定搭配 catch up with,意为 “赶上”。句意为 “自从返校后,她一直努力赶上同学们”,故填 with。
50.The old man decided to give ______ all his money to the charity.
【答案】away
【解析】考查动词短语 give away,意为 “捐赠”。句意为 “老人决定把所有钱捐给慈善机构”,故填 away。
51.Please turn ______ the lights when you leave the room to save electricity.
【答案】off
【解析】考查动词短语 turn off,意为 “关闭(电器等)”。句意为 “离开房间时请关灯以节约用电”,故填 off。
52.My brother is good at ______ (pick) up new skills quickly.
【答案】picking
【解析】考查 be good at doing sth.(擅长做某事),“at” 是介词,后接动名词。故填 picking。
53.The meeting was put ______ because the manager was ill.
【答案】off
【解析】考查动词短语 put off,意为“推迟”。句意为“因为经理生病了,会议被推迟了”,故填 off。
54.We should depend ______ ourselves rather than others to achieve our goals.
【答案】on
【解析】考查固定搭配 depend on,意为 “依靠;依赖”。句意为 “我们应该依靠自己而不是别人来实现目标”,故填 on。
55.She spent two hours ______ (put) away all her books and toys.
【答案】putting
【解析】考查 spend time (in) doing sth.(花费时间做某事),故填 putting。
56.The firemen worked hard to put ______ the big fire in the factory.
【答案】out
【解析】考查 put out(扑灭),句意为 “消防员努力扑灭了工厂的大火”,故填 out。
57.They came up ______ a good solution to the problem after a long discussion.
【答案】with
【解析】考查固定搭配 come up with,意为 “想出(主意、解决方案等)”。句意为 “经过长时间讨论,他们想出了一个解决问题的好办法”,故填 with。
【知识点清单五】动词的特殊用法 (
一、感官动词(表行为)用法
)
表动作的感官动词主要有see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice(注意到)、observe(观察到)
用法:后接 “宾语 + 补足语”,补足语有两种形式:
接 “宾语 + do sth”:强调动作的全过程(主动、完成)。
接 “宾语 + doing sth”:强调动作正在进行(主动、进行中)。
举例:I saw her enter the building.(我看见她走进了大楼。→ 全过程)
We heard them laughing loudly.(我们听见他们在大声笑。→ 正在进行)
注意事项:被动语态中,省略的不定式符号 “to” 必须还原(主动句中 “do” 前无 “to”,被动句中需加 “to”)。
举例:She was seen to enter the building.(有人看见她走进了大楼。)
(
二、使役动词用法
)
使役动词表示 “使、让、令” 等促使他人或事物发生变化的意义,常见的有 make、let、have、get 等。
(1)make(迫使、使)
用法:接 “宾语 + do sth”:表示 “迫使某人做某事”(主动,不带 “to”)。
接 “宾语 + 形容词”:表示 “使某物处于某种状态”。
举例:The boss made the workers work overtime.(老板迫使工人加班。)
The news made her happy.(这个消息让她很高兴。)
注意事项:被动语态中,“do” 前必须加 “to”(主动句省略 “to”,被动句还原)。
举例:The workers were made to work overtime.(工人被迫加班。)
(2)let(允许、让)
用法:接 “宾语 + do sth”:表示 “允许某人做某事”,语气较委婉,不带 “to”。
举例:My parents let me watch TV for an hour.(父母允许我看一小时电视。)
Let him go alone.(让他自己去吧。)
注意事项:无被动语态(不能说 “be let to do”)。
后接不带 “to” 的不定式(不可说 “let sb. to do”)。
(3)have(让、请、使)
用法:接 “宾语 + do sth”:表示 “让某人做某事”(强调委托或安排,主语不亲自做)。
接 “宾语 + done”:表示 “让某事被做”(宾语与动作是被动关系;委托他人做)。
举例:I’ll have my brother fix the bike.(我会让我弟弟修自行车。)
She had her hair cut yesterday.(她昨天剪了头发。→ 让别人剪的)
注意事项:无被动语态,不可说 “be had to do”。
“have sth. done” 中,主语不直接执行动作,而是让他人完成。
(4)get(设法使、说服)
用法:接 “宾语 + to do sth”:表示 “说服某人做某事”(需带 “to”)。
接 “宾语 + done”:表示 “使某事被做”(与“have sth. done” 类似,更口语)。
举例:He got his sister to help with the housework.(他说服姐姐帮忙做家务。)
We need to get the car repaired.(我们得把车修一下。)
注意事项:接不定式时必须带 “to”(与 let、make 不同)。
强调 “通过努力促使某事发生”,语气比 have 更主动。
(
三、主动表被动的特殊用法
)
(1)感官系动词主动表被动:如sound(听起来),taste(吃起来),smell(闻起来),feel(摸起来),look,seem(看起来)。
(2)不及物动词主动表被动:用作不及物动词的open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook等,当主语是物,且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
(3)动词blame等:不定式to blame等作表语时,用主动表示被动。
(4)某些特殊动词:有些特殊的动词如need,want,require等,后面接动名词时,可以用主动形式表示被动意义。
【即时训练】
58. We saw the thief ______ the house and run away quickly.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered
【答案】A
【解析】“see sb. do sth.” 表示 “看见某人做某事的全过程”,句中 “enter” 和 “run” 是并列动作,均用原形,意为 “我们看见小偷进了房子,然后迅速跑掉了”。
