Unit 5 课时3 Section 2 Grammar（课件）英语沪教版八年级上册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时的用法、结构及标志词，通过交换旅行情境图片与例句（如“have stayed with a host family”）导入，搭建从已知到新知的学习支架，帮助学生在真实语境中感知语法规则。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识，以Eric的交换旅行邮件解析语法，结合填空练习与旅行经历对话活动，培养学生分析与运用能力。考点速递和随堂小练针对性强，助力学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂，提升教学效果。

Section 2 Grammar Going on an exchange trip 2024年沪教版英语（八年级上） Unit 5 1 学习目标 I can describe things that students can do on an exchange trip. talk about the experiences of other cultures. express my opinions about the benefits of exchange trips. understand and cope with culture shock. 2 01 新 课 导 入 03 应 用 实 践 06 回 顾 总 结 07 随 堂 小 练 02 学 习 理 解 04 迁 移 创 新 05 考 点 速 递 学习内容 3 新课导入 1 4 Look and say! You can use the structure “have + pp.” to describe the following pictures like this “I have stayed with a host family for 2 weeks.” stay with a host family I have stayed with a host family for 2 weeks.” visit, places of interest , such as the Forbidden City be in Beijing for 2 weeks now. I have been in Beijing for 2 weeks now. I have visited many places of interest in Beijing. such as the Forbidden City make new friends enjoy different kinds of food. I have made many new friends here. I have enjoyed different kinds of food. do lots of fun things, so far! learn some useful Chinese phrases at a local school with my British classmates I have done lots of fun things so far. I have learnt some useful Chinese phrases at a local school with my British classmates 学习理解 02 9 A The present perfect We use the present perfect to talk about past events with a connection to the present. Eric has been in Beijing for a week. He has written an email to tell his mother about his exchange experience. Read the email and pay attention to the words Dear Mum, I have been in Beijing for a week now. I’m staying with my host family and they are friendly. I have just learnt how to play Go. My host brother Wei taught me the rules. He has also shown me the medals he won. I have done lots of fun things so far! I have learnt some useful Chinese phrases at a local school with my British classmates. I haven't practised them yet but I will soon! Our teacher has told us we will do some Chinese painting and tai chi next week. I haven't tried tai chi before, so I am excited! By the way, Wei hasn't been to the UK. I'd like to invite him to London during summer holiday. What do you think? My exchange trip in Beijing Mum We form the present perfect with have / has + the past participle of the main verb. Look ! •I / You / We / They have = I’ve / You've / We've / They've •He / She / It has = He's / She's / It's •have not = haven’t has not = hasn't •The past participle of a regular verb is usually the same as its past tense form. You can find the past participles of some irregular verbs on pages 142-143. 现在完成时 一、用法： 1.表示动作发生在过去，并对现在有影响。(常与already, yet, never, ever, just等词连用) 2.表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。(常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用) 二、结构： 肯定句：have/has+ V-ed 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。 否定句：haven’t (hasn’t)＋过去分词 一般疑问句：把助动词 have或has提到主语之前 回答用 Yes, …have (has). No, …haven’t (hasn’t). B The present perfect with already, yet, ever, never, since and for We can use already, yet, ever, never, since and for with the present perfect. Read the passage below and pay attention to the words in bold. Sarah has been in Beijing for a week. She has stayed with her host family since 14 October. She has already tried a lot of local food in Beijing, but she hasn't visited many places of interest. For example, she has not seen the Great Wall yet, and she has not been to the Summer Palace either. She hopes to go there next week. • We use since with a point in time. We use for with a period of time. • We can use the adverbs already, ever and never after have / has and before the main verb. 三、标志词： already 意为“已经”，表示在此之前或某个特定时间之前，一般用于肯定句。如： We have already met. 我们已经见过面了。 yet 意为“还；尚未”，常用于疑问句或否定句。在疑问句中用来询问某事是否发生，在否定句中用来表示某事尚未发生但有可能发生。 —你们见过面了吗？ —我们还未见面。 —Have you met yet? —We haven’t met yet. ever 意为“在任何时候；从来”，用于疑问句或否定句。 我们曾见过面吗？ Have we ever met? never 意为“从不”，表示否定意思。 我们从未见过面。 We’ve never met. 含义 用法 例句 already 已经 肯定句 I have already finished my homework. just 刚刚 肯定句 She has just cleaned the kitchen. ever 曾经 疑问句 Have you ever visited the Great Wall? never 从未 否定句 She’s never talked to a foreigner. yet 尚未；还未 否定句、 疑问句 He has not heard from her yet. Has Mr. Wang arrived yet? 现在完成时中的since和for 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 1 for+时间段。表示“有（多长）一段时间了”。如： I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。 His mother has been ill for a week. 他妈妈已经病了一个星期了。 2 since+时间点。表示“自从……以来”。 (1) since+过去一个时间点。如： 　 I have lived here since 2003. 