59. The teacher made him ______ his mistake in front of the whole class.
A. admit B. to admit C. admitting D. admitted
【答案】A
【解析】使役动词 “make” 后接不带 to 的不定式(do)作宾补,意为 “让某人做某事”,句意为 “老师让他在全班面前承认错误”。
60. The cloth ______ very soft, so I want to buy it.
A. feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. felt
【答案】A
【解析】感官动词 “feel”(摸起来)无被动语态,用主动形式表被动含义,主语是第三人称单数,故填 feels,句意为 “这布料摸起来很软,所以我想买它”。
61. My parents don't let me ______ out alone at night.
A. go B. to go C. going D. gone
【答案】A
【解析】使役动词 “let” 后接不带 to 的不定式(do)作宾补,意为 “让某人做某事”,句意为 “我父母不让我晚上单独出去”。
62. I ______ my hair ______ yesterday afternoon.
A. have; cut B. have; to cut
C. had; cut D. had; to cut
【答案】C
【解析】“have sth. done” 表示 “让某事被做(请别人做)”,句中时间是 “yesterday afternoon”,故用过去式 had;“cut” 的过去分词还是 cut,句意为 “我昨天下午剪了头发”。
63. The old man was noticed ______ into the bank just now.
A. go B. to go C. going D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】感官动词 “notice” 用于被动语态时,其后不定式需带 to,即 “be noticed to do sth.”,意为 “被注意到做某事”,句意为 “刚才有人注意到老人走进了银行”。
64. This kind of food ______ well, so it sells out quickly every day.
A. is tasted B. tastes C. tasted D. is tasting
【答案】B
【解析】感官动词 “taste”(尝起来)无被动语态,用主动形式表被动,主语是第三人称单数,故填 tastes,句意为 “这种食物味道很好,所以每天很快售罄”。
65. She got her brother ______ the piano for her while she sang.
A.play B. to play C. playing D. played
【答案】B
【解析】“get sb. to do sth.” 表示 “让某人做某事”,句意为 “她唱歌时让哥哥为她弹钢琴”。
66. I heard someone ______ at the door when I was watching TV.
A. knock B. to knock C. knocking D. knocked
【答案】C
【解析】“hear sb. doing sth.” 表示 “听见某人正在做某事”,句意为 “我看电视时听到有人在敲门”(强调动作正在进行)。
67. The car needs ______ before we go on a trip.
A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repaired
【答案】C
【解析】“need doing” 表示 “需要被做”(主动形式表被动含义),相当于 “need to be done”,句意为 “旅行前汽车需要修理”。
68. We watched the children ______ (play) happily in the park.
【答案】play
【解析】“watch sb. do sth.” 表示 “看见某人做某事的全过程”,故填 play,句意为 “我们看见孩子们在公园里开心地玩耍”。
69. The boss made all the employees ______ (work) extra hours last week.
【答案】work
【解析】“make sb. do sth.” 后接不带 to 的不定式,故填 work,句意为 “上周老板让所有员工加班”。
70. This shirt ______ (wash) well, so it's worth buying.
【答案】washes
【解析】wash well” 表示 “耐洗”(主动形式表被动),主语是第三人称单数,故填 washes。
71. My mother had the house ______ (clean) before the guests arrived.
【答案】cleaned
【解析】“have sth. done” 表示 “让某事被做”,故填 cleaned,句意为 “客人到来前,妈妈让别人把房子打扫了”。
72. I saw a stranger ______ (stand) outside our house when I came back.
【答案】standing
【解析】“see sb. doing sth.” 表示 “看见某人正在做某事”,故填 standing,句意为 “我回来时看见一个陌生人正站在我们家外面”。
73. The girl was heard ______ (sing) a beautiful song in the next room.
【答案】to sing
【解析】“hear” 用于被动语态时,不定式需带 to,即 “be heard to do sth.”,故填 to sing,句意为 “有人听见女孩在隔壁房间唱一首好听的歌”。
74. They let their children ______ (choose) their own hobbies.
【答案】choose
【解析】“let sb. do sth.” 后接不带 to 的不定式,故填 choose,句意为 “他们让孩子们自己选择爱好”。
75. This kind of flower ______ (smell) very sweet in spring.
【答案】smells
【解析】感官动词 “smell”(闻起来)无被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,故填 smells。
76. She got her sister ______ (help) her with the homework.
【答案】to help
【解析】“get sb. to do sth.” 表示 “让某人做某事”,故填 to help,句意为 “她让姐姐帮她辅导作业”。
77.The broken window requires ______ (fix) as soon as possible.
【答案】fixing
【解析】“require doing” 表示 “需要被做”(主动形式表被动),故填 fixing,句意为 “破窗户需要尽快修好”。
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编写说明:2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分30个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇、词组及句型的语言运用清单,同时也包括了口语交际的提问与回答。第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题,内容为动词。
2026版江苏省(职教高考)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题8 动词(讲+练)
(
【考点解读】
纵观
近
五
年的职教高考真题,
对动词的考查非常频繁。本专题只针对动词的分类及具体用法进行知识梳理,不包含时态(专题12)、语态(专题13)、非谓语(专题16)等,将主要考查角度梳理为以下几方面:
1.动词辨析
——既考查单词识记和语境判断,也考查形近词辨析;一般不考察近义词。
(
2021年第5题;2022年第6题;2023年第7、10题;
2024年第7题
)
2.动词短语辨析
——主要考查同一动词不同搭配的词义辨析,如2022年第5题
give up
、
give in
、
give out
、
give off
辨析;2021年第9题和2024年第10题均考查
turn和take相
关短语辨析。偶尔考查语境判断,如2021年第4题,选项为4个不同短语。
3.动词的固定搭配
——如2024年第6题考查介词搭配
devote oneself to
;2019年第1题考查不定式搭配prefer to do。
4.特殊类动词的用法
——
如
感官动词
、
使役动词
用法(
2024年第2题考查感官动词接宾补
hear sb.
do/d
o
ing
sth.