我自从2003年以来就一直住这儿。 (2) since+时间段+ago。如： She has stayed in Guangzhou since three months ago. 她自三个月前就一直待在广州。 3 for, since引导的短语或从句可以互换。如： I have studied English for five years. 我学英语已有五年了。 = I have studied English since five years ago. = It is five years since I began to study English. (3) since+从句（一般过去时）。如： Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 (4) It is+时间段+since+从句（一般过去时）。如： It is 13 years since I began to live here. 我住这儿已有13年了。 应用实践 03 22 Choose since or for when they are in the present perfect tense _______ 1997 _______ a long time _______I was 12 _______ two days ago _______ a month _______ he was born _______ ten years for for for since since since since Doris and Chris are good friends. They(1)___________(know) each other (2)_______a long time. They first met each other in the Tennis Club. Doris is now in London on an exchange trip. She (3)___________ (be) away (4)__________last Sunday. Chris went on holiday the week before. Therefore, Doris (5)______________(not see) Chris (6)_______two weeks. 1 Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and since or for. for have known for has been since hasn't seen 迁移创新 04 25 ・ Have you ever been to Australia / Canada / Japan / India...? ・ Have you visited the Great Wall /...? ・ How long have you stayed / been in...? ・ Have you ever eaten...? 2 Think about your travelling experiences. Ask and answer questions with your classmates. 考点速递 05 27 考点一：现在完成时态的基本概念和用法 1. 表示动作发生在过去，并对现在有影响。 2.表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 考点二、现在完成时态标志词词语 1.already, yet, never, ever, just的用法 2.for, since的用法 3. so far ,by now, since then, over the years, in the past 3 years 回顾总结 06 29 1.We have learned how to use the present perfect tense. 2.We have learned how to use the present perfect tense with already ,ye ,ever and already. 课堂小练 07 31 1. —Let’s go for a walk. —But I ________ my work yet. A. don’t finish B. won’t finish C. didn’t finish D. haven’t finished 2. The film “Ne Zha” is so wonderful that I _____ it twice. A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. have watched 3. —Why not take a taxi home? It’s too far away from here. —Because I ________ all my money. A. spend B. have spent C. was spending D. am spending 4. —I see you’re doing great in your studies lately! Thanks. Our school ___ new online tools. They make learning more fun and interactive. A. will introduce B. has introduced C. introduces D. introduced 5. They have _____ finished doing the housework, but they haven’t done their homework _____. A. already; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yet D. already; already D D B A B 6. The number of blue whales _____ sharply in the past 10 years. A. is dropping B. dropped C. drops D. has dropped 7. —How long have you been in Qingdao? —_______ five years ago. A. When B. While C. Since D. For 8. Susan wrote her first book ______. Her book ______ very popular all over the world ever since it came out. in 1860’s; was B. in 1860s; has been C. in the 1860s; has been D. in the 1860; was 9. — The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it? — Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening. A. already; just B. ever; yet C. just; already D. yet; ever 10. —________ you ever ________ the new library? —No, I haven’t. A. Do; visit B. Have; visited C. Did; visit D. Are; visiting C A C D B 二、按要求写句子。 1 The woman has found her bag. (1) （改为否定句） (2) （改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） 2 They have completed their homework. (1) （改为否定句） (2) （改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） The woman hasn’t found her bag Has the woman found her bag? Yes, she has. They haven’t completed their homework Yes,he has. He has cleaned the room Have they completed their homework? No, they haven’t 3 Has he cleaned the room? (1) （作肯定回答） (2) （写出肯定句） 4 Have they lost their way? (1) （作否定回答） (2) （写出否定句） No, they haven’t They haven’t lost their way. Have they completed their homework? No, they haven’t 三、根据提示汉译英： — 杰克已经买了新手机吗？(yet) . — 没，他还没买新手机。(yet) . (2) — 你曾参观过博物馆吗?(ever) . — 没，我没有。我从未参观过博物馆。(never) — 你曾在图书馆借过书没有？(ever) . — 有啊，我借过。我已借了三次了。(already) Has Jack bought a new mobile phone yet? No, he hasn’t bought a new mobile phone yet. Have you ever visited a museum? No, I haven’t. I’ve never visited a museum Have you ever borrowed books from the library? Yes, I have. I’ve already borrowed books three times 3.她投身野生动物保护已经10年了。 She has devoted herself to wild animals for 10 years. 4. 自从我出生以来，我的家人就住在同一套公寓里。 Since I was born, my family have lived in the same flat. 5.我在当地的一所学校学到了一些有用的中文短语。 I have learnt some useful Chinese phrases at a local school. 6.我们的老师已经告诉我们下周要绘制一些中国画和打太极拳。 Our teacher has already told us we will do some Chinese painting and tai chi next week. Thank you！ 38 $$