);主动表被动的特殊类动词用法(如need
do
ing=need to be
done
)
;系动词、情态动词用法;suggest、require、demand等从句虚拟语气。
)
动词的分类及用法
【知识点清单一】系动词的用法
(
系动词的用法
)
系动词的用法是联系主语和表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)。系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构,用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
(
一、be动词
)
be 动词(am、is、are、was、were)之后可接名词、形容词、介词短语、分词等作表语,用于说明主语的身份、性质、所处状态等。
举例:
She is a teacher. 她是一名教师。(说明主语的身份)
The flowers are beautiful. 这些花很漂亮(描述主语的特征)
They were in the classroom just now. 他们刚才在教室里。(说明主语的位置)
The window is broken. 窗户破了。(描述主语的状态)
(
二、感官动词
)
感官动词表示主语给人的感官印象,主要有 feel(感觉)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)等。通常接形容词作表语,强调主语给人的感官感受。
举例:
The silk feels soft. 这丝绸摸起来很柔软。(说明丝绸给人的触感)
You look happy today. 你今天看起来很高兴。(描述主语的表情给人的印象)
The music sounds wonderful. 这首音乐听起来很美妙。(说明音乐给人的听觉感受)
The soup tastes delicious. 这汤尝起来很美味。(表达汤的味道)
The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。(描述花的气味)
(
三、表示变化的系动词
)
表示变化的系动词用来表示主语发生的变化,常见的有 become(变成)、get(变得)、turn(变成)、grow(变得;成长为)、go(变得,通常指不好的变化)等。后接形容词、名词等作表语,体现主语从一种状态向另一种状态的转变。
举例:
He became a doctor when he was 25. 他 25 岁时成了一名医生。(说明主语身份的变化)
The weather gets cold in winter. 冬天天气变冷。(表天气状态的变化)
The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。(描述树叶颜色的变化)
She has grown taller in the past year. 过去一年她长高了。(表成长过程中的变化)
The milk has gone bad. 牛奶变质了。(指不好的变化)
(
四、表示持续的系动词
)
表示持续的系动词用来表示主语持续的状态,如 remain(保持)、stay(保持)、keep(保持)等。后接形容词、名词等作表语,强调主语维持某种状态不变。
举例:
The door remained open all night. 门整夜都开着。(表状态的持续)
He stayed single all his life. 他一辈子都是单身。(说明主语状态的持续)
Keep quiet in the library. 在图书馆里保持安静。(强调维持安静的状态)
(
五、其他特殊系动词
)
其他系动词有表象系动词,表示“看起来像”,主要有 seem(似乎;好像)、appear(显得;似乎)等。后可接形容词、不定式、that 从句等作表语,表达一种主观上的判断或表象。也有表示结果的系动词,如turn out(结果是);prove(证明是)。
举例:
He seems tired. 他好像很累。(seem 后接形容词,表主观判断)
She appears to be happy. 她似乎很高兴。(appear 后接不定式作表语)
It seems that he is ill. 他好像生病了。(seem 后接 that 从句)
The situation turned out to be better than we expected. 结果比我们预想得要好。(turn out后接不定式)
【即时训练】
1.He is ________ in class, but ________ at home with his siblings.
A. quiet; noise B. quietly; noisy C. quiet; noisy D. quietly; noise
2.It’s ________ that we’ll finish the task by Friday if we work harder.
A. Possibly B. probably C. possibility D.likely
3.She looks ________because she failed the exam, but she tried ________.
A. sad; hard B. sadly; hard C. sad; hardly D. sadly; hardly
4.The silk________(feel) very soft. 丝绸触感很软。
5.--He seems________(happy).
--He failed the final exam and was scolded by his mother.
6.The final exam turned out________. (困难)。
【知识点清单二】助动词的用法
(
助动词的用法
)
助动词本身没有实际词义,不能单独作谓语,只能协助主要动词构成谓语,用来表示时态、语态、语气、否定、疑问等语法意义的动词。常见的助动词有 do/does/did、have/has/had、will/would、shall/should、be(am/is/are/was/were)等。
(
一、do/does/did 的用法
)
(1)构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句。
疑问句:将 do/does/did 置于句首,后面的动词用原形。
举例:Do you like English?(你喜欢英语吗?)
Does he often go to the park?(他经常去公园吗?)
Did they finish the work yesterday?(他们昨天完成工作了吗?)
否定句:在 do/does/did 后加 not(可缩写为 don't/doesn't/didn't),后面的动词用原形。
举例:I don't know his name.(我不知道他的名字。)
She doesn't like swimming.(她不喜欢游泳。)
They didn't go to school last Monday.(他们上周一没去上学。)
(2)用于强调句中,加强语气
通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时,放在主要动词前,主语后。
举例:He does know the answer.(他确实知道答案。)
I did finish my homework.(我真的完成作业了。)
(3)用于避免重复,代替前面出现过的动词
举例:She likes singing, and I do too.(她喜欢唱歌,我也喜欢。)
He didn't attend the meeting, but she did.(他没参加会议,但她参加了。)
(
二、have/has/had 的用法
)
主要用于构成现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
举例:I have lived here for 10 years.(我在这里住了 10 年了。)
When I arrived, they had left.(我到的时候,他们已经走了。)
By next month, I will have learned 1000 words.(到下个月,我将已经学了 1000 个单词了。)
(
三、will/would、shall/should 的用法
)
(1)will/would
will 用于构成一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
举例:I will go to Beijing tomorrow.(我明天要去北京。)
would 可用于构成过去将来时,表示从过去的角度看将来要发生的动作;也可用于委婉语气。
举例:Would you please help me?(你能帮我一下吗?)
(2)shall/should
shall 用于第一人称(I/we)构成一般将来时,现在多用于正式场合或法律文件中。
举例:We shall meet at the school gate.(我们将在学校门口见面。)
should 表示 “应该”,用于提出建议、义务等;也可用于虚拟语气。
举例:You should study hard.(你应该努力学习。)
I suggested that he should go there.(我建议他去那里。)
(
四、be(am/is/are/was/were)的用法
)
(1)构成进行时态:be + 现在分词,包括现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时等。
举例:They are playing basketball now.(他们现在正在打篮球。)
He was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night.(昨晚 8 点他正在看书。)
(2)构成被动语态:be + 过去分词,表示主语是动作的承受者。
举例:The house is built by workers.(这房子是工人们建造的。)
The letter was sent yesterday.(这封信是昨天寄出的。)
【即时训练】
7.______ you go to the cinema last night?
A. Do B. Did C. Does D. Will
8.These books ______ being read by the students.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
9.______ you finish the report by tomorrow?
A. Do B. Have C. Will D. Are
10. She ______ working in this company for five years by next month.
A. is B. has been C. will have been D. had been
11. ______ we start the meeting now or wait for the manager?
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Should
12.--Of the four seasons in a year, I like autumn best.
--_________. It's neither too hot nor too cold.
A.So do I B.Sounds great C.Neither do I D.I beg to differ
13.No sooner_________to school than she began to clean her classroom.
A.she had got B.had she got C.she got D.did she get
14.--You have joined the Singing Club, haven't you?
--_________. I like singing, but I don't have any time.
A. Yes, I do. B. No, I didn’t. C. Yes, I have. D. No, I haven’t
15.--Do you like watching films?
--Yes, I _________.
16.It_________(say) that he won the competition.
17.If it rains, I_________(stay) at home.
【知识点清单三】情态动词的用法
(
情态动词的用法
)
情态动词是一类本身有一定词义,表示说话人的语气、态度(如能力、许可、义务、推测等),但不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语的动词。常见的情态动词有 can/could、may/might、must、shall/should、will/would、need、dare 等。
(
一、can/could 的用法
)
(1)表示能力:can 表示现在的能力,could 表示过去的能力。
举例:She can speak three languages.(她会说三种语言。)
When he was young, he could swim very well.(他年轻时游泳能游得很好。)
(2)表示许可:can 用于口语中表示 “可以”,could 语气更委婉。
举例:Can I use your pen?(我可以用你的笔吗?)
Could I borrow your book?(我可以借你的书吗?)
(3)表示推测:can 用于否定句和疑问句中表示 “可能”,could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句,语气比 can 弱。
举例:He can't be at home.(他不可能在家。)
Could it be true?(这可能是真的吗?)
(
二、may/might 的用法
)
(1)表示许可:may 表示 “可以”,语气比 can 正式;might 语气更委婉,可能性更小。
举例:You may go now.(你现在可以走了。)
Might I ask a question?(我可以问个问题吗?)
(2)表示推测:may 表示 “可能”,用于肯定句;might 语气更弱,可能性更低。
举例:He may come tomorrow.(他明天可能会来。)
She might have forgotten the meeting.(她可能忘记会议了。)
(3)may 用于祈使句,表示祝愿
举例:May you be happy!(祝你快乐!)
(
三、must 的用法
)
(1)表示义务或命令:意为 “必须”,否定形式 mustn't 表示 “禁止”。
举例:You must finish your homework on time.(你必须按时完成作业。)
You mustn't smoke here.(禁止在这里吸烟。)
(2)表示肯定推测:意为 “一定”,用于肯定句,语气非常肯定。
举例:He must be in the classroom.(他一定在教室里。)
She must have known the news.(她一定已经知道这个消息了。)
(3)must 引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to
举例: —Must I hand in the report today?(我今天必须交报告吗?)
—No, you needn't.(不,你不必。)
(
四、shall/should 的用法
)
shall:用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示征求对方意见;用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示命令、警告、允诺等。
举例:Shall we go for a walk?(我们去散步好吗?)
He shall be punished.(他会受到惩罚的。)
should:表示 “应该”,强调义务或责任;也可表示推测、建议等。
举例:You should respect your parents.(你应该尊敬父母。)
It should rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)
(
五、will/would 的用法
)
will:表示意愿、决心;用于第二人称疑问句中,表示请求;还可表示习惯性动作。
举例:I will help you.(我会帮你。)
Will you pass me the salt?(你能把盐递给我吗?)
My father will go for a walk every evening.(我父亲每天晚上都会散步。)
would:表示过去的意愿;用于委婉请求;还可表示过去的习惯性动作。
举例:He said he would come.(他说他会来。)
Would you like a cup of tea?(你想喝杯茶吗?)
When I was a child, I would play here every day.(我小时候每天都在这里玩。)
(
六、need/dare 的用法
)
need:表示 “需要”,作情态动词时,常用于否定句和疑问句,后接动词原形;作实义动词时,有人称和时态的变化,后接 to do。
举例:You needn't worry.(你不必担心。)
He needs to finish the work.(他需要完成这项工作。)
dare:表示 “敢”,作情态动词时,常用于否定句和疑问句,后接动词原形;作实义动词时,有人称和时态的变化,后接 to do。
举例:She dare not go alone.(她不敢一个人去。)
He dares to speak in public.(他敢在公共场合讲话。)
(
七、其他情态动词(had better、used to、have to、ought to)
)
had better:表示 “最好”,否定式直接加not。
举例:You’d better not swim in the river. It’s very dangerous. (你最好不要在河里游泳,这很危险)
used to:表示 “过去常常...”,否定式可以用 used not to,也可以用didn't use to。
举例:You used to go there, usedn’t you/didn’t you? (你过去常到那儿去,是吗?)
have to:表示“不得不”,否定式用don't/doesn’t have to。
举例:We don’t have to do our homework today. (今天我们不必做作业。)
ought to:表示“应该”,用来表达义务、建议或预期。否定式用ought not to或缩写为“oughtn’t to。举例:You ought not to stay up late.”(你不应该熬夜。)
【即时训练】
18.You ______ play with fire. It's very dangerous.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. wouldn't D. shouldn't
19.--______ I borrow your dictionary?
--Yes, you can.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Should
20.You ______ better finish your homework before watching TV.
A.had B. would C. should D. need
21.You ______ take an umbrella. It's going to rain.
A. should B. would C. will D. may
22.She ______ speak French fluently when she was only ten years old.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
23.--______ I use your phone for a minute?
--Of course, here you are.
A. Must B. Need C. May D. Should
24. He ______ have told a lie because his face turned red.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
25.--Must I return the book today?
--No, you ______. You can keep it for two more days.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. won't
26.They ______ to wear uniforms at school when they were students.
A.used B. ought C. had D. dare
27.--______ we go for a walk after dinner?
--Good idea.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Should
28.He ______ not have arrived yet. The train is usually late.
A. must B. might C. should D. would
29.You______ to school tomorrow if you go to hospital.
A. don’t need come B. won’t nee come
C. needn't to come D.don’t need to come
30.He ____________(dare)go out alone at night. He is not that brave.
31.She used to______(write) a letter to her grandma, but now she______(do).
32.--_________you pass me the salt, please?
--No problem.
33.Jack______ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A.mustn't have arrived B.shouldn't have arrived
C.can't have arrived D.needn't have arrived
【知识点清单四】动词短语及固定搭配
【要点精讲】
(
动词短语及固定搭配
)
(
一、动词短语
)
(1)动词 + 介词
这类短语中,介词不可省略,宾语通常放在介词后。
如:listen to听;result in导致;lead to导致;hear from听说;turn on打开; give in屈服;laugh at嘲笑; bring about引起、导致;stick to坚持;look forward to期盼; name...after...以..的名字命名;look out of看向...外面;seek for寻求;agree with同意;spend...on...花...在...上;take care of负责;worry about担心; try on试穿;insist on...坚持;succeed in...成功做成;fight against...与...斗争;protect/prevent...from...保护...免受...
(2)动词 + 副词
这类短语中,副词的位置灵活,宾语为名词时可放在副词前后;宾语为代词时,必须放在副词前。
如:put on穿上; take off脱下;起飞;turn up调大(音量等)、出现;turn down调小(音量等)、拒绝;give up放弃;pick up:捡起、接(人);put away:收起来、放好;take away拿走、带走
(3)动词 + 副词 + 介词
如:look forward to期待 catch up with赶上 get along with:与…… 相处
come up with想出 run out of用完;耗尽 get out of从…… 出来;避免
(
二、动词的固定搭配
)
动词的固定搭配是指某些动词与特定的词(名词、形容词、不定式、动名词等)形成的固定组合,需牢记其用法。
(1)动词 + 名词
如:make a decision做决定 do homework做作业 have a rest休息一下
take a walk散步 give a talk做演讲
(2)动词 + 形容词
如:keep healthy保持健康 get ready准备好 feel happy感到高兴
seem tired似乎很累 become strong变得强壮
(3)动词 + 不定式(to do)
如:want to do 想要做 hope to do希望做 decide to do决定做
plan to do计划做 refuse to do拒绝做 pretend to do 假装做
need to do 需要做 promise to do 承诺做某事 manage to do 设法做成 afford to do 负担得起做某事 fail to do 没有做成某事 try to do 努力做某事
make up one's mind to do下定决心做
(4)动词 + 动名词(doing)
如:enjoy doing享受做某事 finish doing 完成某事 suggest doing建议做某事
practise doing练习做某事 mind doing介意做某事 consider doing考虑做某事
give up doing 放弃做某事 insist on doing坚持做某事 permit doing允许做某事
can't help doing情不自禁做某事 devote oneself to doing致力于做某事
have difficulty(in)doing做某事有困难
(
附:动词高频短语清单
)
【即时训练】
34.She always laughs ______ people who make mistakes in public.
A. at B. to C. with D. for
35.He decided to give ______ smoking after his doctor's advice.
A.in B. up C. out D. off
36.We are looking forward ______ meeting you at the conference.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
37.The company has turned ______ several offers because they don't meet our requirements.
A. down B. up C. off D. out
38.She spent hours ______ for her missing necklace, but couldn't find it.
A. look B. looking C. to look D. looked
39.You should apologize ______ your rude behavior to your classmates.
A. for B. to C. with D. about
40.The firemen managed to put ______ the big fire before it spread to other buildings.
A. out B. off C. up D. away
41.He suggested ______ a meeting to discuss the problem immediately.
A.have B. to have C. having D. had
42.The old photo reminded me ______ my happy childhood in the countryside.
A. of B. to C. for D. with
43.She can't afford ______ a new car with her current salary.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
44.He seems ______ the truth, but he just doesn't want to tell us.
A. know B. knowing C. to know D. knew
45.To everybody's surprise, the fashionable young lady______to be a thief.
A.found out B.proved out C.turned out D.put out
46.She______state secrets to the enemy.
A.gave out B.gave away C.gave up D.gave off
47.If the weather______to be rainy, we may have to______the sports meeting.
A. runs out;call on B. breaks out;call for
C.finds out; call at D. turns out; call off
48.The students are looking forward to ______ (visit) the science museum next week.
49.She has been trying to catch up ______ her classmates since she returned to school.
50.The old man decided to give ______ all his money to the charity.
51.Please turn ______ the lights when you leave the room to save electricity.
52.My brother is good at ______ (pick) up new skills quickly.
53.The meeting was put ______ because the manager was ill.
54.We should depend ______ ourselves rather than others to achieve our goals.
55.She spent two hours ______ (put) away all her books and toys.
56.The firemen worked hard to put ______ the big fire in the factory.
57.They came up ______ a good solution to the problem after a long discussion.
【知识点清单五】动词的特殊用法 (
一、感官动词用法
)
表动作的感官动词主要有see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice(注意到)、observe(观察到)
用法:后接 “宾语 + 补足语”,补足语有两种形式:
接 “宾语 + do sth”:强调动作的全过程(主动、完成)。
接 “宾语 + doing sth”:强调动作正在进行(主动、进行中)。
举例:I saw her enter the building.(我看见她走进了大楼。→ 全过程)
We heard them laughing loudly.(我们听见他们在大声笑。→ 正在进行)
注意事项:被动语态中,省略的不定式符号 “to” 必须还原(主动句中 “do” 前无 “to”,被动句中需加 “to”)。
举例:She was seen to enter the building.(有人看见她走进了大楼。)
(
二、使役动词用法
)
使役动词表示 “使、让、令” 等促使他人或事物发生变化的意义,常见的有 make、let、have、get 等。
(1)make(迫使、使)
用法:接 “宾语 + do sth”:表示 “迫使某人做某事”(主动,不带 “to”)。
接 “宾语 + 形容词”:表示 “使某物处于某种状态”。
举例:The boss made the workers work overtime.(老板迫使工人加班。)
The news made her happy.(这个消息让她很高兴。)
注意事项:被动语态中,“do” 前必须加 “to”(主动句省略 “to”,被动句还原)。
举例:The workers were made to work overtime.(工人被迫加班。)
(2)let(允许、让)
用法:接 “宾语 + do sth”:表示 “允许某人做某事”,语气较委婉,不带 “to”。
举例:My parents let me watch TV for an hour.(父母允许我看一小时电视。)
Let him go alone.(让他自己去吧。)
注意事项:无被动语态(不能说 “be let to do”)。
后接不带 “to” 的不定式(不可说 “let sb. to do”)。
(3)have(让、请、使)
用法:接 “宾语 + do sth”:表示 “让某人做某事”(强调委托或安排,主语不亲自做)。
接 “宾语 + done”:表示 “让某事被做”(宾语与动作是被动关系;委托他人做)。
举例:I’ll have my brother fix the bike.(我会让我弟弟修自行车。)
She had her hair cut yesterday.(她昨天剪了头发。→ 让别人剪的)
注意事项:无被动语态,不可说 “be had to do”。
“have sth. done” 中,主语不直接执行动作,而是让他人完成。
(4)get(设法使、说服)
用法:接 “宾语 + to do sth”:表示 “说服某人做某事”(需带 “to”)。
接 “宾语 + done”:表示 “使某事被做”(与“have sth. done” 类似,更口语)。
举例:He got his sister to help with the housework.(他说服姐姐帮忙做家务。)
We need to get the car repaired.(我们得把车修一下。)
注意事项:接不定式时必须带 “to”(与 let、make 不同)。
强调 “通过努力促使某事发生”,语气比 have 更主动。
(
三、主动表被动的特殊用法
)
(1)感官系动词主动表被动:如sound(听起来),taste(吃起来),smell(闻起来),feel(摸起来),look,seem(看起来)。
(2)不及物动词主动表被动:用作不及物动词的open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook等,当主语是物,且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
(3)动词blame等:不定式to blame等作表语时,用主动表示被动。
(4)某些特殊动词:有些特殊的动词如need,want,require等,后面接动名词时,可以用主动形式表示被动意义。
【即时训练】
58. We saw the thief ______ the house and run away quickly.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered
59. The teacher made him ______ his mistake in front of the whole class.
A. admit B. to admit C. admitting D. admitted
60. The cloth ______ very soft, so I want to buy it.
A. Feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. felt
61. My parents don't let me ______ out alone at night.
A. go B. to go C. going D. gone
62. I ______ my hair ______ yesterday afternoon.
A. have; cut B. have; to cut
C. had; cut D. had; to cut
63. The old man was noticed ______ into the bank just now.
A. go B. to go C. going D. gone
64. This kind of food ______ well, so it sells out quickly every day.
A. is tasted B. tastes C. tasted D. is tasting
65. She got her brother ______ the piano for her while she sang.
A.play B. to play C. playing D. played
66. I heard someone ______ at the door when I was watching TV.
A. knock B. to knock C. knocking D. knocked
67. The car needs ______ before we go on a trip.
A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repaired
68. We watched the children ______ (play) happily in the park.
69. The boss made all the employees ______ (work) extra hours last week.
70. This shirt ______ (wash) well, so it's worth buying.
71. My mother had the house ______ (clean) before the guests arrived.
72. I saw a stranger ______ (stand) outside our house when I came back.
73. The girl was heard ______ (sing) a beautiful song in the next room.
74. They let their children ______ (choose) their own hobbies.
75. This kind of flower ______ (smell) very sweet in spring.
76. She got her sister ______ (help) her with the homework.
77. The broken window requires ______ (fix) as soon as possible.